短文写作常用过渡词

短文写作常用的过渡词
为了使文章连贯，即从一个思想顺利、自然地过渡到另一个思想，写作中常需要使用某个衔接性的词语，能起到这种作用的连词、副词或词组统称为过渡词（transitional words）。

过渡词不仅可用于句子和句子之间的衔接，也可用于段落与段落之间的衔接。

以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的过渡词，学成回国生至少应掌握每组中的一种表达方法。

1．表示叙事顺序
first，．．．second，．．．lastly，．．．
firstly，．．．secondly，．．．lastly，．．．to begin with，．．．next，．．．finally，．．．例如：
The two-day weekend is beneficial to university students in several ways．First，they can give themselves a proper rest after a week's study，hence refreshing themselves physically，
psychologically，and intellectually．Secondly，the long weekend gives them a chance to develop their interpersonal communication skills by socializing during the weekend．Lastly， they can use this time to get closer to nature by doing some outing or excursions．
注：例文的第一句为段落主题句，其后是由过渡词firstly和secondly以及lastly引导的发展句。

全段采用扩张的写作方法。

2．表示补充意思
besides，moreover，furthermore，in addition，what is more，most important of all，last but not least
例如：
1）The house is too small，and furthermore，it's too far from the city．
2）To begin with，we may say．．．Next，I want to point out that．．．Last but not least，we must remember the all important fact that．．．（首
先我们可以说……；其次，我想指出……；最后，但并不是最不重要的，我们必须记住这一极其重要的事实，那就是……）
注：从例句2可看出，本组过渡词可用于替换第一组过渡词中的finally或lastly等。

3．表示结果
therefore，consequently，thus，hence，accordingly，as a result，as a consequence 例如：
1）The supply exceeds the demand．As a result，the price is declining．
2）The demand has increased，and therefore the prices are higher．
3）They have never been to China and therefore they don't know much about it．
注：例句中的as a result亦可用therefore等其他表示结果的过渡词来替换。

4．表示对照
however，nevertheless，while，whereas，on the contrary，on the one hand．．．on the other hand，for one thing ．．．for another
例如：
1）However，television can also be harmful to our health．
2）The countryside，however，has attractions of its own．
3）Some people like it，while（whereas）others hate it．
4）They are not stupid；on the contrary，they are very intelligent．
注：此处的while表示两相对照，相当于汉语的“而”，在图表作文中尤其适用。

5．表示例证
for example，for instance
例如：
1）Many countries，for example，Mexico and Japan， have a lot of earthquakes．
2）Take，for instance，our university．
3）His spelling is terrible．For example，look at this word．
注：如对词序没有把握，可在for example或for instance之后直接写表示例证的句子。

6．表示部分
some people ．．．，（and）other people ．．．some．．．，others．．．，and still others．．．例如：
1）Some people like to play football，and others are fond of basketball．
2）Some are playing games under a big tree，others are rowing on the lake，and still others are singing on the playground．
注：试题中的汉语“有人说”＝“有些人说”，英语应用some people say．．．，而许多考生却常误写为someone（某人）says．．．。

7．表示总结
in a word，in short，in my opinion，to sum up，generally speaking
例如：
1）In a word，if we want to do it well，we must make preparations carefully．
2）To sum up，we've achieved a lot，but we still need to work harder．
3）In my opinion，it is necessary for those top students to take a test of spoken English．注：本组过渡词既可用于文章的结论段，也可用于一个段落中的结论句。