Evolutional school of thought and systemic school of thought in Honda
语言学精品课胡壮麟版ppt课件
2. Scopes of linguistics
☺General linguistics—studies linguistics as a whole.
☺ Phonetics—study of sounds ☺ Phonology--study of the system of
sounds, how they are combined ☺ Morphology—study of the structure and
language development, more practical than written form, hard to record • writing : • permanent, can be recorded
• ngue and parole • —by the Swiss linguist F. de Saussure
• descriptive –describes and analyzes the language people are currently speaking. It deals with “what people actually say”
• 3.2 synchronic vs. diachronic • synchronic—description of a language at
• 2.1.4. Language is symbolic. • 2.1.5. Language is human –specific. • 2.1.6. Language is used for
communication
2.2. Design features of language
• 2.2.1. arbitrariness • 2.2.2. productivity • 2.2.3. duality • 2.2.4. displacement • 2.2.5. cultural transmission
想象力和思辨能力的英文 -回复
想象力和思辨能力的英文 -回复Imagination and Critical ThinkingIntroduction:Imagination and critical thinking are two crucial skills that play a significant role in our daily lives. While imagination allows us to explore new ideas and possibilities, critical thinking helps us analyze information and make reasoned judgments. In this article, we will discuss these two skills and their importance in our personal and professional development.Imagination:Imagination is the ability to create mental images, ideas, and concepts that are not present in our current reality. It allows us to envision a world beyond what exists and think creatively. Imagination is not limited to children; adults can also tap into their imaginative powers to innovate and problem-solve in various fields.The Benefits of Imagination:1. Enhancing Creativity: Imagination stimulates creativity, enabling us to come up with innovative solutions to challenges. It encourages out-of-the-box thinking, enabling individuals and societies to make progress and advancements.2. Promoting Emotional Intelligence: Imagination helps us understand and empathize with others by envisioning their perspectives and experiences. It cultivates emotional intelligence, allowing for better communication, collaboration, and relationships.3. Fostering Innovation: Many groundbreaking inventions and discoveries were born out of imaginative thinking. From Leonardo da Vinci to Elon Musk, imaginative minds have revolutionized technology, art, and science, pushing the boundaries of what is possible.Developing Imagination:1. Engage in Creative Activities: Engaging in creative activities such as painting, writing, or playing musical instruments can stimulate the imagination. These activities provide an outlet for self-expression and inspire imaginative thinking.2. Read Fiction: Reading fictional literature exposes us to different worlds and perspectives, expanding our imaginative horizons. By immersing ourselves in imaginative stories, we can develop imaginative thinking skills.Critical Thinking:Critical thinking is the ability to analyze information objectively, evaluate arguments, and make informed judgments. It involves logical reasoning, evidence-based decision-making, and the ability to question assumptions.The Importance of Critical Thinking:1. Problem-Solving: Critical thinking enables us to identify, analyze, and solve problems efficiently. It helps us evaluate different perspectives, weigh evidence, and make logical decisions.2. Avoiding Bias: Critical thinking equips us with the skills to recognize and challenge biases and prejudices. It encourages open-mindedness andindependent thinking, enabling us to make more informed opinions and decisions.3. Lifelong Learning: Critical thinking is vital for continuous learning and personal growth. It allows us to identify reliable sources of information, distinguish between fact and opinion, and evaluate the credibility of arguments.Developing Critical Thinking:1. Ask Questions: Asking thought-provoking questions is an effective way to stimulate critical thinking. Encourage inquiry and curiosity, both in ourselves and others, to foster a habit of questioning and examining information.2. Evaluate Information: Practice assessing the reliability and credibility of information sources. Consider the author's credentials, the evidence presented, and alternative viewpoints before forming an opinion.3. Engage in Debates and Discussions: Engaging in debates and discussions with others can sharpen critical thinking skills. It exposes us to diverse perspectives, challenges our assumptions, and encourages us to articulate and defend our ideas.Conclusion:Imagination and critical thinking are essential skills that complement each other. Imagination sparks creativity, while critical thinking provides the tools to evaluate and apply those ideas. By nurturing these skills, we can unlock our full potential, foster innovation, and make informed decisions inall aspects of life. So, let us embrace and cultivate our imagination and critical thinking abilities for personal and societal growth.。
安徽省六安第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试题含解析
六安一中2024年春学期高二年级期末考试英语试卷时间：120分钟第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分满分：150分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．How would the woman like her steak today?A．Rare.B．Medium.C．Well-done.2．What is the relationship between the speakers?A．Teacher and student.B．Librarian and library user.C．Shop assistant and customer.3．Why does the woman call the man?A．To ask for a favor.B．To say thanks.C．To make a complaint. 4．Where does the conversation take place?A．At the airport.B．On a plane.C．In a taxi.5．What seems to be the man’s problem?A．He gets bored of reading.B．He is disturbed by the noise.C．He hates the hot weather today.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
徐特立的教育思想研究
Advances in Education 教育进展, 2023, 13(9), 6251-6256 Published Online September 2023 in Hans. https:///journal/ae https:///10.12677/ae.2023.139972徐特立的教育思想研究郭竞航湘潭大学马克思主义学院，湖南 湘潭收稿日期：2023年7月23日；录用日期：2023年8月23日；发布日期：2023年8月30日摘要 徐特立是“中国杰出的革命教育家”，其一生致力于教育工作和革命工作，在理论和实践中形成了丰富的徐特立教育思想体系，包括教育原理思想、道德教育思想以及教育管理思想等方面。
具体来说，徐特立的教育原理思想包括教育本质论、普及教育论、科技教育论和改革教育论，道德教育思想阐明了德育的目标、方法和原则，教育管理思想阐述了制度化、民主治校和勤俭办学等内容。
徐特立的教育思想可以为当下教育工作中教育改革和发展、促进教育公平事业以及构建教育科技人才“三位一体”系统等方面提供借鉴和启示。
当下应进一步总结、概括和发扬徐特立的教育思想，为推进中国式教育现代化的发展提供重要的借鉴作用。
关键词徐特立，教育思想，教育实践A Study of Xu Teli’s Educational ThoughtJinghang GuoSchool of Marxism, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan Hunan Received: Jul. 23rd , 2023; accepted: Aug. 23rd , 2023; published: Aug. 30th , 2023AbstractXu Teli is an “outstanding revolutionary educator in China”, who has devoted his life to education and revolutionary work, and has formed a rich system of Xu Teli’s educational thought in theory and practice, including the principle thought of education, moral education thought and educa-tional management thought and so on. Specifically, Xu Telli’s educational principle thought in-cludes the theory of the essence of education, the theory of universal education, the theory of scientific and technological education and the theory of reforming education; the moral education thought clarifies the goal, method and principle of moral education, and the education manage-ment thought elaborates the content of institutionalization, democratic school management and郭竞航thrifty running of schools. Xu Teli’s educational thinking can provide reference and inspiration for the current educational reform and development, the promotion of educational equity and the construction of education, science and technology talent “trinity” system. Nowadays, Xu Teli’s educational thoughts should be further summarized, generalized and carried forward to provide an important reference for promoting the development of Chinese-style education modernization.KeywordsXu Teli, Educational Thought, Educational Practice Array Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc.This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0)./licenses/by/4.0/1. 引言徐特立(1877~1968)，字师陶，湖南长沙人，党中央曾评价他为“中国杰出的革命教育家”[1]。
对大学憧憬四级英语作文
The Anticipation of University Life: A Journey of Discovery and GrowthAs the final bell rings, signaling the end of another high school day, my thoughts drift towards the unknown horizon of university life. With a mixture of excitement and anticipation, I envision myself stepping onto a new journey of discovery and growth.University, a place where dreams are forged and futures are shaped, holds a special place in the hearts of many.It's not just about acquiring knowledge from textbooks, but also about learning from diverse experiences and interactions. The thought of exploring new subjects, meeting new people, and engaging in meaningful extracurricular activities fills me with enthusiasm.At university, I aspire to delve into subjects that interest me deeply, such as science, technology, and humanities. I envision myself sitting in lecture halls, listening intently to professors who are experts in their fields, and engaging in lively discussions with classmates from diverse backgrounds. These exchanges of ideas andperspectives will broaden my horizons and challenge my way of thinking.Beyond academics, I look forward to joining clubs and organizations that align with my interests. Whether it's participating in a science competition, volunteering for a social cause, or performing in a music festival, I believe these experiences will help me grow as an individual and develop valuable skills.Moreover, university life presents an opportunity for personal growth. It's a time to discover one's passions, interests, and values. I look forward to exploring my identity, developing a sense of purpose, and making a positive impact on the world.Of course, the journey won't be easy. There will be challenges and difficulties to overcome, such as managing a busy schedule, adapting to a new environment, and dealing with pressure from academics and social life. However, I am confident that these challenges will help me grow stronger and more resilient.In conclusion, university life represents a new chapter in my journey of discovery and growth. It's a time toexpand my horizons, learn from diverse experiences, and make a positive impact on the world. With a sense of excitement and anticipation, I eagerly await the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead.**对大学憧憬的四级英语作文**大学，一个充满憧憬和期待的地方，是每个年轻人心中的梦想之地。
创造力测量手段_同感评估技术_CAT_简介
摘 要 同感评估技术（consensus assessment technique），又称主观评价法，是 Amabile 于 1982 年提出的 评价创造力的一种方法。文章简要回顾了同感评估技术出现之前，基于发散思维测验的创造力评价法及其 局限性。人们在寻求新的创造力评价方法的过程中，提出了同感评估技术。文章重点介绍了同感评估技术 的理论基础，即它的同感定义和概念定义，然后说明了同感评估技术的具体使用方法、发展，以及在各领 域的应用情况。最后，通过与创造性思维测验的比较，对同感评估技术作了评价，指出了 CAT 的优势和存 在的问题。 关键词 同感评估技术，发散思维测验，领域特殊性，内隐观。 分类号 B849；G305
自从 20 世纪 50 年代 Guilford[1] 在美国 心理学年会发表演说之后，创造力研究重新 得到了心理学界的关注。为了科学地评价创 造力，研究者们提出了各种各样的测量工 具，其中，创造性思维测验是使用地最广泛 的工具之一。创造性思维测验的核心为发散 性思维测验，测验要求个体对特定刺激做出 多种反应，强调的是观念流畅性。例如非常 规用途测验（Unusual Usage Test，UUT）， 就是让被试列举出某物品的多种用途来考 察他的发散思维能力。20 世纪 60、70 年代 发散思维测验是创造力测量的主导工具，大 部分创造力研究使用的都是发散思维测验， 其中应用最为广泛的就是 Torrance [2]创造性
能适用于 CAT 技术评价的作品或反应 需要满足一定的条件。换句话说，不是所有 的作品或反应都可以 CAT 技术来评估。就 像前面提到的，具有明显标准答案的作品或 反应不适宜用 CAT 评价。如数学计算，或 物质的常规分类，如常规动植物的分类，或 基本测量，如长度或体积的测量等。一般来 说同感评估技术对引发创造性产品或反应 的任务有如下要求：（1）能够引发产品或 可清楚观察的反应，以供观察者对其评价； （2）所有被试的测试环境、实验材料和指 导语是相同的；（3）对应于创造力的概念 定义，任务是启发式的，即具有足够的开放 度，允许产品具有相当的灵活性和新颖性； （4）在社会心理研究中，任务不能过于依 赖某些特殊技能；（5）其引发的产品或反 应可以由适宜的评价者对其进行信度较高 的评价[12]。
脑洞大开的思想实验：重新构想大学
脑洞大开的思想实验：重新构想大学作者：郭娇来源：《大学生》2021年第11期《重新构想大学：高等教育创新的十种设计》的作者戴维·斯特利（DavidJ.Staley）是美国俄亥俄州立大学（OSU，美国公立常青藤之一）的博士，现任該校历史系副教授，曾出版《历史与未来：用历史性思维想象未来》（HistoryandFuture：UsingHistoricalThinkingtoImaginetheFuture）、《头脑、心智与互联网：深度历史与未来》（Brain，MindandInternet：ADeepHistoryandFuture）、《历史的想象》（HistoricalImagination）等专著。
“以史为鉴、观照未来”可谓是斯特利的专长，他受过史学研究方法的严格训练，对高等教育、技术以及新媒体持续关注，积极参与校内外跨学科或跨界合作。
2014年5月，《斯坦福2025计划》官宣，美国高教界对未来大学的畅想方兴未艾，这是斯特利酝酿并写作本书的特定时点及其背景信息。
本书英文出版时间是2019年，它还有“前传”即斯特利2015年在EDUCAUSEReview上发表的《大学的未来：高等教育创新的设计》（TheFutureoftheUniversity：SpeculativeDesignforInnovationinHigherEducation）。
其“前传”里对未来大学形态进行了五种设计：博识大学、游学大学、接口大学、博雅学院以及高级游戏研究院，这五种设计在本书中依然存在并构成其主要思想脉络，也是接下来我们重点分析的内容。
博识大学（PolymathUniversity），内核是跨学科培养。
与现有的双学位或主辅修不同，斯特利设计了一个“三修”矩阵，建议学生从职业类、科学类（包括自然科学与社会科学）以及人文艺术类各选一个专业，围绕这三个专业选课、组建导师团队并完成类似毕业设计的“顶点项目”。
书中矩阵与2015年论文里的最初设计一致，包括斯特利把学科定位为“原子与质数”（atomicelementsorprimenumbers），师生用这些基本元素进行创造性的排列组合，因此跨学科或多学科的重点不在院系、研究中心、实验室等组织层面，而是下沉到每个个体，例如他在书中提到博识大学的理想教师“应具有三个不同学科的博士学位”，不仅接受学术训练，而且具有职业经验。
新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练四
阅读理解题型分类练(四) 推理判断题——推断隐含意义类A[2023·石家庄市教学质量检测] Throughout all the events in my life, one in particular sticks out more than the others. As I reflect on this significant event, a smile spreads across my face. As I think of Shanda, I feel loved and grateful.It was my twelfth year of dancing, I thought it would end up like any other year: stuck in emptiness, forgotten and without the belief of any teacher or friend that I really had the potential to achieve greatness.However, I met Shanda, a young, talented choreographer (编舞者). She influenced me to work to the best of my ability, pushed me to keep going when I wanted to give up, encouraged me and showed me the real importance of dancing. Throughout our hard work, not only did my ability to dance grow, but my friendship with Shanda grew as well.With the end of the year came our show time. As I walked to a backstage filled with other dancers, I hoped for a good performance that would prove my improvement.I waited anxiously for my turn. Finally, after what seemed like days, the loudspeaker announced my name. Butterflies filled my stomach as I took trembling steps onto the big lighted stage. But, with the determination to succeed and eagerness to live up to Shanda, expectations for me, I began to dance. All my troubles and nerves went away as I danced my whole heart out.As I walked up to the judge to receive my first place shining gold trophy (奖杯), I realized that dance is not about becoming the best. It was about loving dance for dance itself, a getaway from all my problems in the world. Shanda showed me that you could let everything go and just dance what you feel at that moment. After all the doubts that people had in me, I believed in myself and did not care what others thought. Thanks to Shanda, dance became more than a love of mine, but a passion.1．What did the author think her dancing would be for the twelfth year?A．A change for the better.B．A disappointment as before.C．A proof of her potential.D．A pride of her teachers and friends.2．How did Shanda help the author?A．By offering her financial help.B．By entering her in a competition.C．By coaching her for longer hours.D．By awakening her passion for dancing.3．How did the author feel when she stepped on the stage?A．Proud. B．Nervous.C．Scared. D．Relieved.4．What can we learn from the author's story?A．Success lies in patience.B．Fame is a great thirst of the young.C．A good teacher matters.D．A youth is to be treated with respect.B[2023·辽宁省部分学校二模] Almost a decade ago, researchers at Yale University launched a global database called Map of Life to track biodiversity distributions across the planet. Now, the team added a new feature to the database that predicts where species currently unknown to scientists may be hiding.In 2018, ecologist Mario Moura of the Federal University of Paraiba in Brazil teamed up with Yale ecologist Walter Jetz, who took the lead in the initial creation of the Map of Life. The pair set out to identify where 85 percent of Earth's undiscovered species may be. For two years, the team collected information about 32，000 vertebrate (脊椎动物)species. Data on population size, geographical range, historical discovery dates and other biological characteristics were used to create a computer model that estimated where undescribed species might exist today.The model found tropical environments in countries including Brazil, Indonesia, Madagascar, and Colombia house the most undiscovered species. Smaller animals have limited ranges that may be inaccessible, making their detection more difficult. In contrast, larger animals that occupy greater geographic ranges are more likely to be discovered, the researchers explain.“It is striking to see the importance of tropical forests as the birthplace of discoveries, stressing the urgent need to protect tropical forests and address the need of controlling deforestation rate if we want a chance to truly discover our biodiversity，” said Moura.The map comes at a crucial time when Earth is facing a biodiversity crisis. It was reported that there was a 68 percent decrease in vertebrate species populations between 1970 and 2006 and a 94 percent decline in animal populations in the America's tropical subregions. “At the current pace of global environmental change, there is no doubt that many species will go extinct before we have ever learned about their existence and had the chance to consider their fate，” Jetz said.5．What can be learned about the Map of Life?A．It only tracks biodiversity distributions.B．It was initially created by Mario Moura.C．It predicts where undiscovered species exist．D．It managed to locate 85% of the undiscovered species.6．Which factor makes animals easier to discover?A．location. B．species.C．size. D．population.7．What does the underlined word “address” mean in Paragraph 4?A．Tackle. B．Ignore.C．Maintain. D．Postpone.8．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?A．Tropical animal populations have slightly declined.B．The Map of life is significant to protecting biodiversity.C．Tropical forests are the birthplace of many extinct species.D．Many species will undoubtedly go extinct even if discovered.CThis is the digital age, and the advice to managers is clear. If you don't know what ChatGPT is or dislike the idea of working with a robot, enjoy your retirement. So, as for the present you should get for your manager this festive season, a good choice may be anything made of paper. Undoubtedly, it can serve as a useful reminder of where the digital world's limitations lie. Several recent studies highlighted the enduring value of this ancient technology in several different aspects.A study by Vicky Morwitz of Columbia Business School, Yanliu Huang of Drexel University and Zhen Yang of California State University, Fullerton, finds that paper calendars produce different behaviours from digital calendars. Users of oldfashioned calendars made more detailed project plans than those looking at an App, and they were more likely to stick to those plans. Simple dimensions seem to count. The ability to see lots of days at once on a paper calendar matters.Here is another study from Maferima TouréTillery of the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and Lili Wang of Zhejiang University. In one part of their study, the researchers asked strangers to take a survey. Half the respondents were given a pen and paper to fill out a form; the other half were handed an iPad. When asked for their email address to receive information, those who used paper were much likelier to decide on a positive answer. The researchers believe that people make better decisions on paper because it feels more consequential than a digital screen. Paperandpen respondents were more likely than iPad users to think their choices indicated their characters better.Researchers had other findings. They found shoppers were willing to pay more for reading materials in printed form than those they could only download online. Even the sight of someone handling something can help online sales. Similarly, people browsing(浏览) in a virtualreality(虚拟现实) shop was more willing to buy a Tshirt if they saw their own virtual hand touch it.9．How does the author lead in the topic?A．By telling a story.B．By giving examples.C．By raising questions.D．By describing a situation.10．Why can paper calendars make users stick to plans better?A．They are a better reminder.B．They can show more detailed plans.C.They provide chances for people to practice writing.D．They provide a better view of many days' plans at a time.11．Which of the following did paper influence based on Paragraph 3?A．Decision. B．Sympathy.C．Efficiency. D．Responsibility.12．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Paper posters will greatly promote sales online.B．Emagazines are thought less valuable than paper ones.C．Seeing others buy will increase one's purchasing desire.D．People prefer items made of paper instead of other materials.[答题区]阅读理解题型分类练(四)A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
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Evolutional school of thought and systemic school of thought in Honda
(a)Evolutional school of thought and systemic school of thought in Honda
Evolutional school of thought in Honda Company shows like the high technology development, low cost plan, individual competition inside the company, Japanese based western management, etc. For example, based on the flow chat above, after world financial crisis, the financial budge of Honda Company shrinks very quickly to keep the company survival in the financial crisis. And in the early years, Honda employees went strike to support water-cool system when Honda Soichiro support air-cool system. And when the employees are tested to be right, Honda Soichiro personally apologize to his wrong attitude before. The evolutional school of thought in Honda expresses like survival of the fittest without any emotional, social and political influence.
Systemic school of thought shows in Honda Company on the organizationalstructure above. The subsidiaries in the whole world can collect information based on their markets and produce different types of products to fit for the social needs. Besides the flow line production to gain for more profits, Honda Company also pay attention to personal needs on unique. They will also design on the
(b)Critical discussion on evolutional school of thought and systemic school of
thought
Evolutional school of thought is based on the evaluation“survival of the fittest”. It argues that market can decide whether the product is good or not, but not managers and planers. Adaptability in this theory is much more important than deliberate strategic choice. It is true in some degree like the market’s self-regulation ability. When demand exceeds supply, there will be more companies established to produce the products. And when supply exceeds demand, the companies in weak competition die out. In that case, the best strategy for evolutional school of thought is flexibility. Keep competition ability and change direction on time can keep company survive in the jungle.
The systemic school of thought argues that strategies should be made based on social context and economic contexts. There is not only economic context that can influence the market but also social context. Competitors’ strategies need to be analyzed in terms of their social and economic contexts. Therefore there is no universal model of strategy but need to act according to circumstances. The systemic school of thought adds some social and cultural elements inside of the competition.
Thoughtof the evolutional school and systemic school are both very essential theories to Honda Company. And in my opinion, thought of evolutional school is the basis of business but it is too cruel to companies and market. If only evolution thoughts are
used only, it will bring some negative effect. The thought of evolutional school reminds me the cruel nature of capitalism to earn the biggest interest. And the expression of the nature is negative without any contributions shown. Thought of systemic school can be used softer than evolutional thought. The core value of Honda Company is Joy which is the best evidence on systemic school of thought. Employees need relax in work, customers need unique design and suitable products and cooperators need smooth and pleasant cooperation relationship. And the joys in these relationships are signals of positive image to the whole market. All these joys are related to systemic school of thought. They gain profits on social context besides economic context. Also systemic school of thought does not ignore the basic interest of companies. They just want to express it in a soft way that can be easier accepted by people.。