科技英语阅读答案
高考英语阅读——科技类
科技类(1)With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That’s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five ye ars in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M’s C ollege of V eterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pa ndas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”1. The aim of “Noah’s Ark” project is to _______.A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandasB. save endangered animals from dying outC. collect DNA of endangered animals to studyD. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another2. According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.A. available panda eggsB. host animalsC. qualified researchersD. enough money3. The best title for the passage may be _______.A. China’s Success in Pandas CloningB. The First Cloned Panda in the WorldC. Exploring the Possibility to Clone PandasD. China —the Native Place of Pandas Forever4. From the passage we know that _______.A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dogB. scientists try to implant a panda’s egg into a rabbitC. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researchesD. about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century【答案与解析】本文讲述中国正在竭力克隆濒临绝种的熊猫，这和Texas A & M University 的Noah's Ark(诺亚方舟)工程极为相似，都是想拯救濒临灭绝的动物。
科技英语阅读习题答案汇总
Unit 1 MathematicsSection C Post-reading TaskVocabulary and Structure1. Word-buildingDirections: Give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets. Then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. Use each word once.discover— (suffix) symbol—(suffix)logic— (suffix) form—(suffix)correspond—(suffix) develop—(suffix)describe—(suffix) able—(prefix)contradict—(suffix) equal—(suffix)1) The math may not have been new, but Duchin enjoyed the process of_________, and she got towork collaboratively with half a dozen other math whizzes.( discovery)2) Packages can be sealed and can contain personal _________if it relates to the contents of thepackage.(correspondence)3) New research indicates that the brain region may prefer_________ notation to other numericrepresentations .(symbolic)4) To do this, an ideal model based on the _________ paradigm was constructed and then comparedwith a neutral model reflecting the further education system as it existed before the Act tookeffect.( equality)5) Is this not in flagrant _________to Einstein's rule that signals do not travel faster than the velocityof light?( contradiction)6) Sequential organization has the major advantage that the records are stored in a _________order, presumably that sequence to which the records are normally required for printing and for soft copy reports.( logical)7) The mathematical _________ of a zero-sum two-person game is not difficult to construct, anddetermining the optimal strategies and the value of the game is computationallystraightforward.( description)8) The proof we now know required the_________ of an entire field of mathematics that wasunknown in Fermat's time.( development)9) Williams adds that ma ny courses in geometry, ―the one high school class that demands_________ reasoning,‖ have already been ―gutted‖ and are no longer proof-based.( formal)10) The concept of total aircraft ownership will become increasingly important should the traditionaltrade structure be _________to cover the expanse of technologies economically.( unable)2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Change the form ifnecessary.1) The key to unraveling such apparent paradoxes is to characterize the initial set of possibilities("initial" meaning before you receive any extra information) and then to eliminate possibilities based on that extra information. (base)2) Indeed, this separation of meaning is reflected by the definition of "weak" in the OALD, with adistinct sense reserved for its use when pertaining to that of solutions (definition)3) The resulting radical pollution control programme outlined by Nixon, calling for a 90 per centreduction in vehicle emissions by 1980, not only led to him being credited (albeit briefly) as policy initiator of an environmental clean-up but also provided him with the chance to deal a blow to one of his most important opponents in the 1972 elections, Edmund Muskie (blow)4) Singapore's continuing investments in education and training has brought a tenfold increase in ourpool of Information Technology professionals and the Singapore worker has been consistently rated by BERI as the world's best in terms of technical skills, attitude and productivity. (term)5) In this work he was led to topology, a still new kind of mathematics related to geometry, and to thestudy of shapes (compact manifolds) of all dimensions. (lead)6) If there is no allowable string which spans the whole graph, then we can search in the same wayas described above, but wherever the required path does not exist in the tree, check if that position in the tree is flagged for end-of-word (way)7) During the past century, steps forward in physics have often come in the form of newly foundparticles; in engineering, more complex devices; in astronomy, farther planets and stars; in biology, rarer genes; and in chemistry, more useful materials and medications. (form)8) A second reason for measurements is the more theoretical, put by Love as " the discovery ofnumerical relations between the quantities that can be measured to serve as a basis for the inductive determination of the form of the intrinsic energy function. " (serve)9) Thus the optimum conditions for coastal terrace development would seem to be areas with smalltidal ranges. Finally, tidal range is an important factor in the generation of tidal currents which may locally become of geomorphological importance (become)10) The original double entrance doors to the booking hall had been replaced by an utterlyincongruous picture window as had adjacent booking hall and waiting room windows. (replace)3. Directions: Reorder the disordered parts of a sentence to make a complete sentence.1) A simple way to describe topology is as a 'rubber sheet geometry' — topologists study thoseproperties of shapes that remain the same when the shapes are stretched or compressed.2) Since the mid-1990s scientists have floated the idea that representations of numeric quantities,whether expressed as digits or as written words, are codified by the parietal cortex, a higher-processing region in the brain located just above the forehead.3) As activity was monitored, located just above the forehead ,researchers noted changes under theassumption that the brain reduces activity as it becomes accustomed to a stimulus and thenreactivates when a novel stimulus is presented.4) That has not stopped physicists from devising new algorithms for the devices, which can calculatea lot faster than ordinary computers—in fact, exponentially faster, in quite a literal sense.5) Such a device would be made of metamaterial, a thicket of metal rings or other shapes that bendslight in funny ways.4. Directions: Change the following sentences into nominalized ones.1) The passage of night could be marked by the appearance of 18 of these stars.2) The full proof of Fermat's Last Theorem is contained in these two papers.3) The concept of fixed-length hours, however, did not originate until the Hellenistic period.4) There is a probability that my first sock is red because only one of the remaining three socks isred.5) The importance of accurate data in quantitative modeling is central to using Bayes's theorem tocalculate the probability of the existence of God.Reading 22. Complete the sentences based on the text.1) The term Mandelbrot set is used to refer both to a general class of _________________ and to aparticular instance of such a set. （fractal sets）2) 2.In general, a Mandelbrot set marks the set of points in the _________________ such that thecorresponding Julia set is connected and not computable. （complex plane）3) "The" Mandelbrot set is the set obtained from the _________________ z_(n+1)==z_n︿2+c withz_0==c, where points in the complex plane for which the orbit of z_n does not tend to infinity are in the set. （quadratic recurrence equation）4) Setting z_0equal to any point in the set that is not a _________________ gives the same result.（periodic point）5) The Mandelbrot set was originally called a _________________ by Mandelbrot. J. Hubbard andA. Douady proved that the Mandelbrot set is connected（molecule）Language in Use1. Match the Chinese in the left column with the English in the right column.迭代函数iterative function优先权之争priority battle分形特征fractal properties有意义make sense以越来越小的规模重复同一模式patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales混沌理论chaos theory季刊a quarterly journal数学界the mathematics community波纹线crisp lines会议公报proceedings of a conference2. Join the following short sentences into longer ones.1) In addition to coining the term "fractal" to describe objects and surfaces which are irregular atvarious dimensions of scale, he also introduced such concepts as "fractal dimensions" and the particular fractal known as the Mandelbrot set, frequently represented with the mathematical formula z → z2 + c.2) It appeared that things were settling into a pleasant and fruitful routine, with hi s school lessonssupplemented by long talks with his uncle about classical analysis, the iterative work of Pierre Fatou and the equally fascinating Julia Sets generated by Gaston Julia3) Just as the youthful Mandelbrot had passed his college entrance exams by translating algebraicproblems into geometrical problems, and solving them by intuitively deducing the "perfected"shape, he here realized there was something deeper, something mathematical, be hind these strange patterns.4) But the beauty in Mandelbrot's models was not that they generated a deceitful randomness, butthat they could generate graphed data whose visual pattern accurately mimicked the visual patterns created by real phenomena。
科技英语阅读答案Unit 4
Unit 4 Electronic Information (Robots)Part I EST ReadingReading 1Section A Pre-reading TaskWarm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1.How does a QB work?QB has a speaker, microphone, camera, and video screen. It connects to the internet over Wi-Fi. You control it from your computer in a web browser, using a headset and screen. If you have a camera you can show live video of yourself, or you can show a still picture on bad hair days.2.Is driving a QB difficult? Is there a hand-held control device I can use with mycomputer to control the Anybot?It's pretty easy. You use the 4 arrow keys to make it turn, go forward or back. Its built-in guidance system takes care of the rest by avoiding furniture and people, and gliding straight through doorways. All the time you’re seeing real-time video from the robot’s head, so you know where you are. Most people get used to it in a few minutes.Not necessary, all you need is your keyboard.3.Is a Wi-Fi network in the home or business needed?Yes. You should have 802.11g access points for best results. You should use encryption –WPA2 is easiest. We find Meraki business-class access points work well and are affordable and easy to set up. They have long-range and outdoor models too.4.What kind of sensors does the Anybot have, and what is the resolution on the Anybotcamera?Two cameras, 3 microphones, lidar, a 3-axis gyroscope and encoders on the wheels. The main camera is 5 megapixels.5.How do you control or drive the Anybot?You should control or drive it through a web browser. You don't need any special equipment, but you’ll sound better with a headset.Section C Post-reading TaskReading Comprehension1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.Part 1 (Paras. 1-5): Brief introduction to the QBPara. 1: The appearance and advantages of the QB.Para. 2: The fields in which the QB will be applied.Para. 3: The composition of the QB.Para. 4: Useful designing makes the QB mobile and height-adjustable.Para. 5: The QB is designed for those who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places without sacrificing presence.Part 2 (Paras. 6-11): The test drive of the QBPara. 6: The objective and planned procedure of the test drive.Para. 7: The actual performance of the QB in completing the planned mission.Para. 8: The built-in lidar system and the camera enable the QB move smoothly.Para. 9: The Q B’s laser-pointer eye turned out to be useful when greeting people.Para. 10: A valuable lesson has been learned through the test drive: never drive outside the range of the Wi-Fi network.Para. 11: The QB slips down along the ramp when the Wi-Fi connection drops.2. Directions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1)What can a robot do in your daily life?They can move materials, parts, tools, or other specialized devices to perform a variety of tasks. Nowadays, they are also capable of attending meetings for you.2)What does a robot look like?Undoubtedly, different robots look differently. The QB just looks like a floor lamp mounted on a vacuum cleaner.3)Can a robot be remotely controlled? How?Yes, through a web browser.4)Have you ever heard of the QB?5)Have you seen any movies related to robots, do you believe that these robots will be createdand applied in the real life?6)Suppose that you were a businessman, how will you use it to bring customers in?7)Do you desire to have a QB of your own?3. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the wordsyou’ve learned in the text.QB —Anybots, Inc.’s newly unveiled surrogate robot will be available to the public soon. Despite its $15,000 price tag and its not-so-handsome appearance: it looks like a floor lamp mounted on a vacuum cleaner, the company believes that its high-tech will appeal to a new generation of workers who’d like to be in contact without sacrificing ―presence‖. The QB has a speaker, microphone, camera, laser pointer, lidar system and video screen. It connects to the internet over Wi-Fi, thus can be navigated remotely by an operator via his computer in a web browser, using a headset and screen. Although the operator cannot be there in person, if the operator has a camera he can show live video of himself, or he can show a still picture on bad hair days.Vocabulary and Structure1. Directions: Give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets. Then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. Use each word once.1)Collision avoidance, traditionally considered a high level planning problem, can beeffectively distributed between different levels of control, allowing real-time robot operations in a complex environment.2)It covers the higher level techniques of illumination, perspective projection, analyticalphotogrammetry, motion, image matching, consistent labeling, model matching, and knowledge-based vision systems.3)In 2006 Anybots unveiled a humanoid robot that walks like people do, without dependingon large feet for stability.4)An alternative is here put forward to counterbalance the present-day preoccupation withanthropomorphic series-actuated robot-arms.5)Criteria for avoiding undesirable robot-arm-configurations are touched upon, and certainaspects of the performance of in-parallel-actuated robot-arms are compared and contrasted with those of series-actuated arms.6)We have experimented with the planner using several computer-simulated robots,including rigid objects with 3 DOFs (in 2D work space) and 6 DOFs (in 3D work space) and manipulator arms with 8, 10, and 31 DOFs (in 2D and 3D work spaces).7)Robotics is concerned with the study of those machines that can replace human beings inthe execution of a task, as regards to both physical activity and decision making.8)In the course of centuries, human being have constantly attempted to seek substitutes thatwould be able to mimic their behavior in the various instances of interaction with the surrounding environment.9)By its usual meaning, the term automation interaction a technology aimed at replacinghuman being with machines in a manufacturing process, as regard not only the execution of physical operations but also the intelligent processing of information on the status of the process. (denotes)10) By virtue of its programmability, the industrial robot is a typical component ofprogrammable automated systems. Nonetheless, robots can be entrusted with tasks both in rigid automated systems and in flexible automated systems.2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Change the form if necessary.1)This is significant because it is not obvious that the theory can be extended to include anaccount of quantifier scope without an appeal to additional representational levels. A full account is clearly beyond the scope of the work, but this reviewer would have liked some reassurance that one is possible.2) A question that always arises when dealing with temporal information is the granularity ofthe values in the domain type.3)This paper shows how to compute linear and quadratic estimates to the variation of theloading margin with respect to any power system parameter or control.4)We have constructed an in vitro movement system in which purified single action filamentslabeled with fluorescent phalloidin are observed to move on myosin filaments fixed to a glass surface.5)It did not make sense for established companies to invest early in the disruptivetechnologies, because the margins tended to be much lower and the market was unproven.6)Although these studies and scores like them depend upon ecological correlations, it is notbecause their authors are interested in correlations between the properties of areas as such.7)They suggest that having an expressive face and indicating attention with movement both makea robot more compelling to interact with.8) A total of 56 adults with diabetes were randomized to receive diabetes education in person(control group) or via telemedicine (telemedicine group) and were followed prospectively.9)Since in many applications, enormous amounts of unlabeled data are available with littlecost, it is therefore natural to ask the question that in addition to human labeled data, whether one can also take advantage of the unlabeled data in order to improve the effectiveness of a of a machine-learned categorizer.10)If two bursts of equal priority contend with each other, then the tail segments of the originalburst are dropped.3. Directions: Reorder the disordered parts of sentences to make a complete sentence.1)Given that robots generally lack muscles, they can't rely on muscle memory (the trick thatallows our bodies to become familiar over time with movements such as walking orbreathing) to help them more easily complete repetitive tasks.2)For autonomous robots, this can be a bit of a problem, since they may have toaccommodate changing terrain in real time or risk getting stuck or losing their balance.3)One way around this is to create a robot that can process information from a variety ofsensors positioned near its ―legs‖ and identify different patterns as it moves, a team of researchers report Sunday in Nature Physics.4)Some scientists rely on small neural circuits called "central pattern generators" (CPG) tocreate walking robots that are aware of their surroundings.5)Some researchers are leading a project that has created a six-legged robot with one CPGthat can switch gaits depending upon the obstacles it encounters.4. Directions: Change the following sentences into the passive-voice ones.1) A novel twist is introduced on this traditional approach (by the new field of experimentalphilosophy).2)The search to understand peopl e’s ordinary intuitions is continued (by experimentalphilosophers).3)This is accomplished by using the methods of contemporary cognitive science —experimental studies, statistical analyses, cognitive models, and so forth.4)Just in the past year or so, this new approach has been being applied (by a number ofresearchers) to the study of intuitions about consciousness.5)How people think about the mind can be better understood by studying how people thinkabout three different types of abstract entities.Discourse Understanding1. G.2. F.3. E.4. D.5. C.Reading 2Section A Pre-reading TaskWarm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1. Do you have any idea about the Middle Ages? And the Dark Ages in human history?The Middle Ages (adjectival form: medieval) is a period of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The period followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, and preceded the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period in a three-period division of history: Classical, Medieval, and Modern. The term "Middle Ages" (medium aevum) was coined in the 15th century and reflects the view that this period was a deviation from the path of classical learning, a path supposedly reconnected by Renaissance scholarship.The concept of a Dark Age originated with the Italian scholar Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) in the 1330s, and was originally intended as a sweeping criticism of the character of Late Latin literature.Petrarch regarded the post-Roman centuries as "dark" compared to the light of classical antiquity. Later historians expanded the term to refer to the transitional period between Roman times and the High Middle Ages, including not only the lack of Latin literature, but also a lack of contemporary written history, general demographic decline, limited building activity and material cultural achievements in general. Popular culture has further expanded on the term as a vehicle to depict the Middle Ages as a time of backwardness, extending its pejorative use and expanding its scope.2. How does the term Dark Ages relate to the Middle Ages?Dark Ages is a term referring to the perceived period of both cultural and economic deterioration as well as disruption that took place in Western Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire.The word is derived from Latin saeculum obscurum (dark age), a phrase first recorded in 1602.The label employs traditional light-versus-darkness imagery to contrast the "darkness" of the period with earlier and later periods of "light". Originally, the term characterized the bulk of the Middle Ages as a period of intellectual darkness between the extinguishing of the light of Rome, and the Renaissance or rebirth from the 14th century onwards.This definition is still found in popular usage,but increased recognition of the accomplishments of the Middle Ages since the 19th century has led to the label being restricted in application. Today it is frequently applied only to the earlier part of the era, the Early Middle Ages. However, most modern scholars who study the era tend to avoid the term altogether for its negative connotations, finding it misleading and inaccurate for any part of the Middle Ages.3. What do you imagine a Digital Dark Age refer to?(Open)4. Are there any observations indicating that we are living in a digital dark age?Any one or two of the following observations will be acceptable.Enormous amounts of digital information are already lost forever. Digital history cannot be recreated by individuals and organizations cannot recreate a digital history because it was not archived or managed properly or it resides in formats that cannot be accessed because the information is on out-dated word-processor files, old database formats, or saved on readable media. Many large data-sets in governments and universities world-wide have been made obsolete by changing technologies (think punch cards and 12‖ floppy disks) and will either be lost or subject to expensive ―rescue‖ operations to save the information. Unsurprisingly, the Report of the Task Force on Archiving of Digital Information has identified in itsrecommendations, the development of ―effective fail-safe mechanisms to support the aggressive rescue of endangered digital information.‖There will be a demographic bulge of electronic materials coming into libraries and archives as the Baby Boom generation of authors and academics begin to wind down their careers and begin off-loading their materials to various libraries and archives. These materials will come to libraries on a wide-variety of storage devices, perhaps even in entire computer systems, and will probably have equally significant paper collections associated with them. To assist the archivist of 2015, we need to find methods for helping organize this information today.Information technologies are essentially obsolete every 18 months. This dynamic creates an unstable and retrieve unpredictable environment for the continuance of hardware and software over a long period of time and represents a greater challenge than the deterioration of the physical medium. Many technologies and devices disappear as the companies that provide them move on to new product lines, often without backwards compatibility and ability to handle older technologies, or the companies themselves disappear.There is a proliferation of document and media formats, each one potentially carrying their own hardware and software dependencies. Copying these formats from one storage device to another is simple. However, merely copying bits is not sufficient for preservation purposes: if the software for making sense of the bits (that is for retrieving, displaying, or printing) is not available, then the information will be, for all practical purposes, lost. Libraries will have to contend with this wide variety of digital formats. Many digital library collections will not have originated in digital form but come from materials that were digitized for particular purposes. Those digital resources which come to libraries from creators or other content providers will be wildly heterogeneous in their storage media, retrieval technologies and data formats. Libraries which seek out materials on the Internet will quickly discover the complexity of maintaining the integrity of links and dealing with dynamic documents that have multimedia contents, back-end script support, and embedded objects and programming.Financial resources available for libraries and archives continue to decrease and will likely do so for the near future. The argument for preserving digital information has not effectively made it into public policy. There is little enthusiasm for spending resources on preservation at the best of times and without a concerted effort to bring the issues into the public eye, the preservation of digital information will remain a cloistered issue. The importance of libraries has been diminished in the popular press as the pressures from industry encourage consumers to see libraries as anachronistic while the Internet and electronic products such as Microsoft Encarta are promoted as inevitable replacements. Until this situation changes, libraries and archives will continue to be asked to do more with less both in terms of providing traditional library services, as well as new digital library services: preservation will have to encompass both kinds of collections.Increasingly restrictive intellectual property and licensing regimes will ensure that many materials never make it into library collections for preservation. These will be corporate assets and will not be deposited into public collections without substantive financial and licensing arrangements that few libraries will be able to afford. From a positive perspective, this fact will allow libraries to essential ignore the preservation question for many kinds of key informationresources (examples will include newspapers, electronic serials, directories) as these may be preserved by their corporate owners. The flip-side of this argument is whether corporate owners will develop a public-spirited interest in providing this archival role for future generations and whether the resources will be accessible to the public.The archiving and preservation functions within a digital environment will become increasingly privatized as information continues to be commodified. Companies will be the place where the most valuable information is retained and preserved, and this will be done only suffice as there is a corporate recognition of the information as an asset. But companies have no binding commitment to making information available over a long-term. Those librarians that suggest legal deposit is the means for addressing this issue are not likely to be successful. As a full discussion of this topic is beyond the scope of this paper, let it suffice to state that libraries would have a very limited ability to cope with the volume and variety of digital resources that publishers could potentially dump on them. Still more problematic are the rights management and access control issues that content providers will require demands which strongly argue that legal deposit in a digital era will have limited effectiveness. Libraries will be the archive of last resort and will b e repositories of ephemera and ―public domain‖ information those materials considered as largely without commercial value.The Commission on Preservation and Access suggests that the first line of defense against the loss of valuable digital information rests with the creators, providers and owners of digital information. This fact is a critical one for preservation purposes as it strongly suggests that the role that librarians and archivists must play will be an increasingly public one. Preservation is a desktop issue, not merely an institutional one. The role of preservationists must be to interact with users and to address preservation and information management issues on their desktops, not the archivists desktop.Standards will not emerge to solve fundamental issues with respect to digital information. The challenge in preserving electronic information is not primarily a technological one, it is a sociological one. The dynamism of the market for information technologies and products ensures the fundamental instability of hardware and software primarily because product obsolescence is often key to corporate survival in a competitive capitalist democracy. Product differentiation manifests itself at the very level of the document standard. Proprietary systems provide commercial enterprises with profitable products whereas static (i.e. preservable) formats do not create a continuing need for upgrading which software and hardware companies depend upon. This situation conspires against standards that create a stable nexus of hardware, software, and administration.Libraries and archives will be required to continue their existing archival and preservation practices as the current paper publishing boom continues. Clearly, digital collections are not going to be a substitute for existing and future library collections and plans must be made to accommodate both. A significant concern of libraries and archives is that the financial resources necessary to address expensive IT upgrades, embark on data rescue operations, and undertake digital preservation will have detrimental impacts on other aspects of library and archival operations such as building collections and providing services for the public.Section C Post-reading TaskReading and Understanding1. Choose the best summary of the passage.C2. Complete the sentences based on the text.1) Within this hyperbolic environment of technology euphoria, there is a constant, albeitweaker, call among information professionals for a more sustained thinking about the impacts of the new technologies on society.2) Many large data-sets in governments and universities world-wide have been made obsoleteby changing technologies and will either be lost or subject to expensive ―rescue‖ opera tions to save the information.3) There is a proliferation of document and media formats, each one potentially carrying theirown hardware and software dependencies.4) Those digital resources which come to libraries from creators or other content providers willbe wildly heterogeneous in their storage media, retrieval technologies and data formats.5) Libraries which seek out materials on the Internet will quickly discover the complexity ofmaintaining the integrity of links and dealing with dynamic documents that have multimedia contents, back-end script support, and embedded objects and programming.6) Increasingly restrictive intellectual property and licensing regimes will ensure that manymaterials never make it into library collections for preservation.7) Companies will be the place where the most valuable information is retained and preserved,and this will be done only suffice as there is a corporate recognition of the information as an asset.8) Libraries and archives will be required to continue their existing archival and preservationpractices as the current paper publishing boom continues.Language in Use1.Match the Chinese in the left column with the English in the right column.2. Join the following short sentences into longer ones.1)The only way to resolve these questions conclusively would be to engage in seriousscientific inquiry—but even before studying the scientific literature, many people have pretty clear intuitions about what the answers are going to be.2) A person might just look at a computer and feel certain that it couldn’t possibly be feelingpleasure, pain or anything at all; that’s why we don’t mind throwing a broken computer in the trash.3)In the jargon of philosophy, these intuitions we have about whether a creature or thing iscapable of feelings or subjective experiences—such as the experience of seeing red or tasting a peach—are called ―intuitions about phenomenal consciousness.‖4)This approach was taken up in experimental work by Justin Sytsma, a graduate student,and experimental philosopher Edouard Machery at the University of Pittsburgh and in work by Larry (Bryce) Huebner, a graduate student at UNC-Chapel Hill, and all of the experiments arrived at the same basic answer.5)To test this hypothesis, we can look to other kinds of entities that might have mental statesbut do not have bodies that look anything like the bodies that human beings have.3. Translate the sentences into Chinese.1)众多技术权威声称因特网具有革命性，改变着一切；随着这种言论，我们这个时代的一般趋势似乎认为历史已经停滞不前。
科技英语阅读考试答案
1.How common are other civilizations in the universe? This question has fascinated humanityfor centuries, and although we still have no definitive answer, a number of recent developments have brought it once again to the fore. Chief among these is the confirmation, after a long time wait and several false starts, that planet exist outside our solar system.外星文明在宇宙中是普遍存在的吗？这个问题已经困扰了人类几个世纪。
虽然我们到现在也不能给出一个确定的回答，但是最近的一些科技进展再一次把这个问题推到了风口浪尖。
其中最重要的，就是经过了漫长的等待和无数错误的尝试，我们终于确认了地外行星的存在。
2.By the time the debris settled and the collective misery was tallied, the devastation had insome respects exceeded even that of El Nino of 1982-1983, which killed 2,000 worldwide and caused about 13 billion dollars in damage.一切尘埃落定之后，人们开始统计此次厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。
这次毁灭性的灾难造成的损失在某些方面更甚于1982到1983年间的厄尔尼诺现象，那次在世界范围内有2000余人遇难，导致的经济损失高达130亿美元。
3.The sun had set 12 minutes earlier, and twilight was waning on the northern coast of PapuaNew Guinea. It was July 17, 1998, and another tranquil Friday evening was drawing to a close for the men, women and children of Sissano, Arop, Warapu and other small villages on the peaceful sand spit between Sissano Lagoon and the Bismarck Sea.太阳在12分钟前就已经落山了，铺洒在巴布亚新几内亚北岸的暮色渐渐的减弱。
科技英语阅读试题及答案
科技英语阅读试题及答案一、阅读理解阅读下面的文章，然后回答1-5题。
A New Era in Space ExplorationThe exploration of space has always been a fascinating endeavor for humanity. With the recent advancements in technology, we are now entering a new era of space exploration. Private companies are taking the lead, and the cost of launching satellites and sending payloads into space has significantly decreased. This has opened up opportunities for a wider range of scientific research and commercial applications.1. What is the main theme of the passage?A. The cost of space explorationB. The role of private companies in space explorationC. The history of space explorationD. The new era of space exploration2. According to the passage, what has changed in the field of space exploration?A. The number of countries involvedB. The type of technology usedC. The leadership of government agenciesD. The cost and accessibility3. What does the author suggest about the future of space exploration?A. It will be limited to government projectsB. It will be more expensiveC. It will involve more scientific research and commercial applicationsD. It will be less technologically advanced4. What is the significance of the phrase "taking the lead"in the context of the passage?A. It refers to the government's role in space explorationB. It indicates that private companies are now leading the wayC. It suggests that the cost of space exploration is increasingD. It implies that technology is becoming less important5. What can be inferred from the passage about the impact of the new era of space exploration?A. It will lead to a decrease in scientific researchB. It will result in fewer commercial applicationsC. It will make space exploration more accessibleD. It will limit the opportunities for technological advancements答案：1. D2. D3. C4. B5. C二、词汇理解Read the following sentences and choose the best word to fill in the blanks.6. The development of new materials has _______ theefficiency of many electronic devices.A. enhancedB. reducedC. maintainedD. limited7. Scientists are constantly _______ new methods to study the universe.A. discoveringB. forgettingC. ignoringD. dismissing8. The use of renewable energy sources has _______ the reliance on fossil fuels.A. increasedB. decreasedC. stabilizedD. intensified9. The _______ of artificial intelligence in various fields has revolutionized the way we work and live.A. integrationB. disintegrationC. limitationD. prohibition10. The _______ of the project was delayed due to unexpected technical issues.A. implementationB. terminationC. initiationD. culmination答案：6. A7. A8. B9. A10. A三、完形填空Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable word from the options provided.In recent years, the field of robotics has seen a remarkable _______ (11) in its capabilities. This is largely due to the _______ (12) of advanced sensors and artificial intelligence. Robots are now capable of performing complex tasks that were once thought to be the exclusive domain of humans. However, there are concerns about the _______ (13) of job displacementas robots become more proficient.11. A. increaseB. decreaseC. stagnationD. fluctuation12. A. integrationB. exclusionC. obsolescenceD. abandonment13. A. possibilityB. impossibilityC. inevitabilityD. uncertainty答案：11. A12. A13. A四、翻译Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.14. The breakthrough in nanotechnology has paved the way for the development of new medical treatments.15. The application of blockchain technology is not limitedto financial services; it has the potential to transform various industries.答案：14. 纳米技术的重大突破为新医疗方法的发展铺平了道路。
高考英语阅读理解复习-科技类20篇(含解析)
科技类词汇对应阅读passage1A snake﹣robot designer，a technologist，an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean？Like a think﹣tank panel，members of the team dream up far﹣out answers to the crucial problem，such as self﹣driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than100ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become"projects"with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.In the past60years，something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展），the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor，but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the1970s.John Fernald，an economist，points out that the notable exception to the post﹣1970decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology﹣information technology.John Fernald says，"It's possible that productivity took off，because we picked all the low﹣hanging fruit from the IT wave."Actually，the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT.But where will the next technology shock come from？Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities﹣invention and innovation.Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs，while innovation is an invention put to commercial use.Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions；while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation，invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.Allowing well﹣funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet.Today，we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research，while complaining about the harvest."Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists，not the rush to market，"says Jon Gertner，the author of The Idea Factory."Technology is a tall tree，"John Fernald said."But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills，often mastered by different organizations and separated by manyyears."As for me，both of them are essential for technology，although they are relatively independent.I don't think X is a planter or a harvester，actually.It is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what，if anything，the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.But they're reaching.At least someone is.（1）What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs？A．To present the process of group discussion.B．To illustrate X's worry about big problems.C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.（2）What can we learn from the passage？A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.（3）Regarding John Fernald's view on technology，the author is.A．supportiveB．cautiousC．uncertainD．critical（4）What can be inferred about X from the passage？A．It will focus on innovation.B．It will have its outcome soon.C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.【分析】这是一篇说明文。
2023届高考英语阅读理解专练(1)科技类
（1）科技类一、Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions. This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn’t produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air. The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge.ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生产商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.1.What is special about ZEM?A. It can end the world’s CO2 release.B. It can raise the truck’s CO2 emissions.C. It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air.D. It can absorb dirty air as well as CO.2.Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2?A. To demonstrate a wonderful vision of ZEM cars.B. To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do.C. To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.D. To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.3.What do we know about all the components of ZEM?A. They are of high quality.B. They are easy to process.C. They are convenient to print.D. They are environmentally friendly.4.What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future?A. Sharp decline in fuel consumption.B. Mass production of ZEM cars.C. Big success in beating other car makers.D. Dramatic changes in transportation.二、The next time San Francisco residents stop a taxi, they may step into a car with no one behind the wheel. Driverless taxis are now allowed to come on the city's streets. On June 2, 2022, Cruise, a division of General Motors (GM), was approved to charge for rides in its self-driving cars, becoming the first company allowed to operate commercial driverless cars in a major US city.Though Cruise is regarding it as a big win, its self-driving cars aren't totally free to run on the streets of San Francisco as they please. Cruise vehicles will be limited to transporting passengers in less crowded areas of the city between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. The speed limit is 30 mph. They are also not allowed to operate in heavy rain or fog. The rules are meant to reduce any injuries or accidents.Cruise plans to launch the service gradually with a team of just 30 cars. The first robotaxis will be improved versions of GM's Chevrolet Bolt. However, the company is seeking approval to get its custom-built Cruise Origin on public roads. The driverless electric vehicle has no wheels or pedals(踏板) and can attain highway speeds. The car consists mostly of a sitting space, where passengers can face each other.Cruise's ability to obtain the commercial permit to operate is a big step forward. However, the company still has to convince passengers that its technology is safe. Many remain concerned about safety. A 2021 survey by the American AutomobileAssociation found that 74 percent of Americans are afraid to ride in a self-driving vehicle.It remains to be seen how the new driverless taxi experiment will play out in San Francisco. But based on the vast number of companies that are racing to develop self-driving vehicles and the tens of thousands of people on waitlists for robotaxi rides, the Cruise pioneering program is at least set for popularity, if not success.5.What can we learn about the Cruise's driverless ride services?A. The services have turned out to be a great success.B. The services receive great support from the public.C. The services have run in some major cities of the USA.D. The services are limited to some regions of San Francisco.6.What does the author describe in detail in paragraph 3?A. The feature of Cruise Origin.B. The future of self-driving cars.C.The original plan of the company.D. The new version of Chevrolet Bolt.7.What is the attitude of most Americans towards the self-driving taxis?A. Doubtful.B. Opposed.C.Favourable.D.Unconcerned.8.What can be the best title of the text?A. Cruise Offers Free Self-driving Ride ServicesB. Self-driving Cars Are Coming to San FranciscoC. Self-driving Vehicles Are Popular in Major CitiesD. Companies Begin to Charge for Rides in Self-driving Cars三、Among thousands of emperor penguins in Atka Bay, a yellow robot named ECHO swiftly creeps over the Antarctic environment and patiently observes the birds.Since 2017, ECHO has collected tracking data from microchips taped to the penguins' feathers. "We all know that the world is changing, and that change will have dramatic effects on biodiversity and ecosystems, especially in very remote areas, like Antarctica," says Daniel Zitterbart, a researcher at the Marine Animal Remote Sensing Lab to Popular Science. "To understand if that's true or not, we need to start monitoring those systems very closely now."Scientists must physically capture and tag(加标签) each bird on their backs to track penguins. Each tag is a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) system that works in a similar way to the microID chips fixed on pets' backs. But to gather data on the chips,scientists have to get close enough to the devices to scan them, and the weather may be too harsh for humans to go out in the field.ECHO gets rid of these issues by acting as a mobile observatory that can monitor thousands of penguins each year. The robot can easily roll up to the penguins and scan the tags without introducing a harmful human footprint in an already vulnerable ecosystem or affecting the colony. The robot is equipped with LIDAR, or light detection and ranging, and a 360-degree camera that can detect penguins on vast areas and uses an antenna(天线) to read each penguin's chip."As a human, you cannot walk around and try to scan 15,000 or 24,000 penguins each year, and it's impossible," Zitterbart tells Popular Science. "The amount of data we can gather through ECHO is something we would never be able to achieve with any other method in this place."Researchers say the penguins do not seem to be afraid of ECHO and don't mind it when it comes near. By tracking the colonies' behaviors over time, researchers can observe how penguins adapt and follow where they go to forage(觅食).In turn, these data points can also determine the true size of marine protected areas.9.What does Daniel Zitterbart stress in paragraph 2?A. The working principle of ECHO.B.The biodiversity in the Antarctic.C. The possible effects of climate change.D.The necessity of ECHO in his research.10.What's one advantage of using ECHO?A. It leaves behind no harmful traces.B. It tags the penguins automatically.C. It analyzes collected data on its own.D. It's able to scan the tags in the distance.11.How do the emperor penguins react to ECH0?A.They care little about it.B. They are frightened by it.C.They show much interest in it.D. They choose to stay away from it.12.What does the text mainly talk about?A. Robots assist researchers in the Antarctic.B.Robot lives among penguins in the Antarctic.C. Antarctica could lose most of its penguins.D. Antarctic penguins adapt to climate change.四、Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth's vital resource. By using advanced microwave radartechnology, it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe. It's really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface.The major mission is to explore how oceans absorb atmospheric heat and CO2 in a natural process that adjusts climate change. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere by human—caused greenhouse gases. Swot will scan(查看) the seas and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations(高度) around smaller currents and eddies(漩涡), where much of the oceans' decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. "Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it," said Nadya Shiffer, Swot's program scientist.By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one—dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation(外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible."Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it's giving us a map of elevations, and that's just a total game changer," said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader.13.What do the underlined words "vital resource" in the first paragraph refer to?A. Technology.B. Climate.C. Oceans.D. Water.14.What is the major mission of Swot satellite?A. To explore where oceans absorb heat and CO2.B. To explain why greenhouse gas comes into being.C. To identify when global warming is worsened.D. To study how oceans influence climate change.15.What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely?A. The high-definition computer.B. Advanced radar technology.C. The three-dimensional image.D. An accurate map of elevations.16.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. First Global. Water Survey from SpaceB. Successful Launch of Swot SatelliteC. A Breakthrough in Space TravelD. A Solution to Climate Change五、The Legacy Senior Communities is proud to announce the latest innovation in senior living care is coming to its Dallas and Plano campuses, the TrueLoo® smart toilet by Toi Labs. “We're consistently exploring new technologies to ensure that we are provid ing excellent care in the most effective and efficient ways,” says Legacy Senior Communities CEO Melissa Orth.“The TrueLoo® smart toilet provides early detection of oncoming health complications before they become serious, and all in a dignnified and valuable manner. This improves our care response and can potentially avoid a potential health complication altogether,” says Orth. “The innovative toilet automates data collection and enables clinical team members to keep track of the residents around the clock without uncomfortable conversations with them about their toileting habits. Investing in TrueLoo® technology enables a higher standard of care with dignity,” says Vik Kashyap, Toi Labs' founder and CEO.In assisted living and memory support residences, where toileting activity is harder to collect, the TrueLoo® smart toilet provides effortless collection, enhancing current services as well as residents' experience. The Legacy Senior Communities begins testing the units in early March. The pilot program will launch in Memory Support at the Kalman and Ida Wolens Foundation Healthcare Center at the Willow Bend community and at the Midtown Park community's Andrea &Richard Skibell and Leslie Rudd Healthcare Center. The communities will continue manual monitoring to establish a control group during this trial period. The resulting data will enable The Legacy to benchmark the ability of the smart toilet.“We decided to trial the smart toilet in two different service areas,” said Director of Strateg ic Development Bridgette Walshe. “We want to ensure that this technology is non-invasive(非侵入性的) while providing accurate and relevant data.” Walshe believes that artificial intelligence is one potential means to cost-effectively improve senior care services, freeing up valuable time for clinical team members to provide more person-centric care.17.How can the TrueLoo® smart toilet benefit seniors?A. By improving their toileting habits.B. By identifying their potential health issues.C. By calling clinical team members for them at any time.D. By informing care workers of their desire to use a toilet.18.What can best conclude Kashyap's words about his company's product?A. It is quality-centered.B. It is safety-guaranteed.C. It is privacy-ensured.D. It is comfort-focused.19.What does the underlined word “benchmark” in paragraph 4 most probably mean?A. Measure.B. Recognize.C. Demonstrate.D. Improve.20.What is Walshe's attitude to the toilet?A. Hopeful.B. Critical.C. Tolerant.D. Contradictory. 六、Brain implants can translate internal speech into external signals, permitting communication from people with paralysis(瘫痪) or other diseases that steal their ability to talk or type. New results from two studies, presented November 13 at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, "provide additional evidence of the extraordinary potential" that brain implants have for restoring lost communication, says neuroscientist Leigh Hochberg.Some people who need help communicating can currently use devices that require small movements, such as eye gaze changes. Those tasks aren't possible for everyone. So the new study targeted internal speech, which requires a person to do nothing more than think."Implanted in the brain, our device predicts internal speech directly, allowing the patient to just focus on saying a word inside their head," says Sarah Wandelt, a neuroscientist at Caltech. Internal speech "could be much simpler than requiring the patient to spell out words or mouth them." Neural signals associated with words are detected by electrodes(电极) implanted in the brain. The signals can then be translated into text, which can be made audible by computer programs that generate speech.In the study, Wandelt and fellow workers could accurately predict which of eight words a person who was paralyzed below the neck was thinking. Electrodes picked up nerve cell signals in his posterior parietal cortex, a brain area involved in speech and hand movements. That approach is "really exciting, and enhances the power of bringing together fundamental neuroscience, neuroengineering and machine learningapproaches for the restoration of communication and mobility," says Hochberg.To be useful, the current techniques will need to get faster and more accurate. It's also unclear whether the technology will work for other people, perhaps with more profound speech disorders. "These are still early days for the technologies," Hochberg says.21.What can be learned about the study in the text?A. It transforms small movements into text.B. It encourages the patient to mouth words.C. It helps the disabled to recover their speech.D. It focuses on translating thoughts into speech.22.Which can replace the underlined word "audible" in paragraph 3?A. Touchable.B. Visible.C.Hearable.D. Countable.23.Which is the right order of the working processing of the new technology?①Translate into text.②Pick up nerve cell signals.③Speak words inside the head.④Implant electrodes in the brain.⑤Generate speech via computer programs.A.④②①③⑤B.④③②①⑤C.②④①⑤③D.②③①⑤④24.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. A New Way to Cure ParalysisB. A Breakthrough in NeuroscienceC. Read Words Directly from People's ThoughtsD. Brain Implants Benefit Profound Speech Disorder七、Artificial intelligence helps teachers identify which of their students have learning difficulties, according to a new study.Teachers make more accurate assessments of learning difficulties among their students if they are given Al-generated feedback(反馈) rather than an "expert solution" written by a qualified professional. Researchers believe that because the AI analyzed the teacher's own work, it's easier for the teacher to understand than a "model answer" prepared beforehand."Teachers play a critical role in recognizing the signs of disorders and learningdifficulties in pupils and referring them to specialists," said Riikka Hofmann. "Unfortunately, many of them feel that they have not had sufficient opportunity to practice these skills. AI could provide an extra level of individualized feedback to help them develop these essential competences."Trainee teachers were asked to assess fictionalized students for potential learning difficulties, based on evidence including examples of their work, school behavior records and written texts of conversations with parents. Half of the trainees received the "expert solution", typical of the material given to trainee teachers, while the other half received AI-generated feedback on their approach, highlighting where they could improve. The trainees then completed similar follow-up assessments, and were graded both on the accuracy of their diagnoses(诊断) and on how well they had used the evidence. Trainees who received the AI feedback scored significantly higher than those who worked with the pre-written expert solutions.While the researchers said this does not mean AI is preferable to one-to-one feedback from a skilled expert, this is not always available for trainee teachers. "We are not arguing that AI should replace teacher-educators: new teachers still need expert guidance on how to recognize learning difficulties in the first place," said Dr Michael Sailer."It does seem, however, that Al-generated feedback helped these trainees to focus on what they really needed to learn. When personal feedback is not readily available, it could be an effective substitute(代替物)."25.What does the underlined word "them" refer to?A. Pupils.B. Teachers.C. Specialists.D. Researchers.26.What did AI help trainee teachers know in the study?A. How well they had used the evidence.B. Whether the expert solution was accurate.C. Where their approach needs improvement.D. What follow-up assessments they completed.27.What does Dr Michael think of AI?A. It will take the place of skilled experts.B. It acts as an expert guide to trainee teachers.C. It is only suitable for new teachers to use.D. It can be a useful teaching training aid.28.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. AI locates learning difficulties for the studentsB. AI becomes an effective teaching tool in schoolC. AI helps teachers spot students with learning difficultiesD. AI trains teachers in judging the learning of the students八、The loss of a pet can be extremely tough to handle. If only our furry friends could live as we do, that would be nice. While science can't get quite that far yet, there is a way to get an exact copy of the pet you love so much.A family in Arizona is one of the latest in the country to get another chance to be with their beloved dog, Sally. They love her so much that they decided to clone her. "She is really the perfect dog," said Sally's owner. "We thought if we're ever going to clone a dog, it would be Sally." The family turned to ViaGen Pets, who calls themselves "America's pet cloning experts", for help.Melain Rodriguez, a client service manager at ViaGen Pets, said once the cells of the pet were frozen, clients could take their time and decide when they were ready to go ahead. "They can clone 5, 10 or 20 years from now if they want," said Rodriguez. "We have actually cloned a few pets whose cells were stored 17 years ago."The company firstly started cloning livestock(牲畜) for agriculture, then got expertise in cloning horses. Today, horses and dogs remain the most popular animals that the company clones. The only other animals they clone right now are cats. Prices range from US$85,000 for a horse, to US$50,000 for a dog and US$35,000 for a cat. Rodriguez herself was the proud owner of a cloned cat. She also had her dog Zeus's cells frozen, but was not ready to clone him yet. Like many others, Rodriguez hoped to go ahead once prices went down.Company officials say many are choosing to simply preserve cell samples of their pets right now and deciding whether or not to clone them in the future, when prices could fall. The process (preserving samples) costs about US$1,600.29.What animals have been cloned by ViaGen Pets?①Cats. ②Horses. ③Rabbits. ④Dogs. ⑤Sheep.A.①②④B.②③⑤C.③④⑤D.②③④30.What does the text tell us about ViaGen Pets?A.Cats are the most popular animals that it clones.B. At first it began cloning animals for agriculture.C. It will clone Rodriguez's dog in a short time.D.It is supposed to clone Sally in 5 years.31.What did Rodriguez and many other pet owners wish ViaGen Pets to do?A. Employ more experts for cloning.B.Open branches across the country.C.Clone more kinds of wild animals.D. Lower the price of cloning.32.Where can you most probably find the text?A. In a science book.B. In a travel brochure.C. In a fashion magazine.D. In a newspaper on health issues.答案以及解析一、1.答案：C解析：细节理解题。
科技英语阅读李健答案
科技英语阅读李健答案【篇一：科技英语阅读(李健版)翻译u3】物的适应性植物为了生存也必须像人类和动物一样适应周边的环境。
生存就意味着竞争，我们很难想象植物之间的竞争，但它往往又存在的。
首先，不同的植物之间会争夺阳光、空气、土壤和水。
其次，植物也会与那些吃它或者威胁到它生存环境的人类和动物竞争。
再次，植物所处的环境也可能也是有敌对性的或者不利于植物生长的。
怎样才能有足够的阳光、水分、空气和土壤？气温的冷热就是植物生长的主要因素吗？光对于植物来说是最基本的，尤其是对于绿色植物来说。
绿色植物在光下能制造养分——这是一种被称为光合作用的过程，而光也能影响水分蒸发的速率和花的形成。
温度也是必须考虑的因素。
对于大多数植物来说，所处的温度低于一度或者高于四十三度都将对其造成严重的损伤甚至死亡。
而温度也直接影响了种子的萌芽以及开花，当然温度也决定了它们的地理分布。
没有水植物也是无法生存的。
有些植物的生长过程需要大量的水分，因此潮湿的空气、大量的降水以及溪流湖泊和湿润的土壤对于植物都是重要的。
大多数植物需要有足够空气。
大气中所包含的一些必要的气体包括：氧气、二氧化碳、水蒸气和氮气。
空气移动所产生的风对于植物也有很大影响。
风有助于传播花粉、孢子和种子从而将它们播种在各种地方，但强风也有可能折断或者损害植物，尤其是大树。
而大风吹走了一些有养分的土壤，也会加快水分的蒸发甚至使植物缺水。
土壤对于陆生植物来说是必不可少的。
大部分植物生长在自然土壤里：其中包含着它的湿度、酸度、矿物成分、含氧量。
植物生长也会受到其他竞争生物的影响。
它必须能适应寄生菌、饥饿的鸟类、牛羊等食用叶子的动物，但植物也需要动物帮助传播花粉以及播洒种子。
有树叶和枝干的树以及灌木向我们展示了它们的适应性，这也告诉了我们植物是怎样获得最大量的光和空气的。
和那些山毛榉树、榆树、橡树、苹果树和栗子树一样，它们有一些芽最初是垂直生长的然而另一些却变成了水平生长。
为了能得到最多的阳光，一些垂直生长的枝芽会螺旋缠绕生长以至于不会遮挡到自己下边的叶子。
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科技英语阅读答案【篇一：科技英语阅读答案unit 4】(robots)part i est readingreading 1section a pre-reading taskwarm-up questions: work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1. how does a qb work?qb has a speaker, microphone, camera, and video screen. it connects to the internet over wi-fi. you control it from your computer in a web browser, using a headset and screen. if you have a camera you can show live video of yourself, or you can show a still picture on bad hair days.2. is driving a qb difficult? is there a hand-held control device i can use with my computer to control the anybot?its pretty easy. you use the 4 arrow keys to make it turn, go forward or back. its built-in guidance system takes care of the rest by avoiding furniture and people, and gliding straight through doorways. all the time you’re seeing real-time video from the robot’s head, so you know where you are. most people get used to it in a few minutes.not necessary, all you need is your keyboard.3. is a wi-fi network in the home or business needed?yes. you should have 802.11g access points for best results. you should use encryption – wpa2 is easiest. we find meraki business-class access points work well and are affordable and easy to set up. they have long-range and outdoor models too.4. what kind of sensors does the anybot have, and what is the resolution on the anybot camera?two cameras, 3 microphones, lidar, a 3-axis gyroscope and encoders on the wheels. the main camera is 5 megapixels.5. how do you control or drive the anybot?you should control or drive it through a web browser. you dont need any special equipment, but you’ll sound better with a headset.section c post-reading taskreading comprehension1. directions: work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.part 1 (paras. 1-5): brief introduction to the qbpara. 1: the appearance and advantages of the qb.para. 2: the fields in which the qb will be applied.para. 3: the composition of the qb.para. 4: useful designing makes the qb mobile and height-adjustable.para. 5: the qb is designed for those who expect to be in contact at all times and in allplaces without sacrificing presence.part 2 (paras. 6-11): the test drive of the qbpara. 6: the objective and planned procedure of the test drive. para. 7: the actual performance of the qb in completing the planned mission.para. 8: the built-in lidar system and the camera enable the qb move smoothly.para. 9: the qb’s laser-pointer eye turned out to be useful when greeting people.para. 10: a valuable lesson has been learned through the test drive: never drive outside therange of the wi-fi network.para. 11: the qb slips down along the ramp when the wi-fi connection drops.2. directions: work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1) what can a robot do in your daily life?they can move materials, parts, tools, or other specialized devices to perform a variety of tasks. nowadays, they are also capable of attending meetings for you.2) what does a robot look like?undoubtedly, different robots look differently. the qb just looks like a floor lamp mounted on a vacuum cleaner.3) can a robot be remotely controlled? how?yes, through a web browser.4) have you ever heard of the qb?5) have you seen any movies related to robots, do you believe that these robots will be created and applied in the real life?6) suppose that you were a businessman, how will you use it to bring customers in?7) do you desire to have a qb of your own?3. directions: read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the wordsyou’ve learned in the text.qb —anybots, inc.’s newly surrogate robot will be available to the public soon. despite its $15,000 price and its not-so-handsome appearance: it looks like a floor lamp on a cleaner, the company believes that its high-tech will appeal to a new generation of workers who’d like to be in contact without sacrificing ―presence‖. the qb has a speaker, microphone, camera, pointer, system and video screen. it connects to the browser, using a headset and screen. although the operator cannot be there if the operator has a camera he can show live video of himself, or he can show a still picture on bad hair days.vocabulary and structure1. directions: give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets. then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. use each word once.1) avoidance, traditionally considered a high level planning problem, can beeffectively distributed between different levels of control, allowing real-time robot operations in a complex environment. 2) it covers the higher level techniques of perspective projection, analyticalphotogrammetry, motion, image matching, consistent labeling, model matching, and knowledge-based vision systems.3) on large feet for stability.4) anthropomorphic series-actuated robot-arms.5) aspects of the performance of in-parallel-actuated robot-arms are compared and contrasted with those of series-actuated arms.6) we have experimented with the planner using several computer-simulated robots,including rigid objects with 3 dofs (in 2d work space) and 6 dofs (in 3d work space)7) the execution of a task, as regards to both physical activity and decision making.8) in the course of centuries, human being have constantly attempted to seek substitutes thatwould be able to mimic their behavior in the various instances of with the surrounding environment.9) by its usual meaning, the term automation a technology aimed at replacinghuman being with machines in a manufacturing process, as regard not only the execution of physical operations but also the intelligent processing of information on the status of 10) by virtue of its programmability, the industrial robot is a typical component of rigid automated systems and in flexible automated systems.2. directions: complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. change the form if necessary.1) this is significant because it is not obvious that the theory can be extended to include anaccount of quantifier scope without an appeal to additional representational levels. a full the work, but this reviewer would have liked some reassurance that one is possible.2) the values in the domain type.3) this paper shows how to compute linear and quadratic estimates to the variation of the4) we have constructed an in vitro movement system in which purified single action filamentslabeled with fluorescent phalloidin are observed to myosin filaments fixed to a glass surface.5) it did not for established companies to invest early in the disruptivetechnologies, because the margins tended to be much lower and the market was unproven.6) because their authors are interested in correlations between the properties of areas as such.7) they suggest that having an expressive face and indicating attention with movement both make8) (control group) or via telemedicine (telemedicine group) and were followed prospectively.9) unlabeled data are available with littlecost, it is therefore natural to ask the question that in addition to human labeled data, whether one can also take advantage of the unlabeled data in order to improve the effectiveness of a ofa machine-learned categorizer.10) burst are dropped.3. directions: reorder the disordered parts of sentences to make a complete sentence.1) given that robots generally lack muscles, they cant rely on muscle memory (the trick thatallows our bodies to become familiar over time with movements such as walking orbreathing) to help them more easily complete repetitive tasks.2) for autonomous robots, this can be a bit of a problem, since they may have toaccommodate changing terrain in real time or risk getting stuck or losing their balance.3) one way around this is to create a robot that can process information from a variety ofsensors positioned near its ―legs‖ and identify different patterns as it moves, a team of researchers report sunday in nature physics.4) some scientists rely on small neural circuits called central pattern generators (cpg) tocreate walking robots that are aware of their surroundings.5) some researchers are leading a project that has created a six-legged robot with one cpgthat can switch gaits depending upon the obstacles it encounters.4. directions: change the following sentences into the passive-voice ones.1) a novel twist is introduced on this traditional approach (by the new field of experimentalphilosophy).2) the search to understand people’s ordinary intuitions is continued (by experimentalphilosophers).3) this is accomplished by using the methods of contemporary cognitive science —experimental studies, statistical analyses, cognitive models, and so forth.4) just in the past year or so, this new approach has been being applied (by a number ofresearchers) to the study of intuitions about consciousness.5) how people think about the mind can be better understood by studying how people thinkabout three different types of abstract entities.discourse understanding1. g.2. f.3. e.4. d.5. c.reading 2section a pre-reading taskwarm-up questions: work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1. do you have any idea about the middle ages? and the dark ages in human history?【篇二：科技英语阅读答案unit 8】/p> unit 8 space explorationpart i est readingreading 1section a pre-reading taskwarm-up questions: work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1. how much do you know about the space?space is the boundless, three-dimensional extent in which objects and events occur and have relative position and direction.[1] physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of the boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. in mathematics one examines spaces with different numbers of dimensions and withdifferent underlying structures. the concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe although disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.2. how do you understand the title “does god play dice”?the science of chaos is forcing scientists to rethink einsteins fundamental assumptions regarding the way the universe behaves. chaos theory has already shown that simple systems, obeying precise laws, can nevertheless act in a randommanner. perhaps god plays dice within a cosmic game of complete law and order. does god play dice? reveals a strange universe in which nothing may be as it seems. familiar geometric shapes such as circles and ellipses give way to infinitely complex structures known as fractals, the fluttering of a butterflys wings can change the weather, and the gravitational attraction of a creature in a distant galaxy can change the fate of the solar system.3. what is determinism?determinism (specifically causal determinism) is the concept that events within a given paradigm are bound by causality in such a way that any state (of an object or event) is, to some large degree, determined by prior states.4. how do you understand “the world must have seemed pretty arbitrary and random”?disasters such as floods or diseases must have seemed to happen without warning, or apparent reason. primitive people attributed such natural phenomena, to a pantheon of gods and goddesses, who behaved in a capricious and whimsical way. there was no way to predict what they would do, and the only hope was to win favor by gifts or actions. many people still partially subscribe to this belief, and try to make a pact with fortune.5. do you think we can predict absolutely what is going to happen?of course not. some disasters like may 12 earthquake have proved that “no living man all things can.”section c post-reading taskreading comprehension1. directions: work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.part 1 (para. 1): brief introduction to the topic.para. 1: brief introduction to the topic.part 2 (paras. 2-3): laplace’s idea of scientific determinism.para. 2: introduction to scientific determinismpara.3: the connotation of determinismpart 3 (paras. 4-5): planck’s quantum mechanicspara. 4: introduction to quantum mechanics.para. 5: the connotation of quantum mechanics.2. directions: work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1) do you think we can predict what will happen?sometimes yes, sometimes not. we can predict what will happen in principle.2) can you give list some regularities in the behavior of nature? (open)3) how do you understand “a scientific law is not a scientific law, if it only holds when somesupernatural being, decides to let things run, and not intervene”?in effect what he said was, that if at one time, we knew the positions and speeds of all the particlesin the universe, then we could calculate their behavior at any other time, in the past or future.4) how much do you know “quantum mechanics”?quantum mechanics is the study of the relationship between quanta and elementary particles.among other relationships the valence shell electrons and photons are quantized. quantummechanics is a fundamental branch of physics with wide applications in both experimental andtheoretical physics. quantum theory generalizes all classical theories, including mechanics,electromagnetism (except general relativity), and provides accurate descriptions for manypreviously unexplained phenomena such as black body radiation and stable electron orbits.theeffects of quantum mechanics are typically not observable on macroscopic scales, but becomeevident at the atomic and subatomic level.5) what has been a central tenet of science, ever since laplace’s time?the idea that the state of the universe at one time determines the state at all other times, has been acentral tenet of science, ever since laplace’s time.3. directions: read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases you’ve learned in th e text.newton’s theory of gravity to predict the motion of almostall expressed by laplace. in effect what he said was that if at one time, we knew the positions and speeds ofvocabulary and structure1. directions: give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets. then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. use each word on.them.2. directions: complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. change the form if necessary.1) most of the aud ience ueservedly subscribed to prof. tom’s proposal on space explorationin last lecture.在上次讲座里，多数听众毫无保留地赞同汤姆教授在空间探索方面的建议。