测控技术与仪器专业英语 Unit 2
测试计量技术及仪器专业英语
测试计量技术及仪器专业英语The Essentials of Metrology and Instrumentation in Testing.Metrology, the science of measurement, and instrumentation, the technology that supports accurate measurements, are crucial in various industries, including engineering, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. The advancement of testing technologies depends heavily on the precision and reliability of metrological methods and instrumentation.1. Fundamentals of Metrology.Metrology involves the study of the science, technology, and application of measurement. It encompasses units of measurement, measurement standards, and traceability, allof which are essential for ensuring accurate and reliable test results. Units of measurement, such as the meter and the kilogram, provide a common language for comparing andcommunicating measurements. Measurement standards, such as the International System of Units (SI), establish a unified framework for measurement. Traceability, the ability tolink measurements back to these standards, ensures that measurements are consistent and comparable across different laboratories and industries.2. Instrumentation in Testing.Instrumentation plays a vital role in testing by providing the tools and equipment necessary to make precise measurements. Instruments range from simple devices like thermometers and scales to complex systems like spectrophotometers and mass spectrometers. The accuracy and reliability of these instruments directly impact thevalidity of test results. Therefore, it is crucial to choose appropriate instrumentation based on the specific requirements of the test.3. Types of Instrumentation.Instrumentation can be classified into severalcategories based on their function and application. Some common types of instrumentation include:Mechanical Instruments: These include devices like calipers, micrometers, and gauges, which are used to measure physical dimensions and shapes.Electrical Instruments: These instruments, such as voltmeters, ammeters, and oscilloscopes, measure electrical properties like voltage, current, and frequency.Optical Instruments: These include microscopes, telescopes, and spectrophotometers, which are used to measure optical properties and analyze light.Electronic Instruments: These instruments, like mass spectrometers and chromatographs, use electronics to measure and analyze chemical and physical properties.4. Applications of Metrology and Instrumentation.Metrology and instrumentation have a wide range ofapplications across various industries. In engineering, they are used to ensure the dimensional accuracy of components and systems, ensuring their performance and reliability. In healthcare, medical instrumentation is used to diagnose diseases, monitor patient health, and deliver targeted therapies. In environmental monitoring, instrumentation is used to measure and analyze pollutants, climate change, and other environmental factors.5. Challenges and Future Trends.Despite the significant advancements in metrology and instrumentation, several challenges remain. One of the primary challenges is the need for continuous innovation and improvement to meet the increasing demand for higher accuracy and reliability. Additionally, the integration of metrology and instrumentation with emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and nanotechnology, offers exciting opportunities for future development.In conclusion, metrology and instrumentation play a pivotal role in testing, ensuring the accuracy andreliability of measurements across various industries. The continuous evolution of these technologies, coupled with advancements in instrumentation, will further enhance the precision and efficiency of testing, driving innovation and progress in various fields.。
测控技术与仪器专业英语阅读翻译
测控技术与仪器专业英语阅读翻译篇一：测控技术与仪器专业英语翻译5. InheritanceIn Figure , the classes SalesOrderCheclcPmt and SalesOrderCreditPmt are called subclasses of SalesOrder. The class SalesOrder is called the super class of SalesOrderCheckPmt and SalesOrderCreditPmt. The relationship between a class and its subclass (or superclass) is called generalization or specialization. Subclasses inherit attributes and operations from their class. A subclass has its own additional attributes and operations. For example, the class SalesOrderCreditPmt inherits the attributes order No, order Date, delivery Date, and order Terms and the methods calcTotal and changeDelivDate. In this case, the class SalesOrder is the generalized class, and SalesOrderCheckPrmt and SalesOrderCreditPrmt are the specialized classes.6. PolymorphismEarlier it was mentioned that a DVR and a DVD player that respond similarly but differently to the same message are polymorphic. Polymorphism means “having many forms”. In the context of OQSAD, polymorphism means that the same message caninvoke similar but different behavior. Thus, a message that invokes the operation calcTotalQ of a :SalesOrder object will result in the sales order total calculation; a message that invokes the operation calcTotaIQ of a PurchaseOrder object will result in a purchase order total calculation. The implementation of the operations in the respective classes will be different.Foundations of the object modelStructured design methods evolved to guide developers who were trying to build complex systems using algorithms as their fundamental building blocks. Similarly, object-oriented design methods have evolved to help developers exploit the expressive power of object-based and object- oriented programming languages, using the class and object as basic building blocks. Foundations of the object model.Actually, the object model has been influenced by a number of factors, not just object-oriented programming. The object model has proven to be a unifying concept in computer science, applicable not just to programming languages but also to the design of user interfaces, databases, and even computer architectures. The reason for this widespread appeal is simply that an object orientation helps us to cope with the complexityinherent in many different kinds of systems.5。
测控专业英语翻译
测控专业英语翻译Unit 1 Measurement, Control and InstrumentationInstrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control. Instrumentation engineers are responsible for controlling a whole system like a power plant.译为：仪器可定义为测量和控制的艺术和科学。
仪器工程师负责控制整个系统，比如一个电厂。
An instrument is a device that measures and/or regulates process variables such as flow, temperature, level, or pressure. Instruments include many varied contrivances that can be as simple as valves and transmitters, and as complex as analyzers.译为：仪器是一种用来测量和/或调节过程变量（如流量、温度、液位或压力）的装置。
仪器包括许多不同的设备，可以像阀和变送器那样简单，也可以像分析仪那样复杂。
Instruments often comprise control systems of varied processes such as refineries, factories, and vehicles. The control of processes is one of the main branches of applied instrumentation. Instrumentation can also refer to handheld devices that measure some desired variable. Diverse handheld instrumentation is common in laboratories, but can be found in the householdas well. For example, a smoke detector is a common instrument found in most western homes.译为：仪器通常由如精炼厂、工厂和车辆这些不同流程的控制系统组成。
测控技术与仪器专业英语课后阅读翻译(1,5~10)
第1章课后Underwater Acoustic SignalIn the operation of a sonar system the operator is repeatedly faced with the problem of detecting a signal which is obscured by noise. This signal may be an echo resulting from a transmitted signal over which the operator has some control, or it may have its origin in some external source. These two modes of operation arise in radar surveillance and in disciplines for techniques and for illustrations of the basic principles.Since there are many ways in which one can think about signal detection , it is desirable to define a term to denote special cases . The word detection will be used when the question to be answered is, …Are one or more signals present?‟ when the system is designed to provide an answered to this question , either deterministic or probabilistic, one speaks of hypothesis testing. The case of a single signal occurs so often that many system are designed to provide only two answers, …Yes , a signal is present,‟ or …No, there is no signal.‟ One can make the p roblem more complicated by endeavoring to classify the signal into categories. Decisions of this latter kind will be referred to as target classification.Normally a piece of detection equipment is designed to operate in a fixed mode and the parameters such as integrating time of rectifier circuits or persistence of the oscilloscope tube for visual detection cannot be changed readily. There will always be some uncertain signals, which the observer will be hesitant to reject or accept. In these cases the operator might have the feeling that if the integrating time of the detector or the persistence of the oscilloscope tube were longer, he could reach a decision about the existence of the signal. Wald(1950) has formulated this intuitive feeling into a theory of detection. When one is able to vary deliberately the interval over which one stores data in the reception system in order to achieve a certain level of certainty, one speaks of sequential detection. Frequently it is desirable to determine not only the presence or absence of the signal but also one or more parameters associated with the signal . The parameters of interest can vary widely from a simple quantity such as time of arrival or target bearing to the recovery of the complete waveform . When a system is designed to recover one or more parameters associated with the signal , one speaks of signal extraction.The word signal was not defined and it was assumed that the reader had an intuitive felling for the word. Some elaboration may be in order since the definition of signal subjective and depends on the application . One may say that …signal‟ is what one wants to observe and noise is anything that obscures the observation. Thus, a tuna fisherman who is searching the ocean with the aid of sonar equipment will be overjoyed with sounds that are impairing the performance of a nearby sonar system engaged in tracking a submarine. Quite literally, one man‟s signal is another man‟s noise.Signals come in all shapes and forms. In active sonar system one may use simple sinusoidal signals of fixed duration and modulations thereof. There are impulsive signals such as those made with explosions or thumpers. At the other extreme one may make use of pseudorandom signals. In passive systems, the signals whose detection is sought may be noise in the conventional meaning of the word; noise produced by propellers or underwater swimmers, for example. It should be evident that one of our problem will be the formulation of mathematical techniques that can be used to describe the signal. Although the source in an active sonar search system may be designed to transmit a signal known shape, there is no guarantee that the return signal whose detection is sought will be similar. In fact , there are many factors to change the signal. The amplitude loss associated with inverse spherical spreading is most unfortunate for the detection system nut it does not entail any distortion of the wave shape . (Incidentally, where the wave can be approximated locally as a plane wave.) The acoustic medium has an attenuation factor , which depends on the frequency . This produces a slight distortion of the wave shape and a corresponding change in the energy spectrum of the pulse. The major changes in the waveform result from acoustic boundaries and inhomogeneities in the medium.When echoes are produced by extended targets such as submarines, there are two distinct ways in which echo structure is affected. First, there is the interference between reflections from the different leads to a target strength that fluctuates rapidly with changes in the aspect. Secondly, there is theelongation of the composite echo due to the distribution of reflecting features along the submarines. This means that the duration of the composite echo is dependent in a simple manner on the aspect angle. If T is the duration of the echo from a point scatterer, and L is the length of the submarine, the duration of the returned echo will be T=(2L/c)cosA ,where A is the acute angle between the major axis of the submarine and the line joining the source and the submarine. C is the velocity of sound in the water. Of course, LcosA must be replaced by the beam width of the submarine when A is near.A final source of pulse distortion is the Doppler shifts produced by the relative motions between the source, and the target (or detector in passive listening) may each have a different velocity relative to the bottom, the variety of effects may be quite large.水下声波信号在声纳操作过程中，操作员经常需要对受噪声干扰的信号进行检波。
成都理工大学测控技术与仪器专业英语2020年考试试题(含答案)
成都理工大学2019—2020学年 第二学期《测控技术与仪器专业英语》考试试卷班级：版权方要求不公开 学号： 版权方要求不公开 姓名：版权方要求不公开 一、英译汉，请将下面的英文材料逐段翻译成中文。
（50分） Course overview 翻译： 提赛德大学的仪表及控制工程荣誉硕士学位将让你成为一名专业工程师，绝对得走上高收入的道路。
你学习复杂的电子、网络和线性控制技术，用于创建具有一系列功能的仪表和控制工程系统。
Teesside University’s MEng (Hons) Instrumentation and Control Engineering degree will set you firmly on the path for high -earning potential as a professional engineer. You learn the intricacies of electronics, networks and linear control to create instrumentation and control engineering systems which have a range of applications. 翻译： 从日常用品，比如交通灯或自动门等，到更复杂的系统，像飞机、卫星和核电设备，仪器仪表和控制技术的应用几乎是永无止境的。
东北部是一个主要的工业中心，正在不断寻找学识合格的工程毕业生，这个学位的课程规划充分利用大学的地理位置优势，为你提供重要的实践条件元素和受雇于工业企业的机会。
From everyday items such as traffic lights or automatic doors, to more complex systems like aircraft, satellites and nuclear power plants, the uses for instrumentation and control technology are virtually endless.The North East is amajor centre forindustries constantly seeking well -qualifiedengineering graduates,andthis degree programme takes fulladvantage of the University's location by providing you with significant practical elements and opportunity to engage with industry.翻译：发现学习其中一个学位科目是什么样的感觉，并通过我们的一个互动STEMulate12课程获取有关工业化职业生涯的建议。
介绍你的专业测控技术与仪器英语作文
The Essence of Measurement and Control Technology: An Introduction toInstrumentationIn the vast landscape of engineering disciplines, Measurement and Control Technology, often referred to as Instrumentation, stands as a pivotal force in the modern world. This field, encompassing multiple subdomains like automation, precision measurement, and control systems, is at the forefront of technological advancements, shaping how we interact with machines, systems, and the world at large. At its core, Instrumentation is the science and art of acquiring, processing, and utilizing information to monitor and control physical processes. This involves the design, development, and implementation of precise measuring devices, known as instruments, which are critical in converting raw data into meaningful information. These instruments range from simple thermometers and pressure gauges to complex sensors and automated systems, each tailored to specific applications and environments.The instrumentation engineer's toolbox is diverse, encompassing electronics, computer science, and mechanicalengineering principles. They must have a deep understanding of signal processing, which involves converting analog signals from sensors into digital information that computers can understand. This digital information is then processed using algorithms to extract valuable insights and control the system accordingly.Automation is a crucial aspect of Instrumentation. Automation systems, powered by instrumentation, enable precise control over various processes, from industrial manufacturing lines to spacecraft navigation. These systems can adjust parameters in real-time, optimizing performance and minimizing errors. Instrumentation engineers play a vital role in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of these systems, ensuring they function seamlessly under various conditions.Precision measurement is another cornerstone of Instrumentation. Accurate measurements are essential in fields like healthcare, where instrumentation is used to monitor patient health and administer treatment. In research and development, precise measurements are critical for understanding physical phenomena and推进技术突破。
【测控专业英语】Calibration and Operating Characteristic 校准及运行特性.
测控技术与仪器专业英语
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Unit 4
Calibration
The calibration procedure and instrument performance 3.1 checks are generally specified by the instrument manufacturer in the manuals that are provided with the instrument． 校准过程和仪器性能检查通常由仪器厂商在随仪器提供 的手册中指定或设置。 Frequent unnecessary adjustments may also interfere 3.6 with the records for an instrument and accelerate progressive drift in values. 频繁不必要调整可能会影响仪器的记录，并加速数值的 逐渐地漂移。
4
Unit 4
Calibration
Calibration refers to the comparison of a measurement 1.1 instrument to a standard or other instrument of known accuracy in order to bring the instrument into substantial agreement with an established standard. 校准是指为了使仪器与已有标准完全一致（匹配）而将 一个测量仪器与一个标准的或其他已知准确度的仪器相 比较的过程。
测控技术与仪器专业英语
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1 Measurement
When the measured variable is continuously varied over 2.2 the range, some measuring instruments change their output in discrete steps rather than in a continuous manner. The resolution of this type of measuring instrument is a single step of the output. 当被测量在测量范围内连续变化时，某些测量仪器以离 散的阶跃形式改变其输出，而非连续方式。这类测量仪 器的分辨率即是输出的一次阶跃。
测控技术与仪器专业英语词汇
Lesson 1Accuracy 精确性、精度Amplitude 振幅，幅度Channel 信道，频道Coefficient 系数Convergence 收敛Differentiate 求……的微分Expansion 展开式Harmonic 谐波的Instant 瞬时，时间Integrate 求……的积分Linear 线性的Order 次序，阶Peak 最高的，最高峰Periodicity 周期Phase 相位Polynomial 多项式的，多项式Resistor 电阻器Series 展成级数，级数Taylor series 泰勒级数Set 集合Sinusoidal 正弦的Time domain 时域frequency-domain 频域integrand 被积函数Lesson 2decay 衰减duration 持续时间exponential 指数的multiplier 乘数，乘法器oscillatory 振荡的frequency density function 频率密度函数Fourier series 傅立叶级数Spectrum 频谱Imaginary part of complex 复数的虚部Real part of complex 复数的实部Conjugate pairs 共轭对Lesson 3algorithm 算法decaying oscillatory function 衰减振荡函数power series 幂级数shift operator 移位算子product 乘积electrical disturbance 电干扰sampled-data signal 数据采样信号be proportional to 与…成正比Lesson 5dead-band 死区hysteresis 滞后linearity 线性度measurand 被测量oscilloscope 示波器performance 特性precision 精确度resolution 分辨率static friction 静态摩擦sensitivity 灵敏度calibration 校准loading effect 负载效应slop 斜率platinum 铂thermometer 温度计in cascade with 与…串联in parallel with 与…并联lever 杠杆displacement 位移indicated value示值true value 真值deflection 偏转possible error 可能误差probable error 概率误差root-sum-square error 方和根误差Lesson 6overshoot 过调量，超调量transient response 瞬态响应variable 变量ramp 斜坡resonance 共振step input 阶跃输入step response 阶跃响应transient 瞬态的first-order system 一阶系统static error 静态误差dynamic error 动态误差time constant 时间常数frequency response 频率响应damping ratio 阻尼比under-damp 欠阻尼over-damp 过阻尼mass-spring system 质量-弹簧系统steady-state 稳态rise time 上升时间settling time 建立时间（过渡过程时间）specification 性能指标tolerance 容差Lesson 7capacitance 电容deformation 变形distortion 变形，扭曲electromagnetic 电磁的gauge 表，仪器，计strain gauge 应变计crystalline material 晶体材料voltage 电压current 电流harmonics 谐波inductance 电感，感应infrared 红外的linearize 线性化natural frequency 固有频率mutual-inductance 互感photoconductive cell 光电导管photoelectric effect 光电效应piezo-electric 压电的potential divider 分压器potentiometer 电位计，电位器精品文库resistance 电阻thermistor 热敏电阻transducer 转换器，传感器cross-sectional area 截面积excitation voltage 激励电压full-scale 满量程rotary 旋转的translational 平移的mechanical wear 机械磨损inertia 惯性power dissipation 功耗illumination 照度transparent 透明的Lesson 8coupling 耦合flux 磁通impedance 阻抗permeability 磁导率permittivity 电容率，介电系数reluctance 磁阻variable-distance capacitive transducer 变间距式电容式传感器oscillation circuit 振荡电路l.v.d.t 线性差动变压器piezo-electric transducer 压电式传感器charge amplifier 电荷放大器parallel-plate capacitor 平板电容器variable-reluctance transducer 变磁阻传感器liquid level 液位Lesson 9apparatus 仪器attenuator 衰减器bandwidth 带宽battery 电池be inversely proportional to 与成反比be proportional to 与成正比capacitor 电容feedback 反馈gain 增益operational amplifier 运算放大器semiconductor 半导体terminal 终端test probe 探针voltmeter 电压表multirange 多量程variable resistor 可变电阻Lesson 10duty cycle 占空比timerbase 时基register 寄存器signal conditioning 信号调理threshold 阈值trigger 触发器Lesson 11adapter boarder 适配板analog-to-digital conversion模数转换desktop 工作平台distortion 失真dynamic 动态的expansion slot 扩展槽generator 发生器interface 接口local area network LAN 局域网motherboard 母板scale 刻度slot 长槽workbench 工作台computer-aided testing（CAT）计算机辅助测试desktop personal computer台式个人计算机knob 旋钮16-channel analog-to-digitalconversion board 16通道模/数转换板12-bit resolution 12位分辨率buffer 缓冲器interface 接口data-gathering device 数据采集装置Lesson 12active element 有源元件bias 偏差，偏置current intensity 电流electrode 电极field-effect transistor FET场效应管grid 格子，栅极integrated circuit 集成电路magnetic field 磁场passive component 无源元件photocell 光电管sensor 传感器，敏感元件thermocouple 热电偶transducer 变换器，换能器，传感器vacuum tube 真空管，电子管Lesson 13cache memory 高速缓冲存储器，高速缓存control unit 控制器，控制部件drain 场效应管的漏集dynamic RAM （DRAM）动态随机存取存储器gate 门（电路），管子的栅极local memory 局部存储器，本地存储器metal-oxide-semiconductorfield effect transistor（MOSFET）金属氧化物半导体场效应管microcontroller 微控制器microprocessor微处理器monitor 监视器mouse 鼠标精品文库printer打印机static RAM （SRAM）静态RAMultra-large-scale integratedcircuit 超大规模集成电路。
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• Electrical parameters
– – – – electrical resistance 电阻 capacitance 电容 inductance 电感 frequency 频率
– 出于这样的原因，通常不能够采用与测量无生命对象（放 入自动调温器，调节至确定的电压等）同样的方式构造独 立的测量。
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2 M- of non-physical quantities
– It is, for example, not very practicable to isolate a 2.11 section of the population from the rest of the world, for the sake of an economic measurement conducted to verify the relationship between the scarcity and the price of consumer goods. – 例如，出于进行检验稀缺资源和消费商品价格之间 关系的经济测量的原因，从世界人口中独立出一个 部分是行不通的。 – Also, the repetition of an experiment is often not 3.1 possible when dealing with such complex measurement objects. – 当处理这类复杂测量对象时，实验通常是无法重复 的。 16
1 Measurement of Physical Quantity • Electrical current
– This device measures the electromagnetic force 1.2 between two current carrying coils (one fixed, one moving) by balancing it with the force of gravity, acting on a known mass. – 这个设备通过与之平衡的重力测量两个载流线 圈之间的电磁力，这是一种通用的方式。 – The force between the coils is given by F = I2 1.4 dM/dx, in which M is the known mutual induction of the coils and x is the known distance between them. – M是已知线圈间的互感， x是已知线圈间的距离。
• Q8
– What stages will the data go through after it is collected? 数据被收集后将进入什么处理阶段？
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Words and Expressions
– – – – – – physical quantity 物理量 electrical potential difference 电势差 mutual induction 互感 random errors 随机误差 oscilloscope 示波器 gravity 重力
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Questions before reading
• Q5
– What do people mean with the term „data‟?
• Q6
术语数据
– What are qualitative data and quantitative 质量数据 data? 数量数据
• Q7
– How do people categorize numerical data? 分类数值数据
• Q2
– What energy system do physical quantities attribute to? 归属于
• Q3
– How do people make standards for these physical quantities? 标准
• Q4
– What important usages are there for the quantities? 重要用途
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1 Measurement of Physical Quantity
– Usually the sensors receive the information of 2.1 quantities under measurement (QUM) and convert it into variation of electrical parameters or electrical potential, which will normally be conditioned, and then converted into the electrical quantities, specially the current, and sent to the A/D converters. – 通常，传感器接收被测量的信息并将其转换为 待调理的电参数或电压，继而转换成电量，特 别是电流，后送入A/D转换器。
2 M- of non-physical quantities
– With non-physical measurements, however, the 3.3
object often behaves differently the second time, because it has either learned from the first measurement, or it is no longer motivated to cooperate, has become tired, etc.
– 电势差的基本标准曾经是由一个电化学标准电池 （韦斯顿标准电池）提供的。 – The voltage of a Weston cell is approximately 1.01860V at 20℃, with an inaccuracy of 3×10-6 under optimal conditions. 不确定度 – 在最优条件下，20℃时韦斯顿电池的电压接近 1.01860± 3×10-6 V。
fields are very difficult or even impossible to measure, mainly because they are part of very complex systems (people, organizations, societies, etc.) .
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1 Measurement of Physical Quantity
• Electrical potential difference
– Optimal conditions mean a variation of temperature less than 10-3 K, no load, no vibrations or jolting. – 最优条件是指温度变化在10-3 K以内，并且无负载， 无振动或震击。 – A Weston standard cell has a very long thermal after-effect. After the cell has been heated to 30℃ it can take 6 months before it is totally stable within 0.3μV of the original value at 20 ℃. – 韦斯顿电池有很长的热后效应。 – Furthermore, a Weston cell will age, …… 老化 9
Chapter 1 Introduction to Measurement
Unit 2 Measurement of Quantities and Measurement Data
测控技术与仪器专业英语
Questions before reading • Q1
– What physical quantities are often used in test and measure technology? 物理量
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1 Measurement of Physical Quantity
• Electrical potential difference
– The primary standard for electrical potential difference used to be provided by an electrochemical standard cell (the Weston standard cell).
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Main content
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Measurement of Physical Quantity
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Measurement of non-physical quantities The Nature of Data
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1 Measurement of Plectrical quantities
– 出现在非技术领域的非物理量的测量是困难的 甚至不可能的，主要是因为它们一般是复杂系 统（人群、组织、社会等）的一部分。
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2 M- of non-physical quantities
– Furthermore, these parasitic quantities, which 2.3
influence the measurement result, are not constant during the measurement, making it impossible to correct any errors in the measurement.
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