广东工业大学物理化学2007年考研真题／研究生入学考试试题
广东工业大学化工原理试题库
试题六 一：填充题（20分）1、精馏分离的依据是________________________的差异，要使混合物中的 组分得到完全分离，必须进行 多次地______________._______________。
2、 相对挥发度的表示式α=______________.对于二组分溶液的蒸馏，当α=1 时，能否分离___________。
3、q 的定义式是________________________________________，饱和液体进料q=____.饱和蒸汽进料q=____.蒸汽是液体的3倍的混合进料时q=____。
4、二组分的连续精馏操作，精馏段操作线方程为245.075.0+=x y ，提馏段 操作线方程为02.025.1-=x y ，当q=1时，则=W x _____D x =______。
5、在连续精馏中，其它条件均不变时，仅加大回流，可以使塔顶产品D x _____，若此时加热蒸汽量V 不变，产品量D 将______。
若在改变R 的同时，保持塔顶采出量不变，必需增加蒸汽用量，那么冷却水用量将________。
6、压力__________.温度__________将有利于吸收的进行。
7、完成下列方程，并指出吸收糸数的单位。
()-=i c k N k 的单位__________________. ()-=p K N G G K 的单位_______________.8、吸收过程中的传质速率等于分子散速率的条件是___________________ 9、饱和空气在恒压下冷却，温度由1t 降至2t ，其相对湿度Φ______，绝对湿湿度H________,露点_________，湿球温度___________。
10、萃取操作的依据是_________________________________________.萃取操 作选择溶剂的主要原则是________________________________________. _______________________________-.______________________________. 二：简答题（36分）1、叙述恒縻尔流假设的内容？2、板式塔塔板上造成液面落差的原因有哪些？如何防止？3、试推导并流吸收塔的操作线方程？并在y-x 的相图上表示出来？4、叙述双膜理论的论点？5、画出单级萃取操作相图？6、叙述湿空气的性能参数？三：计算题（44分）1、双股进料的二元连续进料，均为泡点液相进料，进料液为21,F F , 求第三段的汽相和液相流量？已知第一段的汽液相流量分别为V 和L 。
2007年研究生入学物理化学考试题
(A)催化剂只能缩短反应达到平衡的时间而不能改变平衡状态
(D) f C 0 )
4.化学反应速率常数的 Arrhenius 关系式能成立的范围是：( (A) 对任何反应在任何温度范围内 (C) 对任何反应在一定温度范围内 有定值。 ( (A) (A) ) (B)
(B) 对某些反应在任何温度范围内 (D) 对某些反应在一定温度范围内
2.下面对于催化剂 的特征的描述，哪一点是不正确的? ( (B)催化剂在反应前后其化学性质和物理性质皆不变 (C)催化剂不能改变平衡常数 (D)催化剂不能实现热力学上不可能进行的反应 3.对于渗透平衡体系，相律的形式为： (A) f C 3 (B) f C 2 ( ) (C) f C 1
9.反应 A + B → C 的速率方程为： cA/dt = kAcAcB/cC， -d 则该反应的总级数是 ____ 级。 若浓度为 mol·dm-3，时间以 s 为单位，则速率常数 kA 的单位是 ________ 。 10.同浓度的 KCl，KOH 和 HCl 三种溶液，其中摩尔电导率最大的是________溶液。 11.1mol 单原子理想气体从 p1、V1、T1 等容冷却到 p2、V2、T2，则△U W 0。 （填 >，<，＝ 号） 级反应。 有关，而与 无关。 0, △S 0,
12.某化学反应反应掉 7/8 是反应掉 3/4 所需时间的 1.5 倍， 则该反应是 13.卡诺热机的效率只与
14.液体 A 和 B 可形成理想液体混合物。在外压为 101325 Pa 时，该混合物于温度 T 沸腾，该温度下 p 为 40 kPa，p 为 120 kPa, 则在此平衡状态下，液相组成为 A B
xB=
;
华南师范大学2007年物理化学招收硕士研究生入学考试试题
2007 年招收硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：物理化学
适用专业：化学一级学科
一单项选择题（每小题2分，共44分，请将答案填在答卷纸）
1. 在298K时,往容积相等的A、B两个抽空容器中分别灌入100g和200g水，当达到气-液平衡时，两容器中的水蒸气压力分别为P A和P B，则两者的关系为
（A）P A＞P B（B）P A＜P B
（C）P A=P B（D）无法确定
2. 当热从环境传向体系时,体系的热力学能
(A) 升高(B) 降低(C) 不变(D) 无一定规律
3．石墨(C)和金刚石(C)在298K、标准压力下的标准摩尔燃烧焓分别为-393.4 KJ/mol和-395.3KJ/mol,则金刚石的标准摩尔生成焓(298K)为
(A)-393.4KJ/mol (B)-395.3KJ/mol (C) -1.9 KJ/mol (D) 1.9KJ/mol
4．对于一个只做膨胀功的简单封闭体系，恒温时下列图中那一个图是正确的
G l G g
g l
（A）（B）
P G g P
G l l
（C）g （D）
P P
考生注意：答案写在本试题上无效共6 页第1 页
考生注意：答案写在本试题上无效共6页第 2 页
考生注意：答案写在本试题上无效共6页第5页
考生注意：答案写在本试题上无效共6页第 6 页。
广东工业大学考研历年真题
广东工业大学考研历年真题【第一部分:单项填空】1. However, some actors _____ us with the deep feelings they can inspire in us for a character they are playing. [单选题] *A.astonishedB. astonishingC. astonish(正确答案)D. is astonished2. He was a _____ figure in the French film industry. [单选题] *A. dominantlyB. dominant(正确答案)C. dominanceD. dominants3. The morning after your arrival, you meet with the _____ physician for a private consultation. [单选题] *A. residentsB. resident(正确答案)C. residenceD. residences4._____a reply, he decided to write again. [单选题] *A. Not receivingB. ReceivingC. Not having received(正确答案)D. Having not received5.With lots of trees and flowers _____here and there, the city looks very beautiful. [单选题] *A. having plantedB. planted(正确答案)C. have been plantedD. to be planted6. I have bought two ball-pens, _______ writes well. [单选题] *A. none of themB. neither of themC. neither of which(正确答案)D. none of which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. [单选题] *A.where(正确答案)B.hatC.whichD.there8.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. [单选题] *A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom(正确答案)9.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill. [单选题] *A. why; that(正确答案)B.that;whyC. for that;thatD.for which;what10. Is _______ some German friends visited last week? [单选题] *A. this schoolB. this the schoolC. this school oneD. this school where(正确答案)11. They are not very good, but we like_______. [单选题] *A. anyway to play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anyway(正确答案)C. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway12. He sent me an e-mail, _______to get further information. [单选题] *A. hopedB hoping(正确答案)C. to hopeD. hope13._____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. [单选题] *A. Being roundedB it was foundedC. Founded(正确答案)D. Founding14.The ____boy was last seen ______near the East Lake. [单选题] *A. Missing, playing(正确答案)B. missing, playC missed, playedD missed, to play15. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party. [单选题] *A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD not having been invited(正确答案)【第二部分:完形填空】A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green spacegained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living amid more concrete and fewer trees. Such __62__ tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people __63__ it to increased portion sizes and inactivity, but that can't be everything. Fast foods and TVs have been __64__ us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were __65__ to something in the environment," says social epidemiologist Thomas Glass of The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. That something could be a __66__ of the green.The new research, __67__ in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer __68__ identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood __69__ means more places for kids to play – which is __70__ since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest correlates of children's activity levels. But green space is good for the mind__71__: research by environmental psychologists has shown that it has cognitive __72__ for children with attention-deficit disorder. In one study, just reading __73__ in a green setting improved kids' symptoms.__74__ to grassy areas has also been linked to __75__ stress and a lower body mass index (体重指数) among adults. And an __76__ of 3,000 Tokyo residents associated walkable green spaces with greater longevity (长寿) among senior citizens.Glass cautions that most studies don't __77__ prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. In September the U. S. House of Representatives __78__ the delightfully named No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors.Finding green space is not __79__ easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take__80__ of what's there. Your children in particular will love it – and their bodies and minds will be __81__ to you.16. [单选题] *A) findings(正确答案)B) thesesC) hypothesesD) abstracts17. [单选题] *A) adaptB) attribute(正确答案)C) allocateD) alternate18. [单选题] *A) amongstB) alongC) besideD) with(正确答案)19. [单选题] *A) gluedB) related(正确答案)C) trackedD) appointed20. [单选题] *A) scrapingB) denyingC) depressingD) shrinking(正确答案)21. [单选题] *A) published(正确答案)B) simulatedC) illuminatedD) circulated22. [单选题] *A)atB)to(正确答案)C)forD)over23. [单选题] *A) fullyB) simply(正确答案)C) seriouslyD) uniquely24. [单选题] *A)vital(正确答案)B)casualC)fatalD)subtle25. [单选题] *A) stillB) alreadyC) too(正确答案)D) yet26. [单选题] *A) benefits(正确答案)B) profitsC) revenuesD) awards27. [单选题] *A) outwardB) apartC) asideD) outside(正确答案)28. [单选题] *A) ImmunityB) ReactionC) Exposure(正确答案)D) Addiction29. [单选题] *A)muchB)less(正确答案)C)moreD)little30. [单选题] *A) installmentB) expeditionC) analysis(正确答案)D) option31. [单选题] *A) curiouslyB) negativelyC) necessarily(正确答案)D) comfortably32. [单选题] *A) relievedB) delegatedC) approved(正确答案)D) performed33. [单选题] *A)merelyB)always(正确答案)C)mainlyD)almost34. [单选题] *A) advantage(正确答案)B) exceptionC) measureD) charge35. [单选题] *A) elevatedB) mercifulC) contentedD) grateful(正确答案)【第三部分:阅读理解】Passage 1Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einsteinemerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,”Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts.“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution.”Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.What might happen to such a submission today?“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”36. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs? [单选题] *[A] Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.[B] It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.[C] No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.[D] It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.(正确答案)37. What was critical to Einstein’s success? [单选题] *[A] His talent as an accomplished musician.[B] His independent and abstract thinking.(正确答案)[C] His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.[D] His solid foundation in math theory.38. What does the author tell us about physicists today? [单选题] *[A] They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.[B] They are very good at solving practical problems.[C] They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.[D] They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.(正确答案)39. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)? [单选题] *[A] People have to compete in order to get their papers published.[B] It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.[C] Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.[D] Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.(正确答案)40. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______. [单选题] *[A] forgot to make footnotes and citations[B] was little known in academic circles(正确答案)[C] was known as a young genius in math calculations[D] knew nothing about the format of academic papersPassage 2The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poorcountries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards ofliving.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts - a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discoveredthat illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? Wehave to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,they could in tum afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be ableto escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity forthe foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.41. The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor [单选题] * countries[A] is subject to groundless doubts.[B] has fallen victim of bias.[C] is conventionally downgraded.[D] has been overestimated.(正确答案)42. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new educational system [单选题] *[A] challenges economists and politicians.[B] takes efforts of generations.(正确答案)[C] demands priority from the government.[D] requires sufficient labor force.43. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that [单选题] *[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined.[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive.(正确答案)[C] the U.S. workforce has a better education.[D] the U.S. workforce is more organized.44. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged [单选题] *[A] when people had enough time.[B] prior to better ways of finding food.[C] when people no longer went hungry.(正确答案)[D] as a result of pressure on government.45. According to the last paragraph, development of education [单选题] *[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.(正确答案)[D] cannot afford political changes.Passage 3A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community; that is, all the populations oforganisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area.Parasitism is a kind of predator-prey relationship in which one organism, the parasite, derives its food at the expense of its symbiotic associate, the host. Parasites are usually smaller than their hosts. An example of a parasite is a tapeworm that lives inside the intestines of a larger animal and absorbs nutrients from its host. Natural selection favors the parasites that are best able to find and feed on hosts. At the same time, defensive abilities of hosts are also selected for. As an example, plants make chemicals toxic to fungal and bacterial parasites, along with ones toxic to predatory animals (sometimes they are the same chemicals). In vertebrates, the immune system provides a multiple defense against internal parasites.At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships. For example, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population. Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism) in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this host-parasite relationship.In contrast to parasitism, in commensalism, one partner benefits without significantly affecting the other. Few cases of absolute commensalism probably exist, because it is unlikely that one of the partners will be completely unaffected. Commensal associations sometimes involve one species' obtaining food that is inadvertently exposed by another. For instance, several kinds of birds feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing cattle. It is difficult to imagine how this could affect the cattle, but the relationship may help or hinder them in some way not yet recognized.The third type of symbiosis, mutualism, benefits both partners in the relationship Legume plants and their nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and the interactions between flowering plantsand their pollinators, are examples of mutualistic association. In the first case, the plants provide the bacteria with carbohydrates and other organic compounds, and the bacteria have enzymes that act as catalysts that eventually add nitrogen to the soil, enriching it. In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only. Another example of mutualism would be the bull's horn acacia tree, which grows in Central and South America. The tree provides a place to live for ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex. The ants live in large, hollow thorns and eat sugar secreted by the tree. The ants also eat yellow structures at the tip of leaflets: these are protein rich and seem to have no function for the tree except to attract ants. The ants benefit the host tree by attacking virtually anything that touches it. They sting other insects and large herbivores (animals that eat only plants) and even clip surrounding vegetation that grows near the tree. When the ants are removed, the trees usually die, probably because herbivores damage them so much that they are unable to compete with surrounding vegetation for light and growing space.The complex interplay of species in symbiotic relationships highlights an important point about communities: Their structure depends on a web of diverse connections among organisms.46.Which of the following statements about commensalism can be inferred from paragraph 1? [单选题] *[A]It excludes interactions between more than two species.[B]It makes it less likely for species within a community to survive.[C]Its significance to the organization of biological communities is small.(正确答案)[D]Its role in the structure of biological populations is a disruptive one.47.According to paragraph 2. which of the following is true of the action of natural selection on hosts and parasites? [单选题] *[A]Hosts benefit more from natural selection than parasites do.[B]Both aggression in predators and defensive capacities in hosts are favored for species survival.(正确答案)[C]The ability to make toxic chemicals enables a parasite to find and isolate its host.[D]Larger size equips a parasite to prey on smaller host organisms.48.Which of the following can be concluded from the discussion in paragraph 3 about theAustralian rabbit population? [单选题] *[A]Human intervention may alter the host, the parasite. and the relationship between them.(正确答案)[B]The risks of introducing outside organisms into a biological community are not worth the benefits.[C]Humans should not interfere in host-parasite relationships.[D]Organisms that survive a parasitic attack do so in spite of the natural selection process.49.According to paragraph 3, all of the following characterize the way natural selectionstabilized the Australian rabbit population EXCEPT: [单选题] *[A]The most toxic viruses died with their hosts.[B]The surviving rabbits were increasingly immune to the virus.[C]The decline of the mosquito population caused the spread of the virus to decline.(正确答案)[D]Rabbits with specific genetic make-ups were favored.50.According to paragraph 5. which of the following is NOT true of the relationshipbetween the bull's horn acacia tree and the Pseudomyrmex ants? [单选题] *[A]Ants defend the host trees against the predatory actions of insects and animals.[B]The acacia trees are a valuable source of nutrition for the ants.[C]The ants enable the acacia tree to produce its own chemical defenses.(正确答案)[D]The ants protect the acacia from having to compete with surrounding vegetation.。
2007年研究生入学物理化学考试题
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(1) 在定压 101.325kPa 下使气体冷却到体积为 2.241×10－3m3。 (2) 再在定容下加热使气体温度回到原来温度 273.1K。已知气体的 CV,m＝(3/2)R, Cp,m＝(5/2)R。 3. 在 400K 時 ， 将 0.0163mol 的 PCl5 置 于 1.0L 容 器 中 ， 当 按 下 反 应 ： ， PCl5 ( g ) PCl3 ( g ) Cl2 ( g ) ， 达 平 衡 后 （ 设 为 理 想 气 体 ） 测 得 压 力 p ＝ 101.325KPa。计算反应的离解度α （转化率）和平衡常数 K 。 p （15 分） 4.为了在总表面积为 2×10－2m2 的金属片上电镀一层厚为 1×10－5m 的镍，问 2A 的电 流通过镍盐溶液需多少时间？已知镍的密度为 8.9×103kg·m-3，Ni(s)的摩尔质量 为 58.7g·mol-1。 分） （8 5.某反应物 A 和 B 等量混合，在 1 小时后反应了 75%,以 A 为标准，等量反应，分别 为一级反应、二级反应、零级反应，求 2 小时后反应物 A 还剩多少？（15 分） 6.在 0.1MPa 下,1mol 气态 NH3 由－25℃变为 0℃。计算此过程中 NH3 的熵变。已知 NH3 的定压摩尔热容：Cp,m/J·K-1·mol-1＝24.77＋37.49×10－3T/K,若热源温度为 0℃， 试判断过程的可逆性。 （12 分） 7.用碳在高温下还原 ZnO，达到平衡后体系中有 ZnO(s)，C(s)，Zn(g)，CO2(g)和 CO(g) 五种物质存在，试问： (1) 这些物质之间可存在哪些关系？ (2) 体系的自由度是多少？ (3) 独立变量可能是什么？ 8.苯和甲苯混合成理想溶液,在 303 K 时纯苯的蒸气压为 15799Pa,纯甲苯的蒸气压为 4893Pa, 若将等摩尔的苯和甲苯混合为溶液，问在 303 K 平衡时，气相中各组分的 摩尔分数和质量分数各为若干? （10 分） （10 分）
大学物理化学试题及答案
物理化学试卷一一、选择题 ( 共15题 30分 )1. 下列诸过程可应用公式 dU = (Cp- nR)dT进行计算的是： ( C )(A) 实际气体等压可逆冷却(B) 恒容搅拌某液体以升高温度(C) 理想气体绝热可逆膨胀(D) 量热弹中的燃烧过程2. 理想气体经可逆与不可逆两种绝热过程： ( B )(A) 可以从同一始态出发达到同一终态因为绝热可逆ΔS = 0(B) 从同一始态出发，不可能达到同一终态绝热不可逆S > 0(C) 不能断定 (A)、(B) 中哪一种正确所以状态函数 S 不同(D) 可以达到同一终态，视绝热膨胀还是绝热压缩而定故终态不能相同3. 理想气体等温过程的ΔF。
( C )(A)>ΔG (B) <ΔG (C) =ΔG (D) 不能确定4. 下列函数中为强度性质的是： ( C )(A) S (B) (G/p)T(C) (U/V)T 容量性质除以容量性质为强度性质 (D) CV5. 273 K，10p下，液态水和固态水（即冰）的化学势分别为μ(l) 和μ(s)，两者的关系为：( C )(A) μ(l) >μ(s) (B) μ(l) = μ(s)(C) μ(l) < μ(s) (D) 不能确定6. 在恒温抽空的玻璃罩中封入两杯液面相同的糖水 (A) 和纯水 (B)。
经历若干时间后，两杯液面的高度将是(μ(纯水)>μ(糖水中水) ,水从(B) 杯向(A) 杯转移 ) ( A )(A) A 杯高于 B 杯 (B) A 杯等于 B 杯(C) A 杯低于 B 杯 (D) 视温度而定7. 在通常情况下,对于二组分物系能平衡共存的最多相为： ( D )(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 * Φ=C+2-f=2+2-0=48. 硫酸与水可形成H2SO4·H2O(s)、H2SO4·2H2O(s)、H2SO4·4H2O(s)三种水合物,问在 101325 Pa 的压力下，能与硫酸水溶液及冰平衡共存的硫酸水合物最多可有多少种? ( C )(A) 3 种 (B) 2 种(C) 1 种 (D) 不可能有硫酸水合物与之平衡共存。
2007年华南理工大学物理化学考研试题及参考答案
试计算：(1) 甲烷的vapH m ，vapG m ，vapS m 及该过程的 Q，W；
(2) 环境的S 环和总熵变S。(10 分) 解：(1)利用克-克方程
vapH m =RT2dlnp/dT=2.303RT2dlgp/dT=2.303RT2×(445/T2)K
=2.303×8.315×445J.mol -1 =8522 J.mol -1
(3) H=Qp =0，U=HpV H=0 S =S1+S2 =ncp,m(l)ln( T2/T1+x凝固 Hm/T2 =(18.02×4.184×ln(273.15/268.15) 0.06274×6009/273.15) J.K-1 =0.01269 J.K-1 (4) 过程绝热且S>0，为自发，不是可逆。
注意：本题先算 Q 比算 W 要方便。
3．在 100~120K 的温度范围内，甲烷的蒸气压与绝对温度 T 如下式所示： lg( p/Pa) = 8.974 - 445/(T/K) 甲烷的正常沸点为 112 K。在 105 Pa 下，下列状态变化是等温可逆地进行的。 CH4(l) ＝ CH4(g) (p，112 K)
(2) 绝热可逆膨胀后，等压加热到终态。(15 分)
恒压 解：(1) 状态变化：(T1=298.2K，p1=506.5kPa, V1) (T2=?，p2= p1, V2) 恒容 (T3=298.2K，p3=101.3kPa, V3=V2)
其中：V3=V2=nRT3/p3=(1×8.315×298.2/101300) m3=0.02448m3 理想气体始终态温度相同，U=H=0 S =nRln( p1/p3)= {1×8.315×ln(506.5/101.3)} J.K-1=13.38 J.K-1 G=H-TS=(0-298.2×13.38)J =-3990J
研究生入学考试871物理化学
浙江师范大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：８７１科目名称：物理化学提示：1、本科目适用专业：物理化学，有机化学，分析化学2、请将所有答案写于答题纸上，写在试题上的不给分；3、请填写准考证号后6位：____________。
一、单选题(每题2分，共60分)1．对于热力学能（内能）是体系状态的单值函数概念，错误理解是：(A)体系处于一定的状态，具有一定的热力学能(B)对应于某一状态，热力学能只能有一个数值不能有两个以上的数值(C)状态发生变化，热力学能也一定跟着变化(D)对应于一个内能值，可以有多个状态2．一定量的单原子理想气体，从 A 态变化到 B 态，变化过程不知道，但若A 态与B态两点的压强、体积和温度都已确定，那就可以求出：(A)气体膨胀所做的功 (B) 气体热力学能（内能）的变化(C)气体分子的质量 (D) 热容的大小3．反应 C(石墨) + ½O2(g)→ CO(g)，∆H(298K)<0，若将此反应放于一个恒容绝热容器中进行，则体系：(A) ∆T < 0，∆U < 0，∆H < 0 (B) ∆T > 0，∆U = 0，∆H > 0(C) ∆T > 0，∆U > 0，∆H > 0 (D) ∆T > 0，∆U = 0，∆H = 04．可逆热机的效率最高，因此由可逆热机带动的火车：(A) 跑的最快 (B) 跑的最慢 (C) 夏天跑的快 (D) 冬天跑的快5．理想气体在绝热条件下，在恒外压下被压缩到终态，则体系与环境的熵变：(A) ∆S(体) > 0，∆S(环) > 0 (B) ∆S(体) < 0，∆S(环) < 0(C) ∆S(体) > 0，∆S(环) = 0 (D) ∆S(体) > 0，∆S(环) < 06．特鲁顿（Trouton）规则适用于(A)任何纯液体 (B) 二元溶液 (C)缔合液体 (D)正常液体7．∆G = ∆F的过程是：(A) H2O(l,373K,p ) → H2O(g,373K,p )(B) N2(g,400K,1000kPa) → N2(g,400K,100kPa)(C) 等温等压下，N2(g) + 3H2(g) →NH3(g)(D) Ar(g,T,p ) →Ar(g,T+100,p )8．25℃时，将11.2升O2与11.2升N2混合成11.2升的混合气体，该过程：(A) ∆S > 0，∆G < 0 (B) ∆S < 0，∆G < 0(C) ∆S = 0，∆G = 0 (D) ∆S = 0，∆G < 09．下列各量中哪个是偏摩尔量：(A) (B)(C) (D)10．在101325Pa的压力下，I2在液态水和CCl4中达到分配平衡（无固态碘存在），则该体系的自由度数为(A)f*=1 (B)f*=2 (C) f*=0 (D)f*=311．在370K和296K两热源之间工作的热机的最大效率为：(A)20% (B)25% (C)75% (D)95%12．将NH4HS（s）放入25℃的抽空恒温容皿中，发生下列反应：NH4HS（s） NH3（g）+H2S(g)，则该体系的条件自由度等于：(A)3 (B)2 (C)1 (D)013．下列叙述中错误的是：(A) 水的三相点的温度是273.15K，压力是610.62 Pa(B) 三相点的温度和压力仅由系统决定，不能任意改变(C) 水的冰点温度是0℃(273.15K)，压力是101325 Pa(D) 水的三相点f = 0，而冰点f = 114．设反应 A(s) = D(g) + G(g) 的∆r G m (J·mol-1) = -4500 + 11(T/K)，要防止反应发生，温度必须：(A) 高于409K (B) 低于136K(C) 高于136K而低于409K (D) 低于409K15. 对于恒沸物的描述，哪一点是不正确的(A)恒沸物的组成恒服从定比定律 (B)沸腾时其气液相组成相同(C)当压力恒定时恒沸物的组成一定 (D)若恒沸物的恒沸点在T-X图上是最低点，则在P-X图上是最高点16．电导测定应用广泛，但下列问题中哪个是不能用电导测定来解决的(A)求难溶盐的溶解度 (B)求弱电解质的解离度(C)求平均活度系数 (D)测电解质溶液的浓度17．298 K时，0.005 mol·kg-1的 KCl 和 0.005 mol·kg-1的 NaAc 溶液的离子平均活度系数分别为γ±,1和γ±,2,则有(A) γ±,1= γ±,2 (B) γ±,1＞γ±,2 (C) γ±,1＜γ±,2 (D) γ±,1≥γ±,2 18．金属与溶液间电势差的大小和符号主要取决于:(A)金属的表面性质 (B)溶液中金属离子的浓度(C)金属与溶液的接触面积 (D)金属的本性和溶液中原有的金属离子浓度19．表面吉布斯自由能与表面张力的数值：(A)一定相同 (B)一定不同 (C)有可能相同 (D)无法比较20．在25℃无限稀的水溶液中，离子摩尔电导率最大的是(A)La3+ (B)Mg2+ (C)NH4+ (D)H+21．随着电流密度由小到大增加，电解池的实际分解电压V(分)与原电池的端电压V(端) 将：(A) V(分)递增，V(端)递减(B) V(分)递减，V(端)递增(C) V(分)、V(端)递增(D) V(分)、V(端)递减22．在一个密闭的容器中，有大小不同的两个水珠，长期放置后，会发生：(A) 大水珠变大，小水珠变小 (B) 大水珠变大，小水珠变大(C) 大水珠变小，小水珠变大 (D) 大水珠，小水珠均变小23．有关绝对反应速率理论的叙述中，不正确的是：(A)反应分子组实际经历途径中每个状态的能量都是最低(B)势能垒是活化络合物分子在马鞍点的能量与反应物分子的能量之差(C)活化络合物在马鞍点的能量最高(D)反应分子组越过马鞍点后可能返回始态24．在低于室温的温度下，在固体表面上的气体吸附一般是什么形式：(A)形成表面化合物 (B)化学吸附(C)液化 (D)物理吸附25．下列性质中既不属于溶胶动力学性质又不属于电动性质的是：(A)沉降平衡 (B)布朗运动；(C)沉降电势 (D)电导26．某一级反应A →B ，A 的浓度消耗51时，经历的时间为4秒，A 反应掉21所需时间(s)为：(A)12.42 (B)6.21 (C)4.14 (D)3.1127．25℃时电池反应 H 2(g) + ½O 2(g) = H 2O(l)对应的电池标准电动势为E 1，则反应2H 2O(l)=2H 2(g) + O 2(g)所对应的电池的标准电动势E 2是：(A) E 2 =-2E 1 (B) E 2= 2E 1 (C)E 2 =-E 1 (D) E 2 = E 128．涉及溶液表面超量的说法中正确的是：(A)溶液表面发生吸附后表面自由能增加(B)溶质的表面张力一定小于溶剂的表面张力(C)定温下，表面张力不随浓度变化时，浓度增大，表面超量不变(D)饱和溶液的表面不会发生吸附现象29．某反应速率常数k = 2.31 × 10-2mol -1·dm 3·s -1，反应起始浓度为1.0 mol ·dm -3，则其反应半衰期为：(A)43.29 s (B)15 s (C)30 s (D)21.65 s30．由过量KBr(1) 与AgNO 3(1)混合制得溶胶，与该溶胶有关的下列表述中正确的是：(A)胶粒带正电 (B)扩散层荷负电 (C)负溶胶 (D)反号离子是NO 3-二、是非题（每题1分，共10分）1．当系统向环境传热时(Q < 0)，系统的熵一定减少。