高中英语不定式

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高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词

高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词

高中英语知识点归纳动词的不定式与动名词动词的不定式与动名词是英语中重要的语法知识点,具有广泛的用途。

在高中英语学习中,学生需要熟练掌握不定式和动名词的形式、用法以及常见的搭配。

本文将对动词的不定式与动名词的相关知识进行归纳总结,并给出一些常见的例句和实际运用场景。

一、动词的不定式不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,通常由“to + 动词原形”构成。

不定式在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。

1. 不定式作主语不定式作主语时,常常位于句首,用来指代具体的行为、想法或概念。

例句:- To learn a foreign language is not easy.(学习一门外语并不容易。

)- To avoid traffic jam, we decided to take the subway.(为了避免交通堵塞,我们决定乘地铁。

)2. 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语时,常常跟在某些动词(如want, hope, plan, decide等)后面,表示将要发生的动作。

例句:- She wants to be a doctor in the future.(她将来想成为一名医生。

)- We have decided to visit the Great Wall next week.(我们决定下周去参观长城。

)3. 不定式作表语不定式作表语时,常常跟在be动词(如is, am, are, was, were等)后面,表示主语的身份、职业或角色。

例句:- His dream is to become a famous writer.(他的梦想是成为一名著名的作家。

)- Their job is to teach English to international students.(他们的工作是教国际学生英语。

)4. 不定式作定语不定式作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,用来修饰它们。

例句:- I have a book to read this weekend.(这个周末我有一本书要读。

高中英语动词不定式(共26张PPT)

高中英语动词不定式(共26张PPT)
C. the holder to use D. the holder uses
Because of the recent accident, our parents forbid my brother and me from swimming in the river unless someone agrees to watch over us.
Her husband can do everything except cook.
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 注意:如果but 或except 之前有实义动词do 的限定性
是或非限定形式,其宾语为不带to的不定式,否则为 带to的不定式。 Lots of empty bottles were found under the old man’s bed. He must have done nothing but ____ (drink) I thought you had planned to pradcrtiincekpiano today. “I did nothing but___ letters all day.”
careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly, stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的 sb.可作其逻辑主语。
It is better to die on one’s feet than ____
A. to write B. write C. writing D. wrote
5、不定式(短语)做宾语补足语
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补 足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, expect, encourage, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.,observe, intend, press, remind warn, lead, command 等, 如:

高中英语动词不定式

高中英语动词不定式

动词不定式不定式知识点综述不定式知识点综述1.不定式的基本形式 1. 不定式词作主语句型 1. 省略 to 的不定式作宾to do, to be done 2. 识记用不定式作宾语语补足语动词“五看to be doing; to have done, 的动词三使两听一感”to have been done 3. 跟动名词作宾语差别 2. 不定式作目的、结果2. 否认式组成状语2、不定式重难点解说重难点 1:动词不定式的时态语态动词不定式 (infinitive) 两种形式:一种是“to + 动词原形”组成( to- infinitive );另一种是不带 to 的不定式 ,即动词原形 (bare- infinitive) 。

动词不定式有一般式、进行式、达成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式,一般式和达成式有被动语态变化形式。

主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing达成式to have done to have been done达成进行式to have been writinga. 不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依照的:(1)一般式表示的动作或状态往常发生在谓语动词以后或同时发生。

例:They made plans to live in Paris.他们计划住在巴黎。

(to live发生在made plans以后)( 2)进行式表示其动作正在进行,与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。

例: He pretended to be listening to me carefully.他假装仔细地听我讲。

(3)不定式的达成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作以前。

例: I am sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起,让你久等了。

(to have kept 发生在 I am sorry 所表示的时间以前)(4)不定式的达成进行式表示动作在谓语动词以前发生,并且向来进行着。

高中英语动词不定式的基本用法

高中英语动词不定式的基本用法

高中英语动词不定式的基本用法1. 什么是动词不定式?动词不定式是动词的一种形式,在句中充当名词、形容词或副词。

它通常由“to”加上动词原形构成。

例如:to eat、to sleep、to study。

2. 动词不定式作名词动词不定式作名词时,可以做主语、宾语、表语或宾补。

- 作主语:To travel is my dream.- 作宾语:I want to learn English.- 作宾补:She asked me to help her.3. 动词不定式作形容词动词不定式作形容词时,通常修饰名词或代词。

- 修饰名词:I have a book to read.- 修饰代词:There is nothing to worry about.4. 动词不定式作副词动词不定式作副词时,通常修饰动词、形容词或副词。

- 修饰动词:She went to the park to play.- 修饰形容词:He is too tired to continue.- 修饰副词:She runs fast to catch the bus.5. 动词不定式与其他句型的搭配动词不定式与其他句型可以有不同的搭配方式。

- 动词不定式与情态动词搭配:I can't wait to see you.- 动词不定式与感官动词搭配:I heard him sing.- 动词不定式与使役动词搭配:She made me clean the room.6. 动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式是在“to”前加“not”,构成“not to + 动词原形”。

- I decided not to go to the party.7. 动词不定式的完成式动词不定式的完成式是在“to”前加“have”,再加动词的过去分词形式。

- I'm glad to have met you.以上就是关于高中英语动词不定式的基本用法的完整版,希望能对您有所帮助。

【高中英语语法】不定式

【高中英语语法】不定式

【高中英语语法】不定式在高中英语语法中,不定式是一个非常重要的知识点。

不定式的形式为“to +动词原形”,它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中能够充当多种成分。

不定式作主语不定式作主语时,通常表示具体的、一次性的动作。

例如:“To learn a foreign language well is not easy”(学好一门外语不容易。

)在这个句子中,“To learn a foreign language well”就是整个句子的主语。

为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语不定式后置。

比如:“It is not easy to learn a foreign language well”不定式作宾语不定式可以作某些动词的宾语,常见的这类动词有:want, hope, wish, decide, expect 等。

比如:“I want to go home now”(我现在想回家。

)“He decided to study harder”(他决定更努力学习。

)此外,有些动词后接宾语时,需要用“疑问词+不定式”的结构。

例如:“I don't know what to do next”(我不知道接下来做什么。

)不定式作定语不定式作定语时,通常置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。

它与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。

比如:“I have a lot of work to do”(我有很多工作要做。

)这里的“work”是“do”的逻辑宾语。

如果不定式是不及物动词,其后要加上相应的介词。

例如:“He is looking for a room to live in”(他正在找一个住的房间。

)不定式作状语不定式可以作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。

作目的状语时,非常常见。

例如:“She went to the library to borrow some books”(她去图书馆借一些书。

高中英语非谓语的知识点总结

高中英语非谓语的知识点总结

高中英语非谓语的知识点总结高中英语非谓语的知识点非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。

2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

高中英语语法讲义:动词不定式考点详析与练习

高中英语语法讲义:动词不定式考点详析与练习
高中英语语法讲义:动词不定式考点详析与练习
动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,可以在句子中充当除谓语之外的任何成分。动词 不定式具有动词的性质,可以带宾语和状语,且有完成式、完成进行式、进行式、被动式 和否定形式等变化。
考点详析 一、 不定式的基本形式 由“to + 动词原形”构成;其否定形式是“not to + 动词原形”,若加强语气可用“never to + 动词原形”。 She promised never to tell a lie again. 她承诺再也不撒谎了。 二、 不定式的时态和语态 不定式一般有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表中的几种形式(下面以 do 为例): 1. 不定式的时态 (1) 不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词之后發生时,不定式用 一般式。 They planned to employ some skilled workers. 他们打算雇几个有技术的工人。 (2) 不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生,并强调动作正在进行或一直在持续, 不定式用进行式。 He pretended to be reading when I came in. 当我进来的时候,他假装在看书。 (3) 不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,不定式用完成式。 The disabled man is said to have translated several novels into French. 据说这个残 疾人已将几本小说翻译成法语。 (4) 如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻,不定式 用完成进行式,此时,强调动作的持续性,不强调结果。 She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours. 好像她已经看了 3 个小时 的小说了。 2. 不定式的语态

高中英语语法不定式

高中英语语法不定式

动词不定式考点(The Infinitive)定义:动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语。

E.g. He wants his students to read the book aloud.A.基本形式主动形式被动形式一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing 无完成进行式to have been doing 无2不定式的意义不定式的一般式(to do )一般式表示的动作或状态,发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。

当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: My wish is to become a doctorHe seemed to be tired.She stopped to have a rest.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do youhave something to be taken to your parents?不定式的进行式(to be doing)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.eg: They are said to be building another bridge across the street.They seemed to be talking about something important.When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.I’m glad to be working with you.不定式的完成式 (to have done)如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前,就用完成式;若是在此基础上的被动含义,就用完成被动式( to have been done).eg:He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He thought it a pity not to have invited us.The assistant seemed to have been fired.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties.不定式的完成进行式(to have been doing)如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作,就要用完成进行式.eg: They are said to have been collecting folk songs in Xinjiang.We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.B. 用法:由于动词不定式具有名次、形容词、和副词的特征,所以它在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

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A.动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多,如want, decide, intend, fail, wish, export, pretend, choose等等。 I mean to go there at once. B.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式 短语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, make , expect, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。 I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher. I find it interesting to work with him. C.动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语,但仅限于介词except和but (除了)。 常用句型有: There is nothing to do but+动词原形 do nothing but+动词(除做….之外别无选择) can but+动词原形 (只能原形(“只有做……) have no choice but to do ,只得) cannot help/choose but+动词原形(不能不……)
To do that sort of thing is foolish。 主语
动 词 不 定 式
I want to see you this evening.
宾语
All you have to do is to finish it quickly. 表语
We found a house to liv语+系动词+adj.+ to do a). 表感情的adj.有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(忧虑), disappointed, careful, afraid, wrong. eg: I’m very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home. b). 说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的 情况时,即与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,主 动表被动. interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, expensive, dangerous, useful. eg: The question is easy to answer. He is difficult to teach.
2). 与表示说话或心理状态的动词say, report, believe, suppose, think, understand, consider等的被动语 态连用. eg: He is said to have written a new book about workers. 3). 与表示希望,期望,意愿的动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, think, want, wish的过去时态连 用,表曾经打算设想做却没做的事. eg: They expected to have gone to the match, but the tickets were all sold. They had expected to go to the match.
She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 状语
宾补
不定式或不定式短语可起名词,形容词 和副词的作用,在句中做主语,宾语,表 语,定语,状语和宾语补足语。 一,不定式在句中的作用: 1、主语:不定式做主语时,可以直接放 在谓语动词之前。 eg: To make a new dress takes her a lot or time. Not to get there in time is your fault. 注:常用it做形式主语,将to do放在位于 之后,使句子保持平衡。
6. 做宾补(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓 关系) 1). 有些动词(短语)必须接to的不定式做宾补 talk, ask, warn, want, allow, permit, order, advise, force, beg, cause, encourage, invite, persuade, get, require, prefer, call, leave, expect, use(allow/permit/advise doing sth)
He was so careless as to forget to lock the door.
4).不定式可作评注性状语,用以修饰整个句子。 To be honest,I know nothing about it.
5. 做宾语: 不定式做宾语的情况,一般表示将来的 行为,这时谓语和不定式的动作都是主语发出的. 1). 下列动词只能加不定式做宾语. . plan, choose, manage, learn, pretend, agree, decide, refuse. promise, prepare, offer, fail, hope, wish, expect, ask;demand, want, hesitate
5). remember, forget, regret后动名词表已经做过 的动作,不定式表没有做过或将要做的动作. 6). stop, try, go on, mean, be afraid, propose 后 两者都可, 但意义不同. propose to do计划,打算做 propose doing 建议做 7). a). prefer doing to doing prefer to do rather than do b). be used to doing used to do c). it’s no use doing it’s useless to do d). be worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy to be done
2). 不定式做动词tell, teach, know, show, find out, discover, see(understand)的宾语时,不定 式前常加连接代词who, which, what和连接副词 how, when, where构成不定式短语做宾语. eg: I don't know how to get there. 注: why不能与不定式连用. 3). begin, start, continue 后接不定式,动名词意 思一样. 4). like, love, hate, prefer动名词表经常性的动 作,不定式表一次性动作.
• He is looking for a room to live in . • There is nothing to worry about. ②不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作,但修饰有序数词或形容词 • 最高级限定的名词时,则表示已完成的动作。 • I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. • She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
2) for引起的复合结构在句中可做主语,宾语,表 语,定语,状语等。 eg: Another method is for them to leave at once. (表语) We’d better find some work for the children to do. (定语) He put the paper on desk for you to read. (状 语) What he told her made it impossible for him to go on her work. (宾语) It’s common for leaves to fall form the trees in autumn. (主语)
句型1:It + 谓语 + to do eg: It takes us an hour to get there by bus. 句型2:It’s + n. + to do eg: It’s our duty to help the poor. 句型3:It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 注:for/of sb to do sth 为不定式复合结构。 1) of引起的复合结构只能做主语。 eg: It’s very kind of you to help me.
3).不定式有时可作结果状语,表示意想不到的结果,还可用only
to。 He left,never to return. He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet. ③不定式可用在下列句子中表示结果:
too + adj/adv + to do sth n./ adj/adv + enough + to do sth enough+ n.+to do sth such +(adj) n.+as to do sth so + adj/adv + as to do sth 【注意】不定式作状语,其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。
3.something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代 词常用不定式做后置定语。
4. 做状语: 1). 目的状语: 可放于句首,也可放于句末, 前面 可加in order/so as/so…as to表强调. eg: He went to see the artist himself. He stopped to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time.
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