花键中英文参数
花键齿轮参数中英文对照
花键齿轮参数中英文对照在花键齿轮设计中，有许多参数需要考虑。
下面是一些常见的花键齿轮参数的中英文对照。
1. Pitch Diameter (齿圈中心直径)2. Module (模数)3. Number of teeth (齿数)4. Pressure angle (压力角)5. Face width (齿宽)6. Tooth thickness (齿厚)7. Backlash (啮合间隙)8. Addendum (齿顶高)9. Dedendum (齿根高)10. Circular pitch (齿距)11. Helix angle (螺旋角)12. Pitch line velocity (周速)13. Contact ratio (接触比)14. Tooth profile (齿形)在设计花键齿轮时，这些参数是必不可少的。
以下是对每个参数的详细解释：1. Pitch Diameter (齿圈中心直径): 齿圈的中心直径，用于计算基本的齿轮几何尺寸。
2. Module (模数): 模数是齿轮设计中的一个重要参数，它表示了齿轮齿距和齿轮的尺寸之间的比例关系。
3. Number of teeth (齿数): 齿轮上的齿的数量，它决定了齿轮的大小和传动比。
4. Pressure angle (压力角): 齿轮上齿面的斜率与压力线的夹角。
5. Face width (齿宽): 齿轮上齿面的宽度，在花键齿轮传动中起支撑和传递力的作用。
6. Tooth thickness (齿厚): 齿轮上齿的厚度，决定了花键齿轮的载荷和传力能力。
7. Backlash (啮合间隙): 两个齿轮啮合时，齿的间隙或微小间隔。
8. Addendum (齿顶高): 齿轮齿面的齿高，从基圆到齿顶的距离。
9. Dedendum (齿根高): 齿轮齿面的齿根高度，从基圆到齿根尖的距离。
10. Circular pitch (齿距): 齿轮上齿与相邻齿距离的测量，从齿顶到齿顶的距离。
MASTA花键设计与强度校核模块
花键设计与强度校核分析1．花键设计 (2)2．花键的强度校核分析 (8)2.1 国标（GBT）的校核结果 (9)2.2 SAE的校核结果 (10)1．花键设计在需要进行花键连接设计时，如下图所示添加花键：选择Spline/Interference Fit，则会弹出以下界面，选择Spline并可详细命名。
在花键属性中点击“Type”栏，选择“Detailed Spline”：在“Spline Design”栏中即可根据花键的类型输入花键的详细设计参数，目前MASTA提供两种花键形式：GBT和ISO。
输入的设计参数中英文对照表如下：MiscAxial Stiffness(N/m) 轴向刚度Length(mm) 长度位置PositionRadial Stiffness(N/m) 径向刚度Specify Inertia? 是否设置转动惯量Spline Type 花键类型GBT 国标ISO ISO标准Tilt Stiffness(Nm/rad) 倾斜刚度Torsional Stiffness(Nm/rad) 扭转刚度Spline Design and RatingBefore Running In 是否在磨合前？Driven Machine Working Condition 工作机工作状态（指负载）Uniform 平稳Light 轻微冲击 Medium 中等冲击 Heavy 严重冲击Driving Machine WorkingCondition原动机工作状态Uniform 平稳Light 轻微冲击 Medium 中等冲击Fatigue Life Factor Type 疲劳寿命系数类别Unidirectional单向FullReversed对称双向Fit Class Type 装配等级defgjskHB布氏硬度Heat Treatment Type 热处理方式No Heat Treatment无热处理 Temper 回火Quench40 淬火 40 Quench45 淬火 45 Quench50 淬火 50 SurfaceHardening表面硬化HRC洛氏硬度 HRCMax Misalignment (mm) 最大错位量Millions of Revolutions 循环次数, 106Module (mm) 模数Number of Teeth 齿数Pressure Angle Type 压力角类型3037.545Root Type 齿根类型FlatRoot 平齿根 FilletRoot 圆齿根Safety Factor of Compressive Stress 接触抗压安全系数Safety Factor of Root Bending Stress 齿根弯曲安全系数Spline Fixture Type 花键固定类型Flexible 柔性Fixed 固定Spline Rating Type 花键校核标准GBTSAESpline Tolerance Class Type 花键公差等级类别Steel Material Type 钢材料类型CarburizedRc58渗碳 Rc58 CarburizedRc555渗碳 Rc555 Nitrided 渗氮HardenedRc40表面硬化Rc40 Tension Strength (Mpa) 抗拉强度(Mpa)Torque Cycles 扭矩循环次数With Crown 起鼓Yielding Stress (Mpa) 屈服应力(Mpa)在设置花键详细参数的同时，点击图形显示区上部的报告命令“Report”，即可观察所设计花键的齿形和相应参数，如下图：内外花键的详细参数如下：内花键报告：Dei：内花键大径，指内花键的齿根圆（大圆）直径DFi：内花键渐开线终止圆直径Dii：内花键小径，指内花键的齿顶圆（小圆）直径Emax和Emin：实际齿槽宽的最大最小值，在内花键分度圆上实际测得的单个齿槽的弧齿槽宽。
花键齿轮参数中英文对照汇总
花键齿轮参数中英文对照汇总1. 模数（Module）：The module is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter to the number of teeth on the gear.2. 齿数（Number of Teeth）：The number of teeth on the gear.3. 压力角（Pressure Angle）：The pressure angle is the angle between the line of action and the line tangent to the pitch circle.4. 分度圆直径（Pitch Circle Diameter）：The pitch circle diameter is the diameter of the hypothetical circle that the gear teeth would be if removed from the gear.5. 脱啮廓角度（Addendum Angle）：The addendum angle is the angle between the tooth profile and the pitch circle.6. 脱啮圆直径（Addendum Circle Diameter）：The addendum circle diameter is the diameter of the imaginary circle that touches the tops of the gear teeth.7. 顶圆直径（Outside Diameter）：The outside diameter is the diameter of the gear measured over the tops of the teeth.8. 底圆直径（Root Diameter）：The root diameter is the diameter of the gear measured at the base of the tooth spaces.9. 压力角圆直径（Base Circle Diameter）：The base circle diameter is the diameter of the imaginary circle that touches the bottoms of the gear teeth.10. 正啮角（Helix Angle）：The helix angle is the angle between the gear tooth and the gear axis in the axial plane.11. 抬齿量（Lift）：The lift is the distance between the pitch circle and the tip of the gear tooth measured along the gear axis.12. 径向节圆直径（Dedendum Circle Diameter）：The dedendum circle diameter is the diameter of the imaginary circle that passes through the bottom of the tooth spaces.13. 中心距（Center Distance）：The center distance is the distance between the centers of two gears.14. 节圆直径（Dedendum Diameter）：The dedendum diameter is the diameter of the imaginary circle that touches the bottoms of the gear teeth.15. 啮合高度（Tooth Contact Height）：The tooth contact height is the height of the gear tooth that is actively meshed.16. 公法线长度（Circular Arc Length）：The circular arc length is the length of the measured arc on the pitch circle.17. 顶高（Addendum）：The addendum is the distance from the pitch circle to the top of the tooth.18. 底高（Dedendum）：The dedendum is the distance from the pitch circle to the bottom of the tooth space.19. 中面宽（Face Width）：The face width is the width of the gear tooth measured parallel to the axis.20. 齿根圆滚压深度（Fillet Depth）：The fillet depth is the depth of the circular arc notch in the root of the gear tooth.以上是关于花键齿轮参数的中英文对照汇总，希望能对您有所帮助。
花键中英文参数
花键中英文参数渐渐渐渐花involute spline未注公差 undeclared tolerance未注倒角undeclared chamfer渐渐 thermal refining端口 port chamfer模数 modulus渐形角tooth profile angle渐位系数stand-off error渐渐圈径向跳geared ring radial runout公法度及偏差渐渐渐渐渐渐 common normal跨数渐渐 spanned tooth count 高淬火渐渐渐 high-frequency quenching配渐渐渐 mating gear螺旋角 spiral angle渐力角pressure angle螺旋升角 lead angle渐号figure number渐厚tooth thickness螺旋渐 helix渐杆worm渐渐 gear渐渐 gear shaft渐渐子rotor shaft精度等渐precision class汽构造渐渐渐渐渐汽渐 automobile拖拉机 tractor渐渐路机locomotive有渐渐渐 tram无渐渐渐 trolley渐渐渐用military vehicle蒸汽机 steam engine煤气机 gas engine汽油机 gasoline engine国民渐渐 national economy国内生渐渐渐 (GDP) Gross Domestic Production全拆散 (CKD) Completely Knock Down半拆散 (SKD) Semi-Knock Down改革放渐渐 reform and opening技引渐渐渐technical import国化渐渐 localization支柱渐渐 pillar estate渐渐 car客渐 bus, coach渐渐 truck, lorry公路用渐 road vehicle非公路用渐 off-road vehicle渐渐机engine机体 engine body曲柄杆机构渐渐渐渐 crank-connecting rod mechanism配气机构 valve timing mechanism供系渐渐 fuel supply system冷却系cooling system渐滑系lubricating system点火系 ignition system起系渐渐 starting system底渐 chassis渐渐系power train离合器 clutch渐速器gear box渐渐渐 propeller shaft渐渐渐 drive axle行系渐渐 running gear渐架frame渐架suspension前渐 front axle渐壳axle housing渐渐 wheel渐向系steering system渐渐向steering wheel渐向器steering gear渐渐渐渐渐向装置steering linkage助力装置 power assisting device制系渐渐 braking system控制装置 control device供能装置 power supply device渐渐装置transfer device制器渐渐 brake渐身body渐前板制件front end panels渐身壳体body shell渐渐 door渐窗window附属装置 auxiliary device渐箱carrying platform渐渐渐渐渐机前置后(FR) front engine rear drive渐渐渐渐渐机前置前(FF) front engine front drive渐渐渐渐渐机后置后(RR) rear engine rear drive渐渐渐渐渐机中置后(MR) midship engine rear drive全渐渐渐 (nWD) all wheel drive渐渐力tractive force阻力 resistance渐渐阻力rolling resistance空气阻力 air resistance, drag上坡阻力gradient resistance附着作用 adhesion附着力 adhesive force附着系数 coefficient of adhesion第一章机工作原理渐渐二冲程机渐渐渐 two stroke engine四冲程机渐渐渐 four stroke engine水冷机渐渐渐 water cooled engine渐渐渐渐冷机air cooled engine上止点(UDP) upper dead point下止点 (LDP) lower dead point活塞行程 stroke 汽缸直径 bore工作容渐 working volume排量 swept volume, displacement渐气行程intake stroke渐渐行程compression stroke渐渐比compression ratio做功行程working stroke爆燃,敲缸 detonation, knock排气行程 exhaust stroke示功渐 indicating diagram汽缸体 cylinder block汽缸盖 cylinder head油底壳 oil sump活塞 piston渐杆connecting rod曲渐 crankshaft渐渐 flywheel渐渐气intake valve排气渐 exhaust valve挺柱 tappet推杆 push rod渐臂rocker凸渐渐 camshaft正渐渐渐 timing gear燃油箱 fuel tank燃油渐 fuel pump汽油清器渐渐渐 gasoline filter化油器 carburetor空气清器渐渐渐 air cleaner渐气管intake manifold排气管 exhaust manifold火花塞 spark plug点火圈渐渐 ignition coil断器渐渐 breaker蓄池渐渐 storage battery渐渐机generator水渐 water pump散器渐渐 radiator渐扇fan放水渐 drain valve水套 water jacket分水管 distributive pipe机油渐 oil pump集器渐渐 suction filter限渐渐 relief valve渐滑油道oil passage机油清器渐渐渐 oil filter机油冷却器 oil cooler起机渐渐 starting motor有效功率 effective power有效矩渐渐 effective torque燃油消耗率 specific fuel consumption渐渐渐渐渐渐机速特性engine speed characteristic渐渐渐渐气度throttle percentage部分特性 partial characteristic 外特性 outer characteristic 第二章曲柄杆机构渐渐渐渐汽缸套 cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner渐渐机支承engine mounting活塞渐 piston top活塞部渐渐 piston head活塞裙 piston skirt渐槽slot活塞渐 piston ring气渐 compression ring油渐 oil ring渐槽groove活塞渐 piston pin主承渐渐 main bearing主承盖渐渐渐 main bearing cap主瓦渐渐 main shell渐渐渐杆承big end bearing渐杆盖big end cap起爪渐渐 cranking claw渐渐 pulley平衡重 counter weight渐渐渐火序firing order扭振减振器 torsional vibration damper第三章配气机构渐渐置气(OHV) Over Head Valve渐渐渐置凸(OHC) Over Head Camshaft渐渐渐渐置凸(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft双置凸渐渐渐渐渐 (DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft多气机渐渐渐渐 multi-valve engine气隙渐渐渐 valve clearance配气相位 timing phase气杆渐渐 valve stem气座渐渐 valve seat气管渐渐渐 valve guide气簧渐渐渐 valve spring第四章汽油机供系渐渐可燃混合气 combustion mixture消声器 silencer, muffler汽油 gasoline, petrol分渐 distil蒸性渐渐 evaporating property渐渐 heat value抗爆性 anti-knock property辛渐渐 (RON) Research Octane Number渐量空气系数coefficient of excessive air理混合气渐渐渐渐 theoretical mixture稀混合气 thin mixture渐混合气thick mixture主供油系渐 main supply system怠速系渐 idle system加系渐渐渐 thickening system加速系渐 accelerating system浮子 float 浮子室 float chamber渐渐 needle valve量孔 metering jet阻渐渐 choke渐芯filter cartridge沉淀杯 sediment cup渐膜pump diaphragm油浴式 oil bath type石棉渐 a**estos pad渐渐 pre-heating汽油直接射渐渐 gasoline direct injection渐控electronic control多点射渐渐 muti-point injection渐渐渐点射single point injection渐路控制circuit control分器信号渐渐渐渐 distributor signal空气流量信号 airflow signal冷却水温信号 water temperature signal第五章柴油机供系渐渐渐渐油transfer pump渐渐油fuel injection pump高油管渐渐渐 high pressure fuel pipe渐火性ignition property黏度 viscosity凝点 condensing point渐燃期pri-combustion period速燃期 rapid combustion period渐燃期slow combustion period燃室渐渐 combustion chamber渐渐渐一燃室united chamber球形燃室渐渐 ball shape chamber渐流室turbulence chamber渐燃室pri-combustion chamber渐油器injector精密偶件 precise couple柱塞 plunger出油渐 delivery valve渐速器governor两速速器渐渐渐 two speed governor全速速器渐渐渐 full speed governor 定速速器渐渐渐 fixed speed governor渐渐渐渐合速器combined governor气速器渐渐渐渐 pneumatic governor机械离心式速器渐渐渐 mechanical centrifugal governor渐渐渐渐合式速器complex governor渐渐渐渐渐油提前角装置advancer 渐渐 flyweight渐渐渐 coupling粗清器渐渐渐 primary filter渐渐清器secondary filter渐渐渐渐增器turbocharger中冷却器渐渐渐渐 intermediate cooler第七章冷却系渐温器thermostat防液渐渐 anti-freezing liquid渐渐水桶compensation reservoirV-渐 V belt百叶窗 shutter大循渐 big circulation小循渐 small circulation散翅片渐渐渐 fins第八章滑系渐渐渐滑lubricant渐渐渐力滑pressure lubrication渐渐渐滑splash lubrication渐滑脂grease机油力感器渐渐渐渐渐 oil pressure sensor油封 oil seal旁通渐 bypass valve机油散器渐渐 oil cooler机油尺 dip stick加机油口 oil filler曲箱通渐渐渐渐 crankcase ventilation第九章点火系一次渐渐 primary winding二次渐渐 secondary winding渐渐渐敏阻heat sensitive resistance点火提前 ignition advance 分器渐渐 distributor活触点渐渐渐 moving contact固定触点 fixed contact分火渐 distributor rotor arm渐容器condenser点火提前装置 ignition advancer离心式点火提前装置 centrifugal ignition advancer真空式点火提前装置 vacuum ignition advancer辛校正器渐渐渐渐渐 octane number rectifier中心极渐渐 central electrode渐渐极side electrode瓷体渐渐渐 ceramic insulator跳火隙渐渐 spark gap半体点火系渐渐渐渐渐 semi-conductor ignition system晶体管 transistor二极管 diode三极管 triode无触点点火系 non-contact ignition system霍效渐渐渐 Hall effect正极板 anode渐极板cathode隔板 separator渐解液electrolyte蓄池格渐渐渐 battery cell接柱渐渐 terminal渐渐 cable硅整流交流机渐渐渐silicon rectified A.C. motor渐子rotor定子 stator渐刷brush渐渐扇叶fan blade渐渐渐渐器voltage regulator第十章起系渐渐手渐渐渐起cranking渐渐塞electric heater plug串激直流机渐渐渐 serial wound D.C. motor 起圈渐渐渐 starter ring渐渐渐渐磁操机构electro-magnetic control第十一章渐渐渐新型机三角活塞 triangular piston渐渐渐渐子机rotary engine自渐 rotary motion, rotation公渐 orbit motion渐迹trajectory渐渐 gear渐圈ring gear往零渐渐渐件reciprocal parts渐平衡dynamic balance燃气机渐渐渐渐渐 gas turbine第十二章汽系渐渐渐渐机械式系渐渐渐 mechanical transmission液力机械式系渐渐渐 hydro-mechanical transmission静液式系渐渐渐 static-hydraulic transmission渐渐渐渐力式系electrical transmission自渐渐渐渐渐式系automatic transmission减速 reduction可速比渐渐渐 variable ratios有速渐渐渐 definite ratios无速渐渐渐 indefinite ratios无速器渐渐渐渐(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission一般布置 general layout渐渐机横置lateral engine positioning分器渐渐 transfer case, transfer box第十三章离合器接合柔和 smooth engagement分离底渐渐 thorough separation渐渐 overload摩擦表面 friction surface摩擦渐渐片friction liner渐 hub主部分渐渐渐 driving part从渐渐渐部分driven part花渐 spline渐渐 pressure plate离合器盖 cover plate分离杠杆 release lever分离套筒 release sleeve分离承渐渐 release bearing主缸 master cylinder工作缸 working cylinder分离* release fork渐渐渐隙整clearance adjustment打滑 slip踏板 pedal踏板自由行程 pedal free stroke踏板工作行程 pedal working stroke渐渐渐渐 ,接rivet双片离合器 dual disc clutch中央渐渐渐渐渐簧离合器central spring clutch膜片簧离合器渐渐渐渐渐diaphragm spring clutch非性渐渐 non-linear第十四章速器渐渐渐与分器渐渐渐渐渐渐渐入，第一,input shaft, drive shaft渐渐渐渐渐渐渐出，第二,output shaft, main shaft中渐渐 counter shaft倒渐渐 reverse gear shaft常渐渐合constant mesh低速渐 low gear高速渐 high gear最高速渐 top gear空渐 neutral gear一渐 the first gear二渐 the second gear三渐 the third gear倒渐 reverse gear直接渐 direct gear超速渐 overdrive渐渐渐力出power take-off渐渐 shift渐合套sliding sleeve同步器 synchronizer同面步渐 synchro cone渐速杆shifting lever手柄 handle球渐渐 ball joint渐渐渐* shifting fork自渐 self-lock互渐 inter-lock渐渐渐渐速transaxle加力渐 low gear第十五章液力机械渐渐液力偶合器 hydraulic coupling渐渐 impeller渐渐 turbine叶片 blade液力矩器渐渐渐 torque converter渐渐 stator行星渐渐渐系planetary gear system太阳渐 sun gear行星渐 planet pinion行星架 planet carrier渐圈ring gear第十六章渐渐渐万向渐 universal joint, U-joint十字渐渐渐渐渐式万向Cardan type U-joint*子 yoke, fork十字渐 spider, center cross渐渐渐承needle bearing滑脂嘴，油嘴,lubricating fitting, nipple等角速 constant angular velocity双式渐渐渐渐渐万向dual Cardan type U-joint球*式万向渐 Weiss type U-joint球式渐渐渐渐渐万向Rzeppa type U-joint星形套 inner race housing球形壳 outer race shell保持架,球渐 retainer, ball cage渐渐性万向flexible U-joint无管渐渐渐 seamless steel tube第十七章渐渐渐主减速器 final drive主渐渐渐渐渐渐，小,drive pinion从，渐渐渐渐渐渐大,ring gear渐渐渐 bevel gear双曲面渐渐 hypoid gear渐渐减速single reduction双减速渐渐渐 double reduction渐通式主减速器penetrable final drive 双速主减速器 double gear (speed) final drive渐渐减速器wheel reduction差速器 differential半渐渐渐 differential side gear差速渐 differential lock渐渐差速器inter-axle differential lock托森差速器 torque sensitive differential半渐 axle shaft全浮式半渐 float type axle shaft半浮式半渐 semi-float type axle shaft渐壳axle housing渐壳后盖final drive rear cover第十八章行系渐渐行系渐渐 running gear渐架frame渐渐渐渐 ,axle渐架suspension半履渐渐渐渐式汽semi-caterpillar vehicle第十九章架渐渐渐渐梁式架ladder type frame渐梁side rail横梁 cross member保杠渐渐 bumper托架 bracket支承 support拖渐 tow hook中梁式架渐渐 backbone type frame桁架式架渐渐 lattice type frame第二十章渐渐渐渐和渐渐向steering axle渐梁axle beam工字形断面 I-section渐渐向knuckle主渐 king pin渐渐 wheel hub渐渐渐渐向定位steering wheel alignment主后渐渐渐 caster主内渐渐渐 king pin inclination前外渐渐渐 camber前前渐渐渐束toe-in渐渐渐渐向steering and driving axle支持渐 support axle渐渐 rim渐渐 spoke渐渐渐渐装罩hub cap渐胎tyre, tire胎冠 crown, tread花渐 pattern胎渐 side wall帘布渐 cord, ply尼渐渐渐渐 ,nylon渐渐束belted layer内胎 tube渐渐 protector胎圈 bead气渐渐嘴bleed valve气芯渐渐 valve core子午胎渐渐渐 radial tire无内胎胎渐渐 tubeless tire刺穿 puncture渐胎spare tire第二十一章架渐渐性元件spring, elastic element减振器 sock absorber渐向机构control device横向定器渐渐渐渐渐渐，杆,stabilizer, anti-roll bar渐渐渐架度suspension stiffness簧量渐渐渐 sprung mass非簧量渐渐渐 unsprung mass静渐渐度static deformation独立渐渐架independent suspension渐渐渐渐渐渐渐上跳，减振器行程,jounce渐渐渐渐渐渐回跳，减振器伸行程,rebound双向作用减振器 double action shock absorber渐向作用减振器single action shock absorber筒式减振器 telescopic shock absorber吊渐 link ring 工作缸 working cylinder渐油缸reservoir流通渐渐渐渐渐渐，液,intake valve伸渐渐 rebound valve渐渐渐 compression valve渐渐渐 compensation valve充气减振器 gas filled shock absorber渐渐渐渐渐力可减振器pressure adjustable shock absorber渐渐渐板簧leaf spring中心螺栓 central bolt渐渐簧clip螺旋簧渐渐 coil spring扭杆簧渐渐 torsional bar囊式空气簧渐渐 bellow type air spring膜式空气簧渐渐 diaphragm type air spring橡胶渐渐簧rubber spring卷耳 spring eye吊耳 shackleU形螺栓 U-bolt渐簧盖板spring plate副簧 auxiliary spring主簧 main spring横臂式架渐渐 transversal type suspension双横臂式架渐渐 double wishbone suspension渐渐渐向steering axis渐渐臂式trailing arm type滑柱式 strut type麦弗渐渐式McPhaeson type平衡架渐渐 tandem axle suspension第二十二章向系渐机械，手,渐渐渐渐渐向系manual steering system渐渐向steering wheel 渐渐向steering shaft渐向柱steering column渐渐渐渐向steering drive shaft渐向器steering gear直拉杆 drag link渐渐向knuckle渐渐渐向臂knuckle arm梯形臂 steering arm横拉杆 tie rod渐渐渐渐渐渐渐向偏角系steering geometry渐弯半径turning radius循球式向器渐渐渐渐渐渐 recirculating ball steering gear渐向螺杆steering screw渐向螺母steering nut渐扇sector渐渐渐渐渐渐条式向器rack and pinion steering gear渐渐渐渐渐渐杆曲柄指式向器worm and crankpin steering gear渐渐渐力向power steering渐向油罐steering reservoir渐渐向油steering oil pump第二十三章制系渐渐鼓式制器渐渐 drum brake制渐渐蹄brake shoe渐缸wheel cylinder制底板渐渐渐 brake base plate渐渐整凸adjustable cam制渐渐渐渐渐渐蹄回位簧retainer spring渐蹄leading shoe从蹄 trailing shoe渐渐渐式制器disc brake制渐渐 brake calipers制渐渐 brake disc液制系渐渐渐渐 fluid braking system制液渐渐 brake fluid制主缸渐渐渐 master cylinder气制系渐渐渐渐 pneumatic braking system空气机渐渐渐 air compressor 制气室渐渐渐 brake chamber渐气筒reservoir制渐渐 brake valve气渐渐渐渐 air pressure governor伺服制系渐渐 servo braking system真空助力器 vacuum booster防抱死制系渐渐 (ABS) Anti-lock Braking System渐渐渐助制器auxiliary brake渐速器retarder排气制渐 exhaust braking第二十四章身渐渐身壳体body shell非承式身渐渐渐渐 separate frame construction承式身渐渐渐渐 unitary construction, integral body渐渐渐机engine compartment客,渐渐渐渐渐乘客室passenger compartment行李箱 trunk渐渐机罩hood, bonnet前翼板 front fender, front wing前渐渐渐泥板front fender apron前板渐渐 dash board, fire wall前窗渐渐 windscreen, windshield前渐 cowl, shroud渐盖roof地板 floor panel行李箱盖 trunk lid, deck lid后板渐渐 rear end panel前柱front pillar, “A” pillar中柱center pillar, “B” pillar后柱rear p illar, “C” pillar上渐渐梁roof rail渐渐 rocker panel渐表板instrument panel遮阳板 sun visor刮水器 wiper后渐渐 rear view mirror渐渐 door lock玻璃升降器 window regulator密封条 weather strip暖气装置 heater空装置渐渐渐 air conditioner座椅 seat渐枕head restraint安全渐 safety seat belt渐化玻璃toughened glass 渐渐玻璃laminated glass渐箱carrying platform渐板side board 后板 tail board前板 head board地板,底板 floor board栓杆 tightening latch第二十五章附属渐渐渐速表speedometer里程表 mileage recorder机油力渐渐渐表oil pressure gauge燃油表 fuel gauge水温表 water temperature gauge渐流表ammeter前大灯 head lamp渐向指示灯turning indicator制信号渐渐渐渐灯braking signal light 渐警信号装置warning signal附表渐渐一般工程渐度length渐度width高度 height深度 depth距离 distance渐隙clearance位移 displacement面渐 area体渐 volume重量 weight渐量mass比重 specific gravity密度 density渐渐 time周期 period加速度 velocity, speed重力加速度 acceleration of gravity力 force合力 resultant分力 component力矩 moment渐矩torque, twisting moment弯矩 bending moment渐强pressure大气渐 atmospheric pressure声渐渐 (SPL) Sound Pressure Level渐力stress渐渐 strain渐形deformation拉伸 stretching渐渐 compressing弯曲 bending扭渐 twisting强度 strength渐度stiffness硬度 hardness黏度 viscosity运渐渐渐黏度kinematic viscosity能量 energy渐能kinetic energy位能 potential energy功 work功率 power温度 temperature渐 heat渐容量thermal capacity比渐 specific heat渐功当量Joule’s equiva lent渐渐系数coefficient of heat transfer 加渐 heating冷却 cooling膨渐 expansion固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gas蒸渐 evaporation溶解 dissolve融化 melt凝渐 condensation凝固 solidification渐路electric circuit串渐 serial connection并渐parallel connection渐荷electric charge渐渐 voltage渐位potential渐流current直流 (D.C.) Direct Current交流 (A.C.) Alternative Current渐阻resistance渐容量capacity渐容器condenser渐感inductance渐极electrode正极 anode渐极cathode渐离ionization渐解electrolysis渐渐 electroplating渐泳electrophoresis磁渐强度magnetic field intensity磁通量 magnetic flux光通量 luminous flux光照度 photometric quantity渐光强度luminous intensity工程渐 technical drawing渐板drawing board渐渐 drawing paper描渐渐tracing paper投影 projection前渐渐 front end view渐渐渐 side view左渐渐 left end view右渐渐 right end view俯渐渐 plan view剖面 section剖渐 section view渐渐 full line虚渐 broken line, dotted line点划渐 chain line尺寸渐 dimension line方形 square渐方形rectangle三角形 triangle渐形circle内接渐 inscribed circle外切渐 circumscribed circle直尺 ruler三棱尺 triangular scale三角板 set square丁字尺 tee square, T square渐渐 compasses分渐 divider曲板渐渐 curve渐嘴笔drawing pen渐子hammer斧子 ax, axe螺渐渐刀screw driver扳手 wrench, spanner活渐渐渐扳手adjustable wrench扳手套筒 socket渐子pliers火子渐渐 tongs虎渐 vice刀子 knife刮刀 scraper剪子 scissors渐子tweezers渐子clip渐渐器clamp渐刀file渐渐渐子,子chisel冲子 punch渐子awl渐子saw刨子 plane渐 drill砧渐 anvil直角尺 square内卡渐 inside calipers外卡渐 outside calipers游卡渐渐渐尺vernier calipers千分卡尺 micrometer guage高度尺 height gauge千分表 dial indicator水平，泡,尺 water level画渐渐 marking gauge螺渐 threads螺栓 bolt双螺柱渐渐渐 stud螺渐 screw十字槽螺渐 cross recessed screw螺母 nut渐槽螺母castle nut蝶形螺母 fly nut, wing nut渐圈washer渐渐渐簧圈lock washer渐渐口split pin, cotter pin渐 key花渐 spline直渐渐渐 spur gear斜渐渐渐 helical gear渐渐渐 bevel gear球承渐渐 ball bearing渐渐渐子承roller bearing渐渐渐承needle roller bearing渐承外圈outer race渐承内圈inner race隔离罩,保持架 cage, retainer渐渐渐造,件casting渐渐渐造,件forging渐渐渐渐制,制件rolling冲,冲件渐渐渐渐渐 stamping渐渐渐接,welding渐渐弧arc welding气渐 oxyacetylene welding点渐 spot welding渐渐渐接,rivet机械加工 machine work切削 cutting渐削turning刨削 planing渐削milling渐削drilling渐孔fraising磨削 grinding渐削boring拉削 broaching抛光 polishing渐渐理heat treatment淬火 hardening, quenching退火 annealing回火 tempering正火 normalizing渐床lathe渐渐刨床planer牛刨床渐渐渐 shaper插床 vertical shaper渐床milling machine渐床drilling machine磨床 grinder, grinding machine外渐渐渐磨床external grinder内渐渐渐磨床internal grinder平面磨床surface grinder渐床boring machine拉床 broacher床渐渐箱head stock (gear box)卡渐渐渐渐 ,chuck尾座 tail stock走刀箱 tool carrier模具 die, mold气渐 pneumatic hammer渐床press刀具 cutter渐刀,刨刀bite渐渐渐刀,刀fraise渐渐 bite磨渐渐渐渐 ,砂grinding wheel渐具fixture, jig汽渐 automobile拖拉机 tractor渐渐路机locomotive有渐渐渐 tram无渐渐渐 trolley渐渐渐用military vehicle蒸汽机 steam engine煤气机 gas engine汽油机 gasoline engine国民渐渐 national economy国内生渐渐渐 (GDP) Gross Domestic Production全拆散 (CKD) Completely Knock Down半拆散 (SKD) Semi-Knock Down改革放渐渐 reform and opening技引渐渐渐technical import国化渐渐 localization支柱渐渐 pillar estate渐渐 car客渐 bus, coach渐渐 truck, lorry公路用渐 road vehicle非公路用渐 off-road vehicle渐渐机engine机体 engine body曲柄杆机构渐渐渐渐 crank-connecting rod mechanism配气机构 valve timing mechanism供系渐渐 fuel supply system冷却系 cooling system渐滑系lubricating system点火系 ignition system起系渐渐 starting system底渐 chassis 渐渐系power train离合器 clutch渐速器gear box渐渐渐 propeller shaft渐渐渐 drive axle行系渐渐 running gear渐架frame渐架suspension前渐 front axle渐壳axle housing渐渐 wheel渐向系steering system渐渐向steering wheel渐向器steering gear渐渐渐渐渐向装置steering linkage助力装置 power assisting device制系渐渐 braking system控制装置 control device供能装置 power supply device渐渐装置transfer device制器渐渐 brake渐身body渐前板制件front end panels渐身壳体body shell渐渐 door渐窗window附属装置 auxiliary device渐箱carrying platform渐渐渐渐渐机前置后(FR) front engine rear drive渐渐渐渐渐机前置前(FF) front engine front drive渐渐渐渐渐机后置后(RR) rear engine rear drive渐渐渐渐渐机中置后(MR) midship engine rear drive全渐渐渐 (nWD) all wheel drive渐渐力tractive force阻力 resistance渐渐阻力rolling resistance空气阻力 air resistance, drag上坡阻力gradient resistance附着作用 adhesion附着力 adhesive force附着系数 coefficient of adhesion第一章机工作原理渐渐二冲程机渐渐渐 two stroke engine四冲程机渐渐渐 four stroke engine水冷机渐渐渐 water cooled engine渐渐渐渐冷机air cooled engine上止点(UDP) upper dead point下止点 (LDP) lower dead point活塞行程 stroke 汽缸直径 bore工作容渐 working volume排量 swept volume, displacement渐气行程intake stroke渐渐行程compression stroke渐渐比compression ratio做功行程working stroke爆燃,敲缸 detonation, knock排气行程 exhaust stroke示功渐 indicating diagram汽缸体 cylinder block汽缸盖 cylinder head油底壳 oil sump活塞 piston渐杆connecting rod曲渐 crankshaft渐渐 flywheel渐渐气intake valve排气渐 exhaust valve挺柱 tappet推杆 push rod渐臂rocker凸渐渐 camshaft正渐渐渐 timing gear燃油箱 fuel tank燃油渐 fuel pump汽油清器渐渐渐 gasoline filter化油器 carburetor空气清器渐渐渐 air cleaner渐气管intake manifold排气管 exhaust manifold火花塞 spark plug点火圈渐渐 ignition coil断器渐渐 breaker蓄池渐渐 storage battery渐渐机generator水渐 water pump散器渐渐 radiator渐扇fan放水渐 drain valve水套 water jacket分水管 distributive pipe机油渐 oil pump集器渐渐 suction filter限渐渐 relief valve渐滑油道oil passage机油清器渐渐渐 oil filter机油冷却器 oil cooler起机渐渐 starting motor有效功率 effective power有效矩渐渐 effective torque燃油消耗率 specific fuel consumption渐渐渐渐渐渐机速特性engine speed characteristic渐渐渐渐气度throttle percentage部分特性 partial characteristic外特性 outer characteristic第二章曲柄杆机构渐渐渐渐汽缸套 cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner渐渐机支承engine mounting活塞渐 piston top活塞部渐渐 piston head活塞裙 piston skirt渐槽slot活塞渐 piston ring气渐 compression ring油渐 oil ring渐槽groove活塞渐 piston pin主承渐渐 main bearing主承盖渐渐渐 main bearing cap主瓦渐渐 main shell渐渐渐杆承big end bearing渐杆盖big end cap起爪渐渐 cranking claw渐渐 pulley平衡重 counter weight渐渐渐火序firing order扭振减振器 torsional vibration damper第三章配气机构渐渐置气(OHV) Over Head Valve渐渐渐置凸(OHC) Over Head Camshaft渐渐渐渐置凸(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft双置凸渐渐渐渐渐 (DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft多气机渐渐渐渐 multi-valve engine气隙渐渐渐 valve clearance配气相位 timing phase气杆渐渐 valve stem气座渐渐 valve seat气管渐渐渐 valve guide气簧渐渐渐 valve spring第四章汽油机供系渐渐可燃混合气 combustion mixture消声器 silencer, muffler汽油 gasoline, petrol分渐 distil蒸性渐渐 evaporating property渐渐 heat value抗爆性 anti-knock property辛渐渐 (RON) Research Octane Number渐量空气系数coefficient of excessive air理混合气渐渐渐渐 theoretical mixture稀混合气 thin mixture渐混合气thick mixture主供油系渐 main supply system怠速系渐 idle system加系渐渐渐 thickening system加速系渐 accelerating system浮子 float 浮子室 float chamber渐渐 needle valve量孔 metering jet阻渐渐 choke渐芯filter cartridge沉淀杯 sediment cup渐膜pump diaphragm油浴式 oil bath type石棉渐 a**estos pad渐渐 pre-heating汽油直接射渐渐 gasoline direct injection渐控electronic control多点射渐渐 muti-point injection渐渐渐点射single point injection渐路控制circuit control分器信号渐渐渐渐 distributor signal空气流量信号 airflow signal冷却水温信号 water temperature signal第五章柴油机供系渐渐渐渐油transfer pump渐渐油fuel injection pump高油管渐渐渐 high pressure fuel pipe渐火性ignition property黏度 viscosity凝点 condensing point渐燃期pri-combustion period速燃期 rapid combustion period渐燃期slow combustion period燃室渐渐 combustion chamber渐渐渐一燃室united chamber球形燃室渐渐 ball shape chamber渐流室turbulence chamber渐燃室pri-combustion chamber渐油器injector精密偶件 precise couple柱塞 plunger出油渐 delivery valve渐速器governor两速速器渐渐渐 two speed governor全速速器渐渐渐 full speed governor 定速速器渐渐渐 fixed speed governor渐渐渐渐合速器combined governor气速器渐渐渐渐 pneumatic governor机械离心式速器渐渐渐 mechanical centrifugal governor渐渐渐渐合式速器complex governor渐渐渐渐渐油提前角装置advancer 渐渐 flyweight渐渐渐 coupling粗清器渐渐渐 primary filter渐渐清器secondary filter渐渐渐渐增器turbocharger中冷却器渐渐渐渐 intermediate cooler第七章冷却系渐温器thermostat防液渐渐 anti-freezing liquid渐渐水桶compensation reservoirV-渐 V belt百叶窗 shutter大循渐 big circulation小循渐 small circulation散翅片渐渐渐 fins第八章滑系渐渐渐滑lubricant渐渐渐力滑pressure lubrication渐渐渐滑splash lubrication渐滑脂grease机油力感器渐渐渐渐渐 oil pressure sensor油封 oil seal旁通渐 bypass valve机油散器渐渐 oil cooler机油尺 dip stick加机油口 oil filler曲箱通渐渐渐渐 crankcase ventilation第九章点火系一次渐渐 primary winding二次渐渐 secondary winding渐渐渐敏阻heat sensitive resistance点火提前 ignition advance分器渐渐 distributor活触点渐渐渐 moving contact固定触点 fixed contact分火渐 distributor rotor arm渐容器condenser点火提前装置 ignition advancer离心式点火提前装置 centrifugal ignition advancer真空式点火提前装置 vacuum ignition advancer辛校正器渐渐渐渐渐 octane number rectifier中心极渐渐 central electrode渐渐极side electrode瓷体渐渐渐 ceramic insulator跳火隙渐渐 spark gap半体点火系渐渐渐渐渐 semi-conductor ignition system晶体管 transistor二极管 diode三极管 triode无触点点火系 non-contact ignition system霍效渐渐渐 Hall effect正极板 anode渐极板cathode隔板 separator渐解液electrolyte蓄池格渐渐渐 battery cell接柱渐渐 terminal渐渐 cable硅整流交流机渐渐渐silicon rectified A.C. motor渐子rotor定子 stator渐刷brush渐渐扇叶fan blade渐渐渐渐器voltage regulator第十章起系渐渐手渐渐渐起cranking渐渐塞electric heater plug串激直流机渐渐渐 serial wound D.C. motor起圈渐渐渐 starter ring 渐渐渐渐磁操机构electro-magnetic control第十一章渐渐渐新型机三角活塞 triangular piston渐渐渐渐子机rotary engine自渐 rotary motion, rotation公渐 orbit motion渐迹trajectory渐渐 gear渐圈ring gear往零渐渐渐件reciprocal parts渐平衡dynamic balance燃气机渐渐渐渐渐 gas turbine第十二章汽系渐渐渐渐机械式系渐渐渐 mechanical transmission液力机械式系渐渐渐 hydro-mechanical transmission静液式系渐渐渐 static-hydraulic transmission渐渐渐渐力式系electrical transmission自渐渐渐渐渐式系automatic transmission减速 reduction可速比渐渐渐 variable ratios有速渐渐渐 definite ratios无速渐渐渐 indefinite ratios无速器渐渐渐渐(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission一般布置 general layout渐渐机横置lateral engine positioning分器渐渐 transfer case, transfer box第十三章离合器接合柔和 smooth engagement分离底渐渐 thorough separation渐渐 overload摩擦表面 friction surface摩擦渐渐片friction liner渐 hub主部分渐渐渐 driving part从渐渐渐部分driven part花渐 spline渐渐 pressure plate离合器盖 cover plate分离杠杆 release lever分离套筒 release sleeve分离承渐渐 release bearing主缸 master cylinder工作缸 working cylinder分离叉 release fork渐渐渐隙整clearance adjustment打滑 slip踏板 pedal踏板自由行程 pedal free stroke踏板工作行程 pedal working stroke渐渐渐渐 ,接rivet双片离合器 dual disc clutch中央渐渐渐渐渐簧离合器central spring clutch膜片簧离合器渐渐渐渐渐diaphragm spring clutch非性渐渐 non-linear第十四章速器渐渐渐与分器渐渐渐渐渐渐渐入，第一,input shaft, drive shaft渐渐渐渐渐渐渐出，第二,output shaft, main shaft中渐渐 counter shaft倒渐渐 reverse gear shaft常渐渐合constant mesh低速渐 low gear高速渐 high gear最高速渐 top gear空渐 neutral gear一渐 the first gear二渐 the second gear三渐 the third gear倒渐 reverse gear直接渐 direct gear超速渐 overdrive渐渐渐力出power take-off渐渐 shift渐合套sliding sleeve同步器 synchronizer同面步渐 synchro cone渐速杆shifting lever手柄 handle球渐渐 ball joint渐渐渐叉shifting fork自渐 self-lock互渐 inter-lock渐渐渐渐速transaxle加力渐 low gear第十五章液力机械渐渐液力偶合器 hydraulic coupling渐渐 impeller渐渐 turbine叶片 blade液力矩器渐渐渐 torque converter渐渐 stator行星渐渐渐系planetary gear system太阳渐 sun gear行星渐 planet pinion行星架 planet carrier渐圈ring gear第十六章渐渐渐万向渐 universal joint, U-joint十字渐渐渐渐渐式万向Cardan type U-joint叉子 yoke, fork十字渐 spider, center cross渐渐渐承needle bearing滑脂嘴，油嘴,lubricating fitting, nipple等角速 constant angular velocity双式渐渐渐渐渐万向dual Cardan type U-joint球叉式万向渐 Weiss type U-joint球式渐渐渐渐渐万向Rzeppa type U-joint星形套 inner race housing球形壳 outer race shell保持架,球渐 retainer, ball cage渐渐性万向flexible U-joint无管渐渐渐 seamless steel tube第十七章渐渐渐主减速器 final drive主渐渐渐渐渐渐，小,drive pinion从，渐渐渐渐渐渐大,ring gear渐渐渐 bevel gear双曲面渐渐 hypoid gear渐渐减速single reduction双减速渐渐渐 double reduction渐通式主减速器penetrable final drive 双速主减速器 double gear (speed) final drive渐渐减速器wheel reduction差速器 differential半渐渐渐 differential side gear差速渐 differential lock渐渐差速器inter-axle differential lock托森差速器 torque sensitive differential。
花键中英文参数
花键中英文参数渐渐渐渐花involute spline未注公差 undeclared tolerance未注倒角undeclared chamfer渐渐 thermal refining端口 port chamfer模数 modulus渐形角tooth profile angle渐位系数stand-off error渐渐圈径向跳geared ring radial runout公法度及偏差渐渐渐渐渐渐 common normal跨数渐渐 spanned tooth count 高淬火渐渐渐 high-frequency quenching配渐渐渐 mating gear螺旋角 spiral angle渐力角pressure angle螺旋升角 lead angle渐号figure number渐厚tooth thickness螺旋渐 helix渐杆worm渐渐 gear渐渐 gear shaft渐渐子rotor shaft精度等渐precision class汽构造渐渐渐渐渐汽渐 automobile拖拉机 tractor渐渐路机locomotive有渐渐渐 tram无渐渐渐 trolley渐渐渐用military vehicle蒸汽机 steam engine煤气机 gas engine汽油机 gasoline engine国民渐渐 national economy国内生渐渐渐 (GDP) Gross Domestic Production全拆散 (CKD) Completely Knock Down半拆散 (SKD) Semi-Knock Down改革放渐渐 reform and opening技引渐渐渐technical import国化渐渐 localization支柱渐渐 pillar estate渐渐 car客渐 bus, coach渐渐 truck, lorry公路用渐 road vehicle非公路用渐 off-road vehicle渐渐机engine机体 engine body曲柄杆机构渐渐渐渐 crank-connecting rod mechanism配气机构 valve timing mechanism供系渐渐 fuel supply system冷却系cooling system渐滑系lubricating system点火系 ignition system起系渐渐 starting system底渐 chassis渐渐系power train离合器 clutch渐速器gear box渐渐渐 propeller shaft渐渐渐 drive axle行系渐渐 running gear渐架frame渐架suspension前渐 front axle渐壳axle housing渐渐 wheel渐向系steering system渐渐向steering wheel渐向器steering gear渐渐渐渐渐向装置steering linkage助力装置 power assisting device制系渐渐 braking system控制装置 control device供能装置 power supply device渐渐装置transfer device制器渐渐 brake渐身body渐前板制件front end panels渐身壳体body shell渐渐 door渐窗window附属装置 auxiliary device渐箱carrying platform渐渐渐渐渐机前置后(FR) front engine rear drive渐渐渐渐渐机前置前(FF) front engine front drive渐渐渐渐渐机后置后(RR) rear engine rear drive渐渐渐渐渐机中置后(MR) midship engine rear drive全渐渐渐 (nWD) all wheel drive渐渐力tractive force阻力 resistance渐渐阻力rolling resistance空气阻力 air resistance, drag上坡阻力gradient resistance附着作用 adhesion附着力 adhesive force附着系数 coefficient of adhesion第一章机工作原理渐渐二冲程机渐渐渐 two stroke engine四冲程机渐渐渐 four stroke engine水冷机渐渐渐 water cooled engine渐渐渐渐冷机air cooled engine上止点(UDP) upper dead point下止点 (LDP) lower dead point活塞行程 stroke 汽缸直径 bore工作容渐 working volume排量 swept volume, displacement渐气行程intake stroke渐渐行程compression stroke渐渐比compression ratio做功行程working stroke爆燃,敲缸 detonation, knock排气行程 exhaust stroke示功渐 indicating diagram汽缸体 cylinder block汽缸盖 cylinder head油底壳 oil sump活塞 piston渐杆connecting rod曲渐 crankshaft渐渐 flywheel渐渐气intake valve排气渐 exhaust valve挺柱 tappet推杆 push rod渐臂rocker凸渐渐 camshaft正渐渐渐 timing gear燃油箱 fuel tank燃油渐 fuel pump汽油清器渐渐渐 gasoline filter化油器 carburetor空气清器渐渐渐 air cleaner渐气管intake manifold排气管 exhaust manifold火花塞 spark plug点火圈渐渐 ignition coil断器渐渐 breaker蓄池渐渐 storage battery渐渐机generator水渐 water pump散器渐渐 radiator渐扇fan放水渐 drain valve水套 water jacket分水管 distributive pipe机油渐 oil pump集器渐渐 suction filter限渐渐 relief valve渐滑油道oil passage机油清器渐渐渐 oil filter机油冷却器 oil cooler起机渐渐 starting motor有效功率 effective power有效矩渐渐 effective torque燃油消耗率 specific fuel consumption渐渐渐渐渐渐机速特性engine speed characteristic渐渐渐渐气度throttle percentage部分特性 partial characteristic 外特性 outer characteristic 第二章曲柄杆机构渐渐渐渐汽缸套 cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner渐渐机支承engine mounting活塞渐 piston top活塞部渐渐 piston head活塞裙 piston skirt渐槽slot活塞渐 piston ring气渐 compression ring油渐 oil ring渐槽groove活塞渐 piston pin主承渐渐 main bearing主承盖渐渐渐 main bearing cap主瓦渐渐 main shell渐渐渐杆承big end bearing渐杆盖big end cap起爪渐渐 cranking claw渐渐 pulley平衡重 counter weight渐渐渐火序firing order扭振减振器 torsional vibration damper第三章配气机构渐渐置气(OHV) Over Head Valve渐渐渐置凸(OHC) Over Head Camshaft渐渐渐渐置凸(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft双置凸渐渐渐渐渐 (DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft多气机渐渐渐渐 multi-valve engine气隙渐渐渐 valve clearance配气相位 timing phase气杆渐渐 valve stem气座渐渐 valve seat气管渐渐渐 valve guide气簧渐渐渐 valve spring第四章汽油机供系渐渐可燃混合气 combustion mixture消声器 silencer, muffler汽油 gasoline, petrol分渐 distil蒸性渐渐 evaporating property渐渐 heat value抗爆性 anti-knock property辛渐渐 (RON) Research Octane Number渐量空气系数coefficient of excessive air理混合气渐渐渐渐 theoretical mixture稀混合气 thin mixture渐混合气thick mixture主供油系渐 main supply system怠速系渐 idle system加系渐渐渐 thickening system加速系渐 accelerating system浮子 float 浮子室 float chamber渐渐 needle valve量孔 metering jet阻渐渐 choke渐芯filter cartridge沉淀杯 sediment cup渐膜pump diaphragm油浴式 oil bath type石棉渐 a**estos pad渐渐 pre-heating汽油直接射渐渐 gasoline direct injection渐控electronic control多点射渐渐 muti-point injection渐渐渐点射single point injection渐路控制circuit control分器信号渐渐渐渐 distributor signal空气流量信号 airflow signal冷却水温信号 water temperature signal第五章柴油机供系渐渐渐渐油transfer pump渐渐油fuel injection pump高油管渐渐渐 high pressure fuel pipe渐火性ignition property黏度 viscosity凝点 condensing point渐燃期pri-combustion period速燃期 rapid combustion period渐燃期slow combustion period燃室渐渐 combustion chamber渐渐渐一燃室united chamber球形燃室渐渐 ball shape chamber渐流室turbulence chamber渐燃室pri-combustion chamber渐油器injector精密偶件 precise couple柱塞 plunger出油渐 delivery valve渐速器governor两速速器渐渐渐 two speed governor全速速器渐渐渐 full speed governor 定速速器渐渐渐 fixed speed governor渐渐渐渐合速器combined governor气速器渐渐渐渐 pneumatic governor机械离心式速器渐渐渐 mechanical centrifugal governor渐渐渐渐合式速器complex governor渐渐渐渐渐油提前角装置advancer 渐渐 flyweight渐渐渐 coupling粗清器渐渐渐 primary filter渐渐清器secondary filter渐渐渐渐增器turbocharger中冷却器渐渐渐渐 intermediate cooler第七章冷却系渐温器thermostat防液渐渐 anti-freezing liquid渐渐水桶compensation reservoirV-渐 V belt百叶窗 shutter大循渐 big circulation小循渐 small circulation散翅片渐渐渐 fins第八章滑系渐渐渐滑lubricant渐渐渐力滑pressure lubrication渐渐渐滑splash lubrication渐滑脂grease机油力感器渐渐渐渐渐 oil pressure sensor油封 oil seal旁通渐 bypass valve机油散器渐渐 oil cooler机油尺 dip stick加机油口 oil filler曲箱通渐渐渐渐 crankcase ventilation第九章点火系一次渐渐 primary winding二次渐渐 secondary winding渐渐渐敏阻heat sensitive resistance点火提前 ignition advance 分器渐渐 distributor活触点渐渐渐 moving contact固定触点 fixed contact分火渐 distributor rotor arm渐容器condenser点火提前装置 ignition advancer离心式点火提前装置 centrifugal ignition advancer真空式点火提前装置 vacuum ignition advancer辛校正器渐渐渐渐渐 octane number rectifier中心极渐渐 central electrode渐渐极side electrode瓷体渐渐渐 ceramic insulator跳火隙渐渐 spark gap半体点火系渐渐渐渐渐 semi-conductor ignition system晶体管 transistor二极管 diode三极管 triode无触点点火系 non-contact ignition system霍效渐渐渐 Hall effect正极板 anode渐极板cathode隔板 separator渐解液electrolyte蓄池格渐渐渐 battery cell接柱渐渐 terminal渐渐 cable硅整流交流机渐渐渐silicon rectified A.C. motor渐子rotor定子 stator渐刷brush渐渐扇叶fan blade渐渐渐渐器voltage regulator第十章起系渐渐手渐渐渐起cranking渐渐塞electric heater plug串激直流机渐渐渐 serial wound D.C. motor 起圈渐渐渐 starter ring渐渐渐渐磁操机构electro-magnetic control第十一章渐渐渐新型机三角活塞 triangular piston渐渐渐渐子机rotary engine自渐 rotary motion, rotation公渐 orbit motion渐迹trajectory渐渐 gear渐圈ring gear往零渐渐渐件reciprocal parts渐平衡dynamic balance燃气机渐渐渐渐渐 gas turbine第十二章汽系渐渐渐渐机械式系渐渐渐 mechanical transmission液力机械式系渐渐渐 hydro-mechanical transmission静液式系渐渐渐 static-hydraulic transmission渐渐渐渐力式系electrical transmission自渐渐渐渐渐式系automatic transmission减速 reduction可速比渐渐渐 variable ratios有速渐渐渐 definite ratios无速渐渐渐 indefinite ratios无速器渐渐渐渐(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission一般布置 general layout渐渐机横置lateral engine positioning分器渐渐 transfer case, transfer box第十三章离合器接合柔和 smooth engagement分离底渐渐 thorough separation渐渐 overload摩擦表面 friction surface摩擦渐渐片friction liner渐 hub主部分渐渐渐 driving part从渐渐渐部分driven part花渐 spline渐渐 pressure plate离合器盖 cover plate分离杠杆 release lever分离套筒 release sleeve分离承渐渐 release bearing主缸 master cylinder工作缸 working cylinder分离* release fork渐渐渐隙整clearance adjustment打滑 slip踏板 pedal踏板自由行程 pedal free stroke踏板工作行程 pedal working stroke渐渐渐渐 ,接rivet双片离合器 dual disc clutch中央渐渐渐渐渐簧离合器central spring clutch膜片簧离合器渐渐渐渐渐diaphragm spring clutch非性渐渐 non-linear第十四章速器渐渐渐与分器渐渐渐渐渐渐渐入，第一,input shaft, drive shaft渐渐渐渐渐渐渐出，第二,output shaft, main shaft中渐渐 counter shaft倒渐渐 reverse gear shaft常渐渐合constant mesh低速渐 low gear高速渐 high gear最高速渐 top gear空渐 neutral gear一渐 the first gear二渐 the second gear三渐 the third gear倒渐 reverse gear直接渐 direct gear超速渐 overdrive渐渐渐力出power take-off渐渐 shift渐合套sliding sleeve同步器 synchronizer同面步渐 synchro cone渐速杆shifting lever手柄 handle球渐渐 ball joint渐渐渐* shifting fork自渐 self-lock互渐 inter-lock渐渐渐渐速transaxle加力渐 low gear第十五章液力机械渐渐液力偶合器 hydraulic coupling渐渐 impeller渐渐 turbine叶片 blade液力矩器渐渐渐 torque converter渐渐 stator行星渐渐渐系planetary gear system太阳渐 sun gear行星渐 planet pinion行星架 planet carrier渐圈ring gear第十六章渐渐渐万向渐 universal joint, U-joint十字渐渐渐渐渐式万向Cardan type U-joint*子 yoke, fork十字渐 spider, center cross渐渐渐承needle bearing滑脂嘴，油嘴,lubricating fitting, nipple等角速 constant angular velocity双式渐渐渐渐渐万向dual Cardan type U-joint球*式万向渐 Weiss type U-joint球式渐渐渐渐渐万向Rzeppa type U-joint星形套 inner race housing球形壳 outer race shell保持架,球渐 retainer, ball cage渐渐性万向flexible U-joint无管渐渐渐 seamless steel tube第十七章渐渐渐主减速器 final drive主渐渐渐渐渐渐，小,drive pinion从，渐渐渐渐渐渐大,ring gear渐渐渐 bevel gear双曲面渐渐 hypoid gear渐渐减速single reduction双减速渐渐渐 double reduction渐通式主减速器penetrable final drive 双速主减速器 double gear (speed) final drive渐渐减速器wheel reduction差速器 differential半渐渐渐 differential side gear差速渐 differential lock渐渐差速器inter-axle differential lock托森差速器 torque sensitive differential半渐 axle shaft全浮式半渐 float type axle shaft半浮式半渐 semi-float type axle shaft渐壳axle housing渐壳后盖final drive rear cover第十八章行系渐渐行系渐渐 running gear渐架frame渐渐渐渐 ,axle渐架suspension半履渐渐渐渐式汽semi-caterpillar vehicle第十九章架渐渐渐渐梁式架ladder type frame渐梁side rail横梁 cross member保杠渐渐 bumper托架 bracket支承 support拖渐 tow hook中梁式架渐渐 backbone type frame桁架式架渐渐 lattice type frame第二十章渐渐渐渐和渐渐向steering axle渐梁axle beam工字形断面 I-section渐渐向knuckle主渐 king pin渐渐 wheel hub渐渐渐渐向定位steering wheel alignment主后渐渐渐 caster主内渐渐渐 king pin inclination前外渐渐渐 camber前前渐渐渐束toe-in渐渐渐渐向steering and driving axle支持渐 support axle渐渐 rim渐渐 spoke渐渐渐渐装罩hub cap渐胎tyre, tire胎冠 crown, tread花渐 pattern胎渐 side wall帘布渐 cord, ply尼渐渐渐渐 ,nylon渐渐束belted layer内胎 tube渐渐 protector胎圈 bead气渐渐嘴bleed valve气芯渐渐 valve core子午胎渐渐渐 radial tire无内胎胎渐渐 tubeless tire刺穿 puncture渐胎spare tire第二十一章架渐渐性元件spring, elastic element减振器 sock absorber渐向机构control device横向定器渐渐渐渐渐渐，杆,stabilizer, anti-roll bar渐渐渐架度suspension stiffness簧量渐渐渐 sprung mass非簧量渐渐渐 unsprung mass静渐渐度static deformation独立渐渐架independent suspension渐渐渐渐渐渐渐上跳，减振器行程,jounce渐渐渐渐渐渐回跳，减振器伸行程,rebound双向作用减振器 double action shock absorber渐向作用减振器single action shock absorber筒式减振器 telescopic shock absorber吊渐 link ring 工作缸 working cylinder渐油缸reservoir流通渐渐渐渐渐渐，液,intake valve伸渐渐 rebound valve渐渐渐 compression valve渐渐渐 compensation valve充气减振器 gas filled shock absorber渐渐渐渐渐力可减振器pressure adjustable shock absorber渐渐渐板簧leaf spring中心螺栓 central bolt渐渐簧clip螺旋簧渐渐 coil spring扭杆簧渐渐 torsional bar囊式空气簧渐渐 bellow type air spring膜式空气簧渐渐 diaphragm type air spring橡胶渐渐簧rubber spring卷耳 spring eye吊耳 shackleU形螺栓 U-bolt渐簧盖板spring plate副簧 auxiliary spring主簧 main spring横臂式架渐渐 transversal type suspension双横臂式架渐渐 double wishbone suspension渐渐渐向steering axis渐渐臂式trailing arm type滑柱式 strut type麦弗渐渐式McPhaeson type平衡架渐渐 tandem axle suspension第二十二章向系渐机械，手,渐渐渐渐渐向系manual steering system渐渐向steering wheel 渐渐向steering shaft渐向柱steering column渐渐渐渐向steering drive shaft渐向器steering gear直拉杆 drag link渐渐向knuckle渐渐渐向臂knuckle arm梯形臂 steering arm横拉杆 tie rod渐渐渐渐渐渐渐向偏角系steering geometry渐弯半径turning radius循球式向器渐渐渐渐渐渐 recirculating ball steering gear渐向螺杆steering screw渐向螺母steering nut渐扇sector渐渐渐渐渐渐条式向器rack and pinion steering gear渐渐渐渐渐渐杆曲柄指式向器worm and crankpin steering gear渐渐渐力向power steering渐向油罐steering reservoir渐渐向油steering oil pump第二十三章制系渐渐鼓式制器渐渐 drum brake制渐渐蹄brake shoe渐缸wheel cylinder制底板渐渐渐 brake base plate渐渐整凸adjustable cam制渐渐渐渐渐渐蹄回位簧retainer spring渐蹄leading shoe从蹄 trailing shoe渐渐渐式制器disc brake制渐渐 brake calipers制渐渐 brake disc液制系渐渐渐渐 fluid braking system制液渐渐 brake fluid制主缸渐渐渐 master cylinder气制系渐渐渐渐 pneumatic braking system空气机渐渐渐 air compressor 制气室渐渐渐 brake chamber渐气筒reservoir制渐渐 brake valve气渐渐渐渐 air pressure governor伺服制系渐渐 servo braking system真空助力器 vacuum booster防抱死制系渐渐 (ABS) Anti-lock Braking System渐渐渐助制器auxiliary brake渐速器retarder排气制渐 exhaust braking第二十四章身渐渐身壳体body shell非承式身渐渐渐渐 separate frame construction承式身渐渐渐渐 unitary construction, integral body渐渐渐机engine compartment客,渐渐渐渐渐乘客室passenger compartment行李箱 trunk渐渐机罩hood, bonnet前翼板 front fender, front wing前渐渐渐泥板front fender apron前板渐渐 dash board, fire wall前窗渐渐 windscreen, windshield前渐 cowl, shroud渐盖roof地板 floor panel行李箱盖 trunk lid, deck lid后板渐渐 rear end panel前柱front pillar, “A” pillar中柱center pillar, “B” pillar后柱rear p illar, “C” pillar上渐渐梁roof rail渐渐 rocker panel渐表板instrument panel遮阳板 sun visor刮水器 wiper后渐渐 rear view mirror渐渐 door lock玻璃升降器 window regulator密封条 weather strip暖气装置 heater空装置渐渐渐 air conditioner座椅 seat渐枕head restraint安全渐 safety seat belt渐化玻璃toughened glass 渐渐玻璃laminated glass渐箱carrying platform渐板side board 后板 tail board前板 head board地板,底板 floor board栓杆 tightening latch第二十五章附属渐渐渐速表speedometer里程表 mileage recorder机油力渐渐渐表oil pressure gauge燃油表 fuel gauge水温表 water temperature gauge渐流表ammeter前大灯 head lamp渐向指示灯turning indicator制信号渐渐渐渐灯braking signal light 渐警信号装置warning signal附表渐渐一般工程渐度length渐度width高度 height深度 depth距离 distance渐隙clearance位移 displacement面渐 area体渐 volume重量 weight渐量mass比重 specific gravity密度 density渐渐 time周期 period加速度 velocity, speed重力加速度 acceleration of gravity力 force合力 resultant分力 component力矩 moment渐矩torque, twisting moment弯矩 bending moment渐强pressure大气渐 atmospheric pressure声渐渐 (SPL) Sound Pressure Level渐力stress渐渐 strain渐形deformation拉伸 stretching渐渐 compressing弯曲 bending扭渐 twisting强度 strength渐度stiffness硬度 hardness黏度 viscosity运渐渐渐黏度kinematic viscosity能量 energy渐能kinetic energy位能 potential energy功 work功率 power温度 temperature渐 heat渐容量thermal capacity比渐 specific heat渐功当量Joule’s equiva lent渐渐系数coefficient of heat transfer 加渐 heating冷却 cooling膨渐 expansion固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gas蒸渐 evaporation溶解 dissolve融化 melt凝渐 condensation凝固 solidification渐路electric circuit串渐 serial connection并渐parallel connection渐荷electric charge渐渐 voltage渐位potential渐流current直流 (D.C.) Direct Current交流 (A.C.) Alternative Current渐阻resistance渐容量capacity渐容器condenser渐感inductance渐极electrode正极 anode渐极cathode渐离ionization渐解electrolysis渐渐 electroplating渐泳electrophoresis磁渐强度magnetic field intensity磁通量 magnetic flux光通量 luminous flux光照度 photometric quantity渐光强度luminous intensity工程渐 technical drawing渐板drawing board渐渐 drawing paper描渐渐tracing paper投影 projection前渐渐 front end view渐渐渐 side view左渐渐 left end view右渐渐 right end view俯渐渐 plan view剖面 section剖渐 section view渐渐 full line虚渐 broken line, dotted line点划渐 chain line尺寸渐 dimension line方形 square渐方形rectangle三角形 triangle渐形circle内接渐 inscribed circle外切渐 circumscribed circle直尺 ruler三棱尺 triangular scale三角板 set square丁字尺 tee square, T square渐渐 compasses分渐 divider曲板渐渐 curve渐嘴笔drawing pen渐子hammer斧子 ax, axe螺渐渐刀screw driver扳手 wrench, spanner活渐渐渐扳手adjustable wrench扳手套筒 socket渐子pliers火子渐渐 tongs虎渐 vice刀子 knife刮刀 scraper剪子 scissors渐子tweezers渐子clip渐渐器clamp渐刀file渐渐渐子,子chisel冲子 punch渐子awl渐子saw刨子 plane渐 drill砧渐 anvil直角尺 square内卡渐 inside calipers外卡渐 outside calipers游卡渐渐渐尺vernier calipers千分卡尺 micrometer guage高度尺 height gauge千分表 dial indicator水平，泡,尺 water level画渐渐 marking gauge螺渐 threads螺栓 bolt双螺柱渐渐渐 stud螺渐 screw十字槽螺渐 cross recessed screw螺母 nut渐槽螺母castle nut蝶形螺母 fly nut, wing nut渐圈washer渐渐渐簧圈lock washer渐渐口split pin, cotter pin渐 key花渐 spline直渐渐渐 spur gear斜渐渐渐 helical gear渐渐渐 bevel gear球承渐渐 ball bearing渐渐渐子承roller bearing渐渐渐承needle roller bearing渐承外圈outer race渐承内圈inner race隔离罩,保持架 cage, retainer渐渐渐造,件casting渐渐渐造,件forging渐渐渐渐制,制件rolling冲,冲件渐渐渐渐渐 stamping渐渐渐接,welding渐渐弧arc welding气渐 oxyacetylene welding点渐 spot welding渐渐渐接,rivet机械加工 machine work切削 cutting渐削turning刨削 planing渐削milling渐削drilling渐孔fraising磨削 grinding渐削boring拉削 broaching抛光 polishing渐渐理heat treatment淬火 hardening, quenching退火 annealing回火 tempering正火 normalizing渐床lathe渐渐刨床planer牛刨床渐渐渐 shaper插床 vertical shaper渐床milling machine渐床drilling machine磨床 grinder, grinding machine外渐渐渐磨床external grinder内渐渐渐磨床internal grinder平面磨床surface grinder渐床boring machine拉床 broacher床渐渐箱head stock (gear box)卡渐渐渐渐 ,chuck尾座 tail stock走刀箱 tool carrier模具 die, mold气渐 pneumatic hammer渐床press刀具 cutter渐刀,刨刀bite渐渐渐刀,刀fraise渐渐 bite磨渐渐渐渐 ,砂grinding wheel渐具fixture, jig汽渐 automobile拖拉机 tractor渐渐路机locomotive有渐渐渐 tram无渐渐渐 trolley渐渐渐用military vehicle蒸汽机 steam engine煤气机 gas engine汽油机 gasoline engine国民渐渐 national economy国内生渐渐渐 (GDP) Gross Domestic Production全拆散 (CKD) Completely Knock Down半拆散 (SKD) Semi-Knock Down改革放渐渐 reform and opening技引渐渐渐technical import国化渐渐 localization支柱渐渐 pillar estate渐渐 car客渐 bus, coach渐渐 truck, lorry公路用渐 road vehicle非公路用渐 off-road vehicle渐渐机engine机体 engine body曲柄杆机构渐渐渐渐 crank-connecting rod mechanism配气机构 valve timing mechanism供系渐渐 fuel supply system冷却系 cooling system渐滑系lubricating system点火系 ignition system起系渐渐 starting system底渐 chassis 渐渐系power train离合器 clutch渐速器gear box渐渐渐 propeller shaft渐渐渐 drive axle行系渐渐 running gear渐架frame渐架suspension前渐 front axle渐壳axle housing渐渐 wheel渐向系steering system渐渐向steering wheel渐向器steering gear渐渐渐渐渐向装置steering linkage助力装置 power assisting device制系渐渐 braking system控制装置 control device供能装置 power supply device渐渐装置transfer device制器渐渐 brake渐身body渐前板制件front end panels渐身壳体body shell渐渐 door渐窗window附属装置 auxiliary device渐箱carrying platform渐渐渐渐渐机前置后(FR) front engine rear drive渐渐渐渐渐机前置前(FF) front engine front drive渐渐渐渐渐机后置后(RR) rear engine rear drive渐渐渐渐渐机中置后(MR) midship engine rear drive全渐渐渐 (nWD) all wheel drive渐渐力tractive force阻力 resistance渐渐阻力rolling resistance空气阻力 air resistance, drag上坡阻力gradient resistance附着作用 adhesion附着力 adhesive force附着系数 coefficient of adhesion第一章机工作原理渐渐二冲程机渐渐渐 two stroke engine四冲程机渐渐渐 four stroke engine水冷机渐渐渐 water cooled engine渐渐渐渐冷机air cooled engine上止点(UDP) upper dead point下止点 (LDP) lower dead point活塞行程 stroke 汽缸直径 bore工作容渐 working volume排量 swept volume, displacement渐气行程intake stroke渐渐行程compression stroke渐渐比compression ratio做功行程working stroke爆燃,敲缸 detonation, knock排气行程 exhaust stroke示功渐 indicating diagram汽缸体 cylinder block汽缸盖 cylinder head油底壳 oil sump活塞 piston渐杆connecting rod曲渐 crankshaft渐渐 flywheel渐渐气intake valve排气渐 exhaust valve挺柱 tappet推杆 push rod渐臂rocker凸渐渐 camshaft正渐渐渐 timing gear燃油箱 fuel tank燃油渐 fuel pump汽油清器渐渐渐 gasoline filter化油器 carburetor空气清器渐渐渐 air cleaner渐气管intake manifold排气管 exhaust manifold火花塞 spark plug点火圈渐渐 ignition coil断器渐渐 breaker蓄池渐渐 storage battery渐渐机generator水渐 water pump散器渐渐 radiator渐扇fan放水渐 drain valve水套 water jacket分水管 distributive pipe机油渐 oil pump集器渐渐 suction filter限渐渐 relief valve渐滑油道oil passage机油清器渐渐渐 oil filter机油冷却器 oil cooler起机渐渐 starting motor有效功率 effective power有效矩渐渐 effective torque燃油消耗率 specific fuel consumption渐渐渐渐渐渐机速特性engine speed characteristic渐渐渐渐气度throttle percentage部分特性 partial characteristic外特性 outer characteristic第二章曲柄杆机构渐渐渐渐汽缸套 cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner渐渐机支承engine mounting活塞渐 piston top活塞部渐渐 piston head活塞裙 piston skirt渐槽slot活塞渐 piston ring气渐 compression ring油渐 oil ring渐槽groove活塞渐 piston pin主承渐渐 main bearing主承盖渐渐渐 main bearing cap主瓦渐渐 main shell渐渐渐杆承big end bearing渐杆盖big end cap起爪渐渐 cranking claw渐渐 pulley平衡重 counter weight渐渐渐火序firing order扭振减振器 torsional vibration damper第三章配气机构渐渐置气(OHV) Over Head Valve渐渐渐置凸(OHC) Over Head Camshaft渐渐渐渐置凸(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft双置凸渐渐渐渐渐 (DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft多气机渐渐渐渐 multi-valve engine气隙渐渐渐 valve clearance配气相位 timing phase气杆渐渐 valve stem气座渐渐 valve seat气管渐渐渐 valve guide气簧渐渐渐 valve spring第四章汽油机供系渐渐可燃混合气 combustion mixture消声器 silencer, muffler汽油 gasoline, petrol分渐 distil蒸性渐渐 evaporating property渐渐 heat value抗爆性 anti-knock property辛渐渐 (RON) Research Octane Number渐量空气系数coefficient of excessive air理混合气渐渐渐渐 theoretical mixture稀混合气 thin mixture渐混合气thick mixture主供油系渐 main supply system怠速系渐 idle system加系渐渐渐 thickening system加速系渐 accelerating system浮子 float 浮子室 float chamber渐渐 needle valve量孔 metering jet阻渐渐 choke渐芯filter cartridge沉淀杯 sediment cup渐膜pump diaphragm油浴式 oil bath type石棉渐 a**estos pad渐渐 pre-heating汽油直接射渐渐 gasoline direct injection渐控electronic control多点射渐渐 muti-point injection渐渐渐点射single point injection渐路控制circuit control分器信号渐渐渐渐 distributor signal空气流量信号 airflow signal冷却水温信号 water temperature signal第五章柴油机供系渐渐渐渐油transfer pump渐渐油fuel injection pump高油管渐渐渐 high pressure fuel pipe渐火性ignition property黏度 viscosity凝点 condensing point渐燃期pri-combustion period速燃期 rapid combustion period渐燃期slow combustion period燃室渐渐 combustion chamber渐渐渐一燃室united chamber球形燃室渐渐 ball shape chamber渐流室turbulence chamber渐燃室pri-combustion chamber渐油器injector精密偶件 precise couple柱塞 plunger出油渐 delivery valve渐速器governor两速速器渐渐渐 two speed governor全速速器渐渐渐 full speed governor 定速速器渐渐渐 fixed speed governor渐渐渐渐合速器combined governor气速器渐渐渐渐 pneumatic governor机械离心式速器渐渐渐 mechanical centrifugal governor渐渐渐渐合式速器complex governor渐渐渐渐渐油提前角装置advancer 渐渐 flyweight渐渐渐 coupling粗清器渐渐渐 primary filter渐渐清器secondary filter渐渐渐渐增器turbocharger中冷却器渐渐渐渐 intermediate cooler第七章冷却系渐温器thermostat防液渐渐 anti-freezing liquid渐渐水桶compensation reservoirV-渐 V belt百叶窗 shutter大循渐 big circulation小循渐 small circulation散翅片渐渐渐 fins第八章滑系渐渐渐滑lubricant渐渐渐力滑pressure lubrication渐渐渐滑splash lubrication渐滑脂grease机油力感器渐渐渐渐渐 oil pressure sensor油封 oil seal旁通渐 bypass valve机油散器渐渐 oil cooler机油尺 dip stick加机油口 oil filler曲箱通渐渐渐渐 crankcase ventilation第九章点火系一次渐渐 primary winding二次渐渐 secondary winding渐渐渐敏阻heat sensitive resistance点火提前 ignition advance分器渐渐 distributor活触点渐渐渐 moving contact固定触点 fixed contact分火渐 distributor rotor arm渐容器condenser点火提前装置 ignition advancer离心式点火提前装置 centrifugal ignition advancer真空式点火提前装置 vacuum ignition advancer辛校正器渐渐渐渐渐 octane number rectifier中心极渐渐 central electrode渐渐极side electrode瓷体渐渐渐 ceramic insulator跳火隙渐渐 spark gap半体点火系渐渐渐渐渐 semi-conductor ignition system晶体管 transistor二极管 diode三极管 triode无触点点火系 non-contact ignition system霍效渐渐渐 Hall effect正极板 anode渐极板cathode隔板 separator渐解液electrolyte蓄池格渐渐渐 battery cell接柱渐渐 terminal渐渐 cable硅整流交流机渐渐渐silicon rectified A.C. motor渐子rotor定子 stator渐刷brush渐渐扇叶fan blade渐渐渐渐器voltage regulator第十章起系渐渐手渐渐渐起cranking渐渐塞electric heater plug串激直流机渐渐渐 serial wound D.C. motor起圈渐渐渐 starter ring 渐渐渐渐磁操机构electro-magnetic control第十一章渐渐渐新型机三角活塞 triangular piston渐渐渐渐子机rotary engine自渐 rotary motion, rotation公渐 orbit motion渐迹trajectory渐渐 gear渐圈ring gear往零渐渐渐件reciprocal parts渐平衡dynamic balance燃气机渐渐渐渐渐 gas turbine第十二章汽系渐渐渐渐机械式系渐渐渐 mechanical transmission液力机械式系渐渐渐 hydro-mechanical transmission静液式系渐渐渐 static-hydraulic transmission渐渐渐渐力式系electrical transmission自渐渐渐渐渐式系automatic transmission减速 reduction可速比渐渐渐 variable ratios有速渐渐渐 definite ratios无速渐渐渐 indefinite ratios无速器渐渐渐渐(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission一般布置 general layout渐渐机横置lateral engine positioning分器渐渐 transfer case, transfer box第十三章离合器接合柔和 smooth engagement分离底渐渐 thorough separation渐渐 overload摩擦表面 friction surface摩擦渐渐片friction liner渐 hub主部分渐渐渐 driving part从渐渐渐部分driven part花渐 spline渐渐 pressure plate离合器盖 cover plate分离杠杆 release lever分离套筒 release sleeve分离承渐渐 release bearing主缸 master cylinder工作缸 working cylinder分离叉 release fork渐渐渐隙整clearance adjustment打滑 slip踏板 pedal踏板自由行程 pedal free stroke踏板工作行程 pedal working stroke渐渐渐渐 ,接rivet双片离合器 dual disc clutch中央渐渐渐渐渐簧离合器central spring clutch膜片簧离合器渐渐渐渐渐diaphragm spring clutch非性渐渐 non-linear第十四章速器渐渐渐与分器渐渐渐渐渐渐渐入，第一,input shaft, drive shaft渐渐渐渐渐渐渐出，第二,output shaft, main shaft中渐渐 counter shaft倒渐渐 reverse gear shaft常渐渐合constant mesh低速渐 low gear高速渐 high gear最高速渐 top gear空渐 neutral gear一渐 the first gear二渐 the second gear三渐 the third gear倒渐 reverse gear直接渐 direct gear超速渐 overdrive渐渐渐力出power take-off渐渐 shift渐合套sliding sleeve同步器 synchronizer同面步渐 synchro cone渐速杆shifting lever手柄 handle球渐渐 ball joint渐渐渐叉shifting fork自渐 self-lock互渐 inter-lock渐渐渐渐速transaxle加力渐 low gear第十五章液力机械渐渐液力偶合器 hydraulic coupling渐渐 impeller渐渐 turbine叶片 blade液力矩器渐渐渐 torque converter渐渐 stator行星渐渐渐系planetary gear system太阳渐 sun gear行星渐 planet pinion行星架 planet carrier渐圈ring gear第十六章渐渐渐万向渐 universal joint, U-joint十字渐渐渐渐渐式万向Cardan type U-joint叉子 yoke, fork十字渐 spider, center cross渐渐渐承needle bearing滑脂嘴，油嘴,lubricating fitting, nipple等角速 constant angular velocity双式渐渐渐渐渐万向dual Cardan type U-joint球叉式万向渐 Weiss type U-joint球式渐渐渐渐渐万向Rzeppa type U-joint星形套 inner race housing球形壳 outer race shell保持架,球渐 retainer, ball cage渐渐性万向flexible U-joint无管渐渐渐 seamless steel tube第十七章渐渐渐主减速器 final drive主渐渐渐渐渐渐，小,drive pinion从，渐渐渐渐渐渐大,ring gear渐渐渐 bevel gear双曲面渐渐 hypoid gear渐渐减速single reduction双减速渐渐渐 double reduction渐通式主减速器penetrable final drive 双速主减速器 double gear (speed) final drive渐渐减速器wheel reduction差速器 differential半渐渐渐 differential side gear差速渐 differential lock渐渐差速器inter-axle differential lock托森差速器 torque sensitive differential。
花键中英文参数
渐开线花键involute spline未注公差undeclared tolerance未注倒角undeclared chamfer调质thermal refining端口port chamfer模数modulus齿形角tooth profile angle变位系数stand-off error齿圈径向跳动geared ring radial runout公法线长度及偏差common normal跨齿数spanned tooth count高频淬火high-frequency quenching配对齿轮mating gear螺旋角spiral angle压力角pressure angle螺旋升角lead angle图号figure number齿厚tooth thickness螺旋线helix蜗杆worm齿轮gear齿轴gear shaft转子轴rotor shaft精度等级precision class汽车构造词汇汽车automobile拖拉机tractor铁路机车locomotive有轨电车tram无轨电车trolley军用车辆military vehicle蒸汽机steam engine煤气机gas engine汽油机gasoline engine国民经济national economy国内生产总值(GDP) Gross Domestic Production 全拆散(CKD) Completely Knock Down半拆散(SKD) Semi-Knock Down改革开放reform and opening技术引进technical import国产化localization支柱产业pillar estate轿车car客车bus, coach货车truck, lorry公路用车road vehicle非公路用车off-road vehicle发动机engine机体engine body曲柄连杆机构crank-connecting rod mechanism 配气机构valve timing mechanism供给系fuel supply system冷却系cooling system润滑系lubricating system点火系ignition system起动系starting system底盘chassis传动系power train离合器clutch变速器gear box传动轴propeller shaft驱动桥drive axle行驶系running gear车架frame悬架suspension前轴front axle桥壳axle housing车轮wheel转向系steering system转向盘steering wheel转向器steering gear转向传动装置steering linkage助力装置power assisting device制动系braking system控制装置control device供能装置power supply device传动装置transfer device制动器brake车身body车前板制件front end panels车身壳体body shell车门door车窗window附属装置auxiliary device货箱carrying platform发动机前置后轮驱动(FR) front engine rear drive 发动机前置前轮驱动(FF) front engine front drive 发动机后置后轮驱动(RR) rear engine rear drive发动机中置后轮驱动(MR) midship engine rear drive 全轮驱动(nWD) all wheel drive驱动力tractive force阻力resistance滚动阻力rolling resistance空气阻力air resistance, drag上坡阻力gradient resistance附着作用adhesion附着力adhesive force附着系数coefficient of adhesion第一章发动机工作原理二冲程发动机two stroke engine四冲程发动机four stroke engine水冷发动机water cooled engine风冷发动机air cooled engine上止点(UDP) upper dead point下止点(LDP) lower dead point活塞行程stroke汽缸直径bore工作容积working volume排量swept volume, displacement进气行程intake stroke压缩行程compression stroke压缩比compression ratio做功行程working stroke爆燃，敲缸detonation, knock排气行程exhaust stroke示功图indicating diagram汽缸体cylinder block汽缸盖cylinder head油底壳oil sump活塞piston连杆connecting rod曲轴crankshaft飞轮flywheel进气门intake valve排气门exhaust valve挺柱tappet推杆push rod摇臂rocker凸轮轴camshaft正时齿轮timing gear燃油箱fuel tank燃油泵fuel pump汽油滤清器gasoline filter化油器carburetor空气滤清器air cleaner进气管intake manifold排气管exhaust manifold火花塞spark plug点火线圈ignition coil断电器breaker蓄电池storage battery发电机generator水泵water pump散热器radiator风扇fan放水阀drain valve水套water jacket分水管distributive pipe机油泵oil pump集滤器suction filter限压阀relief valve润滑油道oil passage机油滤清器oil filter机油冷却器oil cooler起动机starting motor有效功率effective power有效转矩effective torque燃油消耗率specific fuel consumption发动机转速特性engine speed characteristic 节气门开度throttle percentage部分特性partial characteristic外特性outer characteristic第二章曲柄连杆机构汽缸套cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner发动机支承engine mounting活塞顶piston top活塞头部piston head活塞裙piston skirt开槽slot活塞环piston ring气环compression ring油环oil ring环槽groove活塞销piston pin主轴承main bearing主轴承盖main bearing cap主轴瓦main shell连杆轴承big end bearing连杆盖big end cap起动爪cranking claw带轮pulley平衡重counter weight发火顺序firing order扭振减振器torsional vibration damper第三章配气机构顶置气门(OHV) Over Head Valve顶置凸轮轴(OHC) Over Head Camshaft单顶置凸轮轴(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft 双顶置凸轮轴(DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft 多气门发动机multi-valve engine气门间隙valve clearance配气相位timing phase气门杆valve stem气门座valve seat气门导管valve guide气门弹簧valve spring第四章汽油机供给系可燃混合气combustion mixture消声器silencer, muffler汽油gasoline, petrol分馏distil蒸发性evaporating property热值heat value抗爆性anti-knock property辛烷值(RON) Research Octane Number过量空气系数coefficient of excessive air理论混合气theoretical mixture稀混合气thin mixture浓混合气thick mixture主供油系统main supply system怠速系统idle system加浓系统thickening system加速系统accelerating system浮子float浮子室float chamber针阀needle valve量孔metering jet阻风门choke滤芯filter cartridge沉淀杯sediment cup泵膜pump diaphragm油浴式oil bath type石棉垫a**estos pad预热pre-heating汽油直接喷射gasoline direct injection电控electronic control多点喷射muti-point injection单点喷射single point injection电路控制circuit control分电器信号distributor signal空气流量信号airflow signal冷却水温信号water temperature signal第五章柴油机供给系输油泵transfer pump喷油泵fuel injection pump高压油管high pressure fuel pipe发火性ignition property黏度viscosity凝点condensing point备燃期pri-combustion period速燃期rapid combustion period缓燃期slow combustion period燃烧室combustion chamber统一燃烧室united chamber球形燃烧室ball shape chamber涡流室turbulence chamber预燃室pri-combustion chamber喷油器injector精密偶件precise couple柱塞plunger出油阀delivery valve调速器governor两速调速器two speed governor全速调速器full speed governor定速调速器fixed speed governor综合调速器combined governor气动调速器pneumatic governor机械离心式调速器mechanical centrifugal governor 复合式调速器complex governor喷油提前角调节装置advancer飞块flyweight联轴节coupling粗滤清器primary filter细滤清器secondary filter涡轮增压器turbocharger中间冷却器intermediate cooler第七章冷却系节温器thermostat防冻液anti-freezing liquid补偿水桶compensation reservoirV-带V belt百叶窗shutter大循环big circulation小循环small circulation散热翅片fins第八章润滑系润滑剂lubricant压力润滑pressure lubrication飞溅润滑splash lubrication润滑脂grease机油压力传感器oil pressure sensor油封oil seal旁通阀bypass valve机油散热器oil cooler机油尺dip stick加机油口oil filler曲轴箱通风crankcase ventilation第九章点火系一次绕组primary winding二次绕组secondary winding热敏电阻heat sensitive resistance点火提前ignition advance分电器distributor活动触点moving contact固定触点fixed contact分火头distributor rotor arm电容器condenser点火提前装置ignition advancer离心式点火提前装置centrifugal ignition advancer 真空式点火提前装置vacuum ignition advancer辛烷值校正器octane number rectifier中心电极central electrode侧电极side electrode瓷绝缘体ceramic insulator跳火间隙spark gap半导体点火系semi-conductor ignition system晶体管transistor二极管diode三极管triode无触点点火系non-contact ignition system霍尔效应Hall effect正极板anode负极板cathode隔板separator电解液electrolyte蓄电池格battery cell接线柱terminal电缆cable硅整流交流发电机silicon rectified A.C. motor转子rotor定子stator电刷brush风扇叶轮fan blade电压调节器voltage regulator第十章起动系手摇起动cranking电热塞electric heater plug串激直流发电机serial wound D.C. motor起动齿圈starter ring电磁操纵机构electro-magnetic control第十一章新型发动机三角活塞triangular piston转子发动机rotary engine自转rotary motion, rotation公转orbit motion轨迹trajectory齿轮gear齿圈ring gear往复零件reciprocal parts动平衡dynamic balance燃气涡轮发动机gas turbine第十二章汽车传动系机械式传动系mechanical transmission液力机械式传动系hydro-mechanical transmission 静液式传动系static-hydraulic transmission电力式传动系electrical transmission自动式传动系automatic transmission减速reduction可变速比variable ratios有级变速definite ratios无级变速indefinite ratios无级变速器(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission一般布置general layout发动机横置lateral engine positioning分动器transfer case, transfer box第十三章离合器接合柔和smooth engagement分离彻底thorough separation过载overload摩擦表面friction surface摩擦衬片friction liner毂hub主动部分driving part从动部分driven part花键spline压盘pressure plate离合器盖cover plate分离杠杆release lever分离套筒release sleeve分离轴承release bearing主缸master cylinder工作缸working cylinder分离* release fork间隙调整clearance adjustment打滑slip踏板pedal踏板自由行程pedal free stroke踏板工作行程pedal working stroke铆钉，铆接rivet双片离合器dual disc clutch中央弹簧离合器central spring clutch膜片弹簧离合器diaphragm spring clutch 非线性non-linear第十四章变速器与分动器输入轴（第一轴）input shaft, drive shaft 输出轴（第二轴）output shaft, main shaft 中间轴counter shaft倒挡轴reverse gear shaft常啮合constant mesh低速挡low gear高速挡high gear最高速挡top gear空挡neutral gear一挡the first gear二挡the second gear三挡the third gear倒挡reverse gear直接挡direct gear超速挡overdrive动力输出power take-off换挡shift啮合套sliding sleeve同步器synchronizer同步锥面synchro cone变速杆shifting lever手柄handle球铰链ball joint换挡拨* shifting fork自锁self-lock互锁inter-lock变速驱动桥transaxle加力挡low gear第十五章液力机械传动液力偶合器hydraulic coupling泵轮impeller涡轮turbine叶片blade液力变矩器torque converter导轮stator行星齿轮系planetary gear system太阳轮sun gear行星轮planet pinion行星架planet carrier齿圈ring gear第十六章传动轴万向节universal joint, U-joint十字轴式万向节Cardan type U-joint*子yoke, fork十字轴spider, center cross滚针轴承needle bearing滑脂嘴（油嘴）lubricating fitting, nipple 等角速constant angular velocity双联式万向节dual Cardan type U-joint 球*式万向节Weiss type U-joint球笼式万向节Rzeppa type U-joint星形套inner race housing球形壳outer race shell保持架，球笼retainer, ball cage挠性万向节flexible U-joint无缝钢管seamless steel tube第十七章驱动桥主减速器final drive主动（小）齿轮drive pinion从动（大）齿轮ring gear伞齿轮bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear单级减速single reduction双级减速double reduction贯通式主减速器penetrable final drive双速主减速器double gear (speed) final drive 轮边减速器wheel reduction差速器differential半轴齿轮differential side gear差速锁differential lock轴间差速器inter-axle differential lock托森差速器torque sensitive differential半轴axle shaft全浮式半轴float type axle shaft半浮式半轴semi-float type axle shaft桥壳axle housing桥壳后盖final drive rear cover第十八章行驶系行驶系running gear车架frame车桥，车轴axle悬架suspension半履带式汽车semi-caterpillar vehicle第十九章车架边梁式车架ladder type frame纵梁side rail横梁cross member保险杠bumper托架bracket支承support拖钩tow hook中梁式车架backbone type frame桁架式车架lattice type frame第二十章车桥和车轮转向桥steering axle桥梁axle beam工字形断面I-section转向节knuckle主销king pin轮毂wheel hub转向轮定位steering wheel alignment主销后倾caster主销内倾king pin inclination前轮外倾camber前轮前束toe-in转向驱动桥steering and driving axle支持桥support axle轮辋rim轮辐spoke车轮装饰罩hub cap轮胎tyre, tire胎冠crown, tread花纹pattern胎侧side wall帘布层cord, ply尼龙，锦纶nylon带束层belted layer内胎tube垫带protector胎圈bead气门嘴bleed valve气门芯valve core子午线轮胎radial tire无内胎轮胎tubeless tire刺穿puncture备胎spare tire第二十一章悬架弹性元件spring, elastic element减振器sock absorber导向机构control device横向稳定器（杆）stabilizer, anti-roll bar悬架刚度suspension stiffness簧载质量sprung mass非簧载质量unsprung mass静挠度static deformation独立悬架independent suspension车轮上跳（减振器压缩行程）jounce车轮回跳（减振器伸张行程）rebound双向作用减振器double action shock absorber 单向作用减振器single action shock absorber 筒式减振器telescopic shock absorber吊环link ring工作缸working cylinder贮油缸reservoir流通阀（进液阀）intake valve伸张阀rebound valve压缩阀compression valve补偿阀compensation valve充气减振器gas filled shock absorber压力可调减振器pressure adjustable shock absorber 钢板弹簧leaf spring中心螺栓central bolt弹簧夹clip螺旋弹簧coil spring扭杆弹簧torsional bar囊式空气弹簧bellow type air spring膜式空气弹簧diaphragm type air spring橡胶弹簧rubber spring卷耳spring eye吊耳shackleU形螺栓U-bolt弹簧盖板spring plate副簧auxiliary spring主簧main spring横臂式悬架transversal type suspension双横臂式悬架double wishbone suspension转向轴线steering axis纵摆臂式trailing arm type滑柱式strut type麦弗逊式McPhaeson type平衡悬架tandem axle suspension第二十二章转向系机械（手动）转向系manual steering system转向盘steering wheel转向轴steering shaft转向柱steering column转向传动轴steering drive shaft转向器steering gear直拉杆drag link转向节knuckle转向节臂knuckle arm梯形臂steering arm横拉杆tie rod转向轮偏转角关系steering geometry转弯半径turning radius循环球式转向器recirculating ball steering gear转向螺杆steering screw转向螺母steering nut齿扇sector齿轮齿条式转向器rack and pinion steering gear蜗杆曲柄指销式转向器worm and crankpin steering gear 动力转向power steering转向油罐steering reservoir转向油泵steering oil pump第二十三章制动系鼓式制动器drum brake制动蹄brake shoe轮缸wheel cylinder制动底板brake base plate调整凸轮adjustable cam制动蹄回位弹簧retainer spring领蹄leading shoe从蹄trailing shoe盘式制动器disc brake制动钳brake calipers制动盘brake disc液压制动系fluid braking system制动液brake fluid制动主缸master cylinder气压制动系pneumatic braking system空气压缩机air compressor制动气室brake chamber贮气筒reservoir制动阀brake valve气压调节阀air pressure governor伺服制动系servo braking system真空助力器vacuum booster防抱死制动系(ABS) Anti-lock Braking System辅助制动器auxiliary brake缓速器retarder排气制动exhaust braking第二十四章车身车身壳体body shell非承载式车身separate frame construction承载式车身unitary construction, integral body发动机舱engine compartment客厢，乘客室passenger compartment行李箱trunk发动机罩hood, bonnet前翼板front fender, front wing前挡泥板front fender apron前围板dash board, fire wall前风窗windscreen, windshield 前围cowl, shroud顶盖roof地板floor panel行李箱盖trunk lid, deck lid后围板rear end panel前柱front pillar, “A” pillar中柱center pillar, “B” pillar后柱rear pillar, “C” pillar上边梁roof rail门槛rocker panel仪表板instrument panel遮阳板sun visor刮水器wiper后视镜rear view mirror门锁door lock玻璃升降器window regulator密封条weather strip暖气装置heater空调装置air conditioner座椅seat头枕head restraint安全带safety seat belt钢化玻璃toughened glass夹层玻璃laminated glass货箱carrying platform边板side board后板tail board前板head board地板，底板floor board栓杆tightening latch第二十五章附属设备车速表speedometer里程表mileage recorder机油压力表oil pressure gauge 燃油表fuel gauge水温表water temperature gauge 电流表ammeter前大灯head lamp转向指示灯turning indicator制动信号灯braking signal light 报警信号装置warning signal附表一般工程词汇长度length宽度width高度height深度depth距离distance间隙clearance位移displacement面积area体积volume重量weight质量mass比重specific gravity密度density时间time周期period加速度velocity, speed重力加速度acceleration of gravity 力force合力resultant分力component力矩moment转矩torque, twisting moment弯矩bending moment压强pressure大气压atmospheric pressure声压级(SPL) Sound Pressure Level 应力stress应变strain变形deformation拉伸stretching压缩compressing弯曲bending扭转twisting强度strength刚度stiffness硬度hardness黏度viscosity运动黏度kinematic viscosity能量energy动能kinetic energy位能potential energy功work功率power温度temperature热heat热容量thermal capacity比热specific heat热功当量Joule’s equivalent传热系数coefficient of heat transfer 加热heating冷却cooling膨胀expansion固体solid液体liquid气体gas蒸发evaporation溶解dissolve融化melt凝结condensation凝固solidification电路electric circuit串联serial connection并联parallel connection电荷electric charge电压voltage电位potential电流current直流(D.C.) Direct Current交流(A.C.) Alternative Current电阻resistance电容量capacity电容器condenser电感inductance电极electrode正极anode负极cathode电离ionization电解electrolysis电镀electroplating电泳electrophoresis磁场强度magnetic field intensity磁通量magnetic flux光通量luminous flux光照度photometric quantity发光强度luminous intensity工程图technical drawing图板drawing board图纸drawing paper描图纸tracing paper投影projection前视图front end view侧视图side view左视图left end view右视图right end view俯视图plan view剖面section剖视section view实线full line虚线broken line, dotted line 点划线chain line尺寸线dimension line方形square长方形rectangle三角形triangle圆形circle内接圆inscribed circle外切圆circumscribed circle 直尺ruler三棱尺triangular scale三角板set square丁字尺tee square, T square 圆规compasses分规divider曲线板curve鸭嘴笔drawing pen锤子hammer斧子ax, axe螺丝刀screw driver扳手wrench, spanner活动扳手adjustable wrench 扳手套筒socket钳子pliers火钳子tongs虎钳vice刀子knife刮刀scraper剪子scissors镊子tweezers夹子clip夹紧器clamp锉刀file凿子，錾子chisel冲子punch锥子awl锯子saw刨子plane钻drill砧铁anvil直角尺square内卡规inside calipers外卡规outside calipers游标卡尺vernier calipers千分卡尺micrometer guage高度尺height gauge千分表dial indicator水平（泡）尺water level画针盘marking gauge螺纹threads螺栓bolt双头螺柱stud螺钉screw十字槽螺钉cross recessed screw 螺母nut开槽螺母castle nut蝶形螺母fly nut, wing nut垫圈washer弹簧垫圈lock washer开口销split pin, cotter pin键key花键spline直齿齿轮spur gear斜齿齿轮helical gear伞齿轮bevel gear球轴承ball bearing滚子轴承roller bearing滚针轴承needle roller bearing 轴承外圈outer race轴承内圈inner race隔离罩，保持架cage, retainer 铸造，铸件casting锻造，锻件forging轧制，轧制件rolling冲压，冲压件stamping焊接，焊缝welding电弧焊arc welding气焊oxyacetylene welding点焊spot welding铆接，铆钉rivet机械加工machine work切削cutting车削turning刨削planing铣削milling钻削drilling绞孔fraising磨削grinding镗削boring拉削broaching抛光polishing热处理heat treatment淬火hardening, quenching退火annealing回火tempering正火normalizing车床lathe龙门刨床planer牛头刨床shaper插床vertical shaper铣床milling machine钻床drilling machine磨床grinder, grinding machine 外圆磨床external grinder内圆磨床internal grinder平面磨床surface grinder镗床boring machine拉床broacher床头箱head stock (gear box) 卡盘，夹盘chuck尾座tail stock走刀箱tool carrier模具die, mold气锤pneumatic hammer压床press刀具cutter车刀，刨刀bite铣刀，绞刀fraise钻头bite磨轮，砂轮grinding wheel夹具fixture, jig汽车automobile拖拉机tractor铁路机车locomotive有轨电车tram无轨电车trolley军用车辆military vehicle蒸汽机steam engine煤气机gas engine汽油机gasoline engine国民经济national economy国内生产总值(GDP) Gross Domestic Production 全拆散(CKD) Completely Knock Down半拆散(SKD) Semi-Knock Down改革开放reform and opening技术引进technical import国产化localization支柱产业pillar estate轿车car客车bus, coach货车truck, lorry公路用车road vehicle非公路用车off-road vehicle发动机engine机体engine body曲柄连杆机构crank-connecting rod mechanism 配气机构valve timing mechanism供给系fuel supply system冷却系cooling system润滑系lubricating system点火系ignition system起动系starting system底盘chassis传动系power train离合器clutch变速器gear box传动轴propeller shaft驱动桥drive axle行驶系running gear车架frame悬架suspension前轴front axle桥壳axle housing车轮wheel转向系steering system转向盘steering wheel转向器steering gear转向传动装置steering linkage助力装置power assisting device制动系braking system控制装置control device供能装置power supply device传动装置transfer device制动器brake车身body车前板制件front end panels车身壳体body shell车门door车窗window附属装置auxiliary device货箱carrying platform发动机前置后轮驱动(FR) front engine rear drive发动机前置前轮驱动(FF) front engine front drive发动机后置后轮驱动(RR) rear engine rear drive发动机中置后轮驱动(MR) midship engine rear drive 全轮驱动(nWD) all wheel drive驱动力tractive force阻力resistance滚动阻力rolling resistance空气阻力air resistance, drag上坡阻力gradient resistance附着作用adhesion附着力adhesive force附着系数coefficient of adhesion第一章发动机工作原理二冲程发动机two stroke engine四冲程发动机four stroke engine水冷发动机water cooled engine风冷发动机air cooled engine上止点(UDP) upper dead point下止点(LDP) lower dead point活塞行程stroke汽缸直径bore工作容积working volume排量swept volume, displacement进气行程intake stroke压缩行程compression stroke压缩比compression ratio做功行程working stroke爆燃，敲缸detonation, knock排气行程exhaust stroke示功图indicating diagram汽缸体cylinder block汽缸盖cylinder head油底壳oil sump活塞piston连杆connecting rod曲轴crankshaft飞轮flywheel进气门intake valve排气门exhaust valve挺柱tappet推杆push rod摇臂rocker凸轮轴camshaft正时齿轮timing gear燃油箱fuel tank燃油泵fuel pump汽油滤清器gasoline filter化油器carburetor空气滤清器air cleaner进气管intake manifold排气管exhaust manifold火花塞spark plug点火线圈ignition coil断电器breaker蓄电池storage battery发电机generator水泵water pump散热器radiator风扇fan放水阀drain valve水套water jacket分水管distributive pipe机油泵oil pump集滤器suction filter限压阀relief valve润滑油道oil passage机油滤清器oil filter机油冷却器oil cooler起动机starting motor有效功率effective power有效转矩effective torque燃油消耗率specific fuel consumption发动机转速特性engine speed characteristic节气门开度throttle percentage部分特性partial characteristic外特性outer characteristic第二章曲柄连杆机构汽缸套cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner发动机支承engine mounting活塞顶piston top活塞头部piston head活塞裙piston skirt开槽slot活塞环piston ring气环compression ring油环oil ring环槽groove活塞销piston pin主轴承main bearing主轴承盖main bearing cap主轴瓦main shell连杆轴承big end bearing连杆盖big end cap起动爪cranking claw带轮pulley平衡重counter weight发火顺序firing order扭振减振器torsional vibration damper第三章配气机构顶置气门(OHV) Over Head Valve顶置凸轮轴(OHC) Over Head Camshaft单顶置凸轮轴(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft 双顶置凸轮轴(DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft 多气门发动机multi-valve engine气门间隙valve clearance配气相位timing phase气门杆valve stem气门座valve seat气门导管valve guide气门弹簧valve spring第四章汽油机供给系可燃混合气combustion mixture消声器silencer, muffler汽油gasoline, petrol分馏distil蒸发性evaporating property热值heat value抗爆性anti-knock property辛烷值(RON) Research Octane Number 过量空气系数coefficient of excessive air 理论混合气theoretical mixture稀混合气thin mixture浓混合气thick mixture主供油系统main supply system怠速系统idle system加浓系统thickening system加速系统accelerating system浮子float浮子室float chamber针阀needle valve量孔metering jet阻风门choke滤芯filter cartridge沉淀杯sediment cup泵膜pump diaphragm油浴式oil bath type石棉垫a**estos pad预热pre-heating汽油直接喷射gasoline direct injection 电控electronic control多点喷射muti-point injection单点喷射single point injection电路控制circuit control分电器信号distributor signal空气流量信号airflow signal冷却水温信号water temperature signal 第五章柴油机供给系输油泵transfer pump喷油泵fuel injection pump高压油管high pressure fuel pipe发火性ignition property黏度viscosity凝点condensing point备燃期pri-combustion period速燃期rapid combustion period缓燃期slow combustion period燃烧室combustion chamber统一燃烧室united chamber球形燃烧室ball shape chamber涡流室turbulence chamber预燃室pri-combustion chamber喷油器injector精密偶件precise couple柱塞plunger出油阀delivery valve调速器governor两速调速器two speed governor全速调速器full speed governor定速调速器fixed speed governor综合调速器combined governor气动调速器pneumatic governor机械离心式调速器mechanical centrifugal governor 复合式调速器complex governor喷油提前角调节装置advancer飞块flyweight联轴节coupling粗滤清器primary filter细滤清器secondary filter涡轮增压器turbocharger中间冷却器intermediate cooler第七章冷却系节温器thermostat防冻液anti-freezing liquid补偿水桶compensation reservoirV-带V belt百叶窗shutter大循环big circulation小循环small circulation散热翅片fins第八章润滑系润滑剂lubricant压力润滑pressure lubrication飞溅润滑splash lubrication润滑脂grease机油压力传感器oil pressure sensor油封oil seal旁通阀bypass valve机油散热器oil cooler机油尺dip stick加机油口oil filler曲轴箱通风crankcase ventilation第九章点火系一次绕组primary winding二次绕组secondary winding热敏电阻heat sensitive resistance点火提前ignition advance分电器distributor活动触点moving contact固定触点fixed contact分火头distributor rotor arm电容器condenser点火提前装置ignition advancer离心式点火提前装置centrifugal ignition advancer 真空式点火提前装置vacuum ignition advancer辛烷值校正器octane number rectifier中心电极central electrode侧电极side electrode瓷绝缘体ceramic insulator跳火间隙spark gap半导体点火系semi-conductor ignition system晶体管transistor二极管diode三极管triode无触点点火系non-contact ignition system霍尔效应Hall effect正极板anode负极板cathode隔板separator电解液electrolyte蓄电池格battery cell接线柱terminal电缆cable硅整流交流发电机silicon rectified A.C. motor转子rotor定子stator电刷brush风扇叶轮fan blade电压调节器voltage regulator第十章起动系手摇起动cranking电热塞electric heater plug串激直流发电机serial wound D.C. motor起动齿圈starter ring电磁操纵机构electro-magnetic control第十一章新型发动机三角活塞triangular piston转子发动机rotary engine自转rotary motion, rotation公转orbit motion轨迹trajectory齿轮gear齿圈ring gear往复零件reciprocal parts动平衡dynamic balance燃气涡轮发动机gas turbine第十二章汽车传动系机械式传动系mechanical transmission液力机械式传动系hydro-mechanical transmission 静液式传动系static-hydraulic transmission电力式传动系electrical transmission自动式传动系automatic transmission减速reduction可变速比variable ratios有级变速definite ratios无级变速indefinite ratios无级变速器(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission 一般布置general layout发动机横置lateral engine positioning分动器transfer case, transfer box第十三章离合器接合柔和smooth engagement分离彻底thorough separation过载overload摩擦表面friction surface摩擦衬片friction liner毂hub主动部分driving part从动部分driven part花键spline压盘pressure plate离合器盖cover plate分离杠杆release lever分离套筒release sleeve分离轴承release bearing主缸master cylinder工作缸working cylinder分离叉release fork间隙调整clearance adjustment打滑slip踏板pedal踏板自由行程pedal free stroke踏板工作行程pedal working stroke铆钉，铆接rivet双片离合器dual disc clutch中央弹簧离合器central spring clutch膜片弹簧离合器diaphragm spring clutch 非线性non-linear第十四章变速器与分动器输入轴（第一轴）input shaft, drive shaft 输出轴（第二轴）output shaft, main shaft 中间轴counter shaft倒挡轴reverse gear shaft常啮合constant mesh低速挡low gear高速挡high gear最高速挡top gear空挡neutral gear一挡the first gear二挡the second gear三挡the third gear倒挡reverse gear直接挡direct gear超速挡overdrive动力输出power take-off换挡shift啮合套sliding sleeve同步器synchronizer同步锥面synchro cone变速杆shifting lever手柄handle球铰链ball joint换挡拨叉shifting fork自锁self-lock互锁inter-lock变速驱动桥transaxle加力挡low gear第十五章液力机械传动液力偶合器hydraulic coupling泵轮impeller涡轮turbine叶片blade液力变矩器torque converter导轮stator行星齿轮系planetary gear system太阳轮sun gear行星轮planet pinion行星架planet carrier齿圈ring gear第十六章传动轴万向节universal joint, U-joint十字轴式万向节Cardan type U-joint叉子yoke, fork十字轴spider, center cross滚针轴承needle bearing滑脂嘴（油嘴）lubricating fitting, nipple等角速constant angular velocity双联式万向节dual Cardan type U-joint球叉式万向节Weiss type U-joint球笼式万向节Rzeppa type U-joint星形套inner race housing球形壳outer race shell保持架，球笼retainer, ball cage挠性万向节flexible U-joint无缝钢管seamless steel tube第十七章驱动桥主减速器final drive主动（小）齿轮drive pinion从动（大）齿轮ring gear伞齿轮bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear单级减速single reduction双级减速double reduction贯通式主减速器penetrable final drive双速主减速器double gear (speed) final drive 轮边减速器wheel reduction差速器differential半轴齿轮differential side gear差速锁differential lock轴间差速器inter-axle differential lock托森差速器torque sensitive differential。
冲压模具专业词汇中英文翻译
冲压模具词汇Counter bored hole 沉孔Chamfer 倒斜角Fillet 倒圆角padding block垫块stepping bar垫条upper die base上模座lower die base下模座upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板spare dies模具备品spring 弹簧bolt螺栓document folder活页夹file folder资料夹to put file in order整理资料spare tools location手工备品仓first count初盘人first check初盘复棹人second count 复盘人second check复盘复核人equipment设备waste materials废料work in progress product在制品casing = containerization装箱quantity of physical inventory second count 复盘点数量Quantity of customs count 会计师盘,点数量the first page第一联filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查end-user/using unit(department)使用单位Summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department)本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部)Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号plate电镀mold成型material for engineering mold testing工程试模材料not included in physical inventory不列入盘点sample样品incoming material to be inspected进货待验description品名steel/rolled steel钢材material statistics sheet 物料统计明细表meeting minutes会议记录meeting type 会别distribution department分发单位location地点chairman主席present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheetPCE组装厂生产排配表model机钟work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门Stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂（degrease）main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条形码flow chart流程窗体assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型 spare parts=buffer备品coordinate坐标dismantle the die折模auxiliary function辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾deducting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave 凹convex凸short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕疪shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill钻boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴angle offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模gang dies复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸) draw hole抽孔bending折弯trim切边emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线blanking下料stamp letter冲字(料号) shearing剪断tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印extension dwg展开图procedure dwg工程图die structure dwg模具结构图material材质material thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边gap间隙weight重量total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves=spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模)feature die公母模female die母模(凹模)upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板) stripping plate内外打(脱料板) outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件)deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location 定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch = stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模gang dies复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸)draw hole抽孔bending折弯trim切边emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线blanking下料stamp letter冲字(料号) shearing剪断tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印extension dwg展开图procedure dwg工程图die structure dwg模具结构图material材质material thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边gap间隙weight重量total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量air vent vale 通气阀anchor pin 锚梢angular pin 角梢baffle 调节阻板angular pin 倾斜梢baffle plate 折流档板ball button 球塞套ball plunger 定位球塞ball slider 球塞滑块binder plate 压板blank holder 防皱压板blanking die 落料冲头bolster 上下模板bottom board 浇注底板bolster 垫板bottom plate 下固定板bracket 托架bumper block 缓冲块buster 堵口casting ladle 浇注包casting lug 铸耳cavity 模穴(模仁)cavity retainer plate 模穴托板center pin 中心梢clamping block 锁定块coil spring 螺旋弹cold punched nut 冷冲螺母cooling spiral 螺旋冷却栓core 心型core pin 心型梢cotter 开口梢cross 十字接头cushion pin 缓冲梢diaphragm gate 盘形浇口die approach 模头料道die bed 型底die block 块形模体die body 铸模座die bush 合模衬套die button 冲模母模全球模具网die clamper 夹模器die fastener 模具固定用零件die holder 母模固定板die lip 模唇die plate 冲模板die set 冲压模座direct gate 直接浇口dog chuck 爪牙夹头dowel 定位梢dowel hole 导套孔dowel pin 合模梢dozzle 辅助浇口dowel pin 定位梢draft 拔模锥度draw bead 张力调整杆drive bearing 传动轴承ejection pad 顶出衬垫ejector 脱模器ejector guide pin 顶出导梢ejector leader busher 顶出导梢衬套ejector pad 顶出垫ejector pin 顶出梢ejector plate 顶出板ejector rod 顶出杆ejector sleeve 顶出衬套ejector valve 顶出阀eye bolt 环首螺栓filling core 椿入蕊film gate 薄膜形浇口finger pin 指形梢finish machined plate 角形模板finish machined round plate 圆形模板fixed bolster plate 固定侧模板flanged pin 带凸缘?flash gate 毛边形浇口flask 上箱floating punch 浮动冲头gate 浇口gate land 浇口面gib 凹形拉紧goose neck 鹅颈管guide bushing 引导衬套guide pin 导梢guide post 引导柱guide plate 导板guide rail 导轨head punch 顶冲头headless punch 直柄冲头heavily tapered solid 整体模蕊盒hose nippler 管接头impact damper 缓冲器injection ram 压射柱塞inlay busher 嵌入衬套inner plunger 内柱塞inner punch 内冲头insert 嵌件insert pin 嵌件梢king pin 转向梢king pin bush 主梢衬套knockout bar 脱模杵land 合模平坦面land area 合模面leader busher 导梢衬套lifting pin 起模顶?lining 内衬locating center punch 定位中心冲头locating pilot pin 定位导梢locating ring 定位环lock block 压块locking block 定位块locking plate 定位板loose bush 活动衬套making die 打印冲子manifold block 歧管档块汽车英语first gear 一档second gear 二档reverse 倒车档two-stroke engine 二冲程发动机diesel 柴油机limousine 豪华轿车drophead 活动车篷汽车 (美作:convertible) racing car 赛车saloon 轿车 (美作:sedan)wecker, beat-up car, jalopy 老爷车notchback 客货两用车four-wheel drive 四轮驱动front-wheel drive 前轮驱动trailer 拖车truck 卡车compact car 小型汽车light-van 小型货车front wheel 前轮rear wheel 后轮tread 轮距chassis 底盘bodywork, body 车身rear window 后窗玻璃windscreen 挡风玻璃 (美作:windshield)windscreen wiper 风档刮水器,风档雨雪刷 (美作:windshield wiper) fender, wing, mudguard 挡泥板radiator grille 水箱wing mirror 后视镜bonnet 发动机盖 (美作:hood)boot 行李箱 (美作:trunk)roof rack, luggage rack 行李架license plate, number plate 车号牌wing 前翼子板hubcap 轮毂罩bumper 保险杠front blinker 前信号灯taillight, tail lamp 尾灯backup light, reversing light 倒车灯stoplight, stop lamp 刹车灯rear blinker 转弯指示灯trunk, boot 行李箱bumper 保险杠tailpipe 排气管back seat, rear seat 后座driver's seat, driving seat 驾驶席passenger seat 旅客席steering wheel, wheel 方向盘rear-view mirror, driving mirror 后视镜horn, hooter 喇叭choke 熄火装置gear stick, gear change 变速杆 (美作:gearshift) gearbox 变速箱starter, self-starter 起动器,起动钮brake pedal 刹车踏板clutch pedal 离合器踏板hand brake 手制动器foot brake 脚制动器dashboard 仪表板milometer 里程表speedometer, clock 速度表transmission 传动piston 活塞radiator 散热器fan belt 风扇皮带shaft 传动轴inner tube 内胎drain tap 排气阀门silencer 消音器 (美作:muffler)tank 油箱overflow 溢流孔valve 阀门exhaust pipe 排气管spare wheel 备胎,备用轮胎carburettor 汽化器 (美化:carburetor) electrical system, wiring 电气系统lights 灯光headlight 大灯,头灯dipped headlight 近光灯rear lights 尾灯sidelights, parking lights 位置灯,边灯direction indicator 方向标,转向标indicator, blinker 方向指示灯sparking plug 火花塞 (美作:spark plug) (spare) battery (备用)蓄电池to accelerate 加速to brake 制动,刹车to engage the clutch 接上离合器to declutch 分开离合器to stall 发动机停转to change gear 变速to decelerate 减速top speed 最高速度speed limit 速度限制to park 停车to switch off the motor 熄火模具工程常用词汇模具钢材alloy tool steel 合金工具钢 aluminium alloy 铝合金钢 bearing alloy 轴承合金 blister steel 浸碳钢 bonderized steel sheet 邦德防蚀钢板carbon tool steel 碳素工具钢clad sheet 被覆板clod work die steel 冷锻模用钢emery 金钢砂 ferrostatic pressure 钢铁水静压力forging die steel 锻造模用钢galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁板hard alloy steel 超硬合金钢high speed tool steel 高速度工具钢hot work die steel 热锻模用钢low alloy tool steel 特殊工具钢low manganese casting steel 低锰铸钢marging steel 马式体高强度热处理钢martrix alloy 马特里斯合金meehanite cast iron 米汉纳铸钢meehanite metal 米汉纳铁merchant iron 市售钢材molybdenum high speed steel钼系高速钢 molybdenum steel钼钢 nickel chromium steel 镍铬钢prehardened steel 顶硬钢silicon steel sheet 硅钢板stainless steel 不锈钢tin plated steel sheet 镀锡铁板tough pitch copper 韧铜troostite 吐粒散铁tungsten steel 钨钢vinyl tapped steel sheet 塑料覆面钢板四、模具零件：mold components三板模：3-plate mold二板模：2-plate mold边钉/导边：leader pin/guide pin边司/导套：bushing/guide bushing中托司：shoulder guide bushing中托边L：guide pin顶针板：ejector retainner plate托板：support plate螺丝： screw管钉：dowel pin开模槽：ply bar scot内模管位：core/cavity inter-lock顶针：ejector pin司筒：ejector sleeve司筒针：ejector pin推板：stripper plate缩呵：movable core,return core core puller 扣机（尼龙拉勾）：nylon latch lock斜顶：lifter模胚（架）： mold base上内模：cavity insert下内模：core insert行位（滑块）： slide镶件：insert压座/斜鸡：wedge耐磨板/油板：wedge wear plate压条：plate撑头: support pillar唧嘴： sprue bushing挡板：stop plate定位圈：locating ring锁扣：latch扣鸡：parting lock set推杆：push bar栓打螺丝：S.H.S.B顶板：eracuretun活动臂：lever arm分流锥：spure sperader水口司:bush垃圾钉：stop pin隔片：buffle弹弓柱：spring rod弹弓:die spring中托司：ejector guide bush中托边：ejector guide pin镶针：pin销子：dowel pin波子弹弓：ball catch喉塞: pipe plug锁模块：lock plate斜顶：angle from pin斜顶杆：angle ejector rod尼龙拉勾：parting locks活动臂：lever arm复位键、提前回杆：early return bar气阀：valves斜导边：angle pin术语：terms承压平面平衡：parting surface support balance模排气：parting line venting回针碰料位：return pin and cavity interference模总高超出啤机规格：mold base shut hight顶针碰运水：water line interferes withejector pin料位出上/下模：part from cavith (core) side模胚原身出料位：cavity direct cut on A-plate,core direct cut on B-plate. 不准用镶件： Do not use (core/cavity) insert用铍铜做镶件： use beryllium copper insert初步（正式）模图设计：preliinary (final) mold design反呵：reverse core弹弓压缩量：spring compressed length稳定性好：good stability,stable强度不够：insufficient rigidity均匀冷却：even cooling扣模：sticking热膨胀：thero expansion公差：tolorance铜公(电极）：copper electrode模具工程常用词汇die 模具 die shoe 模瓦figure file, chart file图档cutting die, blanking die冲模progressive die, follow (-on)die 连续模compound die复合模punched hole冲孔 panel board镶块to cutedges=side cut=side scrap切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸Line streching, line pulling线拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印upsiding down edges翻边to stake铆合design modification设计变化 die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board模板padding block垫块stepping bar垫条upper die base上模lower die base下模座upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板spare dies模具备品spring 弹簧 bolt螺栓plate电镀mold成型material for engineering mold testing工程试模材料not included in physical inventory不列入盘点incoming material to be inspected进货待验PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号item/group/class类别prepared by制year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割 EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块capability能力parameter参数 factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬 desmut剥黑膜 D.I. rinse纯水次 Chromate铬酸处理 Anodize阳性处理 seal封孔revision版次 part number/P/N料号 good products良品 scraped products报放心品 defective products不良品finished products成品 disposed products处理品 barcode条码 flow chart流程表单 assembly组装 stamping冲压molding成型 spare parts=buffer备品 coordinate座标 dismantle the die折模 auxiliary fuction辅助功能 poly-line 多义线 heater band 加热片 thermocouple热电偶 sand blasting喷沙 grit 砂砾 derusting machine除锈机 degate打浇口 dryer烘干机 induction感应 induction light感应光 response=reaction=interaction感应 ram连杆 edge finder 巡边器 concave凸 convex凹 short射料不足 nick缺口 speck瑕疵 shine亮班 splay 银纹 gas mark焦痕 delamination 起鳞 cold slug冷块 blush 导色 gouge沟槽;凿槽 satin texture段面咬花 witness line证示线 patent专利 grit沙砾 granule=peuet=grain细粒 grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲 magnalium镁铝合金 magnesium镁金 metal plate钣金 lathe车 mill锉 plane刨 grind磨drill铝 boring镗 blinster气泡 fillet镶;嵌边 through-hole form通孔形式 voller pin formality滚针形式 cam driver铡楔 shank摸柄 crank shaft曲柄 augular offset角度偏差 velocity速度 production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩 spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火 tempering回火annealing退火 carbonization碳化 alloy合金 tungsten high speed steel钨高速的 moly high speed steel钼高速的 organic solvent有机溶剂 bracket小磁导 liaison联络单 volatile挥发性resistance电阻 ion离子titrator滴定仪 beacon警示灯 coolant冷却液 crusher破碎机模具工程类 plain die简易模 pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模 progressive die连续模 gang dies复合模 shearing die剪边模 riveting die铆合模 pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸) draw hole抽孔 bending折弯 trim切边 emboss凸点dome凸圆 semi-shearing半剪 stamp mark冲记号 deburr or coin压毛边 punch riveting冲压铆合 side stretch侧冲压平 reel stretch卷圆压平 groove压线 blanking下料 stamp letter冲字(料号) shearing剪断 tick-mark nearside正面压印 tick-mark farside反面压印冲压名称类 extension dwg展开图 procedure dwg工程图 die structure dwg模具结构图 material材质material thickness料片厚度press specification冲床规格 die height range适用模高 die height闭模高度 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ANSI B92.1-1970(R1993) SAE美国渐开线花键-中文翻译完整版0429
翻译：朱晓峰节选至《美国机械工程师手册》第28版，有错之处，请指正。
SPLINES AND SERRATIONSA splined shaft is one having a series of parallel keys formed integrally with the shaft and mating with corresponding grooves cut in a hub or fitting; this arrangement is in contrast to a shaft having a series of keys or feathers fitted into slots cut into the shaft. The latter construction weakens the shaft to a considerable degree because of the slots cut into it and consequently, reduces its torque-transmitting capacity.花键轴是一种具有“一系列相互平行的齿、并且齿与轴整体成型”的轴，它与在轮毂上或者装配体上开的键槽相配合。
这种装置与“在轴上开槽并且与一组销子或者楔键相配合”的结构相反。
后者的结构由于在轴上开槽大大降低了轴（的强度），降低了传递扭矩的能力。
Splined shafts are most generally used in three types of applications: 1 ) for coupling shafts when relatively heavy torques are to be transmitted without slippage; 2) for transmitting power to slidably-mounted or permanently-fixed gears, pulleys, and other rotating members; and 3) for attaching parts that may require removal for indexing or change in angular position.花键轴主要用在以下三种情况：1）需要在无滑动的联轴器上传递大的扭矩；2）用于向“可滑动的装配组件”或者“固定装配的齿轮组或滑轮副”传递动力，3）用于“要求指定滑移量或转角位置”的配件上。
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渐开线花键involute spline未注公差undeclared tolerance未注倒角undeclared chamfer调质thermal refining端口port chamfer模数modulus齿形角tooth profile angle变位系数stand-off error齿圈径向跳动geared ring radial runout公法线长度及偏差common normal跨齿数spanned tooth count高频淬火high-frequency quenching配对齿轮mating gear螺旋角spiral angle压力角pressure angle螺旋升角lead angle图号figure number齿厚tooth thickness螺旋线helix蜗杆worm齿轮gear齿轴gear shaft转子轴rotor shaft精度等级precision class汽车构造词汇汽车automobile拖拉机tractor铁路机车locomotive有轨电车tram无轨电车trolley军用车辆military vehicle蒸汽机steam engine煤气机gas engine汽油机gasoline engine国民经济national economy国内生产总值(GDP) Gross Domestic Production 全拆散(CKD) Completely Knock Down半拆散(SKD) Semi-Knock Down改革开放reform and opening技术引进technical import国产化localization支柱产业pillar estate轿车car客车bus, coach货车truck, lorry公路用车road vehicle非公路用车off-road vehicle发动机engine机体engine body曲柄连杆机构crank-connecting rod mechanism 配气机构valve timing mechanism供给系fuel supply system冷却系cooling system润滑系lubricating system点火系ignition system起动系starting system底盘chassis传动系power train离合器clutch变速器gear box传动轴propeller shaft驱动桥drive axle行驶系running gear车架frame悬架suspension前轴front axle桥壳axle housing车轮wheel转向系steering system转向盘steering wheel转向器steering gear转向传动装置steering linkage助力装置power assisting device制动系braking system控制装置control device供能装置power supply device传动装置transfer device制动器brake车身body车前板制件front end panels车身壳体body shell车门door车窗window附属装置auxiliary device货箱carrying platform发动机前置后轮驱动(FR) front engine rear drive 发动机前置前轮驱动(FF) front engine front drive 发动机后置后轮驱动(RR) rear engine rear drive发动机中置后轮驱动(MR) midship engine rear drive 全轮驱动(nWD) all wheel drive驱动力tractive force阻力resistance滚动阻力rolling resistance空气阻力air resistance, drag上坡阻力gradient resistance附着作用adhesion附着力adhesive force附着系数coefficient of adhesion第一章发动机工作原理二冲程发动机two stroke engine四冲程发动机four stroke engine水冷发动机water cooled engine风冷发动机air cooled engine上止点(UDP) upper dead point下止点(LDP) lower dead point活塞行程stroke汽缸直径bore工作容积working volume排量swept volume, displacement进气行程intake stroke压缩行程compression stroke压缩比compression ratio做功行程working stroke爆燃，敲缸detonation, knock排气行程exhaust stroke示功图indicating diagram汽缸体cylinder block汽缸盖cylinder head油底壳oil sump活塞piston连杆connecting rod曲轴crankshaft飞轮flywheel进气门intake valve排气门exhaust valve挺柱tappet推杆push rod摇臂rocker凸轮轴camshaft正时齿轮timing gear燃油箱fuel tank燃油泵fuel pump汽油滤清器gasoline filter化油器carburetor空气滤清器air cleaner进气管intake manifold排气管exhaust manifold火花塞spark plug点火线圈ignition coil断电器breaker蓄电池storage battery发电机generator水泵water pump散热器radiator风扇fan放水阀drain valve水套water jacket分水管distributive pipe机油泵oil pump集滤器suction filter限压阀relief valve润滑油道oil passage机油滤清器oil filter机油冷却器oil cooler起动机starting motor有效功率effective power有效转矩effective torque燃油消耗率specific fuel consumption发动机转速特性engine speed characteristic 节气门开度throttle percentage部分特性partial characteristic外特性outer characteristic第二章曲柄连杆机构汽缸套cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner发动机支承engine mounting活塞顶piston top活塞头部piston head活塞裙piston skirt开槽slot活塞环piston ring气环compression ring油环oil ring环槽groove活塞销piston pin主轴承main bearing主轴承盖main bearing cap主轴瓦main shell连杆轴承big end bearing连杆盖big end cap起动爪cranking claw带轮pulley平衡重counter weight发火顺序firing order扭振减振器torsional vibration damper第三章配气机构顶置气门(OHV) Over Head Valve顶置凸轮轴(OHC) Over Head Camshaft单顶置凸轮轴(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft 双顶置凸轮轴(DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft 多气门发动机multi-valve engine气门间隙valve clearance配气相位timing phase气门杆valve stem气门座valve seat气门导管valve guide气门弹簧valve spring第四章汽油机供给系可燃混合气combustion mixture消声器silencer, muffler汽油gasoline, petrol分馏distil蒸发性evaporating property热值heat value抗爆性anti-knock property辛烷值(RON) Research Octane Number过量空气系数coefficient of excessive air理论混合气theoretical mixture稀混合气thin mixture浓混合气thick mixture主供油系统main supply system怠速系统idle system加浓系统thickening system加速系统accelerating system浮子float浮子室float chamber针阀needle valve量孔metering jet阻风门choke滤芯filter cartridge沉淀杯sediment cup泵膜pump diaphragm油浴式oil bath type石棉垫a**estos pad预热pre-heating汽油直接喷射gasoline direct injection电控electronic control多点喷射muti-point injection单点喷射single point injection电路控制circuit control分电器信号distributor signal空气流量信号airflow signal冷却水温信号water temperature signal第五章柴油机供给系输油泵transfer pump喷油泵fuel injection pump高压油管high pressure fuel pipe发火性ignition property黏度viscosity凝点condensing point备燃期pri-combustion period速燃期rapid combustion period缓燃期slow combustion period燃烧室combustion chamber统一燃烧室united chamber球形燃烧室ball shape chamber涡流室turbulence chamber预燃室pri-combustion chamber喷油器injector精密偶件precise couple柱塞plunger出油阀delivery valve调速器governor两速调速器two speed governor全速调速器full speed governor定速调速器fixed speed governor综合调速器combined governor气动调速器pneumatic governor机械离心式调速器mechanical centrifugal governor 复合式调速器complex governor喷油提前角调节装置advancer飞块flyweight联轴节coupling粗滤清器primary filter细滤清器secondary filter涡轮增压器turbocharger中间冷却器intermediate cooler第七章冷却系节温器thermostat防冻液anti-freezing liquid补偿水桶compensation reservoirV-带V belt百叶窗shutter大循环big circulation小循环small circulation散热翅片fins第八章润滑系润滑剂lubricant压力润滑pressure lubrication飞溅润滑splash lubrication润滑脂grease机油压力传感器oil pressure sensor油封oil seal旁通阀bypass valve机油散热器oil cooler机油尺dip stick加机油口oil filler曲轴箱通风crankcase ventilation第九章点火系一次绕组primary winding二次绕组secondary winding热敏电阻heat sensitive resistance点火提前ignition advance分电器distributor活动触点moving contact固定触点fixed contact分火头distributor rotor arm电容器condenser点火提前装置ignition advancer离心式点火提前装置centrifugal ignition advancer 真空式点火提前装置vacuum ignition advancer辛烷值校正器octane number rectifier中心电极central electrode侧电极side electrode瓷绝缘体ceramic insulator跳火间隙spark gap半导体点火系semi-conductor ignition system晶体管transistor二极管diode三极管triode无触点点火系non-contact ignition system霍尔效应Hall effect正极板anode负极板cathode隔板separator电解液electrolyte蓄电池格battery cell接线柱terminal电缆cable硅整流交流发电机silicon rectified A.C. motor转子rotor定子stator电刷brush风扇叶轮fan blade电压调节器voltage regulator第十章起动系手摇起动cranking电热塞electric heater plug串激直流发电机serial wound D.C. motor起动齿圈starter ring电磁操纵机构electro-magnetic control第十一章新型发动机三角活塞triangular piston转子发动机rotary engine自转rotary motion, rotation公转orbit motion轨迹trajectory齿轮gear齿圈ring gear往复零件reciprocal parts动平衡dynamic balance燃气涡轮发动机gas turbine第十二章汽车传动系机械式传动系mechanical transmission液力机械式传动系hydro-mechanical transmission 静液式传动系static-hydraulic transmission电力式传动系electrical transmission自动式传动系automatic transmission减速reduction可变速比variable ratios有级变速definite ratios无级变速indefinite ratios无级变速器(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission一般布置general layout发动机横置lateral engine positioning分动器transfer case, transfer box第十三章离合器接合柔和smooth engagement分离彻底thorough separation过载overload摩擦表面friction surface摩擦衬片friction liner毂hub主动部分driving part从动部分driven part花键spline压盘pressure plate离合器盖cover plate分离杠杆release lever分离套筒release sleeve分离轴承release bearing主缸master cylinder工作缸working cylinder分离* release fork间隙调整clearance adjustment打滑slip踏板pedal踏板自由行程pedal free stroke踏板工作行程pedal working stroke铆钉，铆接rivet双片离合器dual disc clutch中央弹簧离合器central spring clutch膜片弹簧离合器diaphragm spring clutch 非线性non-linear第十四章变速器与分动器输入轴（第一轴）input shaft, drive shaft 输出轴（第二轴）output shaft, main shaft 中间轴counter shaft倒挡轴reverse gear shaft常啮合constant mesh低速挡low gear高速挡high gear最高速挡top gear空挡neutral gear一挡the first gear二挡the second gear三挡the third gear倒挡reverse gear直接挡direct gear超速挡overdrive动力输出power take-off换挡shift啮合套sliding sleeve同步器synchronizer同步锥面synchro cone变速杆shifting lever手柄handle球铰链ball joint换挡拨* shifting fork自锁self-lock互锁inter-lock变速驱动桥transaxle加力挡low gear第十五章液力机械传动液力偶合器hydraulic coupling泵轮impeller涡轮turbine叶片blade液力变矩器torque converter导轮stator行星齿轮系planetary gear system太阳轮sun gear行星轮planet pinion行星架planet carrier齿圈ring gear第十六章传动轴万向节universal joint, U-joint十字轴式万向节Cardan type U-joint*子yoke, fork十字轴spider, center cross滚针轴承needle bearing滑脂嘴（油嘴）lubricating fitting, nipple 等角速constant angular velocity双联式万向节dual Cardan type U-joint 球*式万向节Weiss type U-joint球笼式万向节Rzeppa type U-joint星形套inner race housing球形壳outer race shell保持架，球笼retainer, ball cage挠性万向节flexible U-joint无缝钢管seamless steel tube第十七章驱动桥主减速器final drive主动（小）齿轮drive pinion从动（大）齿轮ring gear伞齿轮bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear单级减速single reduction双级减速double reduction贯通式主减速器penetrable final drive双速主减速器double gear (speed) final drive 轮边减速器wheel reduction差速器differential半轴齿轮differential side gear差速锁differential lock轴间差速器inter-axle differential lock托森差速器torque sensitive differential半轴axle shaft全浮式半轴float type axle shaft半浮式半轴semi-float type axle shaft桥壳axle housing桥壳后盖final drive rear cover第十八章行驶系行驶系running gear车架frame车桥，车轴axle悬架suspension半履带式汽车semi-caterpillar vehicle第十九章车架边梁式车架ladder type frame纵梁side rail横梁cross member保险杠bumper托架bracket支承support拖钩tow hook中梁式车架backbone type frame桁架式车架lattice type frame第二十章车桥和车轮转向桥steering axle桥梁axle beam工字形断面I-section转向节knuckle主销king pin轮毂wheel hub转向轮定位steering wheel alignment主销后倾caster主销内倾king pin inclination前轮外倾camber前轮前束toe-in转向驱动桥steering and driving axle支持桥support axle轮辋rim轮辐spoke车轮装饰罩hub cap轮胎tyre, tire胎冠crown, tread花纹pattern胎侧side wall帘布层cord, ply尼龙，锦纶nylon带束层belted layer内胎tube垫带protector胎圈bead气门嘴bleed valve气门芯valve core子午线轮胎radial tire无内胎轮胎tubeless tire刺穿puncture备胎spare tire第二十一章悬架弹性元件spring, elastic element减振器sock absorber导向机构control device横向稳定器（杆）stabilizer, anti-roll bar悬架刚度suspension stiffness簧载质量sprung mass非簧载质量unsprung mass静挠度static deformation独立悬架independent suspension车轮上跳（减振器压缩行程）jounce车轮回跳（减振器伸张行程）rebound双向作用减振器double action shock absorber 单向作用减振器single action shock absorber 筒式减振器telescopic shock absorber吊环link ring工作缸working cylinder贮油缸reservoir流通阀（进液阀）intake valve伸张阀rebound valve压缩阀compression valve补偿阀compensation valve充气减振器gas filled shock absorber压力可调减振器pressure adjustable shock absorber 钢板弹簧leaf spring中心螺栓central bolt弹簧夹clip螺旋弹簧coil spring扭杆弹簧torsional bar囊式空气弹簧bellow type air spring膜式空气弹簧diaphragm type air spring橡胶弹簧rubber spring卷耳spring eye吊耳shackleU形螺栓U-bolt弹簧盖板spring plate副簧auxiliary spring主簧main spring横臂式悬架transversal type suspension双横臂式悬架double wishbone suspension转向轴线steering axis纵摆臂式trailing arm type滑柱式strut type麦弗逊式McPhaeson type平衡悬架tandem axle suspension第二十二章转向系机械（手动）转向系manual steering system转向盘steering wheel转向轴steering shaft转向柱steering column转向传动轴steering drive shaft转向器steering gear直拉杆drag link转向节knuckle转向节臂knuckle arm梯形臂steering arm横拉杆tie rod转向轮偏转角关系steering geometry转弯半径turning radius循环球式转向器recirculating ball steering gear转向螺杆steering screw转向螺母steering nut齿扇sector齿轮齿条式转向器rack and pinion steering gear蜗杆曲柄指销式转向器worm and crankpin steering gear 动力转向power steering转向油罐steering reservoir转向油泵steering oil pump第二十三章制动系鼓式制动器drum brake制动蹄brake shoe轮缸wheel cylinder制动底板brake base plate调整凸轮adjustable cam制动蹄回位弹簧retainer spring领蹄leading shoe从蹄trailing shoe盘式制动器disc brake制动钳brake calipers制动盘brake disc液压制动系fluid braking system制动液brake fluid制动主缸master cylinder气压制动系pneumatic braking system空气压缩机air compressor制动气室brake chamber贮气筒reservoir制动阀brake valve气压调节阀air pressure governor伺服制动系servo braking system真空助力器vacuum booster防抱死制动系(ABS) Anti-lock Braking System辅助制动器auxiliary brake缓速器retarder排气制动exhaust braking第二十四章车身车身壳体body shell非承载式车身separate frame construction承载式车身unitary construction, integral body发动机舱engine compartment客厢，乘客室passenger compartment行李箱trunk发动机罩hood, bonnet前翼板front fender, front wing前挡泥板front fender apron前围板dash board, fire wall前风窗windscreen, windshield 前围cowl, shroud顶盖roof地板floor panel行李箱盖trunk lid, deck lid后围板rear end panel前柱front pillar, “A” pillar中柱center pillar, “B” pillar后柱rear pillar, “C” pillar上边梁roof rail门槛rocker panel仪表板instrument panel遮阳板sun visor刮水器wiper后视镜rear view mirror门锁door lock玻璃升降器window regulator密封条weather strip暖气装置heater空调装置air conditioner座椅seat头枕head restraint安全带safety seat belt钢化玻璃toughened glass夹层玻璃laminated glass货箱carrying platform边板side board后板tail board前板head board地板，底板floor board栓杆tightening latch第二十五章附属设备车速表speedometer里程表mileage recorder机油压力表oil pressure gauge 燃油表fuel gauge水温表water temperature gauge 电流表ammeter前大灯head lamp转向指示灯turning indicator制动信号灯braking signal light 报警信号装置warning signal附表一般工程词汇长度length宽度width高度height深度depth距离distance间隙clearance位移displacement面积area体积volume重量weight质量mass比重specific gravity密度density时间time周期period加速度velocity, speed重力加速度acceleration of gravity 力force合力resultant分力component力矩moment转矩torque, twisting moment弯矩bending moment压强pressure大气压atmospheric pressure声压级(SPL) Sound Pressure Level 应力stress应变strain变形deformation拉伸stretching压缩compressing弯曲bending扭转twisting强度strength刚度stiffness硬度hardness黏度viscosity运动黏度kinematic viscosity能量energy动能kinetic energy位能potential energy功work功率power温度temperature热heat热容量thermal capacity比热specific heat热功当量Joule’s equivalent传热系数coefficient of heat transfer 加热heating冷却cooling膨胀expansion固体solid液体liquid气体gas蒸发evaporation溶解dissolve融化melt凝结condensation凝固solidification电路electric circuit串联serial connection并联parallel connection电荷electric charge电压voltage电位potential电流current直流(D.C.) Direct Current交流(A.C.) Alternative Current电阻resistance电容量capacity电容器condenser电感inductance电极electrode正极anode负极cathode电离ionization电解electrolysis电镀electroplating电泳electrophoresis磁场强度magnetic field intensity磁通量magnetic flux光通量luminous flux光照度photometric quantity发光强度luminous intensity工程图technical drawing图板drawing board图纸drawing paper描图纸tracing paper投影projection前视图front end view侧视图side view左视图left end view右视图right end view俯视图plan view剖面section剖视section view实线full line虚线broken line, dotted line 点划线chain line尺寸线dimension line方形square长方形rectangle三角形triangle圆形circle内接圆inscribed circle外切圆circumscribed circle 直尺ruler三棱尺triangular scale三角板set square丁字尺tee square, T square 圆规compasses分规divider曲线板curve鸭嘴笔drawing pen锤子hammer斧子ax, axe螺丝刀screw driver扳手wrench, spanner活动扳手adjustable wrench 扳手套筒socket钳子pliers火钳子tongs虎钳vice刀子knife刮刀scraper剪子scissors镊子tweezers夹子clip夹紧器clamp锉刀file凿子，錾子chisel冲子punch锥子awl锯子saw刨子plane钻drill砧铁anvil直角尺square内卡规inside calipers外卡规outside calipers游标卡尺vernier calipers千分卡尺micrometer guage高度尺height gauge千分表dial indicator水平（泡）尺water level画针盘marking gauge螺纹threads螺栓bolt双头螺柱stud螺钉screw十字槽螺钉cross recessed screw 螺母nut开槽螺母castle nut蝶形螺母fly nut, wing nut垫圈washer弹簧垫圈lock washer开口销split pin, cotter pin键key花键spline直齿齿轮spur gear斜齿齿轮helical gear伞齿轮bevel gear球轴承ball bearing滚子轴承roller bearing滚针轴承needle roller bearing 轴承外圈outer race轴承内圈inner race隔离罩，保持架cage, retainer 铸造，铸件casting锻造，锻件forging轧制，轧制件rolling冲压，冲压件stamping焊接，焊缝welding电弧焊arc welding气焊oxyacetylene welding点焊spot welding铆接，铆钉rivet机械加工machine work切削cutting车削turning刨削planing铣削milling钻削drilling绞孔fraising磨削grinding镗削boring拉削broaching抛光polishing热处理heat treatment淬火hardening, quenching退火annealing回火tempering正火normalizing车床lathe龙门刨床planer牛头刨床shaper插床vertical shaper铣床milling machine钻床drilling machine磨床grinder, grinding machine 外圆磨床external grinder内圆磨床internal grinder平面磨床surface grinder镗床boring machine拉床broacher床头箱head stock (gear box) 卡盘，夹盘chuck尾座tail stock走刀箱tool carrier模具die, mold气锤pneumatic hammer压床press刀具cutter车刀，刨刀bite铣刀，绞刀fraise钻头bite磨轮，砂轮grinding wheel夹具fixture, jig汽车automobile拖拉机tractor铁路机车locomotive有轨电车tram无轨电车trolley军用车辆military vehicle蒸汽机steam engine煤气机gas engine汽油机gasoline engine国民经济national economy国内生产总值(GDP) Gross Domestic Production 全拆散(CKD) Completely Knock Down半拆散(SKD) Semi-Knock Down改革开放reform and opening技术引进technical import国产化localization支柱产业pillar estate轿车car客车bus, coach货车truck, lorry公路用车road vehicle非公路用车off-road vehicle发动机engine机体engine body曲柄连杆机构crank-connecting rod mechanism 配气机构valve timing mechanism供给系fuel supply system冷却系cooling system润滑系lubricating system点火系ignition system起动系starting system底盘chassis传动系power train离合器clutch变速器gear box传动轴propeller shaft驱动桥drive axle行驶系running gear车架frame悬架suspension前轴front axle桥壳axle housing车轮wheel转向系steering system转向盘steering wheel转向器steering gear转向传动装置steering linkage助力装置power assisting device制动系braking system控制装置control device供能装置power supply device传动装置transfer device制动器brake车身body车前板制件front end panels车身壳体body shell车门door车窗window附属装置auxiliary device货箱carrying platform发动机前置后轮驱动(FR) front engine rear drive发动机前置前轮驱动(FF) front engine front drive发动机后置后轮驱动(RR) rear engine rear drive发动机中置后轮驱动(MR) midship engine rear drive 全轮驱动(nWD) all wheel drive驱动力tractive force阻力resistance滚动阻力rolling resistance空气阻力air resistance, drag上坡阻力gradient resistance附着作用adhesion附着力adhesive force附着系数coefficient of adhesion第一章发动机工作原理二冲程发动机two stroke engine四冲程发动机four stroke engine水冷发动机water cooled engine风冷发动机air cooled engine上止点(UDP) upper dead point下止点(LDP) lower dead point活塞行程stroke汽缸直径bore工作容积working volume排量swept volume, displacement进气行程intake stroke压缩行程compression stroke压缩比compression ratio做功行程working stroke爆燃，敲缸detonation, knock排气行程exhaust stroke示功图indicating diagram汽缸体cylinder block汽缸盖cylinder head油底壳oil sump活塞piston连杆connecting rod曲轴crankshaft飞轮flywheel进气门intake valve排气门exhaust valve挺柱tappet推杆push rod摇臂rocker凸轮轴camshaft正时齿轮timing gear燃油箱fuel tank燃油泵fuel pump汽油滤清器gasoline filter化油器carburetor空气滤清器air cleaner进气管intake manifold排气管exhaust manifold火花塞spark plug点火线圈ignition coil断电器breaker蓄电池storage battery发电机generator水泵water pump散热器radiator风扇fan放水阀drain valve水套water jacket分水管distributive pipe机油泵oil pump集滤器suction filter限压阀relief valve润滑油道oil passage机油滤清器oil filter机油冷却器oil cooler起动机starting motor有效功率effective power有效转矩effective torque燃油消耗率specific fuel consumption发动机转速特性engine speed characteristic节气门开度throttle percentage部分特性partial characteristic外特性outer characteristic第二章曲柄连杆机构汽缸套cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner发动机支承engine mounting活塞顶piston top活塞头部piston head活塞裙piston skirt开槽slot活塞环piston ring气环compression ring油环oil ring环槽groove活塞销piston pin主轴承main bearing主轴承盖main bearing cap主轴瓦main shell连杆轴承big end bearing连杆盖big end cap起动爪cranking claw带轮pulley平衡重counter weight发火顺序firing order扭振减振器torsional vibration damper第三章配气机构顶置气门(OHV) Over Head Valve顶置凸轮轴(OHC) Over Head Camshaft单顶置凸轮轴(SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft 双顶置凸轮轴(DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft 多气门发动机multi-valve engine气门间隙valve clearance配气相位timing phase气门杆valve stem气门座valve seat气门导管valve guide气门弹簧valve spring第四章汽油机供给系可燃混合气combustion mixture消声器silencer, muffler汽油gasoline, petrol分馏distil蒸发性evaporating property热值heat value抗爆性anti-knock property辛烷值(RON) Research Octane Number 过量空气系数coefficient of excessive air 理论混合气theoretical mixture稀混合气thin mixture浓混合气thick mixture主供油系统main supply system怠速系统idle system加浓系统thickening system加速系统accelerating system浮子float浮子室float chamber针阀needle valve量孔metering jet阻风门choke滤芯filter cartridge沉淀杯sediment cup泵膜pump diaphragm油浴式oil bath type石棉垫a**estos pad预热pre-heating汽油直接喷射gasoline direct injection 电控electronic control多点喷射muti-point injection单点喷射single point injection电路控制circuit control分电器信号distributor signal空气流量信号airflow signal冷却水温信号water temperature signal 第五章柴油机供给系输油泵transfer pump喷油泵fuel injection pump高压油管high pressure fuel pipe发火性ignition property黏度viscosity凝点condensing point备燃期pri-combustion period速燃期rapid combustion period缓燃期slow combustion period燃烧室combustion chamber统一燃烧室united chamber球形燃烧室ball shape chamber涡流室turbulence chamber预燃室pri-combustion chamber喷油器injector精密偶件precise couple柱塞plunger出油阀delivery valve调速器governor两速调速器two speed governor全速调速器full speed governor定速调速器fixed speed governor综合调速器combined governor气动调速器pneumatic governor机械离心式调速器mechanical centrifugal governor 复合式调速器complex governor喷油提前角调节装置advancer飞块flyweight联轴节coupling粗滤清器primary filter细滤清器secondary filter涡轮增压器turbocharger中间冷却器intermediate cooler第七章冷却系节温器thermostat防冻液anti-freezing liquid补偿水桶compensation reservoirV-带V belt百叶窗shutter大循环big circulation小循环small circulation散热翅片fins第八章润滑系润滑剂lubricant压力润滑pressure lubrication飞溅润滑splash lubrication润滑脂grease机油压力传感器oil pressure sensor油封oil seal旁通阀bypass valve机油散热器oil cooler机油尺dip stick加机油口oil filler曲轴箱通风crankcase ventilation第九章点火系一次绕组primary winding二次绕组secondary winding热敏电阻heat sensitive resistance点火提前ignition advance分电器distributor活动触点moving contact固定触点fixed contact分火头distributor rotor arm电容器condenser点火提前装置ignition advancer离心式点火提前装置centrifugal ignition advancer 真空式点火提前装置vacuum ignition advancer辛烷值校正器octane number rectifier中心电极central electrode侧电极side electrode瓷绝缘体ceramic insulator跳火间隙spark gap半导体点火系semi-conductor ignition system晶体管transistor二极管diode三极管triode无触点点火系non-contact ignition system霍尔效应Hall effect正极板anode负极板cathode隔板separator电解液electrolyte蓄电池格battery cell接线柱terminal电缆cable硅整流交流发电机silicon rectified A.C. motor转子rotor定子stator电刷brush风扇叶轮fan blade电压调节器voltage regulator第十章起动系手摇起动cranking电热塞electric heater plug串激直流发电机serial wound D.C. motor起动齿圈starter ring电磁操纵机构electro-magnetic control第十一章新型发动机三角活塞triangular piston转子发动机rotary engine自转rotary motion, rotation公转orbit motion轨迹trajectory齿轮gear齿圈ring gear往复零件reciprocal parts动平衡dynamic balance燃气涡轮发动机gas turbine第十二章汽车传动系机械式传动系mechanical transmission液力机械式传动系hydro-mechanical transmission 静液式传动系static-hydraulic transmission电力式传动系electrical transmission自动式传动系automatic transmission减速reduction可变速比variable ratios有级变速definite ratios无级变速indefinite ratios无级变速器(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission 一般布置general layout发动机横置lateral engine positioning分动器transfer case, transfer box第十三章离合器接合柔和smooth engagement分离彻底thorough separation过载overload摩擦表面friction surface摩擦衬片friction liner毂hub主动部分driving part从动部分driven part花键spline压盘pressure plate离合器盖cover plate分离杠杆release lever分离套筒release sleeve分离轴承release bearing主缸master cylinder工作缸working cylinder分离叉release fork间隙调整clearance adjustment打滑slip踏板pedal踏板自由行程pedal free stroke踏板工作行程pedal working stroke铆钉，铆接rivet双片离合器dual disc clutch中央弹簧离合器central spring clutch膜片弹簧离合器diaphragm spring clutch 非线性non-linear第十四章变速器与分动器输入轴（第一轴）input shaft, drive shaft 输出轴（第二轴）output shaft, main shaft 中间轴counter shaft倒挡轴reverse gear shaft常啮合constant mesh低速挡low gear高速挡high gear最高速挡top gear空挡neutral gear一挡the first gear二挡the second gear三挡the third gear倒挡reverse gear直接挡direct gear超速挡overdrive动力输出power take-off换挡shift啮合套sliding sleeve同步器synchronizer同步锥面synchro cone变速杆shifting lever手柄handle球铰链ball joint换挡拨叉shifting fork自锁self-lock互锁inter-lock变速驱动桥transaxle加力挡low gear第十五章液力机械传动液力偶合器hydraulic coupling泵轮impeller涡轮turbine叶片blade液力变矩器torque converter导轮stator行星齿轮系planetary gear system太阳轮sun gear行星轮planet pinion行星架planet carrier齿圈ring gear第十六章传动轴万向节universal joint, U-joint十字轴式万向节Cardan type U-joint叉子yoke, fork十字轴spider, center cross滚针轴承needle bearing滑脂嘴（油嘴）lubricating fitting, nipple等角速constant angular velocity双联式万向节dual Cardan type U-joint球叉式万向节Weiss type U-joint球笼式万向节Rzeppa type U-joint星形套inner race housing球形壳outer race shell保持架，球笼retainer, ball cage挠性万向节flexible U-joint无缝钢管seamless steel tube第十七章驱动桥主减速器final drive主动（小）齿轮drive pinion从动（大）齿轮ring gear伞齿轮bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear单级减速single reduction双级减速double reduction贯通式主减速器penetrable final drive双速主减速器double gear (speed) final drive 轮边减速器wheel reduction差速器differential半轴齿轮differential side gear差速锁differential lock轴间差速器inter-axle differential lock托森差速器torque sensitive differential。