英语国家人文知识概况——专八考试资料

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专八人文知识汇总

专八人文知识汇总

第一章英语国家概括第一节英国概括Ⅰ地理有四个部分组成great Britain(England,Wales,Scotland)and northern IrelandⅡ地理特征最短的海峡strait of Dover 多佛海峡1 England the pennies 英格兰最主要的山脉2 Scotland three natural zone :the highlands central lowlands the southern uplands ,首都是Edinburgh ,river Clyde 克莱德河3 Wales Cardiff 最大的城市和首府4 northern Ireland Belfast 英国最大的湖是内伊湖(Lough Neagh)5 Rivers and lakes最长的是Severn river(赛文河),第二长和最重要的是泰晤士河,(Thames river),典型的海洋性气候(maritime climate)Ⅲ人口60million ,英国人是Anglo-Saxons,苏格兰人hospitable and generous,Wales are emotional and cheerful people,北爱尔兰的官方语言是爱尔兰语,其次才是英语ethic groups 伦敦是最大的少数名族聚居区ⅣHistory:1 first settlers are Lberians (伊利比亚人)2 1066(Norman conquer)1215 (大宪章)1337—1453(英法百年战争)1381(农民起义)1458(玫瑰战争,1350-1650(Renaissance)1642-1646(first civil war ),1658(the restoration 王朝复辟)1688(the glorious revolution)Ⅴ教育实行的是5-16岁都必须前去学习ⅥReligionEstablished churches分为the Church of England(official church ,英国君主必须是这个教的成员主教和大主教由monarch 指定)and the Church of Scotland(Presbyterian,长老教会)Unestablished churches: the Anglican churches 英国圣公会,the free churches 自由教,the roman catholic church 天主教Ⅶ主要节日Christmas day December 25th Easter 复活节(主要的天主教节日)whit Sunday(圣灵降临节,复活节后的第7个周日)Gay Fawkes day (盖伊福克斯之夜,11月5日,燃放烟火的节日)Ⅷsports ,足球是最受欢迎的(职业足球从August 到May),最典型的英国运动是cricket,板球)网球(annual Wimbledon fortnightⅨArts 博物馆(the British museum,the national history museum .the national army museum ,the national gallery)Music (甲壳虫乐队,the Beatles ,first national music day was held in 1992,the most famous music festival is the Edinburgh international festival of music and dramaⅩmedia (BBC ,daily Express Daily mail daily mirror , daily star ,financial times ,the Guardian, the times (泰晤士报)the observer (the first Sunday newspaper)ⅪPoliticalconstitutional monarchy,没有宪法,全靠惯例,parliament (the house of lord and the house of commons,任期为五年)political party :labor party(Whigs 辉格党) and conservative party(Tories 托利党)第二节美国概括Ⅰyellow National park(大平原地带),大峡谷(the grand canvon ,in Arizona ,phoenix is the largest city in the intermountain region ,the largest commercial city( san Francisco, also the second largest city in California )ⅡAlaska and Hawaii (Alaska 居住着Inuits,also called Eskimos)Hawaii (Mauna Loa ,莫纳罗亚山,the world’s largest active volcano,盛产sugar cane and pineapple,首府是Honolulu)Ⅲ地理特征1 两大主要山脉是,Appalachian mountains and rocky mountains ,2 the Mississippi river (greatest continental rivers,American Ruhr ),Ohio river(俄亥俄河)3 the great lakes:lake Michigan(唯一一个在美国境内),lake superior(世界上最大的淡水湖),the lake Huron(休伦湖)lake Erie(伊利湖)and lake Ontario(安大略湖)Ⅳhistory1620,201 pilgrim,mayflower,1774(September, first continental congress), on April 19 ,1775 (,the second continental congress),1776( declaration of independence) , in September 1783, (英国承认其独立,签署停火协议),1789(established federal government),1812(和英国开战,认识到强大的联邦政府的重要)1861-1865(civil war),gilded age (镀金时代,国内战争到20世纪初),1949(north Atlantic treaty),1950s (civil rights movement)1950-1975(the Vietnam war),1972(Watergate scandal)1972 (访华),1979(中美建交)ⅤAmerican political美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪法,(1789讨论成立,国会两院,三分之二以上赞成便可以对宪法进行修改。

专八人文知识吐血整理版

专八人文知识吐血整理版

Part 1 英语国家概况第一章英国第一节概述1 英国四部分首都英格兰(England)首都London,苏格兰(Scotland)首都爱丁堡(Edinburgh),威尔士(Wales)首都加的夫(Cardiff)北爱尔兰(Northern Ireland)首都贝尔法斯特(Belfast)2 英格兰占地面积为整个岛屿的60%(13万平方公里)3 南面的(south)的英吉利海峡(English channel)与东面的(east)的北海(North sea)将英国与欧洲其他部分隔开。

4 爱尔兰的官方语言(official language)是Irish,第二语言是English5 Scotland 位于北部(northernmost part)6 主要作物是大麦(wheat)和小麦(barley)7 最佳农业区是英格兰的东南部(northeast)8 70%的劳动力集中在服务业(service)9 农民仅占人口2%,管理70%的土地。

10 运输业,家庭取暖系统(domestic heating system),食品供应(food supply)很大程度上依赖于石油(oil )11 在19世纪造船业(shipbuilding)中世界领先12 England 的人口最多第二节地理1 本尼维斯山(Ben Nevis)是英国最高的山(highest mountain)2 斯克菲尔峰(Scafell)是英格兰最高峰(highest peak)3 塞文河(Severn River)是英国最长的河(longest river)4 泰晤士河(Thames River)是英国第二大河和最重要的河流(second and most important river)5 内伊湖(Lough Neagh)是英国最大的湖(largest lake),位于北爱尔兰6 英吉利海峡(The English Channel)是分隔England和France的狭窄海道,连接大西洋(Atlantic ocean)与北海(North Sea)7 英国是海洋性气候(the maritime type),由于受墨西哥湾流(the Gulf Stream)的影响,比同纬度其他地方温度高(warmer),温和适中,冬天温和,夏天凉爽,天气多变(changeable),有时会在一天经历四季变化。

英语专业八级人文知识

英语专业八级人文知识

第一章美国概况1.概述American Anthem (国歌):The star-spangled banner星光灿烂的旗帜American Flag(国旗): 星条旗美国地理著名山脉河流The Appalachian Mountains (阿巴拉契亚山脉)The Great Centeral plain(中部大平原):落基山和阿巴拉契亚山脉之间的平原。

The Rocky Mountains(洛基山脉):“the backbone of the continent”, 6,187 meter high, in the middle of the Alaska.其被称为北美大陆的脊梁,大陆分水岭。

The Cordillera Range (西部科迪勒拉山区):洛基山脉等。

The Mississippi River (密西西比河):美国最长、最重要的河流。

世界上第三长的大陆河流(第一长:非洲尼罗河;第二长:南美洲的亚马逊河。

)Missouri river是其最长的分支。

其被称作:“Father of Waters”“Old Man River)五大湖:从西到东:都位于美国东北部。

其是世界上最大的淡水湖群,有“美洲大陆地中海”之称。

Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖,为世界最大淡水湖),Lake Michigan(密执安胡,五大湖中唯一完全位于美国境内),Lake Huron(休伦湖),Lake Erie (伊利湖),Lake Ontario(安大略湖)The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布):在伊利湖和安大略湖之间。

Yellowstone National Park(黄石国家公园)Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)位于纽约湾美国主要行政区和它们的首府和主要城市:地区概述:“美国”的表达有五种:The United States of American/ American /The states/the U.S.A./Uncle Sam美国全国分为50个州和一个特区(哥伦比亚特区,即首都华盛顿所在地)本土有48个州,另外的两个海外州是:阿拉斯加(首府:Juneau朱诺)和夏威夷(Hawaii,主产:甘蔗和菠萝,最重要产业:旅游业,首府:Honolulu火奴鲁鲁。

专八人文常识辅导材料(英美概况)

专八人文常识辅导材料(英美概况)

I. Review1. The largest city in Canada is ______.A. VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa2. _________ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York3. The capital of New Zealand is___________.A. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton4. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.5. The President during the American Civil War was_________.A. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington6. The Declaration of Independence was written by _________.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison7. U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) _________term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year8. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in ______.A. the Federal GovernmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Congress9. The Prime Minister in Britain is head of__________.A. the Shadow CabinetB. the ParliamentC. the OppositionD. the Cabinet10. The Head of State of Canada is represented by_________.A. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general11. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is ______.A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister12. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?A. The aboriginesB. The MaorisC. The IndiansD. The Eskimos13. The original inhabitants of Australia were________.A. the Red IndiansB. the EskimosC. the AboriginesD. the Maoris14. The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT________.A. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the JutesD. the Saxons15. ________ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic ChurchB. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England16. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. BaseballB. TennisC. BasketballD. American footballII. HintsKey cities, their location and position (refer to the maps)Key figures relating to key historical events (esp. Presidents in the American history)Political systemsNatives and populationMulti-facets of culture such as religions and sports纵向理清线索The History of UK:Early settlers--Roman invasions--Anglo-Saxons--the Viking and Danish Invasions--the Norman Conquest--William’s Rule--the Great Charter--the Hundred Year’s War--the English Reformation--the English Renaissance--the Civil War--the Glorious Revolution--the Industrial Revolution--in the two World WarsThe History of the U.S.:The War of Independence--the War of 1812--territorial expansion and Westward Movement--the Civil War--in the two World Wars--the Cold War--the Berlin Blockade--the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s--the Vietnam WarIII. Samples1. The capital of Northern Ireland is_________.A. EdinburghB. CardiffC. DublinD. Belfast2. The largest city in Australia is_________.A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. CanberraD. Perth3. The “Motor City” is in the state of ________ in the U.S.A. MichiganB. MississippiC. MassachusettsD. Washington4. In New Zealand, the two large islands (North Island and South Island) are separated by the fairly narrow _________.A. Bering StraitB. the Strait of DoverC. Cook StraitD. South Strait5. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _________.A. Northern Ireland and Southern IrelandB. Southern Ireland the Republic of IrelandC. The Republic of Ireland and Northern IrelandD. Northern Ireland and Britain6. British recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion7. In the U.S., a President can be elected to office only ________.A. onceB. twiceC. three timesD. four times8. Among the most typical English sports, having been in existence since the 16th century, it is _______.A. cricketB. rugbyC. boxingD. football9. Which degree is offered in community colleges in the United States?A. Master’s degreeB. Doctor’s degreeC. Bachelor’s degreeD. Associate degree10. The main theme of Thanksgiving has always been _____.A. friendship and happinessB. peace and plentyC. cooperation and rich rewardD. love and happiness11. _______are associated with Halloween.A. Ghost costumes and witches’ hatsB. Pumpkin-LanternsC. Trick or treatD. All of the above12. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four。

专八人文知识精华

专八人文知识精华

英国社会与文化概况:I.Land and People1.国名:U.K(the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland )2.英联邦:the British Commonwealth /1931/533.位于North Atlantic Ocean/ the English Channel/ the North Seathe Straits of Dover/ 33km/ France4.最高峰:Ben Nevis/1343m/Scotland; 最长河:the Severn River/338km 最大湖:the LoughNeagh(Ireland);Lough Ness(尼斯湖/ Scotland)5.the Lake District / England/ three famous poets: William Wordsworth, Taylor Coleridge andRobert Southey6.苏格兰(Edinburgh)地形:北部高地,中部低地,南部山地/ 威尔士(Cardiff)地形:mountainous ,12% arable.7.英国气候:maritime climate8.人种来源:Anglo-Saxons and CeltsII.History1.3000BC.:Iberians / 700BC:the Celts/ 55BC: Julius Caesar, the Romans/ mid 5th century:Anglo-Saxons and Jutes2.the first king of England: 829 Egbert3.the Witan(贤人会议)—the basis of Privy Council(枢密院)4.king Alfred:Father of the British Navy / defeated the Danes/ a legal system5.the Norman Conquer of 1066: William the Conqueror/ King Haroldresult: the feudal system in England was established.6.《大宪章》/ the Great Charter/ Magna/ King John 12157.百年战争:1337-1453/ between France and England/ Calais of France/ Joan of Arc of France8.黑死病: the Black Death/ the 14th century9.玫瑰战争: 1455-1485 ( Sir Walter Scott)10.Elizabeth I(1558-1603) / 1588 defeated Armada/ England became a naval power11.文艺复兴: Renaissance/ rebirth/ the 14th century in Europe/ Leonardo Da Vinci/ WilliamShakespeare12.火药阴谋案the Gunpowder Plot of 1605:最有名的天主教密谋13.英国内战the First Civil War (the Puritan Revolution)/ between Charles I and Parliament/Cavaliers and RoundheadsResult: overthrew the feudal system in England and started the modern world history.14.1649—1658 Commonwealth/ Oliver Cromwell15.1702 Anne’s reign/ the name of Great Britain came into being16.18th-19th century: the Whigs and the Tories(Conservative Party) controlled the parliament.17.The Industrial Revolution: the late 18th—early 19th century/ workshop of the world by 183018.Colonial expansion began from Newfoundland in 1583/ 1763 Canada by the Treaty of Paris19.Canada as a dominion / the British North America Act of 186720.1900 a big Empire that the sun never sets/ 25% of the world’s population and area21.1973: 欧共体成员22.1979/ the Conservative Party/ Thatcherism / self-reliance and privatisationIII.Economy1.1950s-1960s: John Keynes2.the Midlands : 钢铁中心;Silicon Valley: between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland3.3% 人口:70% land area 耕地:东部和东南部IV.Government and Administration1.法律:没有成文法:no written constitution, is made up of statute law, common law andconventions. 法律来源:statute law, common law, equity law and European law.2.议会包括:the Sovereign, the House of Lords, the House of Commons. 五年一届3.两党制:the Conservative Party and the Labor Party 反对党:Opposition, shadow cabinet4.首相:由君主任命;首席财政和文职大臣;下议员议员;唐宁街10号,主持内阁事务。

英语专八考试人文知识

英语专八考试人文知识

英语专业八级人文知识(1)美国概况1.The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is The Mississippi River.(密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线)2.The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. ( 最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原)3.The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is Non-hispanics white. ( 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体)4.Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is African Americans. ( 2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。

2000年以后,拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数,成为美国第一大少数民族群体)5.America has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. (美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党)6.The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by World War II. (第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境)7.In the United States, primary education requires Six years. (美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间)8.Most college students in the United States are in Public institutions. (大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读)9.The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court. (美国的联邦法院系统包括)10.Louisiana (which state )is not governed by the common law. (路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束)英语专业八级人文知识(2)美国概况1.Of the fifty states of America, 38states now have the death penalty as punishment.(美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑)2.The four major regions of the United Sates are Northeast, South, Midwest and West. (美国的主要四大部分不包括北部)3.The New England Region region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit. (美国的新英格兰地区,也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响)4.California is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. (加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州,拥有人口也最多)5.“Hollywood” is often used as a synonym for American films .(好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地)6.The most important and largest river in the United States of America is the Mississippi River.(美国最长的河流是密西西比河,也是美国最重要的一条河流。

英语专业八级人文知识

英语专业八级人文知识
A the most populous country in the world B the second most populous country in the world C the third most populous county in the world D the fourth most populous country in the world
顺序是:Celts--Roman--Anglo Saxon
答案: BBBAD DACAC
Vowel Glide 又称元音过渡,指的是双元音组成的,前一个音为纯元音,后一个音为短促的滑音。 New York City
With a metropolitan population of around 16 million, New York, called the “Big Apple”, is the largest city in the United States, and the financial, manufacturing and transportation center.
7____is the first American professional writer and the first writer of detective story in the world.
A Ezra Pound B Washington Irving C Nathaniel Hawthorne D Edgar Ellen Poe
A novels B poems C short stories D dramas
6.The island of Lilliput can be found in ___
A Robinson Grusoe B Gulliver's Travels C Adventures of Tome Sawyer D Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

英语专业八级 人文知识

英语专业八级 人文知识

专八考试人文知识考试内容的总结涉及到三个方面的内容:英美文学,英语语言学和英语国家概况。

其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。

英国文学主要分为六个时期:1. Old and Medieval English Literature(中古英国文学)。

2. The Renaissance Period(文艺复兴时期)。

3. The Neoclassical Period(新古典主义时期)。

4. The Romantic Period(维多利亚时期)。

5. The Victorian Period(维多利亚时期)。

6. The Modern Period(现代时期)。

美国文学主要分为四个时期:1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence(独立革命前后的文学)。

2. American Romanticism(美国浪漫主义文学)。

3. American Realism(美国现实主义文学)。

4. American Modernism(美国现代主义文学)。

语言学,考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学,音位学,形态学,句法学,语义学和语言学的知识。

关于英语国家概况,英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程,但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况,不光包括英国和美国,还有其他一些说英语的地区,包括爱尔兰概况,加拿大概况,澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。

了解了专业八级考试人文知识的内容以后,下一步我们要做的就是好好学习,抓紧时间去掌握这些必需的知识了。

祝愿大家都能适应新的考试题型,都能考出理想的成绩。

1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学;在语言或一门语言中,对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学,音系学3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法,研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学,以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym :首字母组合词,首字母缩略词,比如,NA TO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼,但VOA是Initialism。

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Introduction to English-speaking Countries第一章英国●Full NameThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,简称“UK(联合王国)”。

●Geography位于欧洲大陆西北部的Great Britain Island(大不列颠岛)上,东濒North Sea(北海),西临Atlantic(大西洋),南与European Continent(欧洲大陆)以English Channel(英吉利海峡)、Denver Channel(多佛海峡)相隔。

由Great Britain(包括England、Scotland、Wales和Ireland东北部)和附近大约5500多个小岛组成。

陆界与Republic of Ireland(爱尔兰共和国)接壤。

国土总面积共24.18万平方公里,海岸线总长1.15万公里。

Ⅰ、Scotland(苏格兰地区)Glasgow(格拉斯哥)——第一大城市(英国全境第三大城市),为苏格兰地区工业重镇,著名的Clyde(克莱德河)即流经此地。

市里有University of Glasgow(格拉斯哥大学)、St Monger(圣蒙戈)大教堂和Hampton Court Park (汉普登公园)。

Edinburgh(爱丁堡)——第二大城市,为苏格兰自治政府所在地,历史悠久,素有“Northern Athens(北方雅典)”之美誉。

城区以Princes Street(王子大街)为界,一边是New Town,一边是Old Town。

著名古迹有:Edinburgh Castle(爱丁堡城堡)、St Giles′Cathedral(圣吉尔教堂)、National Gallery of Scotland(苏格兰国立美术馆)、Scott Monument(司各特纪念碑)、Palace of Holyroodhouse(圣十字架宫)等。

著名学府有Edinburgh University(爱丁堡大学)和Heriot-Watt University(海里奥特-瓦特大学)等。

著名节日有Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Drama(爱丁堡国际音乐戏剧节,每年8月最后两周和9月第一周举行)、Film Festival(电影节)、Jazz and Blues Festival(爵士与蓝调音乐节)和Book Festival (图书节)等。

Nevis(尼维斯山)——英国最高山,海拔1343米。

Hadrian’s Wall(哈德良城墙)——位于苏格兰南部,公元2世纪初由Ancient Roman Emperor Hadrian为防御北方Celt(克尔特人)各部落的入侵而建,该土墙从东部的Tyne(泰恩河)到西部的Soleway Firth(索尔维海湾)横跨73英里,为苏格兰和南部的英格兰地区分界。

Lake District(湖泊区)——位于英格兰西北海岸,靠近苏格兰,边界方圆2300平方公里。

湖区拥有英格兰最高峰Scafell Pike(斯科菲峰)和英格兰最大的湖Lake Windermere(温德米尔湖)。

Cadbury(坎伯里山脉)横贯湖区,把湖区分为南、北、西三区,湖区北部最大的城镇是Keswick(凯斯维克)。

Ⅱ、England(英格兰地区)英国四个行政区中最大的一个,位于大不列颠岛东南部,地是比较平坦,Pennies(奔宁山脉)纵贯其间,是英格兰的“Chine(脊骨)”。

London(伦敦)——英国首都,欧洲的经济文化中心,位于英格兰东南部平原上,横跨The Thames River(泰晤士河),距离The Thames River入海口88公里。

伦敦是全国政治中心。

Palace of Westminster(威斯敏斯特宫)是The British Parliament(英国议会)的House of Lords and House of Commons(上、下两院)的活动场所,故又称为“Parliament Assembly(议会大厅)”。

Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特大教堂)内有20多个英国国王、著名政治家、军事家以及Newton(牛顿)、Darwin(达尔文)、Dickens(狄更斯)、Hardy(哈代)等科学家、文学家和艺术家的墓地。

Buckingham Palace(白金汉宫)为英国王宫,是王室成员生活和重大国事活动的场所。

Downing Street White Hall(白厅)为英国政府机关所在地,其核心No 10. Downing Street(唐宁街10号)是英国历代首相官邸。

伦敦也是世界文化名城。

建于18世纪的British Museum(大英博物馆)是世界上最大的博物馆,另外还有The National Gallery(国家画廊),以及London University(伦敦大学)、Royal Music College(皇家音乐学院)和Empire College of Science and Technology(帝国理工学院)等著名高校。

文物古迹和旅游景区有Tower of London(伦敦塔)、Palace of Westminster(威斯敏斯特宫)、Tower of Victoria(维多利亚塔)、Big Ben(大本钟)、Hyde Park(海德公园)、Greenwich Astronomical Observatory(格林威治天文台)、Royal Botanic Garden(皇家植物园)、Trafalger Square(特拉法加广场)、Regency Street(摄政街)等。

伦敦还是许多国际组织总部所在地,如IMO Inner London(国际海事组织)、ICA(国际合作社联盟)、International Alliance of Women(国际妇女同盟)、Amnesty International(大赦国际)等。

英国报业的集中地在伦敦城的Fleet Steet(舰队街),著名的报刊有The Times(《泰晤士报》)、Financial Times (《金融时报》)、The Daily Telegraph(《每日电讯》)、The Guardian(卫报)等。

BBC(The British Broadcasting Corporation,英国广播公司)和Reuters(路透社)也设于此。

Portsmouth(朴次茅斯)——英国南部中断沿海比较重要的商港和最老的海军基地之一,建于12世纪。

Birmingham(伯明翰)——英国仅次于伦敦的第二大城市,工业发达,是举世闻名的“Workshop of World(世界车间)”。

Manchester(曼彻斯特)——英国中部地区工商业、金融及文化中心,也是英国工业革命的发源地,这里有欧洲最大的Slums(贫民窟)。

Liverpool(利物浦)——位于英格兰西海岸Mercy(摩西)河口,为英国大工业中心和第二大商港,历史悠久。

Ⅲ、Wales(威尔士地区)该地区有着浓厚的乡土气息和美丽的田园风光,是英国主要农牧区,主要发展养羊业、乳牛和园艺业。

境内的Snowdon(斯诺登山)是英国第二高峰。

Cardiff(加的夫)——Wales的首府和政治、商业中心,位于Bristol Channel(布里斯托海峡),号称英国第七大城市。

其公园世界闻名,有1200多座。

Ⅳ、Northern Ireland(北爱尔兰地区)Belfast(贝尔法斯特)——Northern Ireland首府,英国西部港口城市。

●Climat海洋性温带阔叶林气候,特点是湿润、温和,季节性温度变化小,多雨。

4~9月为春夏季,晴朗温暖;10~翌年3月为秋冬季,潮湿寒冷。

●EducationUniversity of Oxford(哈佛大学)、University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)、University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学)等。

●Festivals1月New Year:1日,元旦Burns Night:25日,彭斯之夜,苏格兰庆祝国家诗人Robert Burns之庆典2月Corsairs’Day:中旬,海盗船节,有烧船仪式等3月St Patrick’Day:17日,圣帕特里克节,爱尔兰社区纪念其守护神。

Shrove Tuesday:忏悔星期二,煎煎饼和在Dorset(多塞特)举行街头足球赛4月Maundy Day:复活节前两周,濯足节,女王选定场所分发救济金给老年人。

Easter Day:星期一,复活节5月Ascension Day:复活节后40天,耶稣升天节,一些地区以花图画装饰水井6月Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales:第一周,威尔士皇家全国诗歌音乐比赛会10月Halloween:31日,万圣节,小孩子装扮成妖魔鬼怪,提南瓜灯,去邻居家要零食等12月Christmas Eve:圣诞前夕Christmas Day:25日,圣诞节Boxing Day:26日,按传统习俗,在这一天向仆人赠送礼品。

第二章美国●Full NameThe United State of America(美利坚合众国),简称U.S.A,首都Washington(华盛顿),国土面积937.614万平方公里,是仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中国的世界第四大国家。

●Geography位于North America南部,北临加拿大,东南连Gulf of Mexico(墨西哥湾)和Mexico(墨西哥),东临The Atlantic Ocean(大西洋),西濒The Pacific Ocean(太平洋),由本土48个州,1个Direct Jurisdiction Area(直辖特区)——首都Washington Direct of Columbia(华盛顿市哥伦比亚特区)和2个远离本土的Outlying Territories (飞地)——Alaska(阿拉斯加州)和Hawaii(夏威夷州)组成,此外美国还拥有Guam(关岛)、Eastern Samoa (东萨摩亚群岛)、Puerto Rico(波多黎各岛)和US-Virgin(美属维尔京群岛)等海外领地。

海岸线长22680公里。

主要山脉:Apalachian Mountains(阿巴拉契亚山脉)、The Rockies(落基山)、Nevada Mountains(内华达山脉)等。

主要河流:Mississippi(密西西比)、Hudson River(哈得孙河)、Colorado River(科罗拉多河)、Columbia River(哥伦比亚河)主要湖泊:五大湖区,由大到小依次为Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖)、Lake Huron(休伦湖)、Lake Michigan(密歇根湖)、Lake Erie(伊利湖)、Lake Ontario(安大略湖)。

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