2017考研英语 阅读理解精读100篇(高分版)
2017考研英语阅读理解精读P7—教育学
2017考研英语阅读理解精读P7—教育学Passage 7As colleges and universities send another wave of graduates out into the world this spring, thousands of other job seekers with liberal-arts degrees like Martin's find themselves in a similar bind. True enough, this is an era of record-breaking lows in unemployment. But technology companies, which are contributing the lion's share of new jobs, are simultaneously declaring a shortage of qualified workers. The emphasis is on the word qualified.It's no surprise that high-tech companies rarely hire liberal-arts graduates. "Our p.r. people, our marketers, even our attorneys have technical talent," says Tracy Koon, director of corporate affairs at Intel. The need for technical expertise is so pervasive that even retailers are demanding such skills. "Company-wide, we're looking for students with specific information-systems skills," says David McDearmon, director of field human resources at Dollar Tree Stores. "Typically we shy away from independent-college students who don't have them."Fortunately for Martin, some invaluable help was at hand when he needed it. The Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, a network of 15 liberal-arts colleges in the state, has teamed up with local companies to bridge the learning gap faced by its members' graduates. VFIC invited 30 companies, including First Union and Electronic Data Systems, to link the needs of businesses with the skills being taught in college classrooms. With grants from corporate sponsors like A T&T, VFIC asked 20 information-technology managers to help its members create an exam, based on the work students will be expected to do in the real world, to test and certify their technological proficiency.The result, Tek.Xam, is an eight-part test that requires students to design a website, build and analyze spreadsheets, research problems on the Internet and demonstrate understanding of legal and ethical issues. Says Linda Dalch, president of VFIC: "If an art-history major wants a job at a bank, he needs to prove he has the skills. That's where this credential can help." This year 245 students at VFIC's member colleges have gone through the program. The long-term hope is that Tek.Xam will win the same kind of acceptance as the LSAT or CPA for law or accounting students. "To know a student has taken the initiative and passed could mean that less training is needed," explains John Rudin, chief information officer at Reynolds Metals, one of the corporations that helped create the test.All this begs an important question: Has the traditional liberal-arts curriculum become obsolete? College presidents naturally argue that the skills their schools provide are invaluable. A B.A. degree, says Mary Brown Bullock of Atlanta's Agnes Scott College, "gives graduates the ability to reinvent themselves time and time again...and the knowledge and thinking skills that transcend a particular discipline or time frame."Martin is finding that to be the truth. "It would be nice to have computer classes on my transcript," he says, but Tek.Xam has armed him with the power to learn those skills on his own--and a credential to show he has done so. He's now waiting to hear when his job as a network-support assistant for a large Boston firm will start.注(1)：文选自Time;05/17/99, p92H;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象为2002年真题text 3;1. The main problem many liberal-arts students face in job seeking is ____________.[A] too much competition in job market[B] their lack of technical expertise[C] company’s discrimination against liberal-arts students[D] the recording-breaking unemployment rate2. It can be inferred from the text that _____________.[A] in the modern era, technical talent means everything in securing a job[B] independent colleges are not giving their students proper educationt[C] retailers are following the fashion only to promote sales[D] there is a big demand for students with technical skills3. Tek-Xam is designed to _____________.[A] offer VFIC members’graduates more job opportunities[B] compete with LSAT and CPA[C] help students cope with real world problems[D] test students’technical skills4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that ____________.[A] liberal arts education still proves valuable to students[B] Tek-Xam is gaining wide acceptance among employers and students alike[C] Technology companies are eager to promote Tek-Xam[D] computer classes will be excluded from the curriculum of liberal-arts students5. From the text we can see that the writer seems____________.[A] positive[B] suspicious[C] pessimistic[D] disapproving答案：B D D A A篇章剖析：本篇文章是说明文，主要介绍当前就业市场对技术知识的巨大需求以及为应对这种需求而设立的“技术考试”。
英语阅读理解精读100篇UNIT10
UNIT TENTEXT ONEWhen Princeton, the University of Virginia, and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissions options because they gave an unfair advantage to affluent students, many college counselors held their breath. Would early decision go the way of kegs in dormitories? Not for now, at least. Early admission is still going strong at many colleges and universities, including many top-tier schools.Early decision in particular--in which a student commits to a first-choice institution--is often touted as a plus for both schools and students. Colleges can lock up half of their class before January, and acceptance rates are typically higher than under regular admission. The major drawback of early decision is that it leaves students who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in the cold. By applying early, you must enroll if accepted, so comparing awards with those of other schools is out of the question. Schools like that, of course, because it helps their bottom line. But there is a possible end run: Ask if a school will release you from your obligation should its aid package fall short. In some cases, a school will roll you into the regular admission pool, allowing for comparison shopping come springtime.While some schools admit almost the same percentage of applicants during early and regular admission, many favor the early pool. Johns Hopkins University took 44 percent from its early round and 24 percent from the regular pool. Early birds at Hopkins make up a third of this fall's freshman class.Nonetheless, college counselors have seen borderline students get a boost by applying early decision. "If they aren't legacies, athletes, or an underrepresented minority, early decision may be the only hook that some students have," says Jim Conroy, chair of post-high-school counseling at New Trier Township High School in Winnetka, Ill. But you need to be realistic. "If a school is out of your reach, it's out of reach whether you apply early decision, early action, or regular admission," says Sarah Wilburn, a college counselor at Campus Bound in Quincy, Mass. "Move on and set some new goals."Advantage or not, applying early decision makes sense only if you're convinced that a school is a good fit for you. Erin Murray decided to apply to Dartmouth early despite the advice of her college counselor and others. They wanted her to beef up her transcript after she had spent a semester of high school in Italy. But the teenager from Cheyenne, Wyo., wisely played up her experience abroad (her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores didn't hurt, either) and was accepted. "I probably would have fit well at a number of schools," she admits, "but Dartmouth was the only place I could see myself walking across the greens. It was a gut reaction."If you lack the same certainty but clinching a slot before New Year's is appealing, consider other early admissions plans. Early action is a nonbinding alternative that allows you to apply by November 1 and hear back before the regular application deadline. Some highly selective schools require that you submit only one early action application--called single-choice early action--meaning you can't apply early elsewhere. Another option is to apply early to rolling admissions, where an application that arrives in the fall may stand out more than one that arrives with most of the others in January.1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision?[A] Early decision is a common strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.[B] Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.[C] Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes and minorities.[D] Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_____[A] students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.[B] it excludes students who are from lower social class or poor family background.[C] it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.[D] it excludes students who want to have comparison shopping.3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that_____[A] early decision is not so advantageous as people think. [B] students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.[C] students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision.[D] students should not limit themselves in early decision.4.Wyo applied to Dartmouthbecause_____[A] she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad. [B] the university’s beautiful lawn aroused her affection.[C] she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.[D] her 4.0 GPA and top-notch board scores were not so ideal.5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_____[A] applying to early action.[B] applying to rolling admissions.[C] applying to early decision.[D] applying single-choice early action.文章剖析：这篇文章主要讲述了美国的提前择校制度。
2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案下面是为大家整理的考研英语阅读理解真题，希望对大家有所帮助。
Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker，while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom，we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske，In fact women say they feel better a t wor k. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without，but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home，whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men，the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home， they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women，it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty muchknow what they're supposed to be doing：working，making money，doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure：Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done，there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers，threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus， they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite， the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home ______.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the factthat ______.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means ______.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded【参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B【主要内容】本文主要讲述工作环境压力问题。
【2017考研】考研英语阅读理解150篇(详解版)
目录Unit One---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 PartA--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1Text1儿童教育和沟通结合-----------------------------------------------------------------1Text2克隆人和动物--------------------------------------------------------------------------6Text3太阳系内速度限制--------------------------------------------------------------------11Text4互联网和电脑等新型通讯技术的应用--------------------------------------------15 Part B盗窃--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20Part C撒谎--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25翻译技巧补充：英译汉概述（一）------------------------------------------------------29Unit Two----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32Text1加拿大社会的劣质服务---------------------------------------------------------------32 Text2未来汽车---------------------------------------------------------------------------------36Text3广告业是美国经济的晴雨表---------------------------------------------------------41 Text4英国学业间断期------------------------------------------------------------------------46Part B生命进化历史---------------------------------------------------------------------------51Part C情感商机---------------------------------------------------------------------------------56翻译技巧补充：英译汉概述（二）------------------------------------------------------60Unit Three--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63Text1美、加之间贸易摩擦------------------------------------------------------------------63 Text2现代人对维多利亚时代英国人的看法---------------------------------------------68 Text3探讨时尚---------------------------------------------------------------------------------72Text4基因检测法用于侦破案件------------------------------------------------------------76 Part B立法机构在制定法律过程中的作用------------------------------------------------81 Part C美国黑人文学---------------------------------------------------------------------------86翻译技巧补充：词义的选择----------------------------------------------------------------89Unit Four------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91 Part A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------91Text1五大湖环境状况--------------------------------------------------------------------------91 Text2欧洲铁路-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------95 Text3教师资格认证体系-----------------------------------------------------------------------99 Text4美国食品药品管理局面临的困难-----------------------------------------------------105 Part B网上商务-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------110 Part C物种灭绝-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------116翻译技巧补充：词义的抽象与具体---------------------------------------------------------119 Unit Five--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121 Part A-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------121 Text1鸡蛋中培养流感疫苗-----------------------------------------------------------------------121 Text2国际数学评估反映美国教育问题--------------------------------------------------------126 Text3美国经济不景气----------------------------------------------------------------------------131 Text4全国防止虐待儿童协会-------------------------------------------------------------------137 Part B经济学角度解决垃圾收集问题----------------------------------------------------------142 Part C个人发明和大企业组织的研究----------------------------------------------------------147翻译技巧补充：词性的转换---------------------------------------------------------------------151 Unit Six----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------153Part A--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------153Text1童工、教育和贫困--------------------------------------------------------------------------153 Text2加州能源管制--------------------------------------------------------------------------------158 Text3美国社会保障的私有化--------------------------------------------------------------------163 Text4现代美容手术的普及-----------------------------------------------------------------------167 Part B演讲--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------172 Part C幻听--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------177翻译技巧补充：词汇的增译和减译------------------------------------------------------------180 Unit Seven-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Text1全球经济滞胀----------------------------------------------------------------------------------183 Text2印度妇女受到性别歧视----------------------------------------------------------------------189 Text3梦成现实----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------193 Text4新的教育体制观念----------------------------------------------------------------------------198 Part B优秀的领导者----------------------------------------------------------------------------------202 Part C英国人是政治动物----------------------------------------------------------------------------208翻译技巧补充：重复译----------------------------------------------------------------------------211 Unit Eight----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Text1外表的美与内在的美--------------------------------------------------------------------------213 Text2生态环境与恐怖主义--------------------------------------------------------------------------218 Text3网络信息安全性--------------------------------------------------------------------------------223 Text4北美印第安音乐--------------------------------------------------------------------------------228 Part BB为青春期的变化做准备---------------------------------------------------------------------232 Part C地球日--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------237翻译技巧补充：正义反译和反义正译-----------------------------------------------------------240 Unit Nine------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------242 Part A-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------242 Text1美国解除飞机上使用手机的禁令-----------------------------------------------------------242 Text2环境预防原则-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------247 Text3索尼公司的管理--------------------------------------------------------------------------------253 Text4音乐与政治--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------258 Part B人类艺术与动物类似行为的区别----------------------------------------------------------263 Part C社会保障----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------270翻译技巧补充：分译与合译-----------------------------------------------------------------------273 Unit Ten-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Part A----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Text1戏剧包含的要素-------------------------------------------------------------------------------276 Text2节省更多时间来工作的观念----------------------------------------------------------------280 Text3巴西足球运动事业现状----------------------------------------------------------------------286 Text4游戏领域女性工作人员很少----------------------------------------------------------------292 Part B面试----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------297 Part C甘地的和平主义-------------------------------------------------------------------------------303翻译技巧补充：倒置法-----------------------------------------------------------------------------306 Unit Eleven--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------308 Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------308 Text1企业绿色外衣现象---------------------------------------------------------------------------308Text2音乐物质文化---------------------------------------------------------------------------------313Text3肥胖问题---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------317Text4美国在联合国欠费问题---------------------------------------------------------------------323Part B个人着装--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------327Part C年轻的作家模仿莎士比亚----------------------------------------------------------------333翻译技巧补充：插入法---------------------------------------------------------------------------336Unit Twelve-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------338Part A---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------338Text1新闻如何吸引读者--------------------------------------------------------------------------338Text2星际网络--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------343Text3荷兰艺术家及其作品-----------------------------------------------------------------------347Text4艾滋病最新治疗思路-----------------------------------------------------------------------352Part B成为成功的老板-----------------------------------------------------------------------------357Part C经济学史--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------363翻译技巧补充：重组法----------------------------------------------------------------------------365全书答案汇总------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3682007年6月26日张剑曾鸣编著《英语阅读理解150篇》Unit OnePart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1Not long after the telephone was invented,I assume,a call was placed.The caller was a parent saying,“your child is bullying my child,and I want it stopped!”The bully's parent replied,“you must have the wrong number.My child is a little angel.”A trillion phone calls later,the conversation is the same.When children are teased or tyrannized,the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant.But these days,as studies in the U.S.show bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline,researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever.Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and don't really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigate the world and resolve conflicts.When you call parents,you want them to“extract the cruelty”from their bullying children,says Laura Kavesh,a child psychologist in Evanston,Illinois.“But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel.They won t believe it.”In a recent police department survey in Oak Harbor,Washington,89%of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior.Yet only18%of parents thought their children would act as bullies.In a new U.S.PTA survey,5%of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying.But many educators warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted,causing tempers to flare.Instead,they say,parents should get objective outsiders,like principals,to mediate.Meanwhile,if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying,listen without getting defensive.That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley,California,did when a caller told her that her then13-year-old son had spit in another boy's food.Her son had confessed,but the victim's mom“wanted to make sure my son hadn't given her son a nasty disease,”says McHugh,who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDS and other diseases.She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote,but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his bad behaviour was being taken seriously.McHugh,founder of Parents Coach Kids,a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results.All were negative.Remember:once you make a call,you might not like what you hear.If you have an itchy dialing finger,resist temptation.Put it in your pocket.［419words］1.The word“bullying”probably means______.［A］frightening and hurting［B］teasing［C］behaving like a tyrant［D］laughing at2.Calling to a bully's parent.______.［A］has long existed but changed its content［B］is often done with careful thinking［C］often leads to blaming and misunderstanding［D］is used to warn the child not to do it again3.According to the surveys in the U.S.,_______.［A］bullying among adults is also rising［B］parents are not supervising their children well［C］parents seldom believe bullies［D］most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying4.When bullying occurs,parents should_______.［A］help the bulling child get rid of cruelty［B］resort to the mediator［C］avoid getting too protective［D］resist the temptation of callingura McHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.［A］her son confessed to being wrong［B］she was afraid to annoy the boy's parent［C］he was likely to be affected by these diseases［D］she wanted to teach her own son a lesson核心词汇blow away*①to completely surprise sb.,to affect intensely;overwhelm使大为惊讶；强烈影响，征服例：That concert blew me away.音乐会震撼了我。
考研英语阅读理解20171001
考研英语阅读理解20171001一、考研阅读理解昨天留的家庭作业:Quitting smoking is one of the healthiest things a person can do, especially for teenage smokers who battle not only addiction but also the social pressure to keep lighting up.Now new evidence that suggests a way to make their efforts easier: exercise. In a study involving 233 teens aged 14 to 19, teens who participated in a smoking cessation program combined with exercise were more likely to quit smoking than those who were provided only minimal stop-smoking counseling.Students were randomly assigned to one of three groups: one group got a single smoking cessation session; a second group got a more intensive, 10-week stop-smoking program known as Not On Tobacco (NOT); and a third received a combination of NOT and fitness education. After three months, nearly 14% of the teens in the combination group had quit, compared with only 5% in the first group and 11% of the second.The third group consisted only of five minutes of additional advice about exercise given at each weekly session. The participants were counseled on how physical activity can maintain good health and possibly help in giving up cigarettes. The students didn't exercise during the NOT sessions, but scheduled and participated in physical activity on their own, outside of the program.The effect of the additional information on exercise was most striking among boys. It didn't hold for the girls, however. More girls in the NOT alone program quit smoking after three months than those getting smoking and exercise counseling. Horn, aprofessor of community medicine, can't explain the gender difference. But she suggests that it may have something to do with the fact that teen girls don't engage in as much vigorous physical activity or organized sports as boys do.Still the results suggest that exercise might help motivate at least some teens, including girls. "Even a small amount of time spent by counselors in motivating kids toward increased physical activity may have pretty significant impacts on health and health economics," says Horn.She says the extra benefit is important. The latest data show that smoking rates among teens, which have recently declined dramatically, are starting to plateau. Anything that can help push that percentage lower would be welcome, say health experts.In the study, Horn's group recorded both the students' self-reports about whether they had quit, as well as more objective measures of nicotine in their system via a carbon monoxide reader. At the start of the study, all of the students were smoking at least half a pack a day during the week and more over the weekends, and wanted to quit.It's not clear why exactly exercise may help teens quit, but Horn says she is reviewing her data to learn more about the types of exercise the students used, and how long they were active every day. She hopes it will lead to better advice for teens who might be having a hard time kicking cigarettes.1.Which of the following is true according to the first three paragraphs?[A] Teenage smokers are faced with more peer pressures.[B] Counseling has little effect on teenagers' quitting smoking.[C] The longer the program lasts, the more likely teenagersquit smoking.[D] Fitness education plays an important role in helping teenagers quit smoking.2.Which of the following is true about the third smoking cessation program?[A] It lasts for 10 weeks and involves 233 participants.[B] It shows more obvious effects on boys than girls.[C] It includes five minutes' physical exercise for each session.[D] More girls quit smoking in this program than in other two programs.3.We can learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7 that______.[A] smoking control will contain the development of health economics[B] more efforts should be made to lower smoking rates[C] the traditional anti-smoking programs never worked[D] the smoking rates have been declining since the program starts4. According to the last two paragraphs, Horn's group______.[A] recorded the participants' self-report about nicotine they take in[B] observed how many cigarettes the participants smoked every week[C] studied the types of exercise that are helpful to quit smoking[D] are still not clear about why exercises can help quit smoking5. The text intends to tell us that______.[A] the methods of quitting smoking work differently on boys and girls[B] teenagers who exercise more are less likely to take up smoking[C] exercise can make it easier for teenagers to quit smoking[D] the current smoking rates call for effective ways to kick cigarettes试题透析1. 根据文章前三段内容，以下哪一项是正确的？A.青少年烟民面临着更大的来自同辈的压力。
新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇
新东方考研英语阅读理解精读100篇（高分版）：UNIT 22•TEXT ONEAlthough it symbolises a bright idea, the traditional incandescent light bulb is a dud. It wastes huge amounts of electricity, radiating 95% of the energy it consumes as heat rather than light. Its life is also relatively short, culminating in a dull pop as its filament fractures. Now a team of researchers has devised a light bulb that is not only much more energy-efficient—it is also expected to last longer than the devices into which it is inserted. Moreover, the lamp could be used for rear-projection televisions as well as general illumination.The trick to a longer life, for light bulbs at least, is to ensure that the lamp has no electrodes. Although electrodes are undeniably convenient for plugging bulbs directly into the lighting system, they are also the main reason why lamps fail. The electrodes wear out. They can react chemically with the gas inside the light bulb, making it grow dimmer. They are also difficult to seal into the structure of the bulb, making the rupture of these seals another potential source of failure.Scientists working for Ceravision, a company based in Milton Keynes, in Britain, have designed a new form of lamp that eliminates the need for electrodes. Their device uses microwaves to transform electricity into light. It consists of a relatively small lump of aluminium oxide into which a hole has been bored. When the aluminium oxide is bombarded with microwaves generated from the same sort of device that powers a microwave oven, a concentrated electric field is created inside the void.If a cylindrical capsule containing a suitable gas is inserted into the hole, the atoms of the gas become ionised. As electrons accelerate in the electric field, they gain energy that they pass on to the atoms and molecules of the gas as they collide with them, creating a glowing plasma. The resulting light is bright, and the process is energy-efficient. Indeed, whereas traditional light bulbs emit just 5% of their energy as light, and fluorescent tubes about 15%, the Ceravision lamp has an efficiency greater than 50%.Because the lamp has no filament, the scientists who developed it think it will last for thousands of hours of use—in other words, for decades. Moreover, the light it generates comes from what is almost a single point, which means that the bulbs can be used in projectors and televisions. Because of this, the light is much more directional and the lamp could thus prove more efficient than bulbs that scatter light in all directions. Its long life would make the new light ideal for buildings in which the architecture makes changing light bulbs complicated and expensive. The lamps' small size makes them comparable to light-emitting diodes but the new lamp generates much brighter light than those semiconductor devices do. A single microwave generator can be used to power several lamps.Another environmental advantage of the new design is that it does not need mercury,a highly toxic metal found in most of the bulbs used today, including energy-saving fluorescent bulbs, fluorescent tubes and the high-pressure bulbs used in projectors. And Ceravision also reckons it should be cheap to make. With lighting accounting for some 20% of electricity use worldwide, switching to a more efficient system could both save energy and reduce emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gases.1．The function of electrodes in the traditional lamp is to _____[A] transform electricity into light through chemical reaction with the gas inside the bulb.[B] seal the rupture of the structure of the bulb so as to prevent potential failure.[C] connect the glass housing with the lighting device.[D] seal the bulbs into the lighting system to ensure that the bulb’s normal function.2. Which one of the following statements is TURE of the design principle of the new lamp?[A] No electricity is conducted into the lamp from outside.[B] The energy is created by the collision of the electrons and atoms and molecules of the gas.[C] The light is created by the ionized atoms of the gas.[D] The electricity is created as the atoms of the gas are ionized.3．The new type of lamp can be energy-efficient because of the following reason except_____[A] the light it generates focuses on one direction indeed of scatter light.[B] the light it generates is more concentrated.[C] only microwave acts as the power supplier for the lamp.[D] the light it generates is more bright.4. The new light is ideal for some special buildings mentioned in the passage because_____[A] the new light bulbs are not so complicated nor expensive.[B] the new light bulbs are more advantageous than the semiconductor devices.[C] the new light bulbs can last for a much longer time.[D] the new light bulbs makes light changing easier and cheaper.5. Which one of the following is NOT the advantage of this new lamp?[A] It is environment friendly.[B] It can be made at a lower cost.[C] It is safer for people.[D] It is multi-purpose.篇章剖析：这篇文章讲述了一种新发明的灯泡。
07年考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit44
Just over 20 years ago, IBM introduced the PC jr. Derided as awkward and underpowered, the PC jr. never caught on with kids or parents. But then again, IBM didn't have the Mouse behind it. Backed by a posse of Mickey, Minnie, and Pluto, the Walt Disney Co. is looking to do what IBM never could: successfully market a computer system designed specifically for kids. The Disney Dream Desk PC （$600） and its complementary big-eared, 14.1-inch monitor （$300） are aimed at kids ranging from 6 to 12 years old. But even though the system is embellished with images of Mickey and software featuring Donald Duck and Goofy, the Dream Desk is more than a toy. Using Microsoft Windows XP, the Disney system is based on an Intel Celeron D processor and comes with a 40-gigabyte hard drive plus a combination CD burner and DVD player——serious enough hardware to manage games or homework. As an added feature, there's a stylus that sits in a cradle built into the keyboard. The stylus is a more comfortable pointing device than a mouse for little hands, and it also lets children create their own digital sketches. Teaching tool. On the software side, Disney has included a trio of creativity programs called Disney Flix, Pix, and Mix that lets kids create their own movies, add Disney characters to digital pictures, and compose music. For parents worried about the World Wild Web, Disney has included a ContentProtect program that prevents curious tykes from visiting sites you'd rather they not view. And if you suspect they are using the Net more for games than research, the program will even track your children's surfing and report back to you. By and large, the Disney system succeeds with the Dream Desk. Design elements like the monitor's mouseketeer ears, which conceal speakers, certainly grabbed my 22-month-old daughter's attention. But while she may have enjoyed "playing with Mickey," parents may wonder if computers for kids are a help or hindrance when it comes to learning. "The danger is that people tend to replace actual human instruction with these computers," says Reid Lyon, chief of the Child Development and Behavior Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development at the National Institutes of Health. According to Lyon, computers are a fine tool to help kids learn——as long as there's parental participation. Parents looking for educational titles on the Dream Desk will have to shop elsewhere. Furthermore, the total system price is about $150 more than comparably equipped plain-Jane PC s, and some elements of the Disney PC could be improved. Making the LCD monitor touch sensitive would be a nice addition for kids, as would a clear cover to protect the screen from sticky little fingers. In addition, some parents may bridle at the brazen commercialism of having a large orange button on the system's keyboard that takes kids directly to Disney's $9.95-a-month Toontown online game. On the other hand, what parent hasn't succumbed to a son or daughter's desire for a SpongeBob toy, Spiderman lunchbox, or Dora backpack? And while this PC may have big ears, it's not just some Mickey Mouse computer. 注（1）：本⽂选⾃U.S. News & World Report; 10/18/2004, p87-87, 2/3p, 1c； 注（2）：本⽂习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1（个别题⽬稍做调整）； 1. How can the Walt Disney Co. make a computer system popular with the kids? [A]The images of the Walt Disney Co. are deeply rooted in kids' heart. [B]The Dream Desk is just like a super toy. [C]The computer system is designed specifically for kids. [D]Kids can use the computer system for games and doing homework. 2. Which of the following is not the description of the Dream Desk? [A]Learning and playing are perfectly combined in this computer system. [B]The hardware is enough for the use of a kid. [C]The software takes the kids' needs and parents' worry into consideration. [D]The Dream Desk decorated with the image of Mickey catches the kids' eyes. 3.How can the parents take full advantage of the computer in the learning of their kids? [A]Not allowing the kids to visit the inappropriate web sites. [B]Using the computer to arouse kids' interest in learning. [C]Fully exploring the potential function of the computer. [D]Working together with their kids. 4.Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 6? [A]The Dream Desk does not have price advantage. [B]The Dream Desk has been equipped with sensitive LCD monitor and a clear cover. [C]Some parents have offensive feelings toward the orange button indicating commercialism. [D]The computer system fails to cater for all the parents. 5. What can we learn from the last paragraph? [A]The big ears make this PC look like a big toy that many kids long for. [B]Parents always try their best to satisfy their kids' needs. [C]Parents find it difficult to refuse to buy their kids such toys as Mickey Mouse computer. [D]Mickey Mouse computer is a computer, rather than a toy. 答案：CADBC 篇章剖析 本⽂详细介绍了由华特迪斯尼公司推出的专为孩⼦设计的⽶⽼⿏电脑。
2017考研英语一阅读题真题及答案
2017考研英语一阅读题真题及答案2017年考研已经圆满结束！店铺考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017考研英语一阅读题真题及答案，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017考研英语一阅读题真题及答案第一篇讲美国安检的事Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing toget new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes答案：21-25 CCADC第二篇讲夏威夷那篇Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, adormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen tominimize the telescope’s visibilit y around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.答案：26-30 ABBAD第三篇英国脱欧GDP增长不能给人们带来幸福...Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being答案：31-35 CBDCA第四篇讲美国最高法院对于麦克唐纳德裁决的事T ext 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on“specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, maki ng a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of pro secution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment bygovernment- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The cour t’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.答案：36-40 CCABD。
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UNIT SIXTEXT ONEMaintaining internal E-mail systems has long been the bane of the university information-technology director. Servers are unwieldy and unreliable, and in the past several years, the number of student complaints has grown exponentially asforward-moving providers like YahooMail, Hotmail, and Gmail have increased expectations of what E-mail should offer. The solution for a number of colleges has been to wave the white flag and outsource E-mail hosting to the experts.Microsoft, which owns Hotmail, and Google (Gmail) are the biggest players in the educational E-mail hosting market. Along with the neat-o peripheral gizmos like messaging, calendars, and collaboration tools, the outsourced systems are more stable, have better spam filters, and provide much more storage space than the typical university's in-house system. At the University of Pennsylvania, its old E-mail service gave students 60 megabytes of storage, just 3 percent of the 2 gigabytes Windows Live now provides. In return, Google and Microsoft get almost nothing, at least monetarily and in the short term. Microsoft's Windows Live @ edu and the Google Apps Education Edition are free of charge for schools. Eliminating another source of revenue, the two tech giants stripped their respective services of advertising in an effort to accommodate educators' concerns. Microsoft breaks even on the venture (it does run ads on non-E-mail services like instant messaging), while Google, which makes almost all its money through advertising, runs at a loss.But what money they don't make at the moment will—the companies hope—pay great dividends in the form of lifelong users in the future, says Google's Jeff Kelter. As quickly as they shuffle out of commencement, graduates see their E-mail transition to the traditional ad-based formats of Gmail and Hotmail. And unlike before, when universities couldn't afford to host thousands of alumni, Google and Microsoft can maintain every account indefinitely, retaining customers as long as customers still want them.Not all schools are ready to outsource their tech dirty work, with privacy and security topping the list of concerns. Critics worry that by handing over the responsibility of E-mail hosting, colleges also relinquish the freedom to keep the information safe in the best way they see fit. Even in the corporate world, there is great skepticism of consumer technologies like Google Apps. Yet most university IT managers agree that outsiders would do a better job protecting individual E-mail from viruses and spam than their own small operations, and strong word-of-mouth praise has done wonders to supplement the almost nonexistent marketing budgets for these Microsoft and Googleprojects.The price tag—or lack of one—isn't a bad sales pitch either. Ramin Sedehi, the vice dean for finance and administration at Penn, says 30 percent of Penn's students already forward their messages to outside clients, and he predicts universities will eventually be out of the E-mail hosting business altogether. Ball State University and the Indiana University Alumni Association are now on Windows Live, and Arizona State University switched to Google Apps in October 2006, already converting at least 40,000 of its 65,000 students to the new system. Penn State University and California Polytechnic State University, to name two, have been in talks, while other schools are watching and waiting.1. The number of student complaints has grown exponentially because_____[A] the school servers are unwieldy and unreliable.[B] the information-technology director is not the expert in providing IT-related assistance.[C] the internal E-mail systems are much more backward than those commercially successful email systems.[D] there are no collaboration tools in the internal E-mail systems.2. Microsoft and Google do not run ads on the E-mail systems for schools because_____[A] they want to cater to the requirements of their clients.[B] they are sponsored by schools and do not need the revenue from ads.[C] they want to build up a unique community with life-long loyalty.[D] they want to maintain the stability of the systems at the present.3. Compared with the universities, the advantage of Goole and Microsoft in hosting accounts of alumni is _____[A] that they can reserve every account with minimum charge.[B] that they can retain every account at customers’ wish.[C] that they can maintain every account as long as the customers want.[D] that they can keep every account fro free ina long term.4. The two giants persist in providing the E-mail services though they run at a loss because_____[A] they believe they will have good returns from the would-be lifelong users in the future.[B] it is part of their social commitment to return the society through contributing to education.[C] their strategy is to make profit through advertisement to university alumni. [D] they want the students to propagandize for their projects.5. The word “relinquish” (Line 3, Paragraph 4)most probably means_____[A] lose.[B] abandon. [C] exchange.[D]waste.文章剖析：这篇文章介绍了大学将自己的电邮系统外包给微软、谷歌等公司。