03.distributedComponent.part1.2pdf
机械类汽车转向系统外文文献及翻译
1 IntroductionThe key task for the automobile industry and its suppliers in future lies in speedily developing and implementing ecologically sound and economically justifiable mobility systems. Light metals such as aluminum and magnesium along with glass and carbon fiber reinforced materials, ceramics and composites have opened up the potential for considerable weight reduction and for "green" vehicle concepts which can be realized economically. Aluminum in particular can provide the impetus for new designs for the next millennium. Decades ago, the use of aluminum in auto construction was seen as an "experiment"; Today it is a vital factor in reducing weight and thus lowering fuel consumption.The average passenger car today contains 60 to 70 kg of aluminum, and current developments point to a doubling of this amount in the next few years. Motor vehicles both now and in future must meet requirements for: greater performance, greater safety, comfort, low pollution. Lightweight construction is not just about reducing weight; it is a question of -striking the right balance between reduced weight and structural efficiency. In vehicle construction this normally means making the best use of the generally very tight space available for individual components so as to allow weight to be minimized while still meeting all stiffness, strength, natural frequency or acoustical requirements. To achieve this, stresses must be distributed throughout the structure as evenly as possible. Modern numerical analysis methods such as FEA allow a very detailed analysis of system behavior, provide cost-efficient support for the complex process of optimization and thus make a huge contribution to advances in lightweight construction. Packaging, safety considerations, reproducibility and price place restrictions on the degree of weight reduction achievable.The broad range of expertise available to Krupp Presta AG allows the company to analyze customer specifications for steering systems and provide appropriate solutions.2 Requirements to be met by steering systemsThe steering is an important part of the feel of a car. The steering system should make driving an enjoyable experience with no unpleasant vibration from the road surface while guaranteeing the required hand- sing. It is also important that high safety requirements be met, both under normal conditions and in crash situations. The key criteria for the steering system are thus as follows:rolling friction, torsional stiffness /strength, Damping, temperature, corrosion, durability / fatigue, weight. Crash kinematics and energy absorption steering column requirements:natural frequency / stiffness, mass, damping, space, strength (crash, misuse), ergonomics, handling, acoustics, crash kinematics and energy absorption. Other basic conditions:interfaces with adjacent components, installation, joining techniques, price.3 Materialsmaterial light weighting can be achieved by using either stronger or lighter material. When stiffness or natural frequency are Important sizing criteria, low density materials with a high modulus of elasticity by quired. Non-exotic materials must be selected which are readily recyclable, low in price and display good durability.Further requirements are set by the manufacturing and joining processes. Steel, aluminum, magnesium and a variety of plastics are the materials of choice for steering systems.Low specific gravity, high corrosion resistance, low fabricating costs, high energy absorption and good recycle ability make aluminum a favored light weighting material. Owing to its high energy content, up to 90% of the aluminum used in auto construction can be recycled (intelligent design / no mixing with other materials). The favorable energy balance of aluminum puts it at a great advantage over many other materials.In environmental terms aluminum scores highly. The large amounts of primary energy required to make raw aluminum are offset over the lifetime of the vehicle. Composites could also become a very attractive proposition on account of their extreme stiffness, low weight and energy absorption capabilities. At present, howler, price is a problem, as are joining and quality assurance.4 Reducing component weightA focused strategy to reduce component weight requires a lightweight approach to design (force distribution, stresses), material (material selection), specifications (modified, realistic specifications)Key factors in lightweight design include [1]: force flows, material properties, ambient conditions ® safety requirements, reliability of joints, manufacture ability. Practical experience has shown that car makers' specifications based on steel need to be revised for lightweighting. Requirements valid for a steel steering shaft, for example, can result in severe oversizing of an aluminum shaft. Reducing component weight requires material compatible designs combined with material- compatible specifications.5 Lightweight componentsAs part of its development program Krupp Presta is replacing conventional steel steering components such as steering rods , shafts or forks with corresponding aluminum components produced by new processes. Weight savings of 20-30% are achievable depending on the basic conditions stipulated by the customer. Aluminum and magnesium die castings are already being used in steering columns , and further opportunities for weight reduction are being investigated. The lightweight steering column (Fig. 1) produced by Krupp Presta for the Audi A6 is a good example. By using magnesium die castings it has been possible to limit the weight of the steering column to just 5kg, a reduction of 15-20% over conventional (steel) designs.6 Steering column designExperience has shown that it is possible to design steering columns for cars more or less on the basis of their natural frequency alone. Additional engineering work may be required to design critical parts which must not break in the case of a crash or misuse (e.g. theft). The main task when engineering a steering column is thus to achieve the highest possible natural frequencies while minimizing weight. Low-stiffness components are being analyzed and refined in an effort to achieve uniform loading of the structure. In solving this task, use is made of numerical methods such as FEA. The structure is divided into finite elements which are characterized by specific deformation assumptions. Using FE analysis it is possible to examine complex structures, analyze sensitivities and links, discuss variations or ways of making improvements and optimize the structure numerically. Topological optimization is carried out for the analysis of low-stress areas and for the basic design of ribs and beads. CAD geometrydata are processed in an FE pre-processor. Correct modeling of the following is essential, individual parts, stiffness, contact faces, kinematics mass. Modeling is followed by computation and evaluation of the data obtained. The deformation energy is a global measure for assessing stresses. Normalizing the element deformation energy by the element mass provides information on the stresses acting on the element relative to its mass. The kinetic energy is regarded as the influence of vibrating masses which have a negative effect on the natural frequency of the steering column. By evaluating stress and strain conditions, highly localized weak points or high-stress areas can be identified.7 ConclusionsExisting technologies must be continuously adapted and improved in line with the requirements of the auto industry. Systematic weight reduction is a major challenge and requires close cooperation between vehicle manufacturers and suppliers. Materials, fabricating and joining technologies must be further refined. One prerequisite for the continuing success of Krupp Presta is the flexibility to react to customer wishes and requirements.Reference[1] Klein, B.:Leichtbau-Konstruktion. Berech- nungsgrundlagen und Gestaltung.Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1997一、简介一、简介 汽车工业及其供应商，在未来的关键任务在于迅速制定和实施无害生态和经济上合理流动系统。
基于DCM
第 39 卷第 1 期电力科学与技术学报Vol. 39 No. 1 2024 年 1 月JOURNAL OF ELECTRIC POWER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Jan. 2024引用格式：黄敬尧，程煜，李雅恬.基于DCM-PCA和GA-BP的逆变器故障诊断[J].电力科学与技术学报,2024,39(1):260‑271.Citation：HUANG Jingyao，CHENG Yu，LI Yatian.Fault diagnosis of inverter based on DCM-PCA and GA-BP neural network[J].Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology,2024,39(1):260‑271.基于DCM‑PCA和GA‑BP的逆变器故障诊断黄敬尧，程煜，李雅恬（三峡大学电气与新能源学院，湖北宜昌 443000）摘要：针对光伏并网三相电压型逆变器开关管的开路故障，提出深度级联模型（deep cascade mode，DCM）‒主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）与遗传算法（genetic algorithm，GA）优化的BP神经网络结合的故障诊断方法。
首先对逆变器的开路故障进行分析和仿真，确定三相电流作为故障信号，选择22类故障状态作为诊断对象，通过以稀疏表示分类（sparse representation based classififier，SRC）为基本操作单元的深度级联模型提取故障特征，DCM根据层次学习特性将故障特征分层，再由SRC部分得到不同故障的编码系数，并采用t分布—随机近邻嵌入（t⁃distributed stochastic neighbor embedding，t⁃SNE）方法验证了DCM具有较好的特征提取能力，通过PCA降低故障特征的冗余度、保留有价值的主成分提高网络映射能力，最后将故障特征向量作为GA⁃BP神经网络的输入信号实现对故障的诊断识别。
PV3370_EN_2018-12-01.pdf
Vertraulich. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be transmitted or reproduced without prior permission of a Standards Department of the Volkswagen Group.Parties to a contract can only obtain this standard via the B2B supplier platform “”.F o r m F E 41 - 09.06T h e E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n i s b e l i e v e d t o b e a c c u r a t e .I n c a s e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s t h e G e r m a n v e r s i o n s h a l l g o v e r n .N u m e r i c a l n o t a t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o I S O p r a c t i c e (s e e V W 01000).Page 2PV 3370: 2006-12Table 1Code letter RequirementA Particle size < 300 µmB NoneC Particle size < 600 µmD Particle size < 900 µmE Particle size < 1 200 µmF Particle size < 300 µm, but one particle per part < 600 µm permissibleG Particle size < 600 µm, but one particle per part < 900 µm permissibleH Particle size < 900 µm, but one particle per part < 1 200 µm permissibleI Particle size < 1 200 µm, but one particle per part < 1 500 µm permissibleFor F to I: Design Engineering has the freedom to also establish several particles of the next size class (e.g. F, but instead of one, three particles are permissible) or the combination of several size classes (e.g. F, but instead of one particle < 600 µm, three particles< 900 µm are permissible) in the form of a drawing note or deviation permit.Table 2Code number Requirement0,005 < 0,005 mg per part0,01 < 0,01 mg per part0,03 < 0,03 mg per part0,05 < 0,05 mg per part0,1 < 0,1 mg per part0,3 < 0,3 mg per part0,5 < 0,5 mg per part1 < 1 mg per part3 < 3 mg per part5 < 5 mg per partIn justified cases, other code numbers can also be used (e.g. 6, 10 or 30).Table 3Detail criteria RequirementAbrasives and loose weld spatter are not permissible on principle.external.a Position:b Disassembly foreign matter is not considered to be residual foreign matter.c Primary steel particles not permissible; fluff and light alloy not taken into account instandard quantities when restricting particle size.d Primary light alloy particles not permissible; fluff not taken into account in standardquantities when restricting particle size.e Metallic particles not permissible.f Primary organic particles not permissible.g Hard particles not permissible.h Magnetic particles not permissible.i Position: internal hydraulic circuit.y To be tested under conditions resembling operation, e.g. with pumps rotating under their own power or with external drive, or with valve bodies under test benchconditions with activation of all operating states.z To be checked in assembly (undismantled).See section "Requirements".Page 3PV 3370: 2006-123.3 Specimen quantityThe necessary minimum quantity depends on the permissible mass of the residual foreign matter and the weighing equipment used for evaluation.It is oriented toward the relevant component or assembly, the sensitivity of the area of application and the apparatus available for determining the mass of the residual foreign matter. The specimen quantity is calculated according to the formula:rt in mgter per pa oreign mat residual f e mass of Permissibl tor n mg x fac solution i Balance re quantity pecimen 50S =Example: With a code number of 0,1 from Table 2, the result is 50 specimen parts when using a balance with a resolution of 0,1 mg. If there is only a balance with a resolution of 1 mg available, the result is 500 specimen parts. 3.4 Equipment, reagents─ Laboratory ultrasonic cleaning unit─ Diaphragm liquid pump ─ Line filtering unit ─ Vacuum filtering unit─ Analytical balance (resolution 0,1 mg)─ Stereomicroscope with ocular micrometer (25x magnification) ─ Nylon fibrous filter, diameter: 47 mm or larger, cold-punched─ Safety cold cleaning agent (e.g. Volkswagen material number 29.2829) ─Petroleum ether3.5 Test procedure 3.5.1 Specimen partsSupply parts and in-house manufactured parts in the type intended for final assembly. The parts shall be removed from the unopened original packaging. The minimum specimen quantity is calculated according to Section 3.3. 3.5.2 CleaningThe parts are cleaned in an organic hydrocarbon-based solvent.Safety cold cleaning agents of flash point hazard class A3, free of chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, have been tried and tested for this purpose. Cleaning according to VDA 19, using:─ Low-pressure spraying with wash bottle─ Medium-pressure spraying by means of spray gun in cleaning cabinet ─ Ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing in solvent─Flushing from both sides by means of diaphragm pump (interior flushing)Page 4PV 3370: 2006-12The task of the test fluid is to strip the foreign matter burden on the components as completely as possible. The relevant process is accordingly selected for the component and is deemed to be appropriate when a second test of the same part shows a residual foreign matter quantity < 10% of the first test (fading curve in accordance with Section 4.1 of VDA 19). The cleanliness of the test fluid has a direct influence on the blank value and increases the value if it is contaminated.The cleanliness of the fluid used is to be ensured by means of appropriate filtration.The blank value of the relevant test procedure is to be determined without the specimen parts.If a blank value exceeds 10% of the residual foreign matter quantity permitted or to be expected, the testing devices and testing tools must be cleaned again.3.5.2.1 Components with a surface easily accessible on all sidesClean specimen parts using a sufficient quantity of the cleaning agent, either one after the other or all together, depending on the size of the parts.When spraying, the total fluid quantity is to be distributed evenly over the components.During ultrasonic cleaning, the time is to be limited to 60 seconds. The parts are to be flushed using a wash bottle containing clean cleaning agent when they are removed.Test vessels made of glass or stainless steel are to be used, no damping materials such as plastic. During rinsing, approx. 50 strokes are to be executed within 60 seconds.A conical vessel fitting the specimen is used, so that the specimen is approx. 6 mm above the bottom in order to ensure that the specimen can come into contact with the fluid on all sides.3.5.2.2 Components with partial residual foreign matter requirementsComponents for which only partial areas of the surface or only the interior are subject to a residual foreign matter requirement or for which different interiors are subject to different regulations (e.g. in the case of a housing with different requirements for the hypoid space and ATF space and no requirement for the exterior) are sprayed with sufficient quantities of fluid in the non-regulated area first in order to prevent falsification of the following procedure. As a rule, the fluid is discarded or supplied for gravimetric analysis. After that, the chamber or surface to be tested is sprayed or flushed. The surfaces not to be tested are covered. If this is not possible, only the relevant zone or chamber is flushed.3.5.2.3 Hollow bodies such as hoses, tubes, lines, radiators, etc.Hollow bodies, for which generally only the interior is subject to a residual foreign matter requirement, must be alternately flushed with cleaning fluid.This is done by pumping 2 liters of cleaning fluid per minute through the component from both sides for 3 minutes using a commercial piston diaphragm pump.The dirty cleaning agent that runs out is then directed through the test filter.Page 5PV 3370: 2006-123.5.3 Special case: tappingE.g. for dry clutch disksIn the case of dry clutch disks (in-house mounting), the dirt quantity is determined by tapping them on a hard rubber plate 20 times (test plate approx. 10 x 20 cm, Shore A hardness 80) instead of by the standard test procedure.Detailed description: 10 disks are placed on both index fingers, allowed to fall from between the hands onto the hard rubber plate from a height of approx. 5 cm and immediately picked up again. This procedure is repeated 19 times.The procedure is performed on a suitable surface (e.g. household tray with raised edge), and the disk particles or the dust is weighed.In the case of oiled clutch disks from clutch assemblies and previously operated transmissions, the dirt quantity is determined by rinsing the disks in safety cleaning agent. Ultrasound must not be used due to the danger of disk disintegration.instructions3.6 WorkThe tests are carried out specifically for each component. Work instructions are then to be compiled taking into account the details from VDA 19. Examples can be found in the VDA Appendix.3.7 Filtration and filtersFilter the cleaning agent containing residual foreign matter. A vacuum filtering unit with a constant-weight, pre-weighed filter is used for this purpose (accuracy 0,1 mg). Then re-rinse the filter and residual foreign matter with petroleum ether and dry to a constant weight (observe safety regulations).Filter type: Nylon fibrous filter, 15 µm mesh width:Diameter: 47 mm (larger diameters are permissible)3.8 EvaluationThe mass of the residual foreign matter is determined by re-weighing the constant-weight dried filter, the result in mg/part is divided by the number of specimens.The blank value is to be taken into account in accordance with Section 3.5.2.The particle size and, if applicable, the composition are then determined.This is generally done visually/microscopically. In special cases, automated particle counting systems and REM-EDAX are deployed.Note that all dimensions must be within the specification when evaluating the particle size.Page 6PV 3370: 2006-124 DescriptionFor examples see Table 4Table 4Drawing note Particle size Mass of residualforeign matterDetail criterion A 5 < 300 µm < 5 µm NoneA iB a 5 < 300 µm internal, nolimit external < 5 mg, total interiorand exteriorPosition: i = interior,a = exteriorA 1 z < 300 µm < 1 mg Test undismantledA 0,5 b < 300 µm < 0,5 mg Foreign matter resultingfrom dismantling is nottaken into account.F 0,002 < 300 µm, but oneparticle < 600 µmpermissible< 0,002 mg None5 Sources of supplyFilters: Disks made of SEFAR NITEX 03-15/10, diameter: 47 mm, cold-punchedSEFAR GmbHDr.-Fritz-Huber-Strasse 73, DE-83512 WasserburgTel. 0049 (0)8071 90400-0Fax 0049 (0)8071 40787www.sefar.de6 Referencedstandards1VDA 19 Prüfung der Technischen Sauberkeit; Partikelverunreinigung funktionsrelevanter Automobilteile (Testing of Technical Cleanliness – Contamination of AutomotiveComponents Relevant for Function by Particles – only available in German)1 In this Section, terminological inconsistencies may occur as the original titles are used.。
Dropbox Business安全指南说明书
Security with Dropbox BusinessAt Dropbox, the security of your data is our highest priority. We’ve earned the trust of over 500 million users by keeping data safe while providing best-in-class performance and usability. For over 200,000 companies, Dropbox pairsthe benefits of widespread adoption with the controls and certifications IT needs to protect employees and their data. The result: a truly unique security offering for the enterprise.Built on a strong foundation Dropbox is built with multiple layers of protection across a distributed, reliable infrastructure. With 1.2 billion files synced each day, our infrastructure is optimized for performance at a massive scale and backed by a world-class security pliance to meet yourbusiness requirementsDropbox combines the mostaccepted standards—like ISO27001 and SOC 2—with compliancemeasures geared to our customers’specific industries. We providereports from third-party auditors tohelp you verify our security practices.Adoption–the ultimatesecurity advantageAt Dropbox, we know that realsecurity starts by bringingusers onto a sanctioned platform.Dropbox Enterprise leveragesease-of-use and adoption tocentralize company data, resultingin greater visibility and control.ArchitectureDropbox stores two kinds of data:file content (file blocks) and metadata about files and users. All metadata is stored on Dropbox servers. Most file content is also stored on Dropbox servers, in a system known as Magic Pocket. This system, which consists of both proprietary software and hardware, has been designed from the ground up to be reliable and secure. A smaller portion of file con-tent is stored by a managed service provider, Amazon Web Services (AWS). In both Magic Pocket and AWS, file blocks are encrypted at rest, and both systems meet high standards for reliability.With over 1.2 billion files saved every day, Dropbox was builtto secure data at scale. Dropbox is designed with multiple layersof protection covering data transfer, encryption, network configuration, and application-level controls, all distributed across a scalable, secure infrastructure.By design, Dropbox provides a unique security mechanism that goes beyond traditionalencryption to protect user data. The Encryption and Application Services process files from the Dropbox applications by splitting each into blocks, encrypting each file block using a strong cipher, and synchronizing only blocks that have been modified between revisions.Encryption is an importantcomponent of our security protocol. To protect data in transit betweenDropbox apps and our servers,Dropbox uses Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) for data transfer, creating a secure tunnel protected by 128-bit or higher Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption.Dropbox files at rest are encrypted using 256-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).Dropbox’s architecture, applica-tions, and sync mechanisms work together to protect user data and make it highly available. Redundant copies of metadata are distributed across independent devices withina data center in an N+2 availability model. Hourly incremental and daily full backups are performed on all metadata. Redundant copies of file blocks are stored independently in at least two separate geographicregions and replicated reliably within each region. Both Magic Pocket and AWS are designed to provide annual data durability of at least 99.999999999%.Reliability and durability“I don’t have to worry about data security, because of the encryption and transport layer protocols Dropbox has in place.”Robert EverettDirector of IT, Brandt CompaniesIn the rare event of a service availability outage, Dropbox users still have access to the latest synced copies of their files in the local Dropbox folder on linked computers. Copies of files synced in the Dropbox desktop client/local folder will be accessible from a user’s hard drive during downtime, outages, or when offline. Changes to files and folders will be synced to Dropbox once service or connectivity is restored.There are many different compliance standards and regulations that may apply to your organization. Our approach is to combine the most accepted stan-dards—ISO 27001, SOC 2, and more—with compliance measures geared to the specific needs of our customers’ businesses or industries. Dropbox, our data centers, and our managed service provider undergo regular third-party audits.ComplianceThe International Organization for Standardization (ISO) hasdeveloped a series of world-class standards for information and societal security to helporganizations develop reliable and innovative products and services. Dropbox has certified its data centers, systems, applications, people, and processes through a series of audits by an independent third-party, Netherlands-based EY CertifyPoint.ISO 27001 (Information security management)ISO 27001 is recognized as the premier information security management system (ISMS) standard around the world. The standard also leverages thesecurity best practices detailed in ISO 27002. To be worthy of your trust, we’re continually andcomprehensively managing and improving our physical, technical, and legal controls at Dropbox. Our auditor, EY CertifyPoint, maintainsits ISO 27001 accreditation from the Raad voor Accreditatie (Dutch Accreditation Council). View the Dropbox Business, Enterprise, and Education ISO 27001 certificate. View the Dropbox Business, Enterprise, and Education ISO 27001 certificate.ISO 27017 (Cloud security)ISO 27017 is a new international standard for cloud security that provides guidelines for security controls applicable to theprovision and use of cloud services. Our Shared Responsibility Guide explains several of the security, privacy, and compliancerequirements that Dropbox and its customers can solve together. View the Dropbox Business, Enterprise, and Education ISO 27017 certificate.ISO 27018 (Cloud privacy and data protection)ISO 27018 is an emerginginternational standard for privacyand data protection that applies to cloud service providers like Dropbox who process personal information on behalf of their customers and provides a basis for which custom-ers can address common regulatory and contractual requirements or questions. View the DropboxBusiness, Enterprise, and Education ISO 27018 certificate.ISO 22301 (Business continuity management)ISO 22301 is an international standard for business continuity that guides organizations on how to decrease the impact of disruptive events and respond to them appropriately if they occur by minimizing potential damage. The Dropbox business continuity management system (BCMS) is part of our overall risk management strategy to protect people and operations during times of crises. View the Dropbox Business, Enterprise, and Education ISO 22301 certificate.ISO certificationsThe Service Organization Controls (SOC) reports, known as either the SOC 1, SOC 2, or SOC 3, are frameworks established bythe American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)for reporting on internal controls implemented within an organization. Dropbox has certified its operations, processes, and technology by an independent third-party auditor, Ernst & Young LLP.SOC 3 for Security, Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, and PrivacyThe SOC 3 assurance report covers all five Trust Service Principles of Security, Confidentiality, Integrity,Availability, and Privacy (TSP Section 100). The Dropbox general-use report is an executive summary of the SOC 2 report and includes the independent third-party auditor’s opinion on the effective design and operation of our controls. View the Dropbox Business, Enterprise, and Education SOC 3 examination.SOC 2 for Security,Confidentiality, Integrity,Availability, and PrivacyThe SOC 2 report providescustomers with a detailed level ofcontrols-based assurance, coveringall five Trust Service Principles ofSecurity, Confidentiality, ProcessingIntegrity, Availability, and Privacy(TSP Section 100). The SOC 2report includes a detailed descriptionof Dropbox’s processes and themore than 100 controls in place toprotect your stuff. In addition to ourindependent third-party auditor’sopinion on the effective design andoperation of our controls, the reportincludes the auditor’s test proceduresand results for each control. TheSOC 2 examination of DropboxBusiness, Enterprise, and Educationis available upon request throughthe sales team or the accountmanagement team.SOC 1 / SSAE 16 / ISAE 3402(formerly SAS 70)The SOC 1 report provides specificassurances for customers whodetermine that Dropbox Business,Enterprise, or Education is a keyelement of their internal controlsover financial reporting (ICFR)program. These specific assurancesare primarily used for ourcustomers’ Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX)compliance. The independentthird-party audit is conducted inaccordance with the Statementon Standards for AttestationEngagements No. 16 (SSAE 16)and the International Standard onAssurance Engagements No. 3402(ISAE 3402). These standards havereplaced the deprecated Statementon Auditing Standards No. 70 (SAS70). The SOC 1 examination ofDropbox Business, Enterprise, andEducation is available upon requestthrough the sales team or theaccount management team.SOC reportsDropbox will sign business associate agreements (BAAs) with Dropbox Business, Enterprise, and Education customers who require them in order to comply with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH). Learn more by visitingour Getting Started with HIPAAguide and Help Center article.Dropbox makes available a third-party assurance report evaluatingour controls for the HIPAA/HITECHSecurity, Privacy, and BreachNotification rules, as well as amapping of our internal practicesand recommendations forcustomers who are looking to meetthe HIPAA/HITECH Securityand Privacy rule requirements withDropbox Business, Enterprise,and Education.HIPPA/HTECHEncryption, secure protocols, and compliance are a given for anything in your IT suite—but in order torealize the value of a secure solution, adoption is critical. At the same time, bringing new technology into an organization can be a major challenge. At Dropbox, we believe that user-friendly tools provide IT with a unique opportunity to centralize data onto a sanctioned platform—the first step to gaining real visibility and control.Dropbox has approached this by becoming employees’ go-to tool for productivity, whether they’reworking together at the office, out in the field, or with their network ofpartners, vendors, and customers. As an industry leader in bothperformance and usability, Dropbox gains widespread adoptionwhen brought into organizations. Additionally, Dropbox Businesshelps IT bring prior Dropbox usage—and all of its data—into the company domain. By pairing unparalleledadoption with the controls IT needs, Dropbox Business deliversgreater value and security than traditional solutions.For more information on the visibility and control features available on Dropbox Business, please read our Admin Guide.“As we procure more highprofile clients, we need to be able to assure them that every system we use is completely secure. Dropbox Business is perfect for that.”Buzz Osborne,Director of UX, Campaign MonitorAdoption: the key to true enterprise securitySecurity, Trust, and Assurance Registry (CSA STAR)The CSA Security, Trust &Assurance Registry (STAR) is a free, publicly-accessible registry that offers a security assurance program for cloud services, thereby helping users to assess the security posture of cloud providers they currently use or are considering contracting with. Dropbox Business, Enterprise, andEducation have received the CSA STAR Level 2 Certification, a third-party independent assessment of our security controls by EY CertifyPoint based on the requirements of ISO 27001 and the CSA Cloud Controls Matrix (CCM) v.3.0.1, a set of criteria that measures the capability levels of cloud services. Dropbox Business has also completed the CSA STAR Level 1 Self-Assessment, a rigorous survey based on CSA’s Consensus Assessments Initiative Questionnaire (CAIQ), which aligns with the CCM, and provides answers to almost 300 questions a cloud customer or a cloud security auditor may wish to ask. View our CSA STAR Level 1 Self-Assessment and Level 2 Certification on the CSA website.Cloud Security Alliance。
ERP词汇中英文对照
NO Abbr aa1ABM Activity-based Management2AO Application Outsourcing3APICS American Production and Inventory4APICS Applied Manufacturing Education S5APO Advanced Planning and Optimizatio6APS Advanced Planning and Scheduling7ASP Application Service/Software Prov8ATO Assemble To Order9ATP Available To Promise10B2B Business to Business11B2C Business to Consumer12B2G Business to Government13B2R Business to Retailer14BIS Business Intelligence System15BOM Bill Of Materials16BOR Bill Of Resource17BPR Business Process Reengineering18BPM Business Process Management19BPS Business Process Standard20C/S Client/Server(C/S)\Browser/Server21CAD Computer-Aided Design22CAID Computer-Aided Industrial Design23CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing24CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning25CASE Computer-Aided Software Engineeri26CC Collaborative Commerce27CIMS Computer Integrated Manufacturing28CMM Capability Maturity Model29COMMS Customer Oriented Manufacturing M30CORBA Common Object Request Broker Arch31CPC Collaborative Product Commerce32CPIM Certified Production and Inventor33CPM Critical Path Method34CRM Customer Relationship Management35CRP capacity requirements planning36CTI Computer Telephony Integration37CTP Capable to Promise38DCOM Distributed Component Object Mode39DCS Distributed Control System40DMRP Distributed MRP41DRP Distribution Resource Planning42DSS Decision Support System43DTF Demand Time Fence44DTP Delivery to Promise45EAI Enterprise Application Integratio46EAM Enterprise Assets Management47ECM Enterprise Commerce Management48ECO Engineering Change Order49EDI Electronic Data Interchange50EDP Electronic Data Processing51EEA Extended Enterprise Applications 52EIP Enterprise Information Portal53EIS Executive Information System54EOI Economic Order Interval55EOQ Economic Order Quantity56EPA Enterprise Proficiency Analysis 57ERP Enterprise Resource Planning58ERM Enterprise Resource Management59ETO Engineer To Order60FAS Final Assembly Schedule61FCS Finite Capacity Scheduling62FMS Flexible Manufacturing System63FOQ Fixed Order Quantity64GL General Ledger65GUI Graphical User Interface66HRM Human Resource Management67HRP Human Resource Planning68IE Industry Engineering/Internet Exp 69ISO International Standard Organizati 70ISP Internet Service Provider71ISPE International Society for Product 72IT/GT Information/Group Technology73JIT Just In Time74KPA Key Process Areas75KPI Key Performance Indicators76LP Lean Production77MES Manufacturing Executive System78MIS Management Information System79MPS Master Production Schedule80MRP Material Requirements Planning81MRPII Manufacturing Resource Planning 82MTO Make To Order83MTS Make To Stock84OA Office Automation85OEM Original Equipment Manufacturing 86OPT Optimized Production Technology 87OPT Optimized Production Timetable88PADIS Production And Decision Informati 89PDM Product Data Management90PERT Program Evaluation Research Techn 91PLM Production Lifecycle Management 92PM Project Management93POQ Period Order Quantity94PRM Partner Relationship Management95PTF Planned Time Fence96PTX Private Trade Exchange97RCCP Rough-Cut Capacity Planning98RDBM Relational Data Base Management99RPM Rapid Prototype Manufacturing100RRP Resource Requirements Planning101SCM Supply Chain Management102SCP Supply Chain Partnership103SFA Sales Force Automation104SMED Single-Minute Exchange Of Dies105SOP Sales And Operation Planning106SQL Structure Query Language107TCO Total Cost Ownership108TEI Total Enterprise Integration109TOC Theory Of Constraints/Constraints110TPM Total Productive Maintenance111TQC Total Quality Control112TQM Total Quality Management113WBS Work Breakdown System114XML eXtensible Markup Language115ABC Classification(Activity Based Classification) 116ABC costing117ABC inventory control118abnormal demand119acquisition cost ,ordering cost120action message121action report flag122activity cost pool123activity-based costing(ABC)124actual capacity125adjust on hand126advanced manufacturing technology127advanced pricing128AM Agile Manufacturing129alternative routing130Anticipated Delay Report131anticipation inventory132apportionment code133assembly parts list134automated storage/retrieval syste135Automatic Rescheduling136available inventory137available material138available stock139available work140average inventory141back order142back scheduling143base currency144batch number145batch process146batch production147benchmarking148bill of labor149bill of lading150branch warehouse151bucketless system152business framework153business plan154capacity level155capacity load156capacity management157carrying cost158carrying cost rate159cellular manufacturing160change route161change structure162check point163closed loop MRP164Common Route Code(ID)165component-based development 166concurrent engineering167conference room pilot168configuration code169continuous improvement170continuous process171cost driver172cost driver rate173cost of stockout174cost roll-up175crew size176critical part177critical ratio178critical work center179CLT Cumulative Lead Time180current run hour181current run quantity182customer care183customer deliver lead time 184customer loyalty185customer order number186customer satisfaction187customer status188cycle counting189DM Data Mining190Data Warehouse191days offset192dead load193demand cycle194demand forecasting195demand management196Deming circle197demonstrated capacity198discrete manufacturing199dispatch to200DRP Distribution Requirements Plannin 201drop shipment202dunning letter203ECO workbench204employee enrolled205employee tax id206end item207engineering change mode flag208engineering change notice209equipment distribution210equipment management211exception control212excess material analysis213expedite code214external integration215fabrication order216factory order217fast path method218fill backorder219final assembly lead time220final goods221finite forward scheduling222finite loading223firm planned order224firm planned time fence225FPR Fixed Period Requirements226fixed quantity227fixed time228floor stock229flow shop230focus forecasting231forward scheduling232freeze code233freeze space234frozen order235gross requirements236hedge inventory237in process inventory238in stock239incrementing240indirect cost241indirect labor242infinite loading243input/output control244inspection ID245integrity246inter companies247interplant demands248inventory carry rate249inventory cycle time250inventory issue251inventory location type 252inventory scrap253inventory transfers254inventory turns/turnover 255invoice address256invoice amount gross257invoice schedule258issue cycle259issue order260issue parts261issue policy262item availability263item description264item number265item record266item remark267item status268job shop269job step270kit item271labor hour272late days273lead time274lead time level275lead time offset days276least slack per operation 277line item278live pilot279load leveling280load report281location code282location remarks283location status284lot for lot285lot ID286lot number287lot number traceability288lot size289lot size inventory290lot sizing291low level code292machine capacity293machine hours294machine loading295maintenance ,repair,and operating 296make or buy decision297management by exception298manufacturing cycle time299manufacturing lead time300manufacturing standards301master scheduler302material303material available304material cost305material issues and receipts306material management307material manager308material master,item master309material review board310measure of velocity311memory-based processing speed312minimum balance313Modern Materials Handling314month to date315move time , transit time316MSP book flag317multi-currency318multi-facility319multi-level320multi-plant management321multiple location322net change323net change MRP324net requirements325new location326new parent327new warehouse328next code329next number330No action report331non-nettable332on demand333on-hand balance334on hold335on time336open amount337open order338order activity rules339order address340order entry341order point342order point system343order policy344order promising345order remarks346ordered by347overflow location348overhead apportionment/allocation 349overhead rate,burden factor,absor 350owner's equity351parent item352part bills353part lot354part number355people involvement356performance measurement357physical inventory358picking359planned capacity360planned order361planned order receipts362planned order releases363planning horizon364point of use365Policy and procedure366price adjustments367price invoice368price level369price purchase order370priority planning371processing manufacturing372product control373product family374product mix375production activity control376production cycle377production line378production rate379production tree380PAB Projected Available Balance 381purchase order tracking382quantity allocation383quantity at location384quantity backorder385quantity completion386quantity demand387quantity gross388quantity in389quantity on hand390quantity scrapped391quantity shipped392queue time393rated capacity394receipt document395reference number396regenerated MRP397released order398reorder point399repetitive manufacturing 400replacement parts401required capacity402requisition orders403rescheduling assumption404resupply order405rework bill406roll up407rough cut resource planning 408rounding amount409run time410safety lead time411safety stock412safety time413sales order414scheduled receipts415seasonal stock416send part417service and support418service parts419set up time420ship address421ship contact422ship order423shop calendar424shop floor control425shop order , work order426shrink factor427single level where used428standard cost system429standard hours430standard product cost431standard set up hour432standard unit run hour433standard wage rate434status code435stores control436suggested work order437supply chain438synchronous manufacturing439time bucket440time fence441time zone442top management commitment443total lead time444transportation inventory445unfavorable variance, adverse446unit cost447unit of measure448value chain449value-added chain450variance in quantity451vendor scheduler,supplier schedul 452vendor scheduling453Virtual Enterprise(VE)/ Organizat 454volume variance455wait time456where-used list457work center capacity458workflow459work order460work order tracking461work scheduling462world class manufacturing excelle 463zero inventories464465Call/Contact/Work/Cost center 466Co/By-product467E-Commerce/E-Business/E-Marketing 468E-sales/E-procuement/E-partner 469independent/dependent demand470informal/formal system471Internet/Intranet/Extranet472middle/hard/soft/share/firm/group ware 473pegging/kitting/netting/nettable474picking/dispatch/disbursement lis475preflush/backflush/super backflus476yield/scrap/shrinkage (rate)477scrap/shrinkage factor478479costed BOM480engineering BOM481indented BOM482manufacturing BOM483modular BOM484planning BOM485single level BOM486summarized BOM487488account balance489account code490account ledger491account period492accounts payable493accounts receivable494actual cost495aging496balance due497balance in hand498balance sheet499beginning balance500cash basis501cash on bank502cash on hand503cash out to504catalog505category code506check out507collection508cost simulation509costing510current assets511current liabilities512current standard cost513detail514draft remittance515end of year516ending availables517ending balance518exchange rate519expense520financial accounting521financial entity522financial reports523financial statements524fiscal period525fiscal year526fixed assets527foreign amount528gains and loss529in balance530income statement531intangible assets532journal entry533management accounting534manual reconciliation535notes payable536notes receivable537other receivables538pay aging539pay check540pay in541pay item542pay point543pay status544payment instrument545payment reminder546payment status547payment terms548period549post550proposed cost551simulated cost552spending variance,expenditure var 553subsidiary554summary555tax code556tax rate557value added tax558559as of date , stop date560change lot date561clear date562date adjust563date available564date changed565date closed566date due567date in produced568date inventory adjust569date obsolete570date received571date released572date required573date to pull574earliest due date575effective date576engineering change effect date 577engineering stop date578expired date579from date580last shipment date581need date582new date583pay through date584receipt date585ship date586587allocation588alphanumeric589approver590assembly591backlog592billing593bill-to594bottleneck595bulk596buyer597component598customer599delivery600demand601description602discrete603ergonomics604facility605feature606forecast607freight608holidays609implement610ingredient611inquire612inventory613item614job615Kanban616level617load618locate619logistics620lot621option622outstanding623overhead624override625overtime626parent627part628phantom629plant630preference631priority632procurement633prototyping634queue635quota636receipt637regeneration638remittance639requisition640returned641roll642routing643schedule644shipment645ship-to646shortage647shrink648spread649statement650subassembly651supplier652transaction653what-if654655post-deduct inventory transaction 656pre-deduct inventory transaction 657generally accepted manufacturing658direct-deduct inventory transacti 659Pareto Principle660Drum-buffer-rope661663Open Database Connectivity664Production Planning665Work in Process666accelerated cost recovery system 667accounting information system668acceptable quality kevel669constant purchasing power account 670break-even analysis671book value672cost-benefit analysis673chief financial office674degree of financial leverage675degree of operating leverage676first-in , first-out677economic lot size678first-in ,still-here679full pegging680linear programming681management by objective682value engineering683zero based budgeting684CAQ computer aided quality assurance 685DBMS database management system686IP Internet Protocol687TCP T ransmission Control Protocol 689690API Advanced Process Industry691A2A Application to Application692article693article reserves694assembly order695balance-on-hand-inventory696bar code697boned warehouse698CPA Capacity Requirements Planning 699change management700chill space701combined transport702commodity inspection703competitive edge704container705container transport706CRP Continuous Replenishment Program707core competence708cross docking709CLV Customer Lifetime Value710CReM Customer Relationship Marketing 711CSS Customer Service and Support712Customer Service Representative 713customized logistics714customs declaration715cycle stock716data cleansing717Data Knowledge and Decision Suppo 718data level integration719data transformation720desktop conferencing721distribution722distribution and logistics723distribution center724distribution logistics725distribution processing726distribution requirements727DRP distribution resource planning 728door-to-door729drop and pull transport730DEM Dynamic Enterprise Module731ECR Efficient Consumer Response732e-Government Affairs733EC Electronic Commerce734Electronic Display Boards735EOS Electronic order system736ESD Electronic Software Distribution 737embedding738employee category739empowerment740engineering change effect work or 741environmental logistics742experiential marketing743export supervised warehouse744ERP Extended Resource Planning745field sales/cross sale/cross sell 746franchising747FCL Full Container Load748Global Logistics Management749goods collection750goods shed751goods shelf752goods stack753goods yard754handing/carrying755high performance organization756inland container depot757inside sales758inspection759intangible loss760internal logistics761international freight forwarding 762international logistics763invasive integration764joint distribution765just-in-time logistics766KM Knowledge Management767lead (customer) management768learning organization769LCL less than container load770load balancing771loading and unloading772logistics activity773logistics alliance774logistics center775logistics cost776logistics cost control777logistics documents778logistics enterprise779logistics information780logistics management781logistics modulus782logistics network783logistics operation784LRP Logistics Resource Planning785logistics strategy786logistics strategy management787logistics technology788MES Manufacture Execute System789mass customization790NPV Net Present Value791neutral packing792OLAP On-line Analysis Processing793OAG Open Application Group794order picking795outsourcing796package/packaging797packing of nominated brand798palletizing799PDA Personal Digital Assistant800personalization801PTF Planning time fence802POS Point Of Sells803priority queuing804PBX Private Branch Exchange805production logistics806publish/subscribe807quality of working life808Quick Response809receiving space810REPs Representatives811return logistics812ROI Return On Investment813RM Risk Management814sales package815scalability816shipping space817situational leadership818six sigma819sorting/stacking820stereoscopic warehouse821storage822stored procedure823storehouse824storing825SRM Supplier Relationship Management 826tangible loss827team building828TEM Technology-enabled Marketing829TES Technology-enabled Selling830TSR TeleSales Service Representative 831TPL Third-Part Logistics832through transport833unit loading and unloading834Value Management835value-added logistics service 836Value-chain integration837VMI Vender Managed Inventory838virtual logistics839virtual warehouse840vision841volume pricing model842warehouse843waste material logistics844workflow management845zero latency846ZLE Zero Latency Enterprise847ZLP Zero Latency Process848zero-inventory technologyCC S F NUM基于作业活动管理F10应用程序外包E21美国生产与库存管理协会ext L651实用制造管理系列培训教材ext C652先进计划及优化技术F14高级计划与排程技术F15应用服务/软件供应商L22定货组装L24可供销售量(可签约量)L31企业对企业(电子商务)F51企业对消费者(电子商务)F52企业对政府(电子商务)F53企业对经销商(电子商务)F54商业智能系统E47物料清单bom L471资源清单L43业务/企业流程重组E49业务/企业流程管理E49业务/企业流程标准E50客户机/服务器\浏览器/服务器abr L457计算机辅助设计L75计算机辅助工艺设计L76计算机辅助制造L77计算机辅助工艺设计L78计算机辅助软件工程L79协同商务E68计算机集成制造系统L73能力成熟度模型L55面向客户制造管理系统ext L653通用对象请求代理结构F70协同产品商务E69生产与库存管理认证资格ext F654关键线路法L92客户关系管理L102能力需求计划L60电脑电话集成(呼叫中心)L74可承诺的能力F56分布式组件对象模型F121分布式控制系统L122分布式MRP L123分销资源计划L125决策支持系统L110需求时界L115可承诺的交货时间F111企业应用集成E140企业资源管理E141企业商务管理F142工程变更订单D139电子数据交换L131电子数据处理F132扩展企业应用系统F152企业信息门户E143高层领导信息系统F150经济定货周期L129经济订货批量(经济批量法)L130企业绩效分析144企业资源计划L145企业资源管理L145专项设计，按订单设计L136最终装配计划L160有限能力计划L162柔性制造系统L171固定定货批量法L167总账cid D522图形用户界面F178人力资源管理L181人力资源计划L182工业工程/浏览器188国际标准化组织F194互联网服务提供商F195国际生产力促进会ext F655信息/成组技术abr F458准时制造/准时制生产L218关键过程域L220关键业绩指标F219精益生产L227制造执行系统L254管理信息系统L252主生产计划L259物料需求计划L268制造资源计划D256定货(订货)生产L249现货(备货)生产L250办公自动化L292原始设备制造商E311最优生产技术E300最优生产时刻表E301生产和决策管理信息系统L346产品数据管理L342计划评审技术L352产品生命周期管理E348项目管理353周期定量法L323合作伙伴关系管理F320计划时界L330自用交易网站F339粗能力计划L385关系数据库管理F372快速原形制造F367资源需求计划D380供应链管理L420供应链合作伙伴关系L421销售自动化L392快速换模法L408销售与运作规划L391结构化查询语言F417总体运营成本F428全面企业集成F429约束理论/约束管理L423全员生产力维护F431全面质量控制L432全面质量管理L433工作分解系统F448可扩展标记语言F153 ABC分类法T1作业成本法F2 ABC 库存控制D3反常需求D4定货费L5行为/活动(措施)信息D6活动报告标志D7作业成本集L8作业基准成本法/业务成本法L9实际能力D11调整现有库存量D12先进制造技术L13高级定价系统D16敏捷制造L17替代工序(工艺路线)D18拖期预报T19预期储备L20分摊码D23装配零件表D25自动仓储/检索系统C26计划自动重排T27可达到库存D28可用物料D29达到库存T30可利用工时T32平均库存D33欠交(脱期)订单L34倒排(序)计划/倒序排产?L35本位币D36批号D37批流程L38批量生产D39标杆瞄准(管理)sim F586工时清单D41提货单D42分库D44无时段系统L45业务框架D46经营规划L48能力利用水平L57能力负荷D58能力管理L59保管费L61保管费率D62单元式制造T63修改工序D64修改产品结构D65检查点sim D66闭环MRP L67通用工序标识T71组件(构件)开发技术F72并行(同步)工程L80会议室模拟L81配置代码D82进取不懈C84连续流程L85作业成本发生因素L86作业成本发生因素单位费用L87短缺损失L88成本滚动计算法L89班组规模D90急需零件D91紧迫系数L93关键工作中心L94累计提前期L95现有运转工时D96现有运转数量D97客户关怀D98客户交货提前期L99客户忠诚度F100客户订单号D101客户满意度F103客户状况D104周期盘点L105数据挖掘F106数据仓库F107偏置天数L108空负荷T109需求周期L112需求预测D113需求管理L114戴明环ext L116实际能力C117离散型生产L119调度D120分销需求计划L124直运C126催款信D127 ECO工作台D128在册员工D133员工税号D134最终产品D135工程变更方式标志D137工程变更通知D138设备分配D146设备管理D147例外控制D148呆滞物料分析D149急送代码T151外部集成F154加工订单T155工厂订单D156快速路径法D157补足欠交D158总装提前期D159成品D161有限顺排计划L163有限排负荷L164确认的计划订单L165确认计划需求时界L166定期用量法L168固定数量法D169固定时间法D170作业现场库存L172流水车间T173调焦预测T174顺排计划L175冻结码D176冷冻区D176冻结订单D177毛需求L179囤积库存L180在制品库存D183在库D184增值D185间接成本D186间接人工D187无限排负荷L189投入/产出控制L190检验标识D191完整性D192公司内部间D193厂际需求量T196库存周转率D197库存周期D197库存发放D198仓库库位类型D199库存报废量D200库存转移D201库存(资金)周转次数L202发票地址D203发票金额D204发票清单D205发放周期D206发送订单T207发放零件D208发放策略D209项目可供量D210项目说明D211项目编号D212项目记录T213项目备注D214项目状态D215加工车间L216作业步骤D217配套件项目D221人工工时D222延迟天数D223提前期L224提前期水平D225提前期偏置(补偿)天数D226最小单个工序平均时差C228单项产品T229应用模拟L230负荷量T231负荷报告T232仓位代码D233仓位备注T234仓位状况T235按需定货(因需定量法/缺补法)L236批量标识T237批量编号T238批号跟踪D239批量D240批量库存L241批量规划L242低层(位)码L243机器能力D244机时D245机器加载T246维护修理操作物料C247外购或自制决策D248例外管理法L251制造周期时间T253制造提前期D255制造标准D257主生产计划员L260物料L261物料可用量L262物料成本D263物料发放和接收D264物料管理L265物料经理L266物料主文件L267物料核定机构L269生产速率水平C270基于存储的处理速度F271最小库存余量L272现代物料搬运C273月累计D274传递时间L275 MPS登录标志T276多币制D277多场所D278多级D279多工厂管理F280多重仓位T281净改变法L282净改变式MRP T283净需求L284新仓位D285新组件D286新仓库D287后续编码D288后续编号D289不活动报告D290不可动用量C291急需的D293现有库存量D294挂起D295准时D296未清金额D298未结订单/开放订单L299订单活动规则D302订单地址D303订单输入T304定货点T305定货点法L306定货策略L307定货承诺T308定货备注T309定货者D310超量库位D312间接费分配L313间接费率L314所有者权益L315母件L316零件清单D317零件批次D318零件编号D319全员参治C321业绩评价L322实际库存D324领料/提货D325计划能力L326计划订单L327计划产出量L328计划投入量L329计划期/计划展望期L331使用点C332工作准则与工作规程L333价格调整D334发票价格D335物价水平D336采购订单价格D337优先计划D338流程制造D340产品控制D341产品系列D343产品搭配组合C344生产作业控制L345生产周期L347产品线D349产品率D350产品结构树T351预计可用库存(量)L354采购订单跟踪D355已分配量D356仓位数量T357欠交数量D358完成数量D359需求量D360毛需求量D361进货数量T362现有数量D363废品数量D364发货数量D365排队时间L366额定能力L368收款单据D369参考号D370重生成式MRP T371下达订单L373再订购点D374重复式生产(制造)L375替换零件D376需求能力L377请购单D378重排假设T379补库单L381返工单D382上滚D383粗资源计划D384舍入金额D386加工(运行)时间L387安全提前期L388安全库存L389保险期T390销售订单D393计划接收量(预计入库量/预期到货量)L394季节储备L395发送零件T396服务和支持D397维修件T398准备时间L399发运地址D400发运单联系人D401发货单D402工厂日历(车间日历)L403车间作业管理(控制)L404车间订单L405损耗因子(系数)D406单层物料反查表D407标准成本体系L409标准工时D410标准产品成本D411标准机器设置工时T412标准单位运转工时T413标准工资率T414状态代码D415库存控制T416建议工作单D418供应链L419同步制造/同期生产C422时段(时间段)L424时界L425时区L426领导承诺C427总提前期L430在途库存L434不利差异L435单位成本T436计量单位D437价值链L438增值链C439量差D440采购计划员/供方计划员L442采购计划法T443虚拟企业/公司L444产量差异L445等待时间L446反查用物料单L447工作中心能力L449工作流L450工作令T451工作令跟踪T452工作进度安排T453国际优秀制造业C454零库存T455456呼叫/联络/工作/成本中心abr X459联/副产品abr X460电子商务/电子商务/电子集市abr X461电子销售/电子采购/电子伙伴abr独立需求/相关需求件abr X462非/规范化管理系统abr X463互联网/企业内部网/企业外联网abr X464中间/硬/软/共享/固/群件abr X465追溯(反查)/配套出售件/净需求计算abr X466领料单(或提货单)/派工单/发料单abr X467预冲/倒冲法/完全反冲abr X468成品率/废品率/缩减率abr X469残料率（废品系数）/损耗系数abr fromchen470成本物料清单bom D472设计物料清单bom L473缩排式物料清单bom L474制造物料清单bom L475模块化物料清单bom L476计划物料清单bom L477单层物料清单bom D478汇总物料清单bom L479480账户余额cid D481账户代码cid D482分类账cid D483会计期间cid D484应付账款cid L485应收账款cid L486实际成本cid D487账龄cid D488到期余额cid D489现有余额cid D490资产负债表cid D491期初余额cid D492现金收付制cid D493银行存款cid L494现金cid L495支付给cid D496目录cid D497分类码cid D498结帐cid D499催款cid D500成本模拟cid D501成本核算cid D502流动资产cid L503流动负债cid L504现行标准成本cid C505明细cid D506汇票汇出cid D507年末cid D508期末可供量cid D509期末余额cid D510汇率cid D511费用cid D512财务会计cid L513财务实体cid L514财务报告cid D515财务报表cid D516财务期间cid D517财政年度cid D518固定资产cid L519外币金额cid D520损益cid D521平衡cid D523损益表cid D524无形资产cid L525分录cid D526管理会计cid L527手工调账cid D528应付票据cid L529应收票据cid L530其他应收款cid L531付款账龄cid D532工资支票cid D533缴款cid D534付款项目cid D535支付点cid D536支付状态cid D537付款方式cid D538催款单cid D539付款状态cid D540付款期限cid D541期间cid D542过账cid D543建议成本cid L544模拟成本cid L545开支差异cid L546明细账cid D547汇总cid D548税码cid D549税率cid D550增值税cid D551552截止日期dat D553修改批量日期dat D554结清日期dat D555调整日期dat D556有效日期dat D557修改日期dat D558结束日期dat D559截止日期dat560生产日期dat D561库存调整日期dat D562作废日期dat D563收到日期dat D564交付日期dat D565需求日期dat D566发货日期dat D567最早订单完成日期dat L568生效日期dat D569工程变更生效日期dat D570工程停止日期dat D571失效日期，报废日期dat D572起始日期dat D573最后运输日期dat T574需求日期dat D575新日期dat D576付款截止日期dat D577收到日期dat D578发运日期dat D579580已分配量sim D581字母数字sim C582批准者sim D583装配(件)sim D584未结订单/拖欠订单sim L585开单sim D587发票寄往地sim C588瓶颈资源sim L589散装sim D590采购员sim T591子件/组件sim L592客户sim D593交货sim D594需求sim D595说明sim D596离散sim D597工效学(人类工程学)sim L598设备、功能sim D599基本组件/特征件sim L600预测sim D601运费sim D602例假日sim D603实施sim D604配料、成分sim D605查询sim D606库存sim L607物料项目sim D608作业sim D609看板sim T610层次(级)sim D611负荷sim D612定位sim D613后勤保障体系；物流管理sim L614批次sim D615可选件sim L616逾期未付sim D617制造费用sim D618覆盖sim C619加班sim D620双亲(文件)sim D621零件sim D622虚拟件sim L623工厂，场所sim D624优先权sim D626优先权(级)sim D627采购sim628原形测试sim L629队列sim T630任务额，报价sim D631收款、收据sim D632全重排法sim C633汇款sim D634请购单sim L635退货sim D636滚动sim D637工艺线路sim L638计划表sim D639发运量sim D640交货地sim C641短缺sim D642损耗sim D643分摊sim D644报表sim D645子装配件sim D646供应商sim D647事务处理sim F648如果怎样-将会怎样sim C649650后减库存处理法ext T656前减库存处理法ext T657通用生产管理原则ext 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MTL4850 HART多路复用器安全手册说明书
FSM FUNCTIONAL SAFETY MANAGEMENTThese products are for use as sub-systems within a Safety System conforming to the requirements ofIEC61508:2010 and enable a Safety Integrity Level of up to SIL2 to be achieved for the instrument loopin a simplex architecture.Eaton is a certified Functional Safety Management company meeting the requirements of IEC61508 Part1:clause 62SM MTL4850 Rev 2This manual supports the application of the products in functional safety related loops. It must be used in conjunction with other supporting documents to achieve correct installation, commissioning and operation. Specifically, the data sheet, instruction manual and applicable certificates for the particular product should be consulted, all of which are available on the MTL web site.In the interest of further technical developments, Eaton reserve the right to make design changes.Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Application and function 3 1.2 Variant description 3 2 System configuration 4 2.1 Associated system components 5 3 Selection of product and implications 6 4 Assessment of functional safety 6 4.1 EMC 6 4.2 Environmental 6 5 Operation 7 6 Installation 7 7 Maintenance 7 8 Appendices 8 8.1 Appendix A: Summary of applicable standards and references 8 8.2 Appendix B: Certificate of functional safety 9MTL4850 HART® multiplexers SIL 33SM MTL4850 Rev 21 Introduction1.1 Application and functionThe MTL4850 HART multiplexer is used to create a two-way communications channel between numerous items of HART -enabled field equipment and a plant asset-monitoring/control system. Each multiplexer module can incorporate the HART data for up to 32 field channels into a single RS485 signal for onward linking to PC based instrument management software, thereby simplifying the wiring and reducing the cost-per-channel.The MTL4850 combines the functions of a HART modem, a power supply conditioner and all the necessarysignal-switching and addressing circuitry to multiplex the HART data. It provides a compact, convenient and cost-effective building block that can incorporated easily into both new and existing installations, especially as a partner for Eaton’s MTL4500 range of intrinsic safety interfaces. It is the modern version of our popular MTL4840 range and further simplifies the system.The MTL4850 multiplexer enables the user to gain access to valuable HART data provided by modern field devices in addition to the conventional 4/20mA loop signal provided by them. Many early process installation projects around the world did not take advantage of the data from HART -capable devices at start-up, so theMTL4850 offers a simple upgrade path to that data for asset management as well as the obvious live status and configuration information of the field devices.Most distributed control systems (DCS) now on the market incorporate the ability to pass HART communications information on the analogue input and output channels, but many safety systems (SIS and F&G) do not. Increasingly therefore, one of the main uses for the HART multiplexer is to provide HART communications for the field instruments connected to safety systems. In such implementations, it is crucial that the HART multiplexer does not interfere with the analogue loops of the safety system.1.2 Variant DescriptionThere are two versions of the product which are essentially the same but the modules differ in mounting in the following way:- MTL4850 is the general purpose Eaton product supplied in a blue enclosure- MTL4850-TR is supplied solely to Invensys (T riconex) in a black enclosure.Physically and electrically the products are the same but may contain different revision levels of the operating firmware. There is no difference between the products in regard to their application for functional safety.The functional safety assessment applies to MTL4850 with revision status 03 onwards and firmware version 1.02 onwards, as denoted on the product side label.MTL4850s on 64-channel HART Multiplexer PanelMTL4850 on 32-channel HART Termination Panel2 System configurationThe MTL4850 multiplexer may be used as part of an asset management system connecting to instrumentsignal loops that form part of a Safety Instrumented System up to SIL3. In general, the structure of such asystem is illustrated below.The HART multiplexer system provides access to the HART data in the field devices alongside the conventional4/20mA loops connecting them to the control or instrumentation system.“Capacitive isolation” is used to pick off the HART data from each ‘leg’ of the field signals. This ensures that theintegrity of each channel connection is unaffected by a component failure in another channel. As the multiplexerprovides a common bridge for the thirty-two channels that are connected to it, the importance of this signalseparation may be readily understood. This is particularly important when the multiplexer is associated withsignal loops that are feeding a safety shutdown system. It is critical that the integrity of the analogue loops forthe safety system is unaffected by any possible failures within the multiplexer.2.1 Associated System ComponentsThe connections onto the 4/20mA current signals that carry the HART data must be made through suitablewiring and terminations that preserve the separation and segregation of the idividual instrument loops.In process applications where the field signals use the intrinsic safety principle for explosion protection, theMTL4850 can be mounted together with the MTL4500 range of isolators on backplanes such as the CPH-SC16or the CPH-SC32. Alternatively, the isolators could be mounted on a backplane that is customised to suit aspecific instrument system, with the HART signals linked4SM MTL4850 Rev 25SM MTL4850 Rev 2to the multiplexer through multi-way cables. In this case, the MTL4850 would be mounted on an HMP-HM64 backplane which accepts HM64RIB20 multi-way ribbon cables from the backplanes.For applications that do not involve intrinsic safety, termination boards such as the HCU16 or HCU16AO provide the connection for the field and instrument system signals with the HM64RIB20 cables again linking to an HMP-HM64. In other instances the HTP-SC32 backplane offers a convenient mounting for the MTL4850 with connections available for 32 field and system signals.Refer to the instruction manual, INM4850, for details of all connection arrangements.3 Selection of product and implicationsThe transmission of HART data is not considered as part of the safety function and is excluded from this analysis, i.e. the HART functions of the MTL4850 are not to be used as a primary part of a safety system. An asset management software package, running on a PC and connected to the HART multiplexer, may be monitoring the health and performance of the field devices, or being used in a diagnostic role for example, but is not an integral part of the safety system.Protection against unintended changes to the configuration of the HART field devices must be employed either through the hardware of the devices using links or switches, or through firmware locks. Also the host management system running the communications to the HART multiplexers must include provision such as password protection to prevent re-configuration of the HART field devices by mistake.As the analogue signals carrying the HART data are part of a safety instrumented system, on-line changes to configuration, calibration or maintenance activity with the asset management system should be avoided. See also the need to ensure the integrity of the field signal connections explained in Section 5.Safety procedures must be put in place to ensure proper use of the configuration, calibration and maintenance facilities of the host software package with suitable verification of any changes made.Block diagram of MTL48504 Assessment of functional safetyThe MTL4850 HART multiplexer does not itself implement a safety function but may be applied alongsidemeasurement and control equipment that is providing a safety function.The multiplexer is designed to ensure that there is no effect on the analogue loops to which it is connected;multiple concurrent faults in the components that couple the MTL4850 to the analogue loops would have to bepresent before the isolation would be compromised.The design features, and the techniques/measures used to prevent systematic faults, make the MTL4850suitable for use in applications where the 4/20mA instrument loops, to which it is connected, are implementingsafety functions up to SIL3. Refer to the certificate for the method of assessment applied to avoid systematicfailures.The hardware assessment shows that MTL4850 HART Multiplexers:• have a hardware fault tolerance of 0• are classified as Type B devices• have no relevant internal diagnostic elements.**The random hardware failure rate of the MTL4850 at an ambient temperature of 60°C was determined asfollow:-The safe failure fraction is >90% (99%).It is assumed that the module is powered from a nominal 24V dc supply and at a maximum ambienttemperature of 45°C under normal conditions.There are no opportunities for external diagnostics to be applied to the MTL4850 HART multiplexer itself. Anymonitoring of the analogue loops to which it is connected must be conducted within the safety system.4.1 EMCThe MTL4850 modules are designed for operation in normal industrial electromagnetic environment but, tosupport good practice, modules should be mounted without being subjected to undue conducted or radiatedinterference, see Appendix A for applicable standards and levels.4.2 EnvironmentalThe MTL4850 modules operate over the temperature range from -40°C to +70°C, and at up to 95% non-condensing relative humidity.The modules are intended to be mounted in a normal industrial environment without excessive vibration,as specified for the MTL4850 and MTL45/5500 product ranges. See Appendix A for applicable standardsand levels.Continued reliable operation will be assured if the exposure to temperature and vibration are within the valuesgiven in the specification.** the multiplexer does in fact monitor the critical loop-connecting components, but it is not necessary forthese diagnostics to operate to achieve the SIL3 rating.6SM MTL4850 Rev 25 OperationRefer to the product instruction manual (INM4850) where details of the LED indications, in both normaloperation and under fault conditions, are given. A listing of the various messages recorded in the alarm/eventlogs, and their meanings, can also be found there.The design life for the MTL4850 product family is ten years, so provision should be made for replacement of theproducts within this expected lifetime.6 InstallationReference must be made to the relevant sections within the product instruction manual (INM4850) for theMTL4850 before installing these products.If the application involves intrinsic safety, then product instruction manuals INM4500 (MTL4500 range) orINM5500 (MTL5500 range) contain basic guides for the installation of the interface equipment to meet theserequirements.Provided that the installation requirements given in the manuals are followed then there are no additional factorsto meet the needs of applying the products for functional safety use.An important consideration for this equipment is that the analogue loops carrying the HART data form partof a safety system. All termination panels available from Eaton have been designed and manufactured with therequisite separation and segregation between channels to ensure the integrity of the signals that are connected tothe safety system.The connection and cabling employed for the loop signals must be implemented in accordance with local codesof practice and with the care necessary to preserve the sensitive nature of the signals. The selection, installation,inspection and protection of the cabling must be carried out with due regard for the routing, mechanical protectionagainst abrasion and any other damage that might cause interference with the safety signals.To guard against the effects of dust and water the modules should be mounted in an enclosure providing atleast IP54 protection degree, or the location of mounting should provide equivalent protection, such as inside anequipment cabinet.7 MaintenanceThe MTL4850 does not form part of a safety system and accordingly there is no requirement to conduct prooftesting of any safety function that it implements. For routine maintenance of the HART multiplexer system,refer to INM4850.To follow the guidelines pertaining to operation and maintenance of intrinsically safe equipment in a hazardousarea, yearly periodic audits of the installation are required by the various codes of practice.In addition, proof-testing of the loop operation to conform with functional safety requirements should be carriedout at the intervals determined by safety case assessment.Proof testing must be carried out according to the application requirements, but it is recommended that this becarried out at least once every three years.Note that there may also be specific requirements laid down in the E/E/PE operational maintenance procedurefor the complete installation.If an MTL4850 module is found to be faulty during commissioning or during the normal lifetime of the productthen such failures should be reported to the local MTL office. When appropriate, a Customer Incident Report(CIR) will be notified to enable the return of the unit to the factory for analysis. If the unit is within the warrantyperiod then a replacement unit will be sent.Consideration should be made of the normal lifetime for a device of this type which would be in the region of ten years.SM MTL4850 Rev 278 AppendiciesAppendix A: Summary of applicable standards and referencesThe annex lists together all standards referred to in the previous sections of this document:IEC61508:2010Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems.Parts 1 and 2, as relevant.EN61131-2:2003Programmable controllers – Part 2: Equipment requirement and tests (EMC requirements).EN61326-1:2006E lectrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use – E MC requirements.(Criterion A).EN 61326-3-1:2008E lectrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - E MC requirements -Part 3-1: Immunity requirements for safety-related systems and for equipment intended toperform safety-related functions (functional safety) - General industrial applications NE21 : 2007E lectromagnetic Compatibility of Industrial Process and Laboratory Control E quipment.(Criterion A).Reliability data for this analysis is taken from IEC TR 62380:2004 Reliability Data Handbook.Failure mode distributions are taken principally from IEC 62061:2005 Safety of Machinery.8SM MTL4850 Rev 29SM MTL4850 Rev 2 8.2 Appendix B: Certificate of functional safety10SM MTL4850 Rev 2SM MTL4850 Rev 21112SM MTL4850 Rev 2SM MTL4850 Rev 21314SM MTL4850 Rev 2This page is left intentionally blankSM MTL4850 Rev 215The given data is only intended as a product description and should not be regarded as a legal warranty of properties or guarantee. In the interest of further technical developments, we reserve the right to make design changes.EUROPE (EMEA): +44 (0)1582 723633 ********************THE AMERICAS: +1 800 835 7075 *********************ASIA-PACIFIC: +65 6645 9864 / 6645 9865 ***********************Eaton Electric Limited, Great Marlings, Butterfield, Luton Beds, LU2 8DL, UK.Tel: + 44 (0)1582 723633 Fax: + 44 (0)1582 422283E-mail:******************** © 2016 Eaton All Rights Reserved Publication No. SM MTL4850 Rev 2 151116November 2016AUSTRALIA MTL Instruments Pty Ltd, 10 Kent Road, Mascot, New South Wales, 2020, Australia Tel: +61 1300 308 374 Fax: +61 1300 308 463E-mail:*********************BeNeLux MTL Instruments BV Ambacht 6, 5301 KW Zaltbommel The Netherlands Tel: +31 (0) 418 570290 Fax: +31 (0) 418 541044E-mail:*********************CHINA Cooper Electric (Shanghai) Co. Ltd 955 Shengli Road, Heqing Industrial Park Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201201Tel: +86 21 2899 3817 Fax: +86 21 2899 3992E-mail:****************FRANCE MTL Instruments sarl,7 rue des Rosiéristes, 69410 Champagne au Mont d’Or France Tel: +33 (0)4 37 46 16 53 Fax: +33 (0)4 37 46 17 20E-mail:*******************GERMANY MTL Instruments GmbH, Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 12, 50170 Kerpen, Germany Tel: +49 (0)22 73 98 12 - 0 Fax: +49 (0)22 73 98 12 - 2 00E-mail:*******************INDIA MTL India, No.36, Nehru Street, Off Old Mahabalipuram Road Sholinganallur, Chennai - 600 119, India Tel: +91 (0) 44 24501660 /24501857 Fax: +91 (0) 44 24501463E-mail:***********************ITAL Y MTL Italia srl, Via San Bovio, 3, 20090 Segrate, Milano, ItalyTel: +39 02 959501 Fax: +39 02 95950759E-mail:******************JAPAN Cooper Crouse-Hinds Japan KK, MT Building 3F , 2-7-5 Shiba Daimon, Minato-ku,Tokyo, Japan 105-0012Tel: +81 (0)3 6430 3128 Fax: +81 (0)3 6430 3129E-mail:****************NORWA Y Norex AS Fekjan 7c, Postboks 147, N-1378 Nesbru, Norway Tel: +47 66 77 43 80 Fax: +47 66 84 55 33E-mail:*************RUSSIA Cooper Industries Russia LLC Elektrozavodskaya Str 33Building 4Moscow 107076, RussiaTel: +7 (495) 981 3770 Fax: +7 (495) 981 3771E-mail:*******************SINGAPORE Cooper Crouse-Hinds Pte Ltd No 2 Serangoon North Avenue 5, #06-01 Fu Yu Building Singapore 554911Tel: +65 6645 9864 / 6645 9865 Fax: +65 6 645 9865E-mail:***********************SOUTH KOREA Cooper Crouse-Hinds Korea 7F . Parkland Building 237-11 Nonhyun-dong Gangnam-gu,Seoul 135-546, South Korea.Tel: +82 6380 4805 Fax: +82 6380 4839E-mail:*******************UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Cooper Industries/Eaton Corporation Office 205/206, 2nd Floor SJ Towers, off. Old Airport Road, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Tel: +971 2 44 66 840 Fax: +971 2 44 66 841E-mail:*****************UNITED KINGDOM Eaton Electric Limited, Great Marlings, Butterfield, Luton Beds LU2 8DL Tel: +44 (0)1582 723633 Fax: +44 (0)1582 422283E-mail:********************AMERICAS Cooper Crouse-Hinds MTL Inc. 3413 N. Sam Houston Parkway W.Suite 200, Houston TX 77086, USA Tel: +1 281-571-8065 Fax: +1 281-571-8069E-mail:*********************。
allegro测量命令执行完之后显示如下图的问题是怎么回事
allegro测量命令执行完之后显示如下图的问题是怎么回事allegro中测量命令执行完之后显示如下图的问题是怎么回事？是软件安装的时候缺失了什么东西吗？出现这个窗口是因为user preference 设置了让allegro report 显示网页格式的，而你的软件不支持可以通过下面操作来避免Set up – user preference 。
搜索html ，把allegro_html取消勾选，再重启软件看看This section is describe what the function allegro have ,helpfully could let user know more about allegroAllegro Design and Analysis includes design authoringPCB layout and Library and Design Data ManagementWith. It can ensure the end-to-end design of PCB with high quality and efficiencyRealize smooth data transfer between tools, shorten PCB design cycle, and shorten productMarket time1. Design authoringProvide a flexible logic constraint driven flow, management design rules, network hierarchy,Bus and differential pair.1.1.1 Main features and functionsThrough hierarchical and design "derivation" function, improve the original of complex designMap editing efficiency.Powerful CIS helps users quickly determine part selection and accelerate design flowAnd reduce project cost.1.2.1 Main featuresSchematic designers and PCB design engineers can work in parallel. Advanced design efficiency improves functions, such as copying the previous schematic design Select multiplexing with or by page. Seamless integration into pre simulation and signal analysis.1.2.2 Main FunctionsProvide schematic diagram and HDL/Verilog design input.Assign and manage high-speed design rules.Support netclasses, buses, extension networks and differential pairs. Powerful library creation and management functions.Allows synchronization of logical and physical designs.Realize multi-user parallel development and version control.Pre integration simulation and signal analysis.Support customizable user interface and enterprise customization development.1.3 o Allegro n Design Publisher1.3.1 Main Features and FunctionsAllows you to share designs with others using PDF files.The entire design is represented in a single, compact PDF format. Improve design readability.Provide content control - users can select the content to be published.1.4 Allegro A FPGA m System Planner1 1.4.1 Main features and functionsComplete and scalable FPGA/PCB collaborative design technology forideal "Design and correct "pin assignment.Scalable FPGA/PCB protocol from OrCAD Capture to Allegro GXLSame as the design solution.Shorten the optimization pin allocation time and accelerate the PCB design cycle.2. B PCB layoutIt provides expandable and easy to use PCB design (including RFPCB) Then drive PCB design solution. It also includes innovative new automatic deliveryMutual technology can effectively improve the wiring of high-speed interfaces; Apply EDMD (IDX) mode, which makes ECAD/MCAD work smoothly; Execute modern industry standard IPC-2581,Ensure that the design data is simply and high-quality transferred to the downstream link.2.1.1 Main featuresSpeed up the design process from layout, wiring to manufacturing. Including powerful functions, such as design zoning, RF design functions and global design rules Stroke.It can improve productivity and help engineers to quickly move up to mass production* g- M4 G8 |6 }9 k7 G2.1.2 Main FunctionsProvide scalable full function PCB design solutions.Enable constraint driven design processes to reduce design iterations. Integrated DesignTrueDFM technology provides real-time DFM inspection. Provide a single, consistent context for management.Minimize design iterations and reduce overall Flex and rigid flexible designCost, and has advanced rigid and flexible design functions.Realize dynamic concurrent team design capability, shorten design cycle, and greatly reduceTime spent in routing, winding and optimization.Provide integrated RF/analog design and mixed signal design environment. Provides interactive layout and component placement.Provide design partitions for large distributed development teams. Realize real-time, interactive push editing of routing.It is allowed to use dynamic copper sheet technology to edit and update in real time.Manage netscheduling, timing, crosstalk, routing by designated layer and area Bundle.Provide proven PCB routing technology for automatic routing.Realize hierarchical route planning and accelerate the completion of design.Shorten interconnect planning and cabling time for high-speed interfaceintensive design.Provide a comprehensive, powerful and easy-to-use tool suite to help designersEfficient and successful manufacturing switch: DFM Checker is aimed at the company/manufacturerReview the specific rules of manufacturing partners; Used to reduce manufacturing and assembly documentsThe document editing time of the file can reach 70%; The panel editor will assemble the panel designThe intention is communicated to the manufacturing partners; Output design data in various manufacturing formats.3. y Library d and n Design a Data ManagementFor cost-effective projects that need to be delivered on time, it is easy to obtainCurrent component information and design data are critical. library and designData management is a collaborative control of the company's internal cooperation and design processAdvanced functions are provided. As the design cycle shortens and the complexity increases, youThere must be a design approach that increases predictability and accelerates design turnaround.3.1.1 Main featuresReduce time and optimize library development related resources. Improve the precision in the process of parts manufacturing. Q9 b3.1.2 Main functionsReduce time and optimize library development and validation through integrated creation and validation processes Certification related resources.A simple method to develop devices with large pin count can shorten the time from a few days to A few minutes.Powerful graphic editor supports custom shape and spreadsheet import forSchematic symbols are created to ensure the reliability and integrity of data.Supports the import of part information from general industry formats, allowing rapid creation and Update part information.Common library development environment supporting schematic tools from different suppliers, including Mentor Graphics Design Architect and Mentor Graphics Viewdraw。
药学英语第五版原文翻译
Introduction to PhysiologyIntroductionPhysiology is the study of the functions of living matter. It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the whole of life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry.Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology—the replication of the genetic code for or example—many are specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary to divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant physiology, and animal physiology.To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs. When it is clear that a specific physiological process has a common basis in a wide variety of animal species, it is reasonable to assume that the same principles will apply to humans. The knowledge gained from this approach has given us a great insight into human physiology and endowed us with a solid foundation for the effective treatment of many diseases.The building blocks of the body are the cells, which are grouped together to form tissues. The principal types of tissue are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular, each with its own characteristics. Many connective tissues have relatively few cells but have an extensive extracellular matrix. In contrast, smooth muscle consists of densely packed layers of muscle cells linked together via specific cell junctions. Organs such as the brain, the heart, the lungs, the intestines, and the liver are formed by the aggregation of different kinds of tissues. The organs are themselves parts of distinct physiological systems. The heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system; the lungs, trachea, and bronchi together with the chest wall and diaphragm form the respiratory system; the skeleton and skeletal muscles form the musculoskeletal system; the brain, spinal cord, autonomic nerves and ganglia, and peripheral somatic nerves form the nervous system, and so on.Cells differ widely in form and function but they all have certain生理学简介介绍生理学是研究生物体功能的科学。
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2.1 Tentative Solution (2/10) 2.1 Tentative Solution (2/10)
构件如何与Container协同，以完成远程调用？
答案： 客户端Container负责接收位于其中的构件发出的 remote call（locally），按照网络协议的要求包装 成一系列数据包，利用网络数据传输API发送这些数 据包；负责失败重传，与目标服务器上的服务端 Container协同保障可靠传输
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2.1 Tentative Solutions (1/10) 2.1 Tentative Solutions (1/10)
理想：分布构件的组装能够与同一进程空间 中简单构件的组装方式相同或类似，构件不 需要处理与网络协议直接相关的问题（远程 调用及其参数传送/接收、可靠传输，等） P1：与网络协议相关的处理由谁负责？
container
Component
stub
skeleton
container
Component
Client
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Internet
Server
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Great Ideas of Stub and Skeleton Great Ideas of Stub and Skeleton
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2.1 Tentative Solution (5/10) 2.1 Tentative Solution (5/10)
P2: 如何实现位置透明 & 迁移透明 P2.S2：为每个构件赋予唯一的逻辑名；集 中式名字服务 good or bad idea ?
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3.1.1 Implementation -- Enterprise Beans (1/7) 3.1.1 Implementation -- Enterprise Beans (1/7)
每一EJB构件都必须包含：
Remote Interface：定义业务方法 Home Interface：定义生命周期管理 方法 EJB Bean Class：实现Home Interface 和Remote Interface的实体类，可能 附带一些Helper classes
Naming Server container
Component
stub
skeleton
container
Component
Client
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Internet
Server
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2.1 Tentative Solution (6/10) 2.1 Tentative Solution (6/10)
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3.1.1 Implementation -- Enterprise Beans (2/7) 3.1.1 Implementation -- Enterprise Beans (2/7)
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3.1.1 Implementation -- Enterprise Beans (3/7) 3.1.1 Implementation -- Enterprise Beans (3/7)
remote call life cycle man. security man. persistence man. transaction man.
container context
Component
method callback Server
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2.2 Ideas 2.2 Ideas
container for components raising abstraction level (middleware) separation of concerns
developer ---- business logic only, simplify the development of distributed applications container ---- basic affairs common for all kinds of business logic
Component Technology Component Technology for Distributed Computing for Distributed Computing Environment (1/2) Environment (1/2)
Prof. Qingping Tan March 2010
good or bad idea ?
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2.1 Tentative Solution (8/10) 2.1 Tentative Solution (8/10)
P5：如何实现构件实例中部分数据持久化 P5.S1: Container负责实现持久化
Container如何知道哪些数据需要持久化？ 构件在部署时须向Container说明… Container负责实现构件实例中数据与DB中数 据的同步
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Outline Outline
1. Problems 2. Solution & Ideas 3. How to Implement the Solution 4. Any Room for Improvement ? 5. Further Problems & Readings
P3：如何管理分布构件的生命周期
P3.S1: 自行管理 [构件 + client] P3.S2: Container管理构件生命周期----负责 构件实例的creation、activation、 destruction
which one is better ?
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3.1.1 Implementation -- Enterprise Beans (4/7) 3.1.1 Implementation -- Enterprise Beans (4/7) Home Interface用于定义生命周期管 理方法：
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3.1 Implementation (1/2) 3.1 Implementation (1/2)
EJB is chosen to demonstrate the implementation, but the principles are suitable for other distributed component model (e.g. .Net, CORBA) Homework: study and compare the component model of EJB with those of .Net and CORBA
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2.1 Tentative Solution (3/10) 2.1 Tentative Solution (3/10)
构件与Container协同完成远程调用
服务端Container负责从网络端口接收来自客户端的 网络数据包，将它们组装为服务端构件可识别的 call，并传递给目标构件 来自客户端的网络数据包中包含目标构件的唯一标识 good or bad idea ?
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How do we get here ? How do we get here ?
分布构件
松耦合&标 准化组装
简单构件 大粒度构件, 接口与实现分离
2
OO
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Outline Outline
1. Problems 2. Solution & Ideas 3. How to Implement the Solution 4. Any Room for Improvement ? 5. Further Problems & Readings
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3.1 Implementation (2/2) 3.1 Implementation (2/2)
EJB是Java的服务端构件标准----通过构件模型在 开发者与container之间定义了一种协议，该协议 规定任务分工和接口标准：
构件负责业务逻辑，container提供基础和公共服务： 远程访问、生命周期管理、安全、并发控制、事务控 制、持久性管理等服务 将EJB构件部署至container时可以进行客户化配置 所有的构件具有标准的接口定义形式（容后详解）
good or bad idea ?
Copyrightative Solution (10/10) 2.1 Tentative Solution (10/10)
Container (application server)的职责
container
Internet
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2.1 Tentative Solution (7/10) 2.1 Tentative Solution (7/10)
境下必须重点关注的关键问题之一]
P4：如何确保安全 [安全问题是分布式计算环 P4.S1: Container负责确保对构件的访问 是安全的