Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Mangement

Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Mangement
Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Mangement

第一章先进制造技术的基本概念

1.制造技术的五个发展时期:工场式生产时期;工业化规模生产时期;刚性自动化发展时期;柔性自动化发展时期;综合自动化发展时期。

2.先进制造技术定义:以人为主体,以计算机为重要工具,不断吸收机械,电子,信息,材料,环保,生物以及现代系统管理等最新科技成果,涵盖产品生产的整个生命周期的各个环节的先进工程技术的总称。

第二章现代工程设计技术

1.设计:是将来自市场的顾客需求,经过设计人员的创造性思维,规划和决策等过程,最终形成可应用于制造的各种信息。

2.CAD/CAM中常用的几何模型:线框模型,表面模型和实体模型。

3.常用的几何模型造型方法:扫描变换法;结构几何体素构造法;边界表示法。

4.CAM:计算机辅助制造(Computer Aided Manufacturing)是一项利用计算机帮助人们完成有关产品制造工作的技术。

5.CAPP-计算机辅助工艺过程设计

CAPP的类型:检索式CAPP系统;派生式CAPP系统;创成式CAPP系统

6.CAD/CAM系统集成的关键技术:产品造型技术;工程数据管理技术;数据交换接口技术;集成的执行控制程序。

7.面向X的设计(DFX)--面向制造的设计(DFM);面向装配的设计(DFA)

8.并行工程:对产品及相关过程进行并行,一体化设计的系统化方法。

9.并行设计团队:1)制造,质量,营销人员;2)顾客和供应商;3)环保人员。

10.反求工程技术:是消化吸收并改进国内外先进技术的一系列工作方法和技术的总和。可分为应用,消化和创新三个阶段。

研究对象:实物类,软件类,影像类

研究方法:软件反求设计法;影像反求设计法;实物反求设计法。

第三章先进制造工艺

1.先进制造工艺成形方法:1)去除成形;2)受迫成形;3)堆积成形;4)生成成形。

2.激光加工设备包括—激光器,电源,光学系统和机械系统。

3.电子束加工装置由电子枪,真空系统,控制系统和电源等。

4.离子束加工主要用于离子刻蚀,离子镀膜和离子注入等。

离子刻蚀是用能量0.5—5keV的氩离子轰击工件,将工件表面的原子逐个剥离。实质是一种原子尺度的切削加工,又称离子铣削。

离子溅射沉积是用能量为0.5—5keV的氩离子轰击某种材料制成的靶,离子将靶材原子击出后沉积在靶材附近的工件上,使工件表面镀上一层膜,是一种镀膜工艺。

离子镀也称离子溅射辅助沉积,它是用0.5—5keV的氩离子,在镀膜同时轰击靶材和工件表面。

离子注入是用5—500keV能量的离子束直接轰击工件,向工件表面直接注入离子,不受热力学的限制,可以注入任何离子,且注入量可以精确控制,注入的离子是固溶在工件材料中,含量可达10%--40%,注入深度可达1um甚至更深。

5.超精密加工:是指加工精度和表面质量达到极高程度的精密加工工艺。

超精密加工设计的技术领域:1)加工技术;2)材料技术;3)加工设备及其基础部件;4)测量及误差补偿技术;5)工作环境。

6.微型机械(Micromachine)或称微型机电系统(MEMS)或称微型系统是指可以批量制作的,集微型机构,微型传感器,微型执行器,以及信号处理和控制电路,甚至外围接口,通信电路和电源等于一体的微

型器材或系统。

微型机械加工关键技术主要有四类:1)微型系统设计技术;2)微细加工技术;3)微型机械组装和封装技术;4)微系统的表征和测试技术。

7.快速原型、零件制造技术是由CAD模型直接驱动的快速制造任意复杂形状三维实体的技术总称。快速原型技术采用离散/堆积成型的原理。

分析题见课本74,75页

第四章制造自动化技术

1.制造自动化的内涵包括:1)物料转化加工设备自动化;2)物料运输自动化;3)检测自动化;4)制造系统自动化。

2.制造自动化技术的关键技术:1)CAD/CAM技术;2)数控技术;3)柔性制造系统;4)工业机器人技术;5)物料储运技术。

3.数控技术(NC)是用数字化信息进行控制的自动控制技术。

数控系统的分类:按装置类型不同分为硬件式NC系统和软件式CNC系统;

根据数控系统用途不同分为金属切削类数控系统,金属成形类数控系统和数控特种加工系统。

根据数控系统运动方式不同,分为点位控制系统,点位直线控制系统和轮廓控制系统。

根据控制方式不同分为开环控制系统,半闭环控制系统和闭环控制系统。

4.机器人是一个在三维空间中具有较多自由度的,并能实现诸多拟人动作的机器。工业机器人则是在工业生产上应用的机器人,它是一种可重编程的多自由度自动控制操作机。

特点:1)可编程;2)拟人化;3)通用性;4)机电一体化。

分析题见课本95,96,97页

工业机器人的编程方法:示教再现编程,机器人语言编程和离线编程。

5.柔性制造系统(FMS):由数控加工设备,物料运储装置和计算机控制系统等组成的自动化制造系统。

分类:1)柔性制造单元(FMC);2)柔性制造系统(FMS);3)柔性制造线(FML);4)柔性制造工厂(FMF)。典型的柔性制造系统由3个子系统,加工系统,物流系统,控制与管理系统。

分析见课本113页

第五章先进制造模式概述

1.先进制造模式:围绕企业的价值增加链,依据不同的环境通过有效的组织各种要素形成的,可以在特定环境中达到良好效果的先进的生产,制造和管理方法的集成体。

特征:1.先进制造模式的对象是生产系统

2.先进制造模式的存在和发挥作用有必要的条件

3.先进制造模式的核心是其中所蕴含的哲理

4.先进制造模式的关键是制造战略,制造组织和制造技术的协同

第六章先进制造系统的建模方法

1.模型:是人们为了研究和解决客观世界中存在的种种问题而对客观现实经过抽象思维之后,用文字,图像,符号,关系以及实体模样描述所认识的客观对象的一种简化表示。

模型的三种基本表述形式:形象模型,模拟模型,数学模型。

2.建模的基本方法:1)“演绎—归纳”建模法;2)“分解—联合”建模法;3)“人机结合”法。IDEFO的基本组成部分说明见课本138页

3.实体:是客观世界中具有相同属性和特征的现实或抽象事物的集合。

独立实体:一个实体的每个实例都能被唯一的标识而不依赖于它与其他实体的联系。

从属实体:实体的一个实例的唯一标识依赖于实体与其他实体的联系。

属性:是用来描述实体的某种性质和特征的,实体的每个属性都必须具有一个单一且确定的值。

实体的关键字:在实体的属性中,用来唯一的标识实体的每个实例的一个属性或多个属性的组合。如果两个实体之间存在连接联系或分类联系,那么构成父实体或一般实体主关键字的属性将被继承为子实体或分类实体的属性,这些继承属性被称为“外来关键字”。

第七章计算机集成制造

1.CIM定义:将信息技术,现代管理技术和制造技术相结合,并应用于企业全生命周期个各个阶段,通过信息集成,过程优化和资源优化,实现物质流,信息流和价值流的集成和优化运行,达到人,经营与技术三要素的集成,以改进企业新产品开发的时间(T),质量(Q),成本(C),服务(S),环境(E),从而提高企业的市场应变能力和竞争能力。

CIMS的功能结构:1)经营管理与决策分系统

2)设计自动化分系统

3)制造自动化分系统

4)质量保证分系统

5)支撑分系统,由数据库子系统和计算机通信网络子系统组成

第八章敏捷制造

1.敏捷制造的基本思想是通过把灵活的虚拟组织机构或动态联盟,先进的柔性生产技术和高素质的人员进行全面信息集成,从而使企业能够从容应付快速变化和不可预测的市场需求,获得长期经济利益。

2.从敏捷系统具有的基本特征来看,敏捷企业应该有一个RRS组织战略,即可重构性(Reconfigurability),可重用性(Reusability)和规模可调性(Scalability)。

3.敏捷性的度量1)速度;2)成本);3)鲁棒性;4)自适应的能力。

4.敏捷制造的管理方式---以团队为核心的扁平化网络结构方式。

5.敏捷制造的工作方式---并行工程和协同工作。

6.虚拟企业:是应敏捷制造的要求,为实现市场机会,而将拥有实现该机会所需资源的若干企业的相应资源集成起来所组成的一个网络化分布式动态组织。

第九章绿色制造

1.定义:在保证产品的功能,质量,成本的前提下,综合考虑环境影响和资源效率的现代制造模式。

2.绿色制造实施的主要内容:绿色设计,绿色材料,绿色工艺,绿色包装,绿色处理。

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Life was better when technology was simpler. To what extend do you agree or disagree? 9’考官范文 Modern technology has revolutionized life in three main fields: work, transport and communication. Although modern technology is often blamed for stress and alienation, I doubt that many people would want to turn back the clock to the pre-technological age. Despite the fact that life was simpler in former times, I would prefer not to return to that lifestyle, because that simplicity was due to a lack of choice. Before large jet airliners came in in the 1960s, for example, air travel was beyond the reach of most people. Before electronic cash registers, people had to spend a lot of time on math calculations to carry out transactions. Furthermore, our knowledge of the world around us, especially foreign countries, was sketchy before television brought us the vivid images of documentaries. Modern technology has brought liberation from the exhausting and boring labour and has set us free to enjoy more interesting work and leisure. It is not even always true that modern technology is more complex to use than it was to perform household chores. Caring for a horse was a far more complicated and time-consuming matter than starting up a car and taking it to the petrol station. One has only to read novels from past times to realize the anxiety and frustration that resulted from transport systems limited to the speed of a horse. The examples I have given are just a few of the many that can illustrate the case that modern technology makes life more convenient. Probably what makes some people yearn for the good old simple days is that the speed of modern technology forces us to speed up our pace of life. But sometimes this change can be resisted, when we set simple priorities and stick to them.

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文都国际教育官方网站:https://www.360docs.net/doc/0116408856.html,/ 雅思写作范文:传统与科技 随着出国留学人数的增多,雅思成为众多学子出国留学考试中的选择。本文文都国际教育小编为了帮助大家更好的备考雅思写作,为大家介绍雅思写作范文:传统与科技,跟随小编一起看看吧! Some people believe that technological developments lead to the loss of traditional cultures. I partly agree with this assertion; while it may be true in the case of some societies, others seem to be unaffected by technology and the modern world. On the one hand, the advances in technology that have driven industrialisation in developed countries have certainly contributed to the disappearance of traditional ways of life. For example, in pre-industrial Britain, generations of families grew up in the same small village communities. These communities had a strong sense of identity, due to their shared customs and beliefs. However, developments in transport, communications and manufacturing led to the dispersal of families and village communities as people moved to the cities in search of work. Nowadays most British villages are inhabited by commuters, many of whom do not know their closest neighbours. On the other hand, in some parts of the world traditional cultures still thrive. There are tribes in the Amazon Rainforest, for example, that have been completely untouched by the technological developments of the developed world. These tribal communities continue to hunt and gather food from the forest, and traditional skills are passed on to children by parents and elders. Other traditional cultures, such as farming communities in parts of Africa, are embracing communications technologies. Mobile phones give farmers access to information, from weather predictions to market prices, which helps them to prosper and therefore supports their culture. In conclusion, many traditional ways of life have been lost as a result of advances in technology, but other traditional communities have survived and even flourished. 以上就是小编与大家分享的雅思写作范文:传统与科技的全部内容,希望对参加雅思考试的考生有所帮助。最后,预祝大家能在雅思考试中取得理想中的成绩,顺利赴海外求学深造。 文章来源于文都国际教育:https://www.360docs.net/doc/0116408856.html,/kaopei/ielts/yszl/78.shtml 文都国际教育官方网站:https://www.360docs.net/doc/0116408856.html,/

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