考研英语：翻译真题精讲6
考研英语翻译真题解析ppt课件
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
46.Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。
【参考译文】 科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据
迅速来拯救（鸟类），其大意是：如果鸟类 无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们 人类。
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of ecnomic advantage to us。
【词汇理解】
foestry林业;ecologically(从生态上 来说)，advanced(先进的，发达的)，be recognized as(看作是)，native forest community(原始森林群落)，as such(类似地，这样地)within reason(合理范围内)。
《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下)Unit 6课文
Unit Six Culture ShockKalvero ObergCulture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home.Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in the process.During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new. They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners.This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months, depending on circumstances. If one is very important, he or she will be shown the show places, will be pampered and petted, and in a press interview will speak glowingly about goodwill and international friendship.But this mentality does not normally last if the foreign visitor remains abroad and has seriously to cope with real conditions of life. It is then that the second stage begins, characterized by a hostile and aggressive attitude toward the host country. This hostility evidently grows out of the genuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment. There are house troubles, transportation troubles, shopping troubles, and the fact that people in the host country are largely indifferent to all these troubles. They help, but they don't understand your great concern over these difficulties. Therefore, they must be insensitive and unsympathetic to you and your worries. The result, “I just don't like them.” You become aggressive, you band together with others from your country and criticize the host country, its ways, and its people. But this criticism is not an objective appraisal. Instead of trying to account for the conditions and the historical circumstances which have created them, you talk as if the difficulties you experience are more or less created by the people of the host country for your special discomfort.You take refuge in the colony of others from your country which often becomes the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels known as stereotypes. This is a peculiar kind of offensive shorthand which caricatures the host country and its people in a negative manner. The "dollar grasping American" and the "indolent Latin Americans“are samples of mild forms of stereotypes. The second stage of culture shock is in a sense a crisis in the disease. If you come out of it, you stay; if not, you leave before you reach the stage of a nervous breakdown.If visitors succeed in getting some knowledge of the language and begin to get around by themselves, they are beginning to open the way into the new cultural environment. Visitors still have difficulties but they take a "this is my problem and I have to bear it" attitude. Usually in this stage visitors take a superior attitude to people of the host country. Their sense of humor begins to exert itself. Instead of criticizing, they joke about the people and even crack jokes about their own difficulties. They are now on the way to recovery.In the fourth stage, your adjustment is about as complete as it can be. The visitor now accepts the customs of the country as just another way of living. You operate within the new surroundings without a feeling of anxiety, although there are moments of social strain. Only with a complete grasp of all the cues of social intercourse will this strain disappear. For a long time the individual will understand what the national is saying but is not always sure what the national means. With a complete adjustment you not only accept the food, drinks, habits, and customs, but actually begin to enjoy them. When you go home on leave, you may even take things back with you; and if you leave for good, you generally miss the country and the people to whom you became accustomed.。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译copyright
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1.copyright ['kɔpi,rait]n./a. 版权（的）[真题例句]Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. （2008考研英语阅读Text2）参考译文：版权属于杂志社，其他研究人员要知道他们的研究成果，必须订阅该杂志。
2.upright ['ʌprait, ,ʌp'r-]a. 垂直的，直立的；正直的，诚实的ad. 竖立着【同义词】honest vertical【真题例句】Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedalposture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.（2008阅读3）参考译文：此外，尽管人类已直立行走了几百万年，但两足和背部仍继续同两足行走的姿势相抗衡，因而难以轻易承受过大过长的肢体反复施加的压力。
3.rectangle['rek,tæŋɡl]n. ［数］矩形，长方形【同义词】【真题例句】4.rectify ['rektifai]v. 纠正，整顿，［化］精馏【同义词】correct straighten up【真题例句】The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. （2014 Text4）参考译文:全面的开支检讨为政府提供机会，协助纠正这一情况。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读C译文unit6
新世纪研究⽣公共英语阅读C译⽂unit6⼈体研究欧⽂-S-李对于⼈体的研究——甚⾄是科学的研究——是古⽼⽽可敬的，可以追溯到亚⾥斯多德时代，希波克拉底时代，再往前还可以追溯到更加模糊的开始。
今天，它是知识界的主要学科之⼀。
像我们的其他活动⼀样，它可以分为两⽅⾯：成功的⼀⽅⾯和不成功的⼀⽅⾯。
在⼴义上，考虑到许多重要的例外情况，可以说⼈体研究成功的⼀⽅⾯与医学有关，⽽它的不成功的⼀⽅⾯与哲学和社会科学有关。
这些关系不仅与历史有关，⽽且也与⽅法、态度和传统有关。
医学的以及医学科学的成功绝⾮轻⽽易举的事情；在经历了⽆数次失败之后，它们是许许多多熟练的内科医⽣中最优秀最幸运的那些⼈留下来的遗产和成果。
尽管常常受到迂腐、⽆能和江湖骗术的妨碍，在邪恶时代，它们甚⾄长期桎梏医学知识的积累，然⽽⾃从希波克拉底以来，⾄少没有完全放弃熟练⾏医的传统⼀⼀⼀种理论和实践相结合的传统。
这个传统是不可或缺的，尤其是在以下三个⽅⾯。
⾸先，希波克拉底教导我们，医⽣应该在病房⾥⽽不是在实验室⾥付出艰⾟的持久的智慧的负责任的不懈的劳动，即医⽣全⾝⼼地适应这项⼯作。
这种适应远远不只是聪明不聪明的问题，它主要是通过建⽴条件反射来实现的。
在熟悉任何材料或者掌握任何媒介的有效⼯作⽅法时，这样的东西似乎是必不可少的⼀部分。
第⼆，希波克拉底教会我们准确地观察事物和事件；根据熟悉的明显的反复出现的现象做出判断，在这⼀判断的指导下做出选择；对事物和事件进⾏分类，有条不紊地利⽤它们。
第三，希波克拉底教会我们审慎地构建⼀种理论——并不是哲学理论，也不是漫⽆边际的想像，更不是准宗教教条，⽽是⼀种朴实⽆华、路⼈皆知的东西。
或许我这样说更好⼀些：是⼀种有⽤的帮助⼈⾏⾛的拐杖。
所有这些总结起来就是：内科医⽜⾸先必须对于事物有亲⾝的习惯性的直觉的了解；第⼆，对于事物必须有系统的认识；第三，必须有⼀种有效的思考事物的⽅法。
经验表明，此乃通向成功之路。
长期以来，在研究疾病的时候⼈们⼀直遵循这⼀⽅法，然⽽在研究⽇常⽣活中他经历时⼏乎根本没有遵循过。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT6课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)
UNIT6What does it feel like to help dying patients through their final days? Experience it through the eyes of hospice nurse Jill Campbell, who does her job with grace, compassion, and gratitude.1.Outside, it's noisy on this busy block of row houses in Baltimore. But inside one tidy living room, all is quiet except for the sound of a woman's raspy breathing. The patient is huddled in an easy chair under a handmade pink-and-blue afghan, a knit cap on her head and booties on her feet. She has trouble staying warm these days. Her cancer has returned with a vengeance and she has only a few weeks to life. Hospice nurse Jill Campbell kneels down beside her patient, listens to her breathing, and then checks her blood pressure. Campbell has already hauled in oxygen tanks, showed family members how to work them, organized the medicine, and assessed how her patient has been eating and sleeping.2.But now is a moment to connect one-on-one. Campbell wraps her hands aro und the woman’s hands and rubs them together to warm them. She looks into her face. “are you feeling a little better?” she asks softly.3.Getting to know her patients and helping them through the toughest time of their lives is what Campbell, 43, appreciates most about being a hospice nurse. “I don’t know of another position where you can do more for people,” she says.4.Her patients have all been told that they have six months or less to live. Rather than continue with often-difficult or painful treatments that probably won’t extend their lives, they have decided to stop trying for a cure. Instead, with the help of hospice care, they’ll focus on comfort and on living whatever they have left of their lives to the fullest ---usually in their own home.5.Being able to die at home is a major part of the appeal of hospice, but patients and family members may not see it that way at first. “A lot of people still view hospice as giving up and letting the disease in,” says Campbell. That’s why the decision to c all in hospice care can be an incredibly difficult one for a family to make. Once they do, though, most patients and their families soon understand the value of having a team of dedicated professionals---including social workers, health aides, chaplains, and nurses---work together to provide not only physical but also emotional and spiritual support. 帮助即将离世的患者度过最后的时光会是怎样的感受呢？让我们借助吉尔·坎贝尔的所见经历这一切吧。
研究生学位英语课文全文翻译-unit6
Unit6 和自然和睦相处温德尔·伯利1和他们的对手工业经济的保护者一样，大自然的保护者有时也认为自然和人类是完全不同完全不相关联的两个实体。
就像工业家常常明确表明他们致力于对自然的完全占有或者如同他们所说，彻底征服自然一样，他们所说，彻底征服自然一样，大自然的保护者往往反对任何人类对大自然的侵犯。
大自然的保护者往往反对任何人类对大自然的侵犯。
2这两种极端对立的观点是危险的，最好是让人们意识到自然和人类彼此毫无关联的设想只是一种纯粹的理念；而实际情况并非如此。
3纯自然的环境不适合人类生活，人类不愿意也不能在此环境中长期生活，如果我们身处恶劣的气候达几个小时之久，就会渴望得到一些生活的必需品，抵御风寒的衣物、住所、熟食、亲友的陪伴——甚至想洗个热水澡，看看书，听听音乐。
4纯人文的环境同样也不适合人类生活，人类也不想长久地生活于这种环境之中。
很显然人类所处的环境越人造化，“天然”这个词就越被人珍视。
确实，我们可以说，我们当今的自然资源保护运动在很大程度上是工业革命的产物。
然资源保护运动在很大程度上是工业革命的产物。
渴望得到新鲜的空气，渴望得到新鲜的空气，渴望得到新鲜的空气，清澈的溪流，清澈的溪流，看到原始森林，大草原和大沙漠的人是哪些不再享有这些自然资源的人们。
5人们不可能离开自然生活，这是生态环境保护主义者的重要观点，，这是生态环境保护主义者的重要观点，但是人们又不可能在纯但是人们又不可能在纯自然的环境中生活而不对它作丝毫的改造。
这一点也适用于所有的生物。
人和其它生物都依赖于自然并且需要改造自然。
从某种意义上讲，我们所说的自然是各种各样生物和自然的力量在它们错综复杂的活动相互影响和变化的过程中所造成的变化的总和。
因为有了啄木鸟，自然就因此而有所不同，自然也因为有了生活在树干中的穿孔虫和蚂蚁以及在树下土壤里的细菌而有所不同，这些不同的组合就形成了世界。
6有些野生动物制造的变化是有利的，海狸制造水塘是出了名的，这些水塘后来成了肥沃的牧场，树和草原上的草可以防止水土流失。
研究生英语精读Unit6课后答案+课文翻译
Unit 6l. Comprehension Checki l.B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B l0.A Fii (略) iii (略)lI. Vocabulary Studyi 1. As a matter of fact 2. are plagued 3. versus 4. have been reflecting on5. positive6. is implementing7. will enroll8. has been enriched9. aspiration 10. academic ll. wel1-informed 12. commitment toiil. relevance to 2. voiced 3. plague 4. enhance 5. ref1ected6. otherwise7. aspirations8. rated9. strengthened l0. has been decliningiii1.d2.c3.f4.h5.g6.c7.a8.blII. Clozel.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.A l0.Dll.C 12.B l3.A l4.B l5.D l6.B l7.B 18.C l9.C 20.BlV. Translationl. Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.2. The discovery of gold in the va1leys will enrich the poor mountain area.3. Only when the police confronted her with evidence did she admited that she had sto1en the money.4. The meeting wi1l afford you an opportunity of hearing good pub1ic speakers.5. An official statement laid to rest the remaining fears about possible redundancies in the industry.6. Mary is pretty bright. As a matter of fact, her teacher told me that she is certain to get a university place this year.V. Writing Practicel. l) Computers are advanced machines that can store and recall information at very high speed. Computers are easy and interesting to use; however, some people are afraid of computers. I used to be afraid of computers, too, because of the fear of failure and because I knew nothing about Programming. But actually I have learned that the procedures of working on computers are very easy.2) When we were very young, we believed that parents could do no wrong. Indeed, they seemed to us to be perfect human beings who knew all the answers to our problems and who cou1d solve any problems that we had. However, as we grow older, we find that parents can make mistakes, too.3) Today's children are our future men and women. They will become the dominant force one day. If they receive proper guidance and have a nice childhood, they will contribute immeasurably to our society after they have grown up. In other words, today's children are going tohave a significant impact on our society in the future; therefore, parents should not neglect the proper conditions that children need during their childhood.2.(略)Key to supplementary readingA l.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.DB l.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T l0.T参考译文社会服务经历时大学生的影响琳达J 萨克斯大学期间，参加社会服务的学生比不参加社会服务的学生更能提高自己的领导能力和社交方面的自信。
研究生英语Unit 6 Matriculation Fixation
Unit 6Matriculation Fixation Vocabularylanguish garner (L. 7) rue (L.14) feignexude shudder dragoon •wear on•carve out•tick off•follow suit •poke fun at (L. 118) •fork over (L. 128)languishvi.be or become weak; lose strength or vigorTruth may languish, but can never perish. 真理可能衰微,但不会灭亡garnervt. to obtain as a result of effortShe garnered large profits from her unique invention.The issue of corruption in sport has garnered attention for a long time.ruevt. to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow forIndia's ruling Congress party will rue its decision to contest Parliamentary seats alone in eastern Bihar state.Eventually, even with significant changes, all of America will rue the day if the Senate passes this troublesome bill and it is voted into law.spawnn. a young animal or childv. cause or lead to 致使，导致The tyranny spawned widespread rebellion.feignvt. give a false appearanceAt that time he had no way out, but he had to feign madness and act like an idiot.那时他别无他法，只好装疯卖傻。
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考研英语：翻译真题精讲(６）————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期:ﻩ考研英语:翻译真题精讲(６)一、全真试题Almost all ouｒ maｊor probｌemｓｉnｖolve hｕman behavｉor，ａnｄthey caｎｎｏt bｅsｏｌvｅd by physical ａnd bioloｇicaｌ technｏｌoｇy aｌonｅ. Ｗｈat iｓ needed iｓ a technolｏgy ｏｆ behavior，ｂut ｗe have ｂeen sｌoｗｔo dｅvelop tｈe ｓciｅnce froｍｗhich ｓuｃｈａｔeｃｈnｏloｇy mｉｇht be drawn.６1）Ｏnｅ dｉfｆｉｃｕlｔy ｉｓｔhat ａlmost aｌl of what is caｌｌed behavioｒａl scienｃe ｃoｎtinues to trace ｂehavior to states of mind,fｅelings，traｉｔs ｏf ｃharａcter,ｈumａn naｔｕre，aｎd sｏｏn.Physiｃｓ and b ｉｏlogｙoncｅ folｌoweｄ simiｌar pracｔicｅs anｄ aｄvaｎｃed onｌy whｅｎｔｈey dｉscaｒｄｅd them.62）Ｔｈｅbehaviｏrａｌ sｃienceｓhave bｅen s ｌoｗｔo chaｎge ｐarｔlｙｂecａuｓe ｔhe explanaｔory itｅms oftｅn seeｍ t ｏｂｅdirectly obｓeｒvｅd ａｎd ｐａｒtly becauｓｅ otheｒ kｉnds ｏf expl ａｎations haｖｅ beｅn hard to fiｎd.Tｈe eｎvironment iｓ obviｏｕｓlｙ im ｐortant，buｔ itｓ roｌe has remained ｏbｓcure. Iｔ doｅs not ｐusｈoｒpull,ｉｔｓelects，and tｈｉs fuｎｃtion is difficult tｏ discovｅr aｎd analy ｚｅ.63）Ｔhｅ role oｆｎａｔural selｅｃtｉoｎ iｎ evolutioｎ waｓformulat ｅｄ only a ｌittle ｍoｒe ｔhaｎ a huｎdred years agｏ,and the selｅｃtｉv ｅ rolｅ of ｔhe eｎvirｏnment ｉn ｓｈaｐing ａnd mainｔaining the bｅhaｖiｏｒ of the iｎdｉvｉduａl is onｌy ｂegｉｎninｇto be recognizｅd and ｓｔudied.As the interaｃtｉｏｎ beｔwｅen ｏrganisｍａｎd ｅnｖironment has cｏme to be undersｔood,hｏwevｅr,eｆｆecｔs ｏｎcｅａｓsignｅｄｔo statｅs of ｍi ｎｄ，feelinｇs,and traits aｒe begｉnniｎg ｔo bｅｔｒaceｄ tｏａccessｉbｌe conｄiｔions，anｄ a ｔeｃhnologｙ of ｂｅhavｉor may thereｆorｅ become avai ｌablｅ．It will ｎoｔsolvｅour pｒobleｍs,however,uｎtｉｌ it ｒｅｐlaces ｔraｄitiｏnal prｅscientifｉｃ vieｗs,aｎd ｔheｓe are ｓｔrongly enｔrｅnched. Frｅeｄom and dignitｙｉｌlｕstrate thｅｄifficｕｌｔy.64)Ｔｈeｙａｒe ｔｈｅ poｓseｓｓｉｏns oｆｔhｅａutｏnomｏus（sｅｌf-goverｎｉｎg）ｍan oｆｔra ｄｉtiｏnaｌ theory,ａnd they ａre ｅｓｓential to ｐracｔiｃeｓ in whｉch a person iｓ heｌd ｒｅspoｎｓiblｅfor his coｎｄuct and ｇｉvｅn cｒｅdｉｔｆor his aｃhieveｍｅnts.A scｉｅntｉfic aｎaｌysis shｉｆts ｂoth thｅ respo ｎsibｉlｉtｙ and the achieveｍｅnt to thｅenviroｎｍeｎt. It aｌso ｒaises quｅstｉｏnｓ conｃeｒning “values”. Who will use a teｃhｎolｏｇy and to wｈat eｎdｓ?65)Untｉl thｅse iｓｓueｓ arｅ resｏｌveｄ，a ｔechnolｏgy of beｈａｖior wｉｌl cｏntinuｅｔo bｅreｊected，and ｗith ｉｔｐoｓsibly the only way to solve our proｂｌｅms.二、翻译题解（61）Onｅdｉｆficuｌtyiｓtｈatalｍoｓt all ofwhatiｓcalleｄ beｈａvｉoｒal sciｅnceｃoｎtｉnuｅｓｔｏtraｃｅbehaｖioｒto sｔateｓ of mｉｎd, feeli ｎｇs，ｔraits of chａｒａcteｒ, huｍaｎｎaｔuｒｅ, and so oｎ.句子拆分:拆分点参考：从属连词，谓语动词One ｄifｆiｃulｔy is //ｔhaｔ aｌmost alｌ oｆ what is calｌｅd behaｖiｏrａｌｓｃiｅnｃｅ// cｏnｔinｕeｓｔo ｔrａcｅ behavioｒ to ｓtateｓ of mｉｎｄ, fｅelｉngs, traｉts of chaｒacter, huｍａｎｎaｔuｒe, ａnｄｓo on.解析：（1）主干结构是One ｄｉfｆiｃulｔｙ is tｈａｔ．..（２）alｍost all of what iｓ called bｅhaviorａl sciｅｎｃe是表语从句中的主语部分，后面是简单的谓语和宾语结构。
词的处理:ｃonｔinues to tracｅ beｈavioｒｔo ...继续针对……研究行为behavioral scｉenｃe行为科学states of mind心态,意识状态feelｉnｇｓ感情tｒaitｓｏｆ chaｒacter性格特点技巧点拨:(1)what和ｔhat引导的名词性从句直接翻译均可,无需调整顺序。
(2)减词法:短语states ｏf ｍind（心理状态)、ｔｒaiｔs of character(性格特征）、ｈuman natｕre（人类本性）均可以采用减词法,分别翻译成两个字的形式:“心态”“性格”“人性”，朗朗上口，符合汉语对仗的习惯。
完整译文：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格(特征)、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
（62）Tｈe behaｖioraｌｓciencｅshaｖe beenslｏw to ｃｈanｇe ｐartlｙbeca ｕsetｈe explaｎatory itｅｍs oｆtｅnseｅmto bｅdirectｌｙｏbserved ａnd part ｌybecausｅothｅr ｋinds of explanaｔiｏnｓhave beenhａrd to fiｎｄ．句子拆分:拆分点参考：连词Thｅｂehａviｏral sciｅncｅs ｈave bｅｅn sloｗto ｃhanｇe／/partｌｙbecauｓe thｅ eｘｐlaｎaｔory itｅms ofｔen ｓeeｍｔｏｂe diｒeｃtly observed aｎｄ／/ｐartlｙｂecause oｔｈer kinｄs of eｘpｌanatioｎｓ have been haｒd to find．解析:(1）主句是The ｂeｈavioｒal ｓciｅnces hａｖe bｅeｎｓlｏｗ to change。
（2)and连接两个并列的原因状语从句:ｐartly because .．． and partly beｃause .．.。
词的处理:the explａnａtｏry ｉteｍｓ用以解释的要素、依据(内容,项目)otheｒｋｉnds of expｌａnatｉｏnｓ其他解释方式技巧点拨:（1）汉语中习惯前因后果,故原则上本句中的原因状语需要翻译到主句之前；但也有例外,我们可以借助词汇进行处理，用六个字“之所以...．..是因为（原因是)...．..”,这样就不需要对原文大动干戈了。
（2）被动语态to be ｄiｒectly obｓerved（直接被观察到)，可采用省略“被”字的翻译方法，译为“直接观察到”，这在汉语中与“水可以直接喝”类似,都是用主动的词汇表达被动的意思。
(3)两个原因状语从句的主语并列,可以在翻译的时候相互印证借鉴,如explａｎａtoｒｙ itemｓ翻译成“解释依据”对大多数同学来说难度很大,但是与其并列的ｏｔher kinds ｏf expｌanａtioｎs提示考生ｅxplanatory iｔems翻译成explｎationｓ也算正确,因为它们是并列的,意思也应一致。
完整译文:行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
(63)The role ｏｆｎaｔｕraｌ seｌectｉon in ｅｖｏｌutioｎ／／was form ｕlａｔedonly a ｌittle morｅthaｎａｈｕndred yeａrｓａｇｏ, //anｄthe s ｅlectivｅ role of the ｅｎｖｉronment in ｓhapinｇand maｉntaiｎing thｅ b ｅhａvｉｏr of thｅ indivｉduaｌ//ｉsonｌy begiｎｎｉng tｏ bｅ recognｉｚｅd ａnd studｉｅｄ.句子拆分:拆分点参考:谓语动词,连词The rｏｌe of ｎatuｒal ｓelectioｎｉn evolｕtioｎ//was fｏrmuｌａted onｌy a lｉttle mｏre thａn ａ hundred yeａrs ago, //and tｈe selecｔive role oｆ th ｅ environmeｎt iｎ shaping and mａinｔaｉnｉng the bｅhaｖｉor ｏf the ｉndivi ｄual//is ｏnｌy begｉnning ｔo be rｅcogｎizeｄaｎd ｓtudｉed.解析：（1）本句为并列复合句,是由anｄ连接的两个简单句构成的。