HD22[1].1S4-2(前言)
HDCP on DisplayPort Specification Rev2_2
High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection SystemMapping HDCP to DisplayPortRevision 2.221 December, 2012NoticeTHIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE. Intel Corporation disclaims all liability, including liability for infringement of any proprietary rights, relating to use of information in this specification. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted herein.The cryptographic functions described in this specification may be subject to export control by the United States, Japanese, and/or other governments.Copyright © 1999-2012 by Intel Corporation. Third-party brands and names are the property of their respective owners.AcknowledgementSTMicroelectronics and Parade Technologies have contributed to the development of this specification.Intellectual PropertyImplementation of this specification requires a license from the Digital Content Protection LLC.Contact InformationDigital Content Protection LLCC/O Vital Technical Marketing, Inc.3855 SW 153rd DriveBeaverton, OR 97006Email: info@Web: Revision History1 Introduction (5)1.1 Scope (5)1.2 Definitions (5)1.3 Overview (8)1.4 Terminology (9)1.5 References (9)2 Authentication Protocol (10)2.1 Overview (10)2.2 Authentication and Key Exchange (11)2.2.1 Pairing (14)2.3 Locality Check (15)2.4 Session Key Exchange (16)2.5 Authentication with Repeaters (17)2.5.1 Upstream Propagation of Topology Information (17)2.5.2 Downstream Propagation of Content Stream Management Information (22)2.6 Link Integrity Check (23)2.6.1 Link Integrity Check in MST Mode (23)2.6.2 Link Integrity Check in SST Mode (24)2.7 Key Derivation (25)2.8 HDCP Transmitter State Diagram (25)2.9 HDCP Receiver State Diagram (30)2.10 HDCP Repeater State Diagrams (32)2.10.1 Propagation of Topology Errors (33)2.10.2 HDCP Repeater Downstream State Diagram (33)2.10.3 HDCP Repeater Upstream State Diagram (38)2.11 Converters (42)2.11.1 HDCP 2 – HDCP 1.x Converters (42)2.11.2 HDCP 1.x – HDCP 2 Converters (44)2.12 Session Key Validity (45)2.13 Random Number Generation (45)2.14 CP_IRQ Interrupt Processing (46)2.15 HDCP Port (46)3 HDCP Encryption (51)3.1 Data Encryption (51)3.2 HDCP Cipher (54)3.3 Encryption Status Signaling in MST Mode (56)3.4 Encryption Status Signaling in SST Mode (58)3.5 Uniqueness of k s and r iv (60)4 Authentication Protocol Messages (62)4.1 Overview (62)4.2 Message Format (62)4.2.1 AKE_Init (Write) (62)4.2.2 AKE_Send_Cert (Read) (62)4.2.3 AKE_No_Stored_km (Write) (62)4.2.4 AKE_Stored_km (Write) (62)4.2.5 AKE_Send_H_prime (Read) (62)4.2.6 AKE_Send_Pairing_Info (Read) (63)4.2.7 LC_Init (Write) (63)4.2.8 LC_Send_L_prime (Read) (63)4.2.9 SKE_Send_Eks (Write) (63)4.2.10 RepeaterAuth_Send_ReceiverID_List (Read) (63)4.2.11 RepeaterAuth_Send_Ack (Write) (64)4.2.12 RepeaterAuth_Stream_Manage (Write) (64)4.2.13 RepeaterAuth_Stream_Ready (Read) (65)5 Renewability (66)5.1 SRM Size and Scalability (67)5.2 Updating SRMs (68)Appendix A. Core Functions and Confidentiality and Integrity of Values (70)Appendix B. DCP LLC Public Key (73)Appendix C. Bibliography (Informative) (74)1 Introduction1.1 ScopeThis specification describes the mapping of High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP)system to DisplayPort, Revision 2.20.For the purpose of this specification, it is assumed that the Audiovisual content is transmitted overa DisplayPort based wired display link. In an HDCP System, two or more HDCP Devices areinterconnected through an HDCP-protected Interface. The Audiovisual Content flows from theUpstream Content Control Function into the HDCP System at the most upstream HDCPTransmitter. From there the Audiovisual Content encrypted by the HDCP System, referred to asHDCP Content, flows through a tree-shaped topology of HDCP Receivers over HDCP-protectedInterfaces. This specification describes a content protection mechanism for: (1) authentication ofHDCP Receivers to their immediate upstream connection (i.e., an HDCP Transmitter), (2)revocation of HDCP Receivers that are determined by the Digital Content Protection, LLC, to beinvalid, and (3) HDCP Encryption of Audiovisual Content over the HDCP-protected Interfacesbetween HDCP Transmitters and their downstream HDCP Receivers. HDCP Receivers mayrender the HDCP Content in audio and visual form for human consumption. HDCP Receiversmay be HDCP Repeaters that serve as downstream HDCP Transmitters emitting the HDCPContent further downstream to one or more additional HDCP Receivers.Unless otherwise specified, the term “HDCP Receiver” is also used to refer to the upstreamHDCP-protected interface port of an HDCP Repeater. Similarly, the term “HDCP Transmitter” isalso used to refer to the downstream HDCP-protected interface port of an HDCP Repeater. HDCPTransmitters must support HDCP Repeaters.The state machines in this specification define the required behavior of HDCP Devices. The link-visible behavior of HDCP Devices implementing the specified state machines must be identical,even if implementations differ from the descriptions. The behavior of HDCP Devicesimplementing the specified state machines must also be identical from the perspective of an entityoutside of the HDCP System.Implementations must include all elements of the content protection system described herein,unless the element is specifically identified as informative or optional. Adopters must also ensurethat implementations satisfy the robustness and compliance rules described in the technologylicense.Device discovery and association, and link setup and teardown, is outside the scope of thisspecification.1.2 DefinitionsThe following terminology, as used throughout this specification, is defined as herein:Audiovisual Content. Audiovisual works (as defined in the United States Copyright Act as ineffect on January 1, 1978), text and graphic images, are referred to as AudioVisual Content.Authorized Device. An HDCP Device that is permitted access to HDCP Content is referred to asan Authorized Device. An HDCP Transmitter may test if a connected HDCP Receiver is anAuthorized Device by successfully completing the following stages of the authentication protocol– Authentication and Key Exchange (AKE) and Locality check. If the authentication protocolsuccessfully results in establishing authentication, then the other device is considered by the HDCPTransmitter to be an Authorized Device.Content Stream. Content Stream consists of Audiovisual Content received from an Upstream Content Control Function that is to be encrypted and Audiovisual Content received from an Upstream Content Control Function that is encrypted by the HDCP System.Device Key Set. An HDCP Receiver has a Device Key Set, which consists of its corresponding Device Secret Keys along with the associated Public Key Certificate.Device Secret Keys. For an HDCP Transmitter, Device Secret Key consists of the secret Global Constant. For an HDCP Receiver, Device Secret Keys consists of the secret Global Constant and the RSA private key. The Device Secret Keys are to be protected from exposure outside of the HDCP Device.downstream. The term, downstream, is used as an adjective to refer to being towards the sink of the HDCP Content. For example, when an HDCP Transmitter and an HDCP Receiver are connected over an HDCP-protected Interface, the HDCP Receiver can be referred to as the downstream HDCP Device in this connection. For another example, on an HDCP Repeater, the HDCP-protected Interface Port(s) which can emit HDCP Content can be referred to as its downstream HDCP-protected Interface Port(s). See also, upstream.Global Constant. A 128-bit random, secret constant provided only to HDCP adopters and used during HDCP Content encryption or decryptionHDCP 1.x. HDCP 1.x refers to, specifically, the variant of HDCP described by Revision 1.00 (referred to as HDCP 1.0), Revision 1.10 (referred to as HDCP 1.1), Revision 1.20 (referred to as HDCP 1.2) and Revision 1.30 (referred to as HDCP 1.3) along with their associated errata, if applicable.HDCP 1.x-compliant Device. An HDCP Device that is designed in adherence to HDCP 1.x, defined above, is referred to as an HDCP 1.x-compliant Device.HDCP 2. HDCP 2 refers to, specifically, the variant of HDCP mapping for all HDCP protected interfaces described by Revision 2.00 and higher versions along with their associated errata, if applicable.HDCP 2.0. HDCP 2.0 refers to, specifically, the variant of HDCP mapping for all HDCP protected interfaces described by Revision 2.00 of the corresponding specifications along with their associated errata, if applicable.HDCP 2.0-compliant Device. An HDCP Device that is designed in adherence to HDCP 2.0 is referred to as an HDCP 2.0-compliant Device.HDCP 2.2. HDCP 2.2 refers to, specifically, the variant of HDCP mapping described by Revision 2.20 of this specification along with its associated errata, if applicable.HDCP 2.2-compliant Device. An HDCP Device that is designed in adherence to HDCP 2.2 is referred to as an HDCP 2.2-compliant Device.HDCP Cipher. The HDCP encryption module consisting of a 128-bit AES module that is operated in a Counter (CTR) mode is referred to as HDCP Cipher.HDCP Content. HDCP Content consists of Audiovisual Content that is protected by the HDCP System. HDCP Content includes the Audiovisual Content in encrypted form as it is transferred from an HDCP Transmitter to an HDCP Receiver over an HDCP-protected Interface, as well as any translations of the same content, or portions thereof. For avoidance of doubt, Audiovisual Content that is never encrypted by the HDCP System is not HDCP Content.HDCP Device. Any device that contains one or more HDCP-protected Interface Port and is designed in adherence to HDCP is referred to as an HDCP Device.HDCP Encryption. HDCP Encryption is the encryption technology of HDCP when applied to the protection of HDCP Content in an HDCP System.HDCP Receiver. An HDCP Device that can receive and decrypt HDCP Content through one or more of its HDCP-protected Interface Ports is referred to as an HDCP Receiver.HDCP Repeater. An HDCP Device that can receive and decrypt HDCP Content through one or more of its HDCP-protected Interface Ports, and can also re-encrypt and emit said HDCP Content through one or more of its HDCP-protected Interface Ports, is referred to as an HDCP Repeater. An HDCP Repeater may also be referred to as either an HDCP Receiver or an HDCP Transmitter when referring to either the upstream side or the downstream side, respectively.HDCP Session. An HDCP Session is established between an HDCP Transmitter and HDCP Receiver with the transmission or reception of the authentication initiation message, AKE_Init. The established HDCP Session remains valid until it is aborted by the HDCP Transmitter or a new HDCP Session is established, which invalidates the HDCP Session that was previously established, by the transmission or reception of a new AKE_Init message.HDCP System. An HDCP System consists of an HDCP Transmitter, zero or more HDCP Repeaters and one or more HDCP Receivers connected through their HDCP-protected interfaces in a tree topology; whereas the said HDCP Transmitter is the HDCP Device most upstream, and receives the Audiovisual Content from one or more Upstream Content Control Functions. All HDCP Devices connected to other HDCP Devices in an HDCP System over HDCP-protected Interfaces are part of the HDCP System.HDCP Transmitter. An HDCP Device that can encrypt and emit HDCP Content through one or more of its HDCP-protected Interface Ports is referred to as an HDCP Transmitter.HDCP. HDCP is an acronym for High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection. This term refers to this content protection system as described by any revision of this specification and its errata.HDCP-protected Interface Port. A connection point on an HDCP Device that supports an HDCP-protected Interface is referred to as an HDCP-protected Interface Port.HDCP-protected Interface. An interface for which HDCP applies is described as an HDCP-protected Interface.Master Key. A 128-bit random, secret cryptographic key negotiated between the HDCP Transmitter and the HDCP Receiver during Authentication and Key Exchange and used to pair the HDCP Transmitter with the HDCP Receiver.Public Key Certificate. Each HDCP Receiver is issued a Public Key Certificate signed by DCP LLC, and contains the Receiver ID and RSA public key corresponding to the HDCP Receiver. Receiver Connected Indication. An indication to the HDCP Transmitter that an active receiver has been connected to it. The format of the indication or the method used by the HDCP Transmitter to connect to or disconnect from a receiver is outside the scope of this specification.Receiver Disconnected Indication. An indication to the HDCP Transmitter that the receiver has been disconnected from it. The format of the indication or the method used by the HDCP Transmitter to connect to or disconnect from a receiver is outside the scope of this specification.Receiver ID. A 40-bit value that uniquely identifies the HDCP Receiver. It has the same format asan HDCP 1.x KSV i.e. it contains 20 ones and 20 zeroes.Session Key. A 128-bit random, secret cryptographic key negotiated between the HDCPTransmitter and the HDCP Receiver during Session Key exchange and used during HDCPContent encryption or decryption.Upstream Content Control Function. The HDCP Transmitter most upstream in the HDCPSystem receives Audiovisual Content to be protected from the Upstream Content ControlFunction. The Upstream Content Control Function is not part of the HDCP System, and themethods used, if any, by the Upstream Content Control Function to determine for itself the HDCPSystem is correctly authenticated or permitted to receive the Audiovisual Content, or to transfer theAudiovisual Content to the HDCP System, are beyond the scope of this specification. On apersonal computer platform, an example of an Upstream Content Control Function may besoftware designed to emit Audiovisual Content to a display or other presentation device thatrequires HDCP.upstream. The term, upstream, is used as an adjective to refer to being towards the source of theHDCP Content. For example, when an HDCP Transmitter and an HDCP Receiver are connectedover an HDCP-protected Interface, the HDCP Transmitter can be referred to as the upstreamHDCP Device in this connection. For another example, on an HDCP Repeater, the HDCP-protected Interface Port(s) which can receive HDCP Content can be referred to as its upstreamHDCP-protected Interface Port(s). See also, downstream.1.3 Overview1.HDCP is designed to protect the transmission of Audiovisual Content between an HDCPTransmitter and an HDCP Receiver. The HDCP Transmitter may support simultaneousconnections to HDCP Receivers through one or more of its HDCP-protected interface ports.The system also allows for HDCP Repeaters that support downstream HDCP-protectedInterface Ports. The HDCP System allows up to four levels of HDCP Repeaters and as manyas 32 total HDCP Devices, including HDCP Repeaters, to be connected to an HDCP-protected Interface port.Figure 1.1 illustrates an example connection topology for HDCP Devices.There are three elements of the content protection system. Each element plays a specific role in thesystem. First, there is the authentication protocol, through which the HDCP Transmitter verifiesthat a given HDCP Receiver is licensed to receive HDCP Content. The authentication protocol isimplemented between the HDCP Transmitter and its corresponding downstream HDCP Receiver.With the legitimacy of the HDCP Receiver determined, encrypted HDCP Content is transmittedbetween the two devices based on shared secrets established during the authentication protocol.This prevents eavesdropping devices from utilizing the content. Finally, in the event that legitimatedevices are compromised to permit unauthorized use of HDCP Content, renewability allows anHDCP Transmitter to identify such compromised devices and prevent the transmission of HDCPContent.This document contains chapters describing in detail the requirements of each of these elements. Inaddition, a chapter is devoted to describing the cipher structure that is used in the encryption ofHDCP Content.1.4 TerminologyThroughout this specification, names that appear in italic refer to values that are exchanged duringthe HDCP cryptographic protocol. C-style notation is used throughout the state diagrams andprotocol diagrams, although the logic functions AND, OR, and XOR are written out where atextual description would be more clear.This specification uses the big-endian notation to represent bit strings so that the most significantbit in the representation is stored in the left-most bit position. The concatenation operator ‘||’combines two values into one. For eight-bit values a and b, the result of (a || b) is a 16-bit value,with the value a in the most significant eight bits and b in the least significant eight bits.1.5 References[1].Digital Content Protection (DCP) LLC, High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection System,Revision 1.4, July 8, 2009.[2].Digital Content Protection (DCP) LLC, HDCP Specification 1.3 – Amendment forDisplayPort, Revision 1.0, December 19, 2006.[3].National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Advanced Encryption Standard(AES), FIPS Publication 197, November 26, 2001.[4].RSA Laboratories, RSA Cryptography Standard, PKCS #1 v2.1, June 14, 2002.[5].National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Secure Hash Standard (SHS), FIPSPublication 180-2, August 1, 2002.[6].Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication,Request for Comments (RFC) 2104, February 1997.[7].National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Recommendation for RandomNumber Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators, Special Publication 800-90,March 2007[8].VESA® DisplayPort® Standard, Version 1, Revision 2a, May 23, 20122 Authentication Protocol2.1 OverviewThe HDCP authentication protocol is an exchange between an HDCP Transmitter and an HDCPReceiver that affirms to the HDCP Transmitter that the HDCP Receiver is authorized to receiveHDCP Content. It is comprised of the following stages•Authentication and Key Exchange (AKE) – The HDCP Receiver’s public key certificate is verified by the HDCP Transmitter. A Master Key k m is exchanged. •Locality Check – The HDCP Transmitter enforces locality on the content by requiring that the Round Trip Time (RTT) between a pair of messages is not more than 7 ms. •Session Key Exchange (SKE) – The HDCP Transmitter exchanges Session Key k s with the HDCP Receiver. • Authentication with Repeaters – The step is performed by the HDCP Transmitter onlywith HDCP Repeaters. In this step, the repeater assembles downstream topologyinformation and forwards it to the upstream HDCP Transmitter.Successful completion of AKE and locality check stages affirms to the HDCP Transmitter that theHDCP Receiver is authorized to receive HDCP Content. At the end of the authentication protocol,a communication path is established between the HDCP Transmitter and HDCP Receiver that onlyAuthorized Devices can access.All HDCP Devices contain a 128-bit secret Global Constant denoted by lc 128. All HDCP Devicesshare the same Global Constant. lc 128 is provided only to HDCP adopters.The HDCP Transmitter contains the 3072-bit RSA public key of DCP LLC denoted by kpub dcp .The HDCP Receiver is issued 1024-bit RSA public and private keys. The public key is stored in aPublic Key Certificate issued by DCP LLC, denoted by cert rx . Table 2.1 gives the fields containedin the certificate. All values are stored in big-endian format. Table 2.1. Public Key Certificate of HDCP ReceiverThe secret RSA private key is denoted by kpriv rx . The computation time of RSA private keyoperation can be reduced by using the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) technique. Therefore, itis recommended that HDCP Receivers use the CRT technique for private key computations.Name Size (bits) BitpositionFunction Receiver ID 40 4175:4136 Unique receiver identifier. It has the same format as an HDCP 1.x KSV i.e. it contains 20 ones and 20 zeroesReceiver Public Key 1048 4135:3088 Unique RSA public key of HDCP Receiver denoted by kpub rx . The first 1024 bits is the big-endian representation of the modulus n and the trailing 24 bits is the big-endian representation of the public exponent eReserved2 4 3087:3084 Reserved for future definition. Must be 0x0 or 0x1.Reserved1 12 3083:3072 Reserved for future definition. Must be 0x000DCP LLC Signature 3072 3071:0 A cryptographic signature calculated over all preceding fields of the certificate. RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 is the signature scheme used as defined byPKCS #1 V2.1: RSA Cryptography Standard. SHA-256 is the underlyinghash function2.2 Authentication and Key ExchangeAuthentication and Key Exchange (AKE) is the first step in the authentication protocol. Figure 2.1and Figure 2.2 illustrates the AKE. The HDCP Transmitter (Device A ) can initiate authenticationat any time, even before a previous authentication exchange has completed. The HDCPTransmitter initiates a new HDCP Session by sending the authentication initiation message,AKE_Init. Message formats are defined in Section 4.2.Figure 2.1. Authentication and Key Exchange (Without Storedk m )200 msFigure 2.2. Authentication and Key Exchange (With Stored k m )The HDCP Transmitter•Initiates authentication by sending the initiation message, AKE_Init, containing a 64-bit pseudo-random value (r tx) and TxCaps parameters.•Reads AKE_Send_Cert from the receiver containing cert rx, a 64-bit pseudo-random value (r rx) and RxCaps. REPEATER bit in RxCaps indicates whether the connected receiver is an HDCP Repeater. If REPEATER is set to one, it indicates the receiver is an HDCP Repeater. If REPEATER is zero, the receiver is not an HDCP Repeater. The AKE_Send_Cert message must be available for the transmitter to read within 100 ms from the time the transmitter finishes writing the AKE_Init message parameters to the HDCP Receiver. The HDCP Transmitter must not attempt to read AKE_Send_Cert sooner than 100 ms after writing the AKE_Init message. If the AKE_Send_Cert message is not available for the transmitter to read within 100 ms, the transmitter aborts the authentication protocol.•Extracts Receiver ID from cert rxo If the HDCP Transmitter does not have a 128-bit Master Key k m stored corresponding to the Receiver ID (See Section 2.2.1)Verifies the signature on the certificate using kpub dcp. Failure ofsignature verification constitutes an authentication failure and theHDCP Transmitter aborts the authentication protocol.Generates a pseudo-random 128-bit Master Key k m. Encrypts k m withkpub rx(E kpub(km)) and sends AKE_No_Stored_km message to thereceiver containing the 1024-bit E kpub(km). RSAES-OAEP encryptionscheme must be used as defined by PKCS #1 V2.1: RSACryptography Standard. SHA-256 is the underlying hash function.The mask generation function used is MGF1 which uses SHA-256 asits underlying hash function.Verifies integrity of the System Renewability Message (SRM). It doesthis by checking the signature of the SRM using kpub dcp. Failure ofthis integrity check constitutes an authentication failure and causes theHDCP Transmitter to abort authentication protocol.The top-level HDCP Transmitter checks to see if the Receiver ID ofthe connected device is found in the revocation list. If the Receiver IDof the connected HDCP Device is found in the revocation list,authentication fails and the authentication protocol is aborted. SRMintegrity check and revocation check are performed only by the top-level HDCP Transmitter.Performs key derivation as explained in Section 2.7 to generate 256-bit k d. k d = dkey0 || dkey1, where dkey0 and dkey1 are derived keysgenerated when ctr = 0 and ctr = 1 respectively. dkey0 and dkey1 are inbig-endian order.Computes 256-bit H = HMAC-SHA256(r tx || RxCaps || TxCaps, k d)where HMAC-SHA256 is computed over r tx || RxCaps || TxCaps andthe key used for HMAC is k d.Reads the H’_AVAILABLE status bit in the RxStatus register as soonas it receives the CP_IRQ interrupt. If the H’_AVAILABLE status bitis set, reads the AKE_Send_H_prime message from the receivercontaining the 256-bit H’. The CP_IRQ interrupt must be generatedand the AKE_Send_H_prime message must be available for thetransmitter to read within one second from the time the transmitterfinishes writing the AKE_No_Stored_km message parameters to theHDCP Receiver. If the AKE_Send_H_prime message is not availablefor the transmitter to read within one second or there is a mismatchbetween H and H’, the transmitter aborts the authentication protocol.o If the HDCP Transmitter has a 128-bit Master Key k m stored corresponding to the Receiver ID (See Section 2.2.1)Sends AKE_Stored_km message to the receiver with the 128-bitE kh(k m) and the 128-bit m corresponding to the Receiver ID of theHDCP ReceiverVerifies integrity of the System Renewability Message (SRM). It doesthis by checking the signature of the SRM using kpub dcp. Failure ofthis integrity check constitutes an authentication failure and causes theHDCP Transmitter to abort the authentication protocol.The top-level HDCP Transmitter checks to see if the Receiver ID ofthe connected device is found in the revocation list. If the Receiver IDof the connected HDCP Device is found in the revocation list,authentication fails and the authentication protocol is aborted.Performs key derivation as explained in Section 2.7 to generate 256-bit k d. k d = dkey0 || dkey1, where dkey0 and dkey1 are derived keysgenerated when ctr = 0 and ctr = 1 respectively. dkey0 and dkey1 are inbig-endian order.Computes 256-bit H = HMAC-SHA256(r tx|| RxCaps || TxCaps, k d)where HMAC-SHA256 is computed over r tx || RxCaps || TxCaps andthe key used for HMAC is k d.Reads the H’_AVAILABLE status bit in the RxStatus register as soonas it receives the CP_IRQ interrupt. If the H’_AVAILABLE status bitis set, reads the AKE_Send_H_prime message from the receivercontaining the 256-bit H’. The CP_IRQ interrupt must be generatedand the AKE_Send_H_prime message must be available for thetransmitter to read within 200 ms from the time the transmitter finisheswriting the AKE_Stored_km message parameters to the HDCPReceiver. If the AKE_Send_H_prime message is not available for thetransmitter to read within 200 ms or there is a mismatch between Hand H’, the transmitter aborts the authentication protocol.The HDCP Receiver•Makes available the AKE_Send_Cert message for the transmitter to read in response to AKE_Init. The AKE_Send_Cert message must be available for the transmitter to readwithin 100 ms from the time the transmitter finishes writing the AKE_Init message parameters to the HDCP Receiver.•If AKE_No_Stored_km is received, the HDCP Receivero Decrypts k m with kpriv rx using RSAES-OAEP decryption scheme.。
2-Port HDMI Splitter (1x2) 商品说明书
2-Port HDMI Splitter (1x2) - 4K 60Hz UHD HDMI 2.0 Audio Video Splitter w/ Scaler & Audio Extractor (3.5mm/SPDIF) - Dual HDMI Splitter (1-In 2-Out) - EDID Copy - TV/ProjectorProduct ID: ST122HD20SThis 2-port HDMI splitter lets you connect your HDMI video source to two HDMI displays, with support for Ultra HD resolutions and HDR (High Dynamic Range) as well as 7.1 surround sound audio.This 2 way HDMI splitter offers full support for your HDMI 2.0b equipment, including true 4K resolution at 60Hz. For smoother video and color transitions, the splitter offers 4:4:4 chroma subsampling, meaning every pixel gets its own unique color.The HDMI 2.0 splitter supports HDCP 2.2 and is backward compatible with 4K 30Hz, 1080p and 720p displays. This ensures that it will work with lower resolution displays such as TVs or projectors around your site or in your digital signage application. With the built-in scaling function, the HDMI 1 in 2 out splitter can output to two displays at different resolutions simultaneously. conducts thorough compatibility and performance testing on all our products to ensure we are meeting or exceeding industry standards and providing high-quality products to IT Professionals. Our local Technical Advisors have broad product expertise and work directly with our Engineers to provide support for our customers both pre and post-sales.The ST122HD20 is backed by a 2-year warranty and free lifetime technical support. Certifications, Reports and CompatibilityApplications• Output and split your 4K 60Hz HDMI signal to two different HDMI displays with different resolutions• Distribute 4K 60Hz video to monitors or TVs that require the highest quality of image detail, such as in control centers or video production studios• Display corporate information or advertising on multiple displays at a shopping center• Display the same information on multiple displays in the waiting rooms of healthcare facilitiesFeatures• 2-PORT HDMI SPLITTER: Displays the same image with sound on 2 screens; Splits an HDMI video signal up to Ultra HD 4K 60Hz & 7.1 CH audio; 4:4:4 chroma subsampling support w/ bandwidth up to 18Gbps (HDMI 2.0b); HDR; HDCP 2.2 to HDCP 1.4 conversion• EDID MANAGEMENT SWITCH: 1x2 HDMI splitter is capable of outputting 2 different display resolutions w/ abuilt-in scaler (EDID Auto) or copy the EDID settings from output port 1 to the other display at the desired resolution (720p & up) (EDID Copy)• FLEXIBLE AUDIO SUPPORT: 3 different audio outputs HDMI/3.5mm port/Optical digital port for output to speakers/amplifiers; Audio output is supported on all ports simultaneously; Support Digital to Analog conversion (DAC)• LONG REACH: Reach up to 16.4ft (5m) with a passive HDMI cable; For longer distances, active HDMI cables or HDMI extenders are available (sold separately) to use with this HDMI splitter for dualTVs/projectors/monitors/displays• EASY SETUP: No drivers required for the 1-Input 2-output UHD HDMI 2.0 splitter box; With the EDID switch set to Auto, simply connect the cables and power to start using; Wide screen monitor formats supported; HDMI/DVI compatibleHardwareWarranty 2 YearsAV Input HDMI - 2.0Ports2AV Output HDMI - 2.0Audio YesIndustry Standards HDMI 2.0bPerformanceVideo Revision HDMI 2.0b18 GbpsMaximum Data TransferRateMaximum Cable Length16.4 ft [5 m]Maximum Digital 3840x2160 (4K) @ 60HzResolutions3840x2160 (4K) @ 30Hz1920x1080 (1080p)1280x720 (720p)Wide Screen Supported YesAudio Specifications7.1 surround soundConnector(s)Connector A HDMI (19 pin)Connector B HDMI (19 pin)Toslink (SPDIF, Optical)3.5 mm Mini-Jack (3 Position)IndicatorsLED Indicators Power LEDInput LEDOutput LEDsPowerPower Source AC Adapter IncludedInput Voltage100 - 240 ACOutput Voltage5V DCOutput Current1A5WPower Consumption (InWatts)EnvironmentalOperating Temperature0C - 40C (32F - 104F)Storage Temperature-20C - 60C (-4F - 140F)Humidity20-90% RHPhysicalCharacteristicsColor BlackMaterial SteelProduct Length 4.7 in [12.0 cm]Product Width 2.5 in [63.0 mm]Product Height0.4 in [11.0 mm]Weight of Product 6.0 oz [170.0 g]PackagingInformationPackage Length8.0 in [20.2 cm]Package Width 4.5 in [11.4 cm]Package Height 2.7 in [69.0 mm]13.8 oz [392.0 g]Shipping (Package)WeightWhat's in the BoxIncluded in Package HDMI video splitterUniversal Power Adapter (NA, EU, UK, ANZ)Instruction Manual*Product appearance and specifications are subject to change without notice.。
HD22电源线中文[1]
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欧洲电工标准化委员协调文件HD 22.4 S4：2004 ICS 29.060.20代替 HD 22.4S3：1995+A1：1999＋A2：2002英语版额定电压450/750V及以下交联绝缘电缆第4部分：软线和软电缆本协调文件于2004年2月1日被欧洲电工标准化委员会（CENELEC）采纳。
CENELEC成员有义务遵照CEN/ CENELEC议事规程将该协调文件在国家一级公布。
读者可向CENELEC中央秘书处或各成员索取这类国家标准的最新目录和馆藏信息。
本协调文件由三种官方文本组成（德语版、英语版和法语版）。
由CENELEC成员自己负责翻译的并报中央秘书处备案的其它文本，具有与官方文本同样的法律地位。
CENELEC成员为下列国家的国家电工委员会：比利时、丹麦、德国、芬兰、法国、希腊、爱尔兰、冰岛、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、挪威、奥地利、葡萄牙、瑞典、瑞士、西班牙、捷克和英国。
欧洲电工标准化委员会CENELEC中央秘书处：rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brüssel前言HD 22.4第4版是由CLC/TC 20（电缆）技术委员会制定的。
它全面更新了第3版，包括纳入修改1和进行了其他改进。
HD 22.4 S4与IEC 60245-4（1994）相关，但不是直接等效。
HD22目前包括如下部分：HD22.1 S4 一般要求HD22.2 S3 试验方法HD22.3 S4 耐热硅橡胶绝缘电缆HD22.4 S4 软线和软电缆HD22.5 备用HD22.6 S2 电焊机电缆HD22.7 S2 导体温度110℃内部布线用高耐热电缆HD22.8 S2 彩灯串用氯丁橡胶或等效合成橡胶护套电缆HD22.9 S2 固定敷设用低烟低腐蚀性气体单芯无护套电缆HD22.10 S1 乙丙橡胶绝缘聚氨酯护套软电缆HD22.11 S1 EVA绝缘软线和软电缆HD22.12 S1 耐热乙丙橡胶绝缘软线和软电缆HD22.13 S1 单芯和多芯交联绝缘和护套低烟低腐蚀性气体软电缆HD22.14 S2 要求高柔软性用途用软线HD22.15 S1 耐热硅橡胶橡绝缘和护套多芯电缆HD22.16 S1 防水氯丁橡胶或等效弹性体护套软电缆本文件草案经过投票表决程序后于2004年2月1日被CENELEC作为HD 22.4 S4批准公布。
电脑主板纠错灯指示信息及含义
现在(xiànzài)很多人买的主板都带有DEBUG侦错灯,借此把搜集回来的DEBUG侦错灯指示信息及其含义;拿来共享下........CF 测试(cèshì) CMOS R/W 功能性。
C0 早期的主板设定初始值: - 禁用(jìn yònɡ) shadow RAM - 禁用 L2cache(SURPER 7 构架及后期兼容构架) - 检测基本 chipset 寄存器。
C1 检测内存: -Auto- 检测DRAM（动态随机存取储存器）大小，类型(lèixíng) 和 ECC。
-Auto- 检测L2 cache (SURPER 7 构架及后期兼容构架)C3 映射(yìngshè)BIOS编码到DRAM。
C5 允许chipset将BIOS复制到地址为E000 F000的shadow RAM。
01 将Xgroup编码定位在内存地址中的1000到003 初始化Superio（超级输入输出）_Early（响应）_Init（启动）开关。
053.将空白输出到荧屏。
4.清除CMOS错误。
071.清除 8042 接口。
2.初始化 8042接口自检。
081.检测特殊的键盘控制器型号为Winbond 977 系列超级I/O（输入／输出）芯片。
2.允许使用键盘接口。
0A1.禁用PS/2 老鼠接口.(可选)2.在端口和交换接口检测完成后自动检测键盘和鼠标端口。
(可选)3.重置键盘在发现型号为Winbond 977 系列超级I/O输入／输出芯片后。
0E 检测内存地址为F000h段图像以证明是否它支持 R/ W.如果检测失败，机箱扬声器将发出警报。
10 自动检测FlashROM类型以读取合适的FlashROM R/W 编码。
在ESCD和DMI支持的情况下进入运行时间和区域的地址位F000。
12 使用步骤1’s 运算方式以确定CMOS电路的接口。
E.ON2006-Netz-Grid Code-High and extra high voltage
Grid Code High and extra high voltageE.ON Netz GmbH, BayreuthStatus: 1. April 2006Contents1 Introduction (3)framework (3)1.1 Legalframework (4)1.2 Technical1.3 Scope (4)2 The grid connection concept (4)3 Grid connection requirements (6)3.1 Requirements on all connectees (6)information (6)3.1.1 General3.1.2 Grid connection and plant design (7)power exchange (7)3.1.3 Reactiveoperation (7)3.1.4 Switchgear3.1.5 Operation during disturbances (8)interactionsand quality of supply (8)3.1.6 Networkcharacteristics (8)3.1.7 Voltagetreatment (9)3.1.8 Neutral-point3.1.9 Maintenance (9)3.2 Requirements on generating plant (9)3.2.1 General (9)output (10)power3.2.2 Activestability (12)3.2.3 Frequency3.2.4 Reactive power exchange and voltage stability (12)3.2.5 Disconnecting the generating plant from the grid (14)3.2.6 Behaviour during grid disturbances (14)3.2.7 Electricalprotection (19)3.2.8 Restoration of supply (19)3.3 Requirements placed on REA generating plants (20)3.3.1 General (20)poweroutput (20)3.3.2 Activestability (21)3.3.3 Frequency3.3.4 Restoration of supply (21)technology (22)4 Connectionprotection (22)4.1 Griddata processing (23)4.2 Real-timemetering facilities (23)4.3 Transfer5 Operation planning and power system management (24)planning (24)5.1 Operation5.2 Power system management (25)5.3 System management agreement (25)Appendix A - Glossary (27)Appendix B - The (n-1) contingency (37)Appendix C - References (38)Appendix D - Grid connection and plant design figures (39)Appendix E - Exchange of data and documentation (42)1 IntroductionE.ON Netz GmbH, hereinafter referred to as ENE, is the transmission system operator for the controlarea below. The term connectee refers to those parties who operate a connection on the ENE grid, irrespective as to whether this is used for drawing or supplying electrical energy.This grid code describes the minimum technical and organisational requirements that must be fulfilled when setting up and operating grid connections on the ENE high voltage or extra high voltage grid.Additional requirements may also be necessary for operation.framework1.1 LegalAs a transmission system operator, ENE is responsible for the operation, maintenance and, ifnecessary, the development of its transmission system.Figure 1 The control area of E.ON Netz GmbH (as per Jan. 2006)According to the Energy Industry Act, operators of transmission systems have an obligation to define the minimum technical requirements for connections to these grids.It is the connectee’s obligation to adhere to the defined grid code. The connectee guarantees that those using the connection also meet this obligation. Suitable evidence of adherence must befurnished on demand.1.2 TechnicalframeworkENE operates public three-phase transmission systems with different voltage levels and a frequency of nominal. 50 Hz.The grid code defines the minimum requirements for setting up and operating one or moreconnections on this grid. They are aimed firstly at the objective requirements for fault-free operation of the ENE grids and secondly on the importance of plant operation in line with requirements for the connectee. They are based on the generally recognised rules of technology that are continuously being adapted in line with technical advancement, and the directives that put them into concrete form for ENE, including among others the “Technisches Handbuch Netz” [1]1.The minimum requirements (regulations) of the Union for the Coordination of Transmission ofElectricity (UCTE) [2] also form the basis for operation of the transmission system.1.3 ScopeThe grid code applies to all connections to the high and extra high voltage grid of ENE. The connectee must ensure that these grid connection regulations are also observed for connections to his network within the contractual zone, insofar as these affect operation of the ENE grids.The grid code forms the technical basis of grid connection agreements. In this function, the grid code is part of every grid connection contract and supplements the latter both technically andorganisationally.The grid code also provides information to persons who, via operation of their plants, can influence the grid operation of ENE and must therefore adapt to them. In this context, they are aimed primarily at the operators of generating plants within the control area, irrespective of whether these are connected directly to the ENE grid or subordinate grids.2 The grid connection conceptA prerequisite for a new grid connection or a connection change is the agreement between ENE andthe connectee concerning a grid connection concept, which becomes part of the grid connection agreement.The technical requirements and definitions described in more detail in these grid code forms the basis of the grid connection concept.To define the grid connection concept, ENE examines on the connectee’s request whether the grid conditions (e.g. grid connection capacity, reactive power balance, short-circuit power, reliability of the capacity provision etc.) at the existing or planned grid connection point are sufficient for connecting1References in square brackets can be found in Appendix C – Referencesand operating the connectee’s plant without any unacceptable effects on the ENE grid and without impairing plant operation.To investigate an enquiry, ENE must receives, from the connectee all the necessary data and information regarding the grid connection. If it is necessary to conduct inspections on the connectee’s premises or for the design of the plant, the latter will receive the necessary data and information regarding this from ENE. The minimum scope of the data to be exchanged is listed in table form in Appendix E. The questionnaires in Appendix E must be completed in the application for the connection of a generating plant.Besides the stipulations of this grid code, the additional criteria listed below in particular are also decisive for the investigation:•Grid connection capacityconcept• Protectionexchangepower• Reactive•Continuous operating voltage, voltage band, voltage changes and voltage controlpower• Short-circuit•Neutral point treatment•Static and dynamic stabilitycoordination• Insulation•Parallel switching conditions•Harmonics and flickerspecifications• Equipment•Application of the (n-1) contingency criteria•Behaviour in the event of grid faults, e.g. participation in the 5-step planIf the investigations show that the grid conditions at the grid connection nodes are insufficient for correct operation of a connectee’s plant, ENE defines appropriate measures in the grid connection concept for adapting the connectee’s plants.If a conversion, extension, grid reinforcement or other technical changes in the ENE grid are necessary as a result of a new connection or a modification to a connectee’s plant, the necessary extension measures are stated and defined in the ENE grid connection concept.Planned modifications to plant components affecting the grid connection are agreed between ENE and the connectee. The technical documentation must be submitted in advance.Every grid connection must be dimensioned so that it is possible for ENE to operate the grids in accordance with the (n-1) contingency (see Appendix B).Further regulations must be contractually agreed and must not place other connectees at a disadvantage.Evidence of the connectee’s plants with regard to•the properties agreed between the connectee and ENE•adherence to the grid code•correct implementation of the grid connection conceptmust be furnished in a suitable form before first commissioning. If available, certificates relating to the plant can also be used for this purpose.3 Grid connection requirementsThe requirements outlined below are minimum requirements and, unless otherwise stated, must be fulfilled by a connectee’s plants at the grid connection point.3.1 Requirements on all connecteesinformation3.1.1 GeneralA connectee’s plants are, for the purpose of supplying or drawing electrical energy, connected via switching points with a disconnection function (circuit breakers and disconnectors). This connection points are defined by ENE, taking into account the prevailing grid conditions, the power and the way in which the plant operates, as well as the interests of the connectee.Based on the grid connection concept agreed with ENE, the connectee arranges for the design of the substations for which the connectee is responsible. The switchgear must be planned, set up and operated as “closed electrical operating areas” in accordance with the relevant regulations and the recognised rules of technology.In cases in which the connectee is the owner of the land or building, a suitable space must be available and accessible to ENE for accommodating primary and secondary technical equipment.The connectee and ENE must exchange at least the documentation listed in Appendix E and keep this up to date for the duration of the grid connection operation. Whenever a change is made, they should be made available to the other partner.The (n-1) contingency forms the planning basis for the high and extra high voltage grid of ENE, as described in Appendix B.In the following cases, ENE is entitled to temporarily limit the grid connection capacity or shut down the plant:•acts of God•potential risk to secure system operation• a congestion or the risk of overloading equipment•risk of islanding• a risk to static or dynamic grid stability•frequency deviation putting the system at risk•unacceptable network interactions•maintenance, repair and construction works3.1.2 Grid connection and plant designIn line with the grid-related and operational requirements, a connection to the ENE grid is made on the basis of one of the following alternatives:•Connection on a line as a single or double feeder•Connection to a busbar in a substationAppendix D contains the standard diagrams for both alternatives. In the figures, it is shown in each case which party performs switching for each equipment and the electrical position of the transformer for the metering.The plant concept and the key data of the equipment (e.g. rated voltage, short-circuit current capability, earthing concept, minimum dimensions etc.) are defined in the “Technisches Handbuch Netz, Chapter: Bauen und Errichten“ [1] that applies to ENE. The system configuration used for the grid access must be discussed between the connectee and ENE, and is agreed in the grid connection agreement.ENE plants and plant components, particularly high-voltage units, must comply with the "Technisches Handbuch Netz" [1] of ENE with regard to the technical requirements and their design. Minimum requirements as laid down in the ENE specifications, for example technical electrical data, also apply to the connectee´s plants and plant components. It is also recommended to design these completely in accordance with ENE requirements.An independent, uninterrupted power supply via a battery must be provided for all electrical auxiliary equipment (e.g. for control, communications, protection, metering or the drives of switching equipment)3.1.3 Reactive power exchangeWhen active power is taken from the ENE grid, the connectee must maintain, as standard, a power factor of cos ϕ = 0.95 (inductive) to 1 in Quadrant I at the grid connection point. A further exchange of reactive power is only permissible if this has been separately contractually agreed.The exchange of reactive power when feeding into the ENE grid is described in section 3.2.4.operation3.1.4 SwitchgearThe operation of electrical plants covers all technical and organisational activities that are necessary to keep the plants functional and safe. The activities include all operating measures, as well as electrical and non-electrical operations as described in the relevant specifications and regulations.The personnel employed for operating the switchgear must be qualified in accordance with [3] and [4]. Only skilled electricians and persons trained in electrical engineering have access to the switchgear.Appropriate instruction from ENE is required for access to ENE plants and plant components. Laypersons as defined by the specifications [3] and [4] may enter plants only when accompanied by skilled electricians or persons trained in electrical engineering.A contact partner of the connectee with switching authorisation and responsibility for plant use at the grid connection must be available for ENE to contact at all time.Operation of the grid connection, particularly switching actions and work on the grid connection, must be done in accordance with the "Technisches Handbuch Netz, chapter: Netzführung und Arbeiten im Netz" (NAN) [5].If a connectee has more than one grid connection point on the ENE grid or with other grid operators, these may not be operated interconnected through the connectee’s plants.Establishing a set voltage value for normal operation and a voltage band at the grid connection point is the responsibility of ENE.3.1.5 Operation during disturbancesBoth ENE and the connectee must inform each other immediately about special events of which they become aware, insofar as such could be of concern to the other party.Plants and grids must be designed in such a way that, if possible, faults are automatically isolated from the grid immediately and the fault is prevented from spreading.In the event of a loss of voltage resulting from a fault, modifications to the switching status of the grid connection should only be made following consultation with the responsible switching supervisor.To investigate the fault, ENE can request special checks, which the connectee must perform on his equipment if this equipment is electrically connected to the ENE grid.The partners support each other in elimination and investigation of faults.3.1.6 Network interactions and quality of supplyThe connectee’s electrical systems must be designed and set up in such a way that while in operation, interactions with the ENE’s grid and third parties are avoided, and information and signal transmissions are not unacceptably influenced.The requirements that apply here are specified in more detail in, for example, the relevant international standards [6]. On this basis, the connectee must keep evidence that his systems are not causing interference and, if necessary, provide remedial measures. Details are defined in the grid connection concept, taking into account the specific reaction variables in the particular individual case, and are agreed with the connectee.The regulations published by the VDN [7] are used to assess system interactions.3.1.7 VoltagecharacteristicsDuring normal operation, the following characteristics for the voltage in the ENE grid will be adhered to in accordance with DIN EN 50160 [8]:•The frequency is in the range of 49.5 Hz to 50.5 Hz.•The continuous operating voltage, for each nominal network voltage380-kV network: 350 – 420 kV220-kV network: 193 – 245 kV110-kV network: 96 – 123 kVThe upper value can be exceeded for up to 30 minutes. Due to artificial pollution or otherinfluences, lasting differing values can apply for the lower voltage value in the 110-kV grid.treatment3.1.8 Neutral-pointThe neutral-point treatment for the ENE grids is defined by ENE. This results in corresponding specification for dealing with neutral points belonging to the voltage level of the ENE grid, including when these are in the connectee’s network. This applies particularly to transformers and other equipment forming neutral points that may be owned by the connectee.The method to deal with neutral points not belonging to the ENE grid must be worked out in individual cases, and agreed in the grid connection agreement. If several neutral points are used simultaneously on one transformer, a corresponding concept must be worked out and agreed.In all cases, each connectee must make their own provision for treating the neutral points in their plant components. This applies particularly to the compensation of earth-fault current in networks with inductively earthed neutral points.3.1.9 MaintenanceENE and the connectee are each responsible for the maintenance of their own equipment and plant components.All plant components must be maintained in accordance with the state of the art in order to guarantee correct operation in line with the grid code.Safety-relevant plant components such as circuit breakers, batteries and protective devices must be inspected regularly according to an inspection plan.3.2 Requirements on generating plant3.2.1 GeneralIn addition to the "Requirements on all connectees" as outlined in chapter 3.1, the following minimum requirements also apply to the grid connection of generating plants.With regard to technical properties, a distinction is made between basic requirements that must be fulfilled by every generating plant and additional requirements that must be fulfilled at the request of ENE in order to ensure reliable system operation above and beyond the basic requirements. The additional requirements are contractually agreed between ENE and the operator of the generating plant.Unless stated otherwise, the requirements described below are basic requirements. The additional requirements are indicated.A distinction is made below between Type 1 and Type 2 generating plant. The definitions of these types are provided in chapters 3.2.6.1 and 3.2.6.1.The sum of rated power of all generator units at a common grid connection point is definitive for determining the rated capacity of a generating plant. This includes instances when they consist of several individual generating units.ENE must be informed in good time about the status of the extension planning for generating plants. ENE must be informed of the technical data of a generating plant (see Chapter 2).If occasional reversals of the load flow (infeed) occur at grid connections designed for drawing active power from the ENE grid, ENE and the connectee must agree on the conditions under which these reversed supply will take place.If several grid connection points are present, interconnecting the connections though the connectee´s system is not permissible as a matter of principle.3.2.2 Active power outputThe connection and operation of generating plants by the connectee must not have any unacceptable effects on the grid [6].When connecting generators, the following operating conditions must be allowed for and corresponding synchronisation and parallel switching equipment must be provided: •Normal operation (start-up of the generating plant)•Synchronisation after transition to auxiliary load, if this type of operation is technically possible with the generating plant•Connection to a de-energised islanded sub-network for the purpose of energising it Connection of a generator with a rated power of more than 50 MVA by the connectee is only permissible following approval by ENE. This is specified in more detail in the grid connection agreement.Every generating plant must be capable of operating at a reduced power output and to allow constant power changes of 1 % of the rated power per minute across the entire range between minimum and continuous power.In the event of frequency drops above the thick line in Figure 2, the active power output must not be reduced even if the generating plant is being operated at rated power.static 5%The exchange of active power by each generating plant with the grid must be technically configured to achieve ENE’s specified setpoint values.It must also be possible for ENE to control the circuit breaker connecting the generating plants.3.2.3 FrequencystabilityAll generating plants meeting the necessary technical and operational requirements can be used for the provision of primary control power, secondary control power and minute reserve. To this end, a prequalification process must be passed during which details concerning the control band, ramp rate of power, period of provision, availability etc. will be determined. Consumers can also participate in secondary control power and provision of minute reserve by way of controllable loads.Every generating plant with a rated capacity of ≥100 MW must be capable of supplying primary control power. This is a prerequisite for connection to the grid. ENE is entitled to exempt individual generating plants from this obligation.Generating plants with a rated capacity of < 100 MW can, by agreement with ENE, also be used to secure the primary control .The following requirements must be met for the primary control :•The primary control band must be at least ± 2 % of the rated power.•The frequency power droop characteristic must be adjustable.•Given a quasi-stationary frequency deviation of ± 200 mHz, it must be possible to activate the total primary control power range required by the generating plant evenly in 30s and to supply it for at least 15 min.•The primary control power must be again available 15 min after activation, provided that the setpoint frequency has been reached again.•In the event of smaller frequency deviations, the same rate of power change applies until the required power is reached.•The insensitivity range must be less than ± 10 mHz.3.2.4 Reactive power exchange and voltage stabilityWith active power output, every generating plant must fulfil, as a basic requirement, at the grid connection point the range of reactive power provision shown in Figure 4. As an additional requirement ENE can, in justified cases, agree an extended or different reactive power exchange.The reactive power exchange by each generating plant with the grid must be technically configured to achieve ENE’s specified setpoint values.Generally, it must be possible to pass, within a few minutes, through the agreed configuration range for the power factor at the rated active power output. The entire process must be possible as often as required.If necessary, equipment must be provided as an additional requirement in the generating plant so that voltage and reactive power regulation can be carried out.The operating point for the stationary steady state reactive power exchange at the active power output is defined by ENE in the grid connection agreement depending on the requirements of the grid. The definition refers to one of the following three possibilities:•Power factor (cos ϕ)•Reactive power level (Q in Mvar)•Voltage level (U in kV), if necessary with tolerance bandThe operating points are defined by the following possibilities:•Agreement of a value or, if necessary, a schedule•Online setpoint value specificationIn the case of online specification of setpoint value, the respective new specifications for the operating point of the reactive power exchange must be realised at the grid connection point after no more than one minute.If the reactive power exchange alters, step changes corresponding to a reactive power of more than 2.5 % of the grid connection capacity in the high voltage grid and 5 % in the extra high voltage grid are not permissible. ENE can also permit a greater range in certain justified cases.Switching-related voltage changes at the grid connection point must not exceed 2 % in the entire operating range of the generating plant and also in the case of reactive power exchange in the limit range. For generating plants used for the base load, it is possible to agree on a higher value.The block or power transformer must be fitted with a tap changer that must be harmonised with the properties of the generating plant (control range and step size).If the generating plant is not running its auxiliary service requirements are covered from the ENE grid, the conditions for reactive power exchange as stated in Chapter 3.1.3 apply. In justified cases, ENE can permit a greater reactive power exchange.3.2.5 Disconnecting the generating plant from the gridAt frequencies between 47.5 Hz and 51.5 Hz, automatic disconnection from the grid due to the frequency deviation from 50 Hz is not permissible. When 47.5 Hz or 51.5 Hz is reached, automatic disconnection from the grid must take place without delay. In individual cases, ENE can specify a different set value, e.g. for realising the 5-step plan for grid faults [9].If the grid frequency rises to a value of more than 50.5 Hz, ENE can demand, as an additional requirement, a reduction of the active power output as shown in Figure 3.If there is provision for transition to auxiliary load, when the voltage falls at the grid connection point to a value of 85 % or less of the reference voltage (380/220/110 kV, e.g. 110 kV x 0.85 = 93.5 kV), the generating plant must be disconnected from the grid after a time delay of 5 seconds. The voltage value refers to the highest value of the three line-to-line grid voltages.In the case of Type 2 generating plants, this function must be carried out in accordance with Point3.2.6.2.In the event of a loss of stability, the generating plant must automatically disconnect itself from the grid in order to prevent multiple slip-through. The disconnection concept for loss of synchronism must be presented to and agreed with ENE.The point at which the disconnection is made must be agreed with ENE within the framework of the grid connection concept.3.2.6 Behaviour during grid disturbancesPhase swinging or power oscillations must not trigger of the generating plant protection or a capacity disconnection. Regulation of the generating plant must not stimulate phase swinging or power oscillations. Stability-related variables of turbine and generator control must be agreed between the operator of the generating plant and ENE.For generators, equipment for damping phase swinging or power oscillations may be necessary, e.g. power system stabilizer (PSS). When required, ENE agrees with the generating plant operator the configuration of the necessary equipment. Via this measure, it must be ensured that the static stabilityfor every operating point within the generator power diagram is guaranteed and that steady state operation is possible when there is rated short circuit power on the high voltage side of at least four times the generating plant’s rated active power and a voltage on the high voltage side of at least the network rated voltage.Following the clearance of a fault in the ENE grid and in the case of automatic three-pole reclosure, the operator or a generating plant must expect that the voltages in ENE grids and at the connectee’s grid connection can be asynchronous. The operator of the generating plant must take measures to ensure that automatic reclosure in the transmission operator’s grid does not cause damage to his generating plants.A disturbance is only considered cleared when the generating plant has resumed normal operation, and not simply after performing fault clearing.The requirements in the event of faults in the grid must be adhered to for the range between the minimum and maximum short-circuit power present at the grid connection point, and the connectee must provide evidence of it.3.2.6.1 Behaviour of Type 1 generating plants in the event of faults in the gridA Type 1 generating plant refers to a synchronous generator connected directly to the grid.Three-phase short circuits must not cause instability or a disconnection from the grid when for fault-clearing times of up to 150 ms in the entire operating range of the generating plant.Figure 5 shows the limit curve for the voltage pattern at the grid connection in the case of a three-phase short circuit, above which Type 1 generating plants may not be disconnected from the mains。
Ramset HD22 操作说明书和培训手册
MODEL hD22LOW VELOCITY POWDER ACTUATED TOOL Operator's Instruction & Training Manual• T he Ramset HD22 is a light duty tool designed for applications such as small room additions and basement remodels. Tool life will vary depending on work siteconditions and application.• T he model HD22 is a low velocity piston type fastening tool. It is designed for use with Ramset .22 caliber CW powder loads and Ramset fasteners.• D o not operate the Model HD22 before studying this manual carefully and thoroughly understanding the material contained herein.IMPORTANT: T he tool warranty is only activated upon receipt by ITW Brands of the completed Operator's Exam.Part #00022Rev. 8/07RD v001MAWARRANTYALL WARRANTIES OF THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES ARE SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED, EXCEPT FOR THE FOLLOWING: ITW BRANDS WILL REPAIR OR REPLACE AT ITS SOLE OPTION ANY TOOL PART OR FASTENER WHICH WITHIN 90 DAYS AFTER SALE BY ITW BRANDS IS FOUND BY ITW BRANDS TO BE DEFECTIVE IN MATERIAL OR WORKMANSHIP , NORMAL WEAR AND TEAR EXCLUDED. THIS IS THE SOLE WARRANTY OF ITW BRANDS AND THE SOLE REMEDY AVAILABLE TO THE BUYER. NOTE: It is very important that the operator of this tool completely reads and under-stands the entire tool manual and completes the Operator's Exam on the last page. The warranty will not be valid until the test is received, along with a copy of your sales receipt, and reviewed by ITW Brands. Operator's license can also be obtained at: TO AVOID SERIOUS INJURY OR DEAThOperators and bystanders must wear eye and hearingprotection.Never close tool with hand over fastener loading end of the tool.A serious hand injury from penetration by the piston or adischarged fastener could result.Read manual beforeoperating tool.WARRANTYSAFETY PRECAUTIONS1SAFETY PRECAUTIONSWARNING!The following pages contain detailed warnings, cautions, and rules of safe operation with which theoperator must be familiar and follow to avoid serious injury or death. After thorough-ly reviewing this manual, complete the Operator's Exam and return to ITW Brands for your Operator's Card and to activate your warranty.BEFORE LOADING AND FIRING PROTECT YOURSELF AND OThERS1. N ever place your hand or fingers over the front muzzle of the tool - the fastener or piston can seriously injure your hand in the event of an accidental discharge.2. A lways use only Ramset fasteners and loads at all times for consistent tool functioning.3. O perators and bystanders must wear eye and hearing protection at all times. Serious eye injury and hearing loss can result if proper gear is not worn.4. K eep work area clear and where required always post warning signs when using the tool. Sign should state, "Powder Actuated Tool in Use" and can be obtained by contacting Technical Services at 1-877-ITW-BRANDS (1-877-489-2726).IMPORTANT: In orderto activate your warranty,you must read thismanual thoroughly, complete the exam and return to the address onthe back page of this manual.1. P rior to using the tool, make sure it is unloaded and then do the functional check: Check the functioning of the tool, without a powder load or fastener, by pushing down against the work surface, making sure the groove on the barrel aligns with the markings on the receiver. Repeat this several times to insure tool is operating properly.2. A lways check the material being fastened into, by performing the Center Punch Test: Using a fastener as a center punch, strike the fastener against the work surface using an average hammer blow and check the results. Wear eyeprotection while performing this test.3. I f the base material is suitable for powder actuated fasteners, make a test fastening into a suitable base material with a num-ber 1 (gray) load. If the number 1 load does not fully set the fastener, try the next higher power load until the proper level is found. Failure to properly test fire to determine correct power level may result in overpowering the fastener, causing it to pass completely through the work material, injuring someone on the other side. Overpowering the fastener may also damage the tool.SAFETY PRECAUTIONSSAFETY PRECAUTIONS21. I f the fastener point is blunted, material is too hard.2. I f material cracks or shatters, material is too brittle.3. I f the fastener pen-etrates the material easily, material is too soft.4. I f the fastener makes small indentation into material, material is suitable for fastening.(Typical base materials: poured concrete, structural steel and masonry.)use with Ramset tools. Do not attempt to use other power loads. Doing so may lead to unintentional load discharge as well as damage to the tool. This tool is NOT designed to use red (5) or purple (6) power level loads. Using red (5) or purple (6) loads can result in serious injury to the operator or bystanders.SAFETY PRECAUTIONS3SAFETY PRECAUTIONS1. A lways point the tool away from people and in a safe direction.2. N ever use tool when explosives or flam-mable materials are nearby.3.N ever fire the tool without a fastener. The piston will protrude from the muzzle of the tool, enter the work surface and possibly cause injury to the operator or a bystander. Firing without a fastener may also damage the tool.4. A lways hold the tool perpendicular to the work surface to avoid serious injury or death from ricocheting fasteners. Use a spall guard* whenever possible.5.N ever set a fastener too close to another fastening or a free edge. This can cause the fastener to ricochet. Always follow the minimum spacing and edge distance requirements.6. N ever fire into very hard or brittle mate-rials such as cast iron, tile, glass or rock. These materials can shatter, causing sharp fragments and/or the fastener to fly freely.* T o order optional spall guard,call 1-877-ITW-BRANDS (1-877-489-2726)SAFETY PRECAUTIONSSAFETY PRECAUTIONS47. N ever fasten into structural steelmaterial thinnerthan 3/16". Nevertimes shankpenetration.Always minimum penetration requirements.8. F astening into block and masonry is joints only. Published holding values inconsistency of the materials.9. N ever maintain at least 1/2" distance from pre-drilled or pre-punched hole.10. S hould you decide not to make a after the tool has been loaded, always remove the powder load first, then the fastener. Never attempt to pry an unfired load out of the tool. Call The Technical Department at 1-877-ITW-BRANDS (1-877-489-2726) for assistance.1. N ever leave a loaded tool unattended. Someone may pick it up, not know it is loaded and accidentally discharge the tool causing serious injury or death. Never load the tool until you are prepared to complete the fastening. Always store loads and tool, unloaded, under lock and key.SAFETY PRECAUTIONS5SAFETY PRECAUTIONS2. N ever carry fasteners or other hard objects in the same pocket or container with powder loads. The loads could be set off, causing serious injury or death.3. A person that is color blind must be extra careful when loading the tool. One must only take a load from a box that is identi-fied by powder load number. Never use loose loads that can be misidentified.4. P owder loads must never be used in fire-arms. They are more powerful than the charges normally used in small firearms. This could result in serious injury or death.1. A powder actuated fastener, after it has been installed, is considered a permanent fastening. Do not attempt to pull a fastener out of concrete or steel. Attempting to do so may result in serious injury.1. I f the tool fails to fire, hold the tool firmly against the material for 30 seconds. Remove the tool from the work surface, open the barrel to reset the piston. Re-chamber the load and repeat firing sequence. If the tool fails to fire again, hold for 30 seconds, unload the tool, and then discard the load into a bucket of water. Never attempt to pry an unfired load out of the tool. Call The Technical Department at 1-877-ITW-BRANDS (1-877-489-2726) for assistance.SAFETY PRECAUTIONSSAFETY PRECAUTIONS6.300 head Plastic Fluted Drive Pins Shank Shank Length Diameter 1/2" .145 5/8" .145 3/4" .145 1" .145 1-1/4" .145 1-1/2" .145 1-3/4" .145 2" .145 2-3/8" .1452-1/2".145.300 head Plastic Fluted Drive Pinwith 7/8" WasherShank Shank Length Diameter 1" .145 1-1/4" .145 1-1/2" .145 2" .145 2-1/2" .1452. N ever unload or disassemble a jammed, stuck or broken tool which contains a live powder load. This may cause the tool to fire unintentionally. Always point a jammed tool away from yourself and other people. Immediately store a jammed or broken tool in a locked container after tagging it "Defective - Do Not Use". Call 1-877-ITW-BRANDS (1-877-489-2726) for technical assistance.RAMSET FASTENER SELECTION GUIDECAUTION!Be sure to read and understand all safety precautionsand complete the Operator's Exam before attempting to operate the tool. Check to be sure the tool is unloaded and no foreign objects or fasteners are in the barrel. Perform daily function test before operating.OPERATIONCheck the functioning of the tool, without a powder load or fastener in the tool, by pushing down against the work surface, checking to be sure the groove portion of the barrel aligns with the arrows on the tool body. Function unloaded tool several times and insure that the breech parts and firing mechanism operate freely before fastening with the tool.1. P oint the tool in a safe direction and slidethe barrel forward with your other hand.This action resets the piston for the nextfastening. Loss of power may be the resultof an improperly reset piston.2. P lace a fastener, point out, into the frontend of the barrel until the plastic fluted tipfits inside. Always load the fastener beforeinserting the power load to prevent acci-dental discharge.Do not use excessiveforce when inserting the fastener. Stop ifexcessive force is required and call 1-877ITW-BRANDS for technical assistance.3. I nsert the powder load after making surethe chamber is clear. The powder load willnot fully set until the tool is compressedagainst the work surface. Always startwith the lowest level and increase until theproper level is found. Note: Overpoweringa fastener into steel or concrete isdangerous.Note: Before making the fastening, the base material should be center punch tested for suitability of powder actuated fastenings (see pg. 2).TOOL OPERATION 7TOOL OPERATIONTOOL OPERATIONTOOL OPERATION84. C lose tool by pulling the barrel back to the semi-closed position. Never attempt to close the tool by exerting force on the front of the barrel. Never place your fingers or hands over the muzzle end of the bar-rel. The proper position of the hands and fingers are shown in the illustration.5. W ith the tool in the semi-closed position, place it against the material to be fastened. Hold the tool firmly at 90º with one hand and completely depress, check to be sure the groove on the barrel aligns with the marking on the receiver.6. U sing a one pound hammer, strike the firing pin button with a sharp, firm blow. If the tool fails to fire, follow the misfire procedure on page 5.Note: It is important to strike the firing pin button firmly and squarely. A light blow or one off-center may not activate the load, however it will jar the piston out of position which will cause a reduction in power. (See Troubleshooting, page 10.)7. T o prepare for the next fastening, point the tool in a safe direction, and slide the barrel firmly forward. This action ejects the fired load out of the tool and properly resets the piston. The tool is now ready for the nextfastening.Semi-close positionThOROUGh CLEANINGTo maintain your tool in good working condition, it is recommended that the tool be cleaned after heavy use or constant exposure to dirt and debris. Call 1-877-ITW-BRANDS (1-877-489-2726) for service information.TROUBLEShOOTING 9 TROUBLEShOOTINGTOOL FAILS TO FIREThere are three causes for most all misfires.INCONSISTENT FASTENER SETTINGThe major reason for inconsistent fastening is the improper position of the piston. There are two reasons for an improperly positioned piston:1. Failure to completely reset the piston.2. A missed hit of the rear button.In both cases the barrel must be fullyextended to reset the piston.Note: It is a good practice to fully extend thebarrel and re-chamber the load after the tool isimproperly struck causing a misfire, and afterthe misfire procedure has been followed.• F iring pin button strucktoo lightly• F iring pin buttonstruck off center• T ool not completelycompressedTROUBLEShOOTINGTROUBLEShOOTING10PISTON OVERDRIVEPiston overdrive is a problem that occurs after the tool is fired. The piston may extend into the work surface as much as 1/2". Piston overdrive can occur because of several reasons:• Powder load too strong • Soft base material • V oid in the masonry material that you're fastening into.• Incorrect fastener selection.TO AvOID PISTON OvERDRIvE • D ecrease power level. Note: Always make test fastenings with lightest load and increase until proper level is found.• M ake sure base material is checked according to the Center Punch Test.• W hen fastening into masonry, always make fastenings into horizontal joints.• C heck page 12, "How to Select a Power Actuated Fastener."Caution: Constant overdrive will damage the tool beyond repair. For technicalassistance or service information call 1-877-ITW-BRANDS (1-877-489-2726).Note: When overdrive occurs, the piston may jam into the front barrel. In this case be sure the tool is unloaded, turn the tool upside down and place on the work surface. Strike the exposed piston with a hammer until it moves downward into thebarrel. Reset the piston. Wear safety goggles when performing this task.Whenfastening into concretealwaysmaintain a minimum3" spacing between fastenings and 3" from any free edge. Penetration into concrete should always be 1" (see page 12, "How to Select a Powder Actuated Fastener"). The concrete thickness should be at least 3 times the penetration depth.When fastening into steel always maintain a minimum 1-1/2" spacing between fasten-ings and 1/2" from any free edge. Fastener length should be long enough to penetrate the steel completely (see page 12) Steel thickness is limited to 3/16" to 5/16".APPLICATIONS11APPLICATIONS7/8" washer provides a greater bearing sur-face to the wood member, minimizing uplift.Fastener should penetrate steel completely for maximum holding power.When fastening into masonry, shoot into horizontal joints only.hOW TO SELECT A POWDER ACTUATED FASTENERSAFETY PRECAUTIONS12DETERMINE FASTENER TYPEDrive pins are used to directly fasten an object (permanent installation). Threaded studs are used where the object fastened may later be removed or where shimming is required. The following shows how to determine shank and thread length:PERMANENT INSTALLATION1A To Concrete1BTo SteelofMinimum Thickness Required Shank Length = of Material + Penetration (M) (P)Minimum Thickness ThicknessShank Length = of Material + of Steel + 1/4" min. pt. (M) (S) allowanceMinimum Thickness of 1/4" min. pt.Shank Length = Steel (S) +allowanceThread Thickness Allowance* Length = of Material + for (A) (M) Nut &Washer Shank Length = Required Penetration (P)Thread Thickness Allowance* Length = of Material + for (A) (M) Nut &WasherREMOVABLE INSTALLATION2A To Concrete2B To Steel*Allowance for thickness of nut & washer = thread size (i.e. allow 1/4" for 1/4-20 thread, etc.)OPERATOR'S ExAMINATION 13 OPERATOR'S ExAMINATIONAfter studying and understanding the material in this tool manual, answer the following questions. Complete the information on the other side of this page. Enclose a copy of your sales receipt and send to the address on the back of this manual to activate your tool warranty and receive your tool license. Operator's license can also be obtained at: 1. S afety goggles and hearing protection must always be worn by the operator and any neces-sary bystanders when using the tool.■True■False2. T he strongest power level should be tried first when making the first fastening.■True■False3. N ever attempt to fire the tool until the muzzle end is compressed against the work surface and you are ready to make a fastening.■True■False4. S heet rock, drywall board, wood, fiberglass, ceramic tile, brick and thin sheet metal are examples of materials not to be fastened into.■True■False5. A powder actuated tool can be safely used in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.■True■False6. M alfunctioning tools can be used and do not have to be removed from service immediately?■True■False7. W hen operating a powder actuated tool, your hand should never be placed in front of the tool muzzle.■True■False8. Poured concrete and structural steel are suitable materials for fastening into.■True■False9. T o determine the suitability of a base material, use a fastener as a center punch as follows: A) I f the fastener is blunted, do not fasten; thematerial is too hard. ■True■False B) I f the fastener penetrates easily, do not fasten;the material is too soft.■True■False C) I f the material cracks or shatters, do not fasten;the material is too brittle.■True■False 10. I n concrete, a fastener should be driven nocloser to a free edge than 3".■True■False11. W hen fastening into concrete, the basematerial should be greater than the shank penetration by at least 3 times.■True■False 12. D o not drive fasteners into steel that is thinnerthan 3/16".■True■False13. P owder actuated tools, fasteners and loads,must always be kept in a secure, locked area when not in use to avoid access by unauthor-ized persons.■True■False14. W hen considering the safety of a particularapplication, the operator must think about all of the following: a) the powder load power level, b) the operator's safety, c) the safety of bystanders and fellow workers, d) the base or receiving material.■True■False15. I t is not necessary to read the Operator'sManual prior to operating the Model HD22 low velocity powder actuated tool.■True■False16. T he best way to check the receiving materialis to set several fasteners using the most powerful load.■True■False17. P iston overdrive is caused by overpoweringof the tool or by discharging the tool againsta soft surface.■True■False18. O ne should never attempt to pry a stuck loadout of a tool.■True■False19. P lacing a hand over the muzzle end of a loadedtool can result in serious injury from piston overdrive or an escaping fastener if the tool is discharged accidentally.■True■FalseSigned ____________________________ Date ______________________________LICENSE AND WARRANTY ACTIVATIONThe Model HD22 Tool is warranted for 90 days from date of purchase.I certify that I have read and understand the Model HD22 Tool Operator's Instruction and Training Manual and have taken the Operator's Exam on the reverse side.(Please Print Clearly)The serial number on my tool is: ______________________________________ Please send my tool license to:Name ___________________________________________________________ Address _________________________________________________________ City _______________________State ________________Zip _____________ Phone ___________________________________________________________ Email ___________________________________________________________o Yes. I would like to receive product updates and information from Ramset.RETURN TO:In uSAITW BrandsATTN: License Coordinator955 National Parkway, Suite 95500 Schaumburg, IL 60173In CANADAITW Construction Products ATTN: Retail Marketing 120 Travail Road, Markham Ontario, L3S 3J1。
迈德斯MIDAS U-PHORIA UMC202HD 2x2,24位 192kHz USB音频接口说
Audiophile 2x2, 24-Bit/192 kHzUSB Audio Interface withMIDAS Mic Preamplifi ersThe incredible U-PH ORIA UMC202H Dbridges the gap between your creativity and your fans. This blazingly fast USB 2.0 studio in a box will have you recording your next masterpiece in minutes with all the connectivity required for your microphones, guitars, keyboards and even MIDI devices.Record the perfect vocal right to your computer-based DAW thanks to the 4 astonishingly pure, world-class MIDAS-designed mic preamps, which include +48 Volt phantom power for condenser microphones, all going through studio-grade 24-Bit/192 kHz converters for the best possible sound quality. Whether you’re a singer-songwriter, producer on the go, or just need a rock-solid interface for running backing tracks at a gig, the ultra-dependable U-PHORIA UMC202HD will help you shine in the digital domain.Studio in a Little Black Box When it’s time to make recording history on your Mac or Windows computer, plug in microphones, instruments or line level sources to the UMC202H D’s 2 combination XLR/T RS inputs for the ultimate in studio fl exibility! Connect and communicate with MIDI devices to add the benefi t of control surfaces to your studio workfl ow.#2x2 USB 2.0 audio interfacefor recording microphonesand instruments#Audiophile 24-Bit/192 kHz resolutionfor professional audio quality#Compatible with popularrecording software includingAvid Pro Tools*, Ableton Live*,Steinberg Cubase*, etc.#Streams 2 inputs / 2 outputs withultra-low latency to your computer,supporting Mac* OS X* andWindows XP* or higher# 2 state-of-the-art, MIDASdesigned Mic Preamplifi ers with+48 V phantom power#Zero-latency directmonitoring while recording#Powerful Phones output with Levelcontrol and Direct Monitor select#Status, Signal and Clip indicationsfor perfect overview#USB port for connection and power#Free audio recording,editing and podcasting softwareplus 150 instrument/eff ect plug-insdownloadable at #“Built-like-a-tank”, impact-resistantmetal chassis#3-Year Warranty Program**#Conceived and designed byBEHRINGER Germany*Mac and OS X are trademarks of Apple Inc. Windows XP is aregistered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United Statesand other countries. All third-party trademarks are the property ofAudiophile 2x2, 24-Bit/192 kHzUSB Audio Interface withMIDAS Mic Preamplifi ers192 kHz PrecisionYou take your tracks seriously, and the UMC202HD respects that, providing up to 192 kHz resolutionfor even the most demanding applications in music as well as video post production. Work withconfi dence and accuracy in your favorite recording software for professional results every time.MIDAS - The Legend in Sound QualityEver since its formation in the 1970s, MIDAS has had a long history of innovation and leadership in the world of audio mixing consoles. Employed by the most famous touring acts and installations world-wide, legendary MIDAS consoles such as the XL4 and Heritage H3000 quickly became industry standards.MIDAS has earned their impeccable reputation due to their no-compromise approach for audio and build quality and in particular for their Award-winning Mic Preamps which are considered by industry experts as the industry’s best sounding designs. Building on this legacy, the XL8 and PRO Series of Live Mixing Systems continue this great heritage of Award-winning audio quality.BEHRINGER is proud to incorporate a MIDAS designed mic preamp for the ultimate in high-quality audio reproduction in both live and studio environments. Find out more about MIDAS’ amazing legacy by visiting their extensive website .Audiophile 2x2, 24-Bit/192 kHzUSB Audio Interface withMIDAS Mic Preamplifi ers“Zero-Latency” MonitoringThe UMC202H D mix control allows zero-latency direct monitoring, which means musicians canexperience their performance clearly – with no delay or lag in the returning signal, resulting in abetter performance and recording. A powerful phones output has its own level control and MonitorA/B source select for DJ-style cueing. To make it a done-deal, we provide free audio recording,editing and podcasting software, plus 150 instrument / eff ects plug-ins – just a download away at.Getting ConnectedOn the rear panel of the UMC202HD, you’ll fi nd the USB 2.0 port for simple and easy connectionto your computer, along with plenty of analog playback options including ¼" TRS, RCA and XLR.The UMC202HD also features 2 analog Inserts for use with external eff ects such as compressors,gates and EQs, etc. Built-in MIDI I/O allows you to connect keyboards and all your favorite outboardMIDI hardware.Tracktion - Record, Edit, Mix and ShareTracktion is one of the world’s fastest and easiest Digital Audio Workstations (DAW) for composing,recording, editing, mixing and sharing your music with the world. Featuring a single-screeninterface, and pushing the envelope in design elegance, Tracktion brings together outstanding ProDAW features, such as dynamic automation, unlimited track count, MIDI recording and support forVST and AU plug-ins. This powerful music production software gives you all the tools of an entireprofessional-grade recording studio. Learning a DAW has never been easier, thanks to their vast andreadily available library of resources.As our way of saying “Thank You”, when you register your (insert the product name) at, we’ll reward you with a complimentary download code for the full versionof Tracktion 4. Recording and editing couldn’t be easier. To learn more about Tracktion, visit/support/videos.Audiophile 2x2, 24-Bit/192 kHzUSB Audio Interface withMIDAS Mic Preamplifi ersEverything You Need to Sound AmazingThe U-PHORIA UMC202HD is a powerful 2 input, 2 output USB recording interface featuring genuineMIDAS-designed mic preamps with exceptional 24-Bit/192 kHz high-resolution converters, designedto help your recordings and mixes sound their absolute best. Visit your local dealer or online resellerand fi nd out what a great addition to any studio or mobile recording rig it can be.You Are CoveredWe always strive to provide the best possible Customer Experience. Our products are made in ourown MUSIC Group factory using state-of-the-art automation, enhanced production workfl ows andquality assurance labs with the most sophisticated test equipment available in the world. As a result,we have one of the lowest product failure rates in the industry, and we confi dently back it up with agenerous 3-Year Warranty program.Audiophile 2x2, 24-Bit/192 kHz USB Audio Interface with MIDAS Mic Preamplifi ersFor service, support or more information contact the BEHRINGER location nearest you:EuropeM USIC Group Services UK Tel: +44 156 273 2290USA/Canada M USIC Group Services NV Inc.Tel: +1 702 800 8290Japan M USIC Group Services JP K.K.Tel.: +81 3 6231 0454Audiophile 2x2, 24-Bit/192 kHzUSB Audio Interface withMIDAS Mic Preamplifi ers。
JESD22-A114D(HBM)
JEDECSTANDARD Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Sensitivity Testing Human Body Model (HBM)JESD22-A114D(Revision of JESD22-A114C.01, March 2005)MARCH 2006JEDEC SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATIONNOTICEJEDEC standards and publications contain material that has been prepared, reviewed, and approved through the JEDEC Board of Directors level and subsequently reviewed and approvedby the JEDEC legal counsel.JEDEC standards and publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for use by those other than JEDEC members, whether the standard is tobe used either domestically or internationally.JEDEC standards and publications are adopted without regard to whether or not their adoption may involve patents or articles, materials, or processes. By such action JEDEC does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adoptingthe JEDEC standards or publications.The information included in JEDEC standards and publications represents a sound approach to product specification and application, principally from the solid state device manufacturer viewpoint. Within the JEDEC organization there are procedures whereby a JEDEC standard or publication may be further processed and ultimately become an ANSI/EIA standard.No claims to be in conformance with this standard may be made unless all requirements stated inthe standard are met.Inquiries, comments, and suggestions relative to the content of this JEDEC standard or publication should be addressed to JEDEC at the address below, or call (703) 907-7559 orPublished by©JEDEC Solid State Technology Association 20062500 Wilson BoulevardArlington, VA 22201-3834This document may be downloaded free of charge; however JEDEC retains thecopyright on this material. By downloading this file the individual agrees not tocharge for or resell the resulting material.PRICE: Please refer to the currentCatalog of JEDEC Engineering Standards and Publications online at/Catalog/catalog.cfmPrinted in the U.S.A.All rights reservedJEDEC Standard No. 22-A114DPage 1Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)TEST METHOD A114DELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) SENSITIVITY TESTINGHUMAN BODY MODEL (HBM)(From JEDEC Board Ballot JCB-00-27, JCB-04-103, JCB-04-104, JCB-04-105, JCB-05-137, and JCB-05-138 formulated under the cognizance of JC-14.1 Committee on Reliability Test Methods for Packaged Devices.)1 ScopeThis method establishes a standard procedure for testing and classifying microcircuits according to their susceptibility to damage or degradation by exposure to a defined electrostatic Human Body Model (HBM) discharge (ESD). The objective is to provide reliable, repeatable HBM ESD test results so that accurate classifications can be performed.2 ApparatusThis test method requires the following equipment. 2.1 An ESD pulse simulator and a Device Under Test (DUT) socket equivalent to the circuit ofFigure 1. The simulator must be capable of supplying pulses with the characteristics required by Figure 2 and Figure 3.2.2 OscilloscopeThe oscilloscope and amplifier combination shall have a 350 MHz minimum single-shot bandwidth and a visual writing speed of 4 cm/ns minimum. 2.3 Current probeThe current probe shall have a minimum pulse-current bandwidth of 350 MHz. The probe (transformer and cable with a nominal length of 1 meter) shall have a 1 GHz bandwidth, a minimum current rating of 12 amperes peak pulse-current capability and a rise time of less than one nanosecond.2.4 Evaluation loadsAn 18-24 AWG tinned copper wire is recommended for the short waveform verification test. The lead length should be as short as practicable to span the distance between the two farthest pins in the socket while passing through the current probe. The ends of the wire may be ground to a point where clearance is needed to make contact on fine-pitch socket pins.A 500 Ω +/-1%, 4000 V, low-inductance resistor shall be used for initial system checkout and periodic system recalibration.JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114D Page 2Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)2 Apparatus (cont’d)2.5 CalibrationAll apparatus used for tester evaluation shall be calibrated according to a documented, traceable calibration system and in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.Figure 1 — Typical equivalent HBM ESD circuitNOTE 1 The performance of any simulator is influenced by its parasitic capacitance and inductance.NOTE 2 Precautions must be taken in tester design to avoid recharge transients and multiple pulses.NOTE 3 R2, used for initial equipment qualification and requalification as specified in 3.1, shall be a low inductance, 4000 V, 500 Ω resistor with +/-1% tolerance.NOTE 4 Stacking of DUT socket adaptors (piggybacking) is allowed only if the waveforms can be verified to meet the specifications in Table 1.NOTE 5 Reversal of terminals A and B to achieve dual polarity is not permitted.NOTE 6 S2 shall be closed at least 10 milliseconds after the pulse delivery period to ensure the DUT socket is not left in a charged state.NOTE 7 R1, 1500 Ω +/- 1%.NOTE 8 C1, 100 pF +/- 10% (effective capacitance).JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114DPage 3Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)2 Apparatus (cont’d)(a) Pulse rise time, (t r )(b) Pulse decay time, (t d )Figure 2 — Current waveforms through a shorting wireI ps36.8%JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114D Page 4Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)2 Apparatus (cont’d)Figure 3 — Current waveform through a 500 Ω resistor** The 500 Ω load is used only during Equipment Qualification as specified in 3.1. 2.6 Optional trailing pulse detection apparatusThe following are required to conduct the optional trailing pulse detection in Figure 4.1. A voltage probe with a minimum input impedance of 10M Ω, a maximum capacitance of 10 pF, a minimum bandwidth of 1 MHz, and a minimum peak-to-peak voltage rating of 15 V.2. A 10k Ω +/- 1%, 4000 V resistor.3. A Zener diode with breakdown voltage between 6 V and 15 V and a rating between ¼ watt and 1 watt.JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114DPage 5Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)2 Apparatus (cont’d)Measurement setup:-load = 10k ohm-parallel Zener diode (Vbd ~ 10V) for probe/scope protectionmain ESD pulse (off scale)second ESD pulse (off scale)trailing pulseAt 2 kVFigure 4 — Measurement setup and typical voltage waveform for detecting trailing EOS pulse(optional) 3Qualification, calibration, and waveform verification3.1 Equipment qualificationEquipment calibration must be performed during initial acceptance testing. Recalibration is required whenever equipment repairs are made that may affect the waveform and a minimum of every 12 months. The tester must meet the requirements of Table 1 and Figure 2 at all voltage levels, except 8000 V, using the shorting wire and at the 1000 V and 4000 V levels with the 500 Ω resistor (see Figure 3). The 8000 V level is optional. The waveform measurements during calibration shall be made using the worst-case pin on the highest pin count board with a positive mechanical clamp socket. (Machine repeatability should be verified during initial equipment acceptance by performing a minimum of 5 consecutive positive and a minimum of 5 consecutive negative waveforms at a voltage level in Table 2.)The high-voltage relays and associated high-voltage circuitry shall be tested by the user of computer-controlled systems per the equipment manufacturer's instructions (system diagnostics). This test will check for any open or short relays.JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114D Page 6 Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)3 Qualification, calibration , and waveform verification (cont’d)Table 1 — Waveform SpecificationVoltage Level (V) Ipeak for Short†, Ips (A) Ipeak for 500 Ω* Ipr (A) Rise Timefor Short, t r(ns) Rise Time for 500 Ω* t rr (ns) Decay Time for Short, t d (ns)Ringing Current I R (A) 250 0.15-0.19 N/A 2.0-10 N/A 130-170 15% of Ips 500 0.30-0.37 N/A 2.0-10 N/A 130-17015% of Ips1000 0.60-0.74 0.37-0.55 2.0-10 5.0-25 130-17015% of Ips2000 1.20-1.48 N/A 2.0-10 N/A 130-17015% of Ips4000 2.40-2.96 1.5-2.2 2.0-10 5.0-25 130-17015% of Ips and Ipr 8000 (optional)4.80-5.86N/A2.0-10N/A130-17015% of Ips† Ipeak is the current through R1, that is, approximately V/1500 Ω.* The 500 Ω load is used only during equipment qualification as specified in 3.1.3.1.1 Safety trainingDuring initial equipment set-up, the safety engineer or applicable safety representative, shall inspect the equipment in its operating location to ensure that the equipment is not operated in a combustible (hazardous) environment.Additionally, all personnel shall receive system operational training and electrical safety training prior to using the equipment.JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114DPage 7Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)3 Qualification, calibration, and waveform verification (cont’d)3.1.2 Detection of trailing EOS pulse (optional)Some HBM testers are known to produce a trailing electrical pulse. Some advanced technologies may be vulnerable to these pulses resulting in an electrical overstress (EOS). If trailing pulses are of concern for the technology under test, then any trailing pulse after the HBM pulse must be less than 4 μA at positive and negative 4000 V level using the 10 k Ω load in parallel with the Zener diode, as shown in Figure 4. Scanning for the presence of any trailing pulse shall cover a period of at least 1 msec after the HBM pulse.NOTE 1 The HBM pulse may show a slow decay of up to 100 μsec to reach the 4 μA specification level due to the use of a large load and the added capacitive parasitics in the measurement setup. This part of the slow decay shall be excluded in determining the trailing pulse magnitude.NOTE 2 To determine if a device to be tested is susceptible to damage from the trailing pulse it may be necessary to measure the voltage across the actual device during HBM testing, or a circuit similar to that in Figure 4. If the circuit in Figure 4 is used the resistor should be changed from the 10 k Ω value to a value that simulates the device’s properties and the Zener diode should be chosen to match the device’s breakdown voltage. The measured voltage and the time that it is present on the device can then be compared to the known reliability mechanisms of thetechnology, such as time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), to determine if a reliability concern is posed by the HBM tester. For sufficiently advanced technologies it may be necessary to use a criterion more stringent than the 4 μA at 4000 V with a 10 k Ω resistor.3.2 Worst-case pinThe worst-case pin combination for each socket and DUT board shall be identified and documented. It is recommended that the manufacturers supply the worst-case pin data with each DUT board. The pin combination with the waveform closest to the limits (see Table 1) shall be designated for waveform verification.3.2.1 The worst-case pin combination shall be identified by the following procedure.3.2.1.1 For each test socket, identify the socket pin with the shortest wiring path from the pulsegenerating circuit to the test socket. Connect this pin to Terminal B (where it will remain the referenced pin throughout the worst-case pin search) and connect one of the remaining pins to Terminal A. Attach a shorting wire between these pins with the current probe around the shorting wire, as close to Terminal B as practicable.3.2.1.2 Apply at least one positive 4000 V pulse and at least one negative 4000 V pulse and verify that the waveform meets the requirements defined in Table 1 for both positive and negative pulses.3.2.1.3 Repeat steps 3.2.1.1 and 3.2.1.2 until all socket pins have been evaluated.3.2.1.4 Determine the worst-case pin pair (within the limits and closest to the minimum or maximum parameter values as specified in Table 1) to be used for future waveform verification.JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114D Page 8Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)3.2 Worst-case pin (cont’d)3.2.1.5 For initial board check-out connect a 500 Ω resistor between the worst-case pins previously identified with the shorting wire in step 3.2.1.4. Apply a positive and negative 4000 V pulse and verify that the waveform meets the requirements defined in Table 1.NOTE As an alternative to the worst-case pin search, the reference pin pair may be identified for each test socket of each test fixture. The reference pin combination shall be identified by determining the socket pin with the shortest wiring path from the pulse generating circuit to the test socket. Connect this pin to Terminal B and then connect the socket pin with the longest wiring path from the pulse generating circuit to the test socket to Terminal A (normally provided by the manufacturer). Attach a shorting wire between these pins with the current probe around the shorting wire. Follow the procedure in step 3.2.1.2. For the initial board check-out connect a 500 Ω resistor between the reference pins. Apply a positive and negative 4000 V pulse and verify the waveform meets the requirements defined in Table 1.3.3 Waveform verificationThe waveform verification should be performed at the beginning of each shift that a tester is operated and when a socket/DUT board is changed. If at any time the waveforms do not meet the requirements defined within Figure 2 and Table 1 at the 1000 V or 4000 V level, the testing shall be halted until the waveform is in compliance. Additionally, the system diagnostics test as defined in 3.1 for automated systems shall be performed prior to the beginning of each shift testing is done. The period between waveform checks may be extended providing test data supports the increased interval. In case the waveform no longermeets the limits in Table 1, all ESD testing performed after the previous satisfactory waveform check will be considered invalid.a) With the required DUT socket installed and with no part in the socket, attach a shorting wire in theDUT socket such that the worst-case pins are connected between Terminal A and Terminal B as shown in Figure 1. Place the current probe around the shorting wire.b) Initiate at least one positive pulse at the 1000 V level per Table 1 and Figure 2. Verify that allparameters meet the limits specified in Table 1 and Figure 2.c) Initiate at least one negative pulse at the 1000 V level per Table 1. Verify that all parameters meet thelimits specified in Table 1 and Figure 2.d) Initiate at least one positive pulse at the 4000 V level per Table 1 and Figure 2. Verify that allparameters meet the limits specified in Table 1 and Figure 2.e) Initiate at least one negative pulse at the 4000 V level per table 1. Verify that all parameters meet thelimits specified in Table 1 and Figure 2.JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114DPage 9Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)4 Classification procedureThe devices used for classification testing must have completed all normal manufacturing operations. Testing must be performed using an actual device chip. It is not permissible to use a test chiprepresentative of the actual chip or to assign threshold voltages based on data compiled from a design library or via software simulations.NOTE Test chip in this case means ESD test structure.4.1 Parametric and functional testingPrior to ESD testing, parametric and functional testing using conditions required by the applicable part drawing or test specification shall be performed on all devices submitted for ESD testing. Guard band testing is also permitted. The test devices shall be within the limits stated in the part drawing for these parameters. 4.2 Devices for each voltage levelA sample of 3 devices for each voltage level shall be characterized for the device ESD failure threshold using the voltage steps shown in Table 1. Finer voltage steps may optionally be used to obtain a more accurate measure of the failure threshold. ESD testing should begin at the lowest step in Table 1 but may begin at any level. However, if another higher starting voltage level is used and the device fails, testing shall be restarted with a fresh device at the next lowest level. The ESD test shall be performed at room temperature. 4.3 Stress levelEach sample of 3 devices shall be stressed at one voltage level using 1 positive and 1 negative pulse with a minimum of 100 milliseconds between pulses per pin for all pin combinations specified in Table 2. Longer intervals are permitted and should be used if the devices are expected to be vulnerable tocumulative effects. It is permitted to use a separate sample of 3 devices for each pin combination set specified in Table 2. It is permitted to further partition each pin combination set in Table 2 and use a separate sample of 3 devices for each subset within the pin combination set. It is permitted to use the same sample (3) at the next higher voltage stress level if all parts pass the failure criteria specified in clause 5 after ESD exposure to a specified voltage level.4.4 Pin combinationsThe pin combinations to be used are given in Table 2. The actual number of pin combination sets depends on the number of power pin groups. Power pins and Power Pin Groups are defined in 4.5. Programming pins that do not draw current should be considered as I/O pins (example: Vpp pins on memory devices). Active discrete devices (FETs, transistors, etc.) shall be tested using all possible pin-pair combinations (one pin connected to Terminal A, another pin connected to Terminal B) regardless of pin name or function. All pins which are not connected to the die shall be verified as such and left open (floating) at all times. Pins labeled as “no connect” that are electrically connected to the die shall be tested as non-supply I/O pins.JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114D Page 10 Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)4 Classification procedure (cont’d)4.5 Power pinsA power pin is defined as any pin intended to provide power to any portion of the circuit. While most power pins are labeled such that they can be easily recognized as power pins (examples: VDD, VDD1, VDD2, VDD_PLL, VCC, VCC1, VCC2, VCC_ANALOG, VSS, VSS1, VSS2, VSS_PLL,VSS_ANALOG, etc.), others are not and require engineering judgment based on their functions in the normal circuit operation (examples: Vbias, Vref, etc.).Power pins that are directly connected by metal (inside the package) form a power pin group.4.5.1 Power pins connected on diePower Pin Groups that are connected by metal at the die level may be tied together and treated as a single node for Terminal B connection but must be treated as individual pins for Terminal A as shown in Table 2.4.5.2 Power pins connected on package planeFor Power Pin Groups that are tied together through a common package plane, it is permitted to select one or more (arbitrary) pins to represent the group for stressing (Terminal A). The other pins in the group do not need to be stressed. In the test sequences where this power pin group is held at ground (Terminal B), it is permitted to have all the pins in the group tied together and connected to Terminal B or to have only the previously selected pin(s) connected to Terminal B with all other pins in the group left floating.4.5.3 Other power pin typesAny pin that is intended to be pumped above the positive supply or below the negative supply of itscircuit block must be treated as a power pin (example: positive and negative terminal pins connected to a charge pump capacitor).Any pin that is connected to an internal power bus (or a power pin) by metal must be treated as a power pin (example: a Vdd sensing pin). In that case, the pin may be tied together with the power pin(s) connected to the same bus and treated as one pin for Terminal B connection even though it is labeled a different name.Any pin that is intended to supply power to another circuit on the same chip must be treated as a power pin. However, if a pin intended to supply power to a circuit on another chip but not to any circuit on the same chip, it may be treated as a signal pin. 4.6 I/O to I/OIf a device has non-supply pins that are connected on the die and bonded out to multiple separate pins, then these pins shall be stressed individually according to combination set N+1 with the remainder of these connected pins left floating.JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114DPage 11Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)4 Classification procedure (cont’d) 4.6 I/O to I/O (cont’d)Pin combination set N+1 in table 2 specifies to stress each non-supply pin individually with all other remaining non-supply pins tied together and connected to terminal B (except for those non-supply pins that are metal connected to the pin under stress on the die, which will be left open). As an alternative to this method, it is permitted to partition the pins to be connected to terminal B into two or more subsets, such that each of these pins is a member of at least one subset. The pin connected to terminal A is to be stressed to each of these subsets separately. 4.7 Alternative sample groupIf a different sample group is ESD tested at each stress level, it is permitted to perform the dc parametric and functional ATE testing after all sample groups have been ESD tested.Table 2 — Pin Combinations Sets for Integrated CircuitsPin Combination Set Connect Individually to Terminal A Connect to Terminal B (Ground) Floating Pins (unconnected)1 All pins one at a time, except the pin(s) connected to Terminal BFirst power pin group All pins except PUT* and first power pin group2 All pins one at a time, except the pin(s) connected to Terminal BSecond power pin group All pins except PUT and secondpower pin group3 All pins one at a time, except the pin(s) connected to Terminal B Nth power pin group All pins except PUT and Nth powerpin group4 Each Non-supply pin, one at a time. All other Non-supply pins collectively except PUT All power pins(see 4.6)* PUT = Pin under test.JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114D Page 12Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)5 Failure criteriaA part will be defined as a failure if, after exposure to ESD pulses, it no longer meets the part drawing requirements using parametric and functional testing. If testing is required at multiple temperatures, testing shall be performed at the lowest temperature first.6 Classification criteriaAll samples used must meet the test requirements of section 4 up to a particular voltage level in order for the part to be classified as meeting a particular sensitivity classification.CLASS 0: Any part that fails after exposure to an ESD pulse of 250 V or less.CLASS 1A: Any part that passes after exposure to an ESD pulse of 250 V but fails after exposure to anESD pulse of 500 V.CLASS 1B: Any part that passes after exposure to an ESD pulse of 500 V, but fails after exposure to anESD pulse of 1000 V.CLASS 1C: Any part that passes after exposure to an ESD pulse of 1000 V, but fails after exposure toan ESD pulse of 2000 V.CLASS 2: Any part that passes after exposure to an ESD pulse of 2000 V, but fails after exposure toan ESD pulse of 4000 V.CLASS 3A: Any part that passes after exposure to an ESD pulse of 4000 V, but fails after exposure toan ESD pulse of 8000 V.CLASS 3B: Any part that passes after exposure to an ESD pulse of 8000 V.JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114DPage 13 Annex A (informative) Differences between JESD22-A114D and JESD22-A114C.01This table briefly describes most of the changes made to entries that appear in this standard,JESD22-A114D, compared to its predecessor, JESD22-A114C.01 (March 2005). If the change to a concept involves any words added or deleted (excluding deletion of accidentally repeated words), it is included. Some punctuation changes are not included.Page Description of change9 In 4.4 changed last sentence from “All pins configured as “no connect” shall be tested asnon-supply I/O pins.”, to “All pins which are not connected to the die shall be verified assuch and left open (floating) at all times. Pins labeled as “no connect” that are electricallyconnected to the die shall be tested as non-supply I/O pins.”10 In 4.5, second paragraph, removed “may be tied together and treated as one pin for Terminal Bconnection. Otherwise each power pin must be treated as a separate power pin.” , replaced with“form a power pin group.”10 In 4.5, last three paragraphs became 4.5.3.10 Added 4.5.1 and 4.5.210 New 4.6 added, 4.6 became 4.7.11 Table 2 in 3rd and 4th columns; changed “pin(s)” to “pin groups”.A.1 Differences between JESD22-A114C.01, compared to its predecessor, JESD22-A114C(January 2005)Page Description of change3 Figure 3b was deleted. It was approved for removal in the publication of JESD22-A114C, this was missed at the time of publication.A.2 Differences between JESD22-A114C, compared to its predecessor, JESD22-A114-B (June2000).Page Description of change3 Figure 2b was modified to show pulse decay time definition more clearly3 Figure 3b was deleted since it is not used.4 Inserted 2.6 to describe the equipment required for Trailing Pulse.5 Figure 4 has been added to show the test set-up for Trailing EOS Pulse.7 Inserted 3.1.2 to describe the test and give guidance on its applicability.9 Added in 4 language stating clearly that ESD testing must be performed on samples ofthe actual chip being evaluatedTest Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)JEDEC Standard No. 22-A114DPage 14A.2 Differences between JESD22-A114C, compared to its predecessor, JESD22-A114-B (June2000). (cont’d)Page Description of change9 In 4.3: Reduced minimum interval between zaps to 100 milliseconds. Longer intervalsare still permitted.9 In 4.3: Clarified that pin combination sets may be partitioned as far as necessary andperformed on different devices to eliminate possible cumulative effects.9 In 4.4: the following text was removed: “Like named power pins (VCC1, VCC2, VSS1,VSS2, GND, etc.) that are directly connected by metal (inside the package) may be tiedtogether and treated as one pin for Terminal B connection. Otherwise, each power pinmust be treated as a separate power pin.” and replaced with “Power pins are defined in4.5.”9 In 4.4: the following text was removed: “All pins configured as "no connect" pins shallbe verified as “no connect” and left open (floating) at all times. Pins labeled “noconnect”, that in fact are connected, shall be tested as non-supply pins.” and replacedwith “All pins configured as “no connect” shall be tested as non-supply I/O pins.”10 Added 4.5: Clarified power pin definitions. Included pins connected to charge pumpcapacitors as power pins.Test Method A114D(Revision of Test Method A114C.01)。
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HD22.1S4:2002
前言
HD22.1 S4是CLC/TC 20“电缆技术”委员会制定的。
HD 22于1975年7月9日被CENELEC首次采用。
包括4个部分的HD 22第2版(S2)于1984年1月1日开始生效。
自1984年以来，HD 22 S2纳入了新的部分，已有部分进行了修改或补充。
HD22.2S4与IEC60245（1994）类似，但并不等同。
HD22目前包含如下部分：
HD22.1 S3 一般性要求
HD22.2 S3 试验方法
HD22.3 S3 耐热硅橡胶绝缘线
HD22.4 S3 软电缆
HD22.5 S3 无内容
HD22.6 S2 电焊机电缆
HD22.7 S2 内部布线用导体允许温度1100C的耐热绝缘线
HD22.8 S2 彩灯串用氯丁橡胶或等价合成橡胶护套强电用电线电缆
HD22.9 S2 固定敷设用低烟低腐蚀单芯无护套电缆
HD22.10 S EPR绝缘聚氨酯护套电力用软电缆
HD22.11 S1 EV A绝缘橡套软电缆
HD22.12 S1 EPR绝缘耐热橡套软电缆
HD22.13 S1 低烟低腐蚀单芯或多芯联绝缘和护套软电缆
HD22.14 S1 要求高柔软性场合用软电缆
HD22.15 S1 耐热硅橡胶绝缘和护套多芯电缆
HD22.16 S1 防水氯丁橡胶或等效弹性体护套软电缆
对HD22.1进行修改时，为了不致对沿用已久的条目号进行不必要的修改，特将引用标准目录放在附录A中（否则要放入第2条中）。
本协调文件草案曾经过各级表决，2002年9月1日经CENELEC批准以HD22.1 S4的代号公布。
规定了下列时间
—必须在国家一级传达本版HD文件的最后日期2003年03月1日—必须以公布协调的国家标准或批准本版HD文件的形式采纳本文件的最后日期
2003年9月1 日必须废除与本HD文件相抵触的国家标准的最后日期2003年9月1 日
I。