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北京万维盈创 W5100HBII 环保数据采集仪 说明书
专业、专注、专心铸就一流产品专业无线DTU/RTU生产商--------万维科技W5100HBII环保数据采集仪使用说明书北京万维盈创科技发展有限公司目录1 前言..................................................................................................................................................３1.1 概述..........................................................................................................................................３1.2 功能特点..................................................................................................................................３1.3 技术指标..................................................................................................................................３2 安装和接线说明..............................................................................................................................４2.1 W5100HBII数据采集仪结构....................................................................................................４2.2 接线图.......................................................................................................................................５3 W5100HBII数据采集仪设置..........................................................................................................６3.1 用设置软件设置................................................................................................................６3.1.1 设置前准备.................................................................................................................６3.1.2 修改设置参数.............................................................................................................６3.2 用显示屏设置....................................................................................................................７W5100HBII数采仪测试说明4....................................................................................................１０4.1 本地测试........................................................................................................................１０4.1.1 测试前准备.............................................................................................................１０4.1.2 测试功能.................................................................................................................１１4.2 远程测试........................................................................................................................１１4.2.1 测试前准备.............................................................................................................１１4.2.2 测试功能.................................................................................................................１２W5100HBII数采仪升级说明5......................................................................................................１３5.1.1 升级操作.................................................................................................................１３5.1.2 升级注意事项.........................................................................................................１４1 前言1.1 概述W5100系列环保专用采集仪是完全按照工业级标准设计和生产的，符合HJ/T212-2005《污染源在线自动监测（监控）系统数据传输标准》和IEC-104规约。
传真基本原理
(Call setup)
被叫终端B
阶段2：报文前过程
(Pre Message)
向发送方发送性能标识信号DIS 发送数字命令信号DCS 训练信号：确认发送速度，同步信号
Digital Identification Signal Digital Command Signal
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III. 基本术语解释
基本术语解释
(f)报文后命令： 发送机到接收机 X111 XXXX。 EOM:X111 0001 报文结束，表示一完整页结束，并返回到B阶段。 MPS:X111 0010 多页信号，表示一完整页结束，并在受到证实后返回C阶段。 EOP:X111 0100 过程结束，表示一完整页结束，并在受到证实后返回E阶段。 PRI-EOM:X111 1001 过程中断-报文结束，在EOM上增加请求操作员介入。 PRI-MPS:X111 1010 过程中断-多业信号，在MPS上增加请求操作员介入。 PRI-EOP:X111 1100 过程中断-过程结束，在EOP上增加请求操作员介入。 EOS:选择结束 X111 1000 对应SEP的页结束信号，并返回到B阶段。 PPS:部分页信号,用于误码旧错方式。 EOR:从新传输结束，用于误码旧错方式。 RR: 准备好接受，用于误码旧错方式。 (g)报文后响应： 接收机到发送机 X011 XXXX。 MCF:X011 0001 报文证实，已经满意收到报文,可以继续接收报文。 RTP:X011 0011 收报证实及从新训练，已经满意收到报文，重新训练证实后可以继续接收报文。
DTMF 频率
High Frequency Group Low Frequency Group 697Hz 770Hz 852Hz 941Hz 1029Hz 1 4 7 * 1336Hz 2 5 8 0 1477Hz 3 6 9 # 1622Hz A B C D
BronzeTech青铜剑IGBT驱动器产品手册（可编辑）
Bronze Tech青铜剑IGBT驱动器产品手册特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 64890532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 64890532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2343 6979 0755-8826 7406 021-5425 9682 010-6750 64890532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368(852)2343 6979 0755-8826 7406 021-5425 9682 010-6750 64890532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 6489 0532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 6489 0532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2343 6979 0755-8826 7406 021-5425 9682 010-6750 6489 0532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368(852)2343 6979 0755-8826 7406 021-5425 9682 010-6750 6489 0532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏0532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 6489 0532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2343 6979 0755-8826 7406 021-5425 9682 010-6750 6489 0532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368(852)2343 6979 0755-8826 7406 021-5425 9682 010-6750 6489 0532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 6489 0532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 6489 0532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2343 6979 0755-8826 7406 021-5425 9682 010-6750 6489 0532-8580 7948 028-8554 03680532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 6489 0532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 6489 0532-8823 1566 028-8554 03680532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368(852)2343 6979 0755-8826 7406 021-5425 9682 010-6750 6489 0532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 6489 0532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-6750 6489 0532-8823 1566 028-8554 0368(852)2343 6979 0755-8826 7406 021-5425 9682 010-6750 6489 0532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368(852)2343 6979 0755-8826 7406 021-5425 9682 010-6750 6489 0532-8580 7948 028-8554 0368特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子特许专业代理商二极管?晶闸管/SCR ? 电源模块?光电子WESTPAC ELECTRONICS LIMITED 威柏电子香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏香港威柏深圳威柏上海威柏北京威柏青岛威柏成都威柏(852)2763 5991 0755-8826 7606 021-5489 1460 010-67。
博创科技 UP-Star2410 开发板 硬件说明书
UP-Star2410开发板硬件说明书一、UP-Star2410硬件资源1．核心资源S3C2410 ARM CPU、32M SDRAM、64M NAND FLASH。
2． 100M网卡，DM9000AE。
3．一个USB主口，一个USB从口。
4．一个RS232串口DB9接口。
另有一路RS232串口和TTL串口从扩展插座上引出。
5．扩展插座，引出所有总线信号（经过驱动芯片）和未占用资源。
6． LCD和触摸屏接口，外接专配液晶屏/触摸屏板。
7．电源、复位、JTAG、RTC等基本资源和接口，支持博创UP-LINK和J-LINK仿真器。
8．设置了IO控制的LED和可产生硬中断的5位导航按键等简单调试资源。
二、电路原理说明1．S3C2410的OM0和OM1两个引脚用来配置启动方式和Bank0的总线宽度。
当OM[1:0]=00时从NandFlash启动，此时Bank0不能使用；当OM[1:0]=01时从Bank0启动，并配置为16Bit宽度，也就是从NorFlash启动。
UP-Star2410上固定设置为从NandFlash启动。
2．S3C2410从NandFlash引导时，通过NCON脚的电平来配置NandFlash控制器的寻址字节数。
从这点上看，无法从128M及以上容量的大块NandFlash引导，因为128M Flash的寻址方式和块页组织都有所变化。
UP-Star2410上将NCON接高电平，支持64M NandFlash引导。
3．K9F1208是三星公司的NandFlash芯片，而S3C2410内部具有Nand 控制器，所以K9F1208直接和S3C2410连接，并可以从NandFlash引导。
NandFlash的原理图如下所示：4．核心板的SDRAM采用两片HY57V561620，每片32M字节，总的SDRAM为32MB。
HY57V561620数据宽度16Bit，内部分为4个Bank，每Bank为4M字节。
全球MAC地址分配
全球MAC地址分配(标准分配，不考虑自己修改的那些)0:0:1 SuperLAN-2U0:0:10 Hughes LAN Systems (formerly Sytek)0:0:11 Tektronix0:0:15 Datapoint Corporation0:0:18 Webster Computer Corporation Appletalk/Ethernet Gateway0:0:1a AMD (?)0:0:1b Novell (now Eagle Technology)0:0:1c JDR Microdevices generic, NE2000 drivers0:0:1d Cabletron0:0:1f Cryptall Communications Corp.0:0:2 BBN (was internal usage only, no longer used)0:0:20 DIAB (Data Intdustrier AB)0:0:21 SC&C (PAM Soft&Hardware also reported)0:0:22 Visual Technology0:0:23 ABB Automation AB, Dept. Q0:0:24 Olicom0:0:29 IMC0:0:2a TRW0:0:2c NRC - Network Resources Corporation - MultiGate Hub1+, Hub2, etc 0:0:32 GPT Limited (reassigned from GEC Computers Ltd)0:0:37 Oxford Metrics Ltd0:0:3b Hyundai/Axil Sun Sparc Station 2 clone0:0:3c Auspex0:0:3d AT&T0:0:3f Syntrex Inc0:0:44 Castelle0:0:46 ISC-Bunker Ramo, An Olivetti Company0:0:48 Epson0:0:49 Apricot Ltd.0:0:4b APT -ICL also reported0:0:4c NEC Corporation0:0:4f Logicraft 386-Ware P.C. Emulator0:0:51 Hob Electronic Gmbh & Co. KG0:0:52 Optical Data Systems0:0:55 AT&T0:0:58 Racore Computer Products Inc0:0:5a SK (Schneider & Koch in Europe and Syskonnect outside of Europe) 0:0:5a Xerox 806 (unregistered)0:0:5b Eltec0:0:5d RCE0:0:5e U.S. Department of Defense (IANA)0:0:5f Sumitomo0:0:61 Gateway Communications0:0:62 Honeywell0:0:63 Hewlett-Packard LanProbe0:0:64 Yokogawa Digital Computer Corp0:0:65 Network General0:0:66 Talaris0:0:68 Rosemount Controls0:0:69 Concord Communications, Inc (although someone said Silicon Graphics) 0:0:6b MIPS0:0:6d Case0:0:6e Artisoft, Inc.0:0:6f Madge Networks Ltd0:0:6f Madge Networks Ltd. Token-ring adapters0:0:73 DuPont0:0:75 Bell Northern Research (BNR)0:0:77 Interphase [Used in other systems, e.g. MIPS, Motorola]0:0:78 Labtam Australia0:0:79 Networth Incorporated [bought by Compaq, used in Netelligent series]0:0:7a Ardent0:0:7b Research Machines0:0:7d Cray Research Superservers,Inc [Also Harris (3M) (old)]0:0:7e NetFRAME multiprocessor network servers0:0:7f Linotype-Hell AG Linotronic typesetters0:0:80 Cray Communications (formerly Dowty Network Services) [Also shows as"Harris (3M) (new)" and/or "Imagen(?)" elsewhere]0:0:81 Synoptics0:0:83 Tadpole Technology [had Optical Data Systems which is wrong accordingto both]0:0:84 Aquila (?), ADI Systems Inc.(?)0:0:86 Gateway Communications Inc. (also Megahertz Corporation?)0:0:87 Hitachi0:0:89 Cayman Systems Gatorbox0:0:8a Datahouse Information Systems0:0:8e Solbourne(?), Jupiter(?) (I've had confirming mail on Solbourne)0:0:9 powerpipes?0:0:92 Unisys, Cogent (both reported)0:0:93 Proteon0:0:94 Asante MAC0:0:95 Sony/Tektronix0:0:97 Epoch0:0:98 Cross Com0:0:99 Memorex Telex Corporations0:0:9f Ameristar Technology0:0:a0 Sanyo Electronics0:0:a2 Wellfleet0:0:a3 Network Application Technology (NAT)0:0:a4 Acorn0:0:a5 Compatible Systems Corporation0:0:a6 Network General (internal assignment, not for products)0:0:a7 Network Computing Devices (NCD) X-terminals0:0:a8 Stratus Computer, Inc.0:0:a9 Network Systems0:0:aa Xerox Xerox machines0:0:ac Conware Netzpartner [had Apollo, claimed incorrect] 0:0:ae Dassault Automatismes et Telecommunications0:0:af Nuclear Data Acquisition Interface Modules (AIM) 0:0:b0 RND (RAD Network Devices)0:0:b1 Alpha Microsystems Inc.0:0:b3 CIMLinc0:0:b4 Edimax0:0:b5 Datability Terminal Servers0:0:b6 Micro-matic Research0:0:b7 Dove Fastnet0:0:bb TRI-DATA Systems Inc. Netway products, 3274 emulators 0:0:bc Allen-Bradley0:0:c Cisco0:0:c0 Western Digital now SMC (Std. Microsystems Corp.)0:0:c1 Olicom A/S0:0:c5 Farallon Computing Inc0:0:c6 HP Intelligent Networks Operation (formerly Eon Systems)0:0:c8 Altos0:0:c9 Emulex Terminal Servers, Print Servers0:0:ca LANcity Cable Modems (now owned by BayNetworks)0:0:cc Densan Co., Ltd.0:0:cd Industrial Research Limited0:0:d0 Develcon Electronics, Ltd.0:0:d1 Adaptec, Inc. "Nodem" product0:0:d2 SBE Inc0:0:d3 Wang Labs0:0:d4 PureData0:0:d7 Dartmouth College (NED Router)0:0:d8 old Novell NE1000's (before about 1987?) (also 3Com)0:0:dd Gould0:0:de Unigraph0:0:e Fujitsu0:0:e1 Hitachi (laptop built-in)0:0:e2 Acer Counterpoint0:0:e3 Integrated Micro Products Ltd0:0:e4 mips?0:0:e6 Aptor Produits De Comm Indust0:0:e8 Accton Technology Corporation0:0:e9 ISICAD, Inc.0:0:ed April0:0:ee Network Designers Limited [also KNX Ltd, a former division]0:0:ef Alantec0:0:f NeXT0:0:f0 Samsung0:0:f2 Spider Communications (Montreal, not Spider Systems)0:0:f3 Gandalf Data Ltd. - Canada0:0:f4 Allied Telesis, Inc.0:0:f6 A.M.C. (Applied Microsystems Corp.)0:0:f8 DEC0:0:fb Rechner zur Kommunikation0:0:fd High Level Hardware (Orion, UK)0:0:ff Camtec Electronics (UK) Ltd.0:10:11 Cisco Systems Cisco 75xx0:10:1f Cisco0:10:2f Cisco Cisco 50000:10:4b 3Com 3C905-TX PCI0:10:79 Cisco 5500 Router0:10:7a Ambicom (was Tandy?)0:10:f6 Cisco0:17:0 Kabel0:1:2 BBN (Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.) internal usage (not registered)0:1:43 IEEE 8020:1:63 NDC (National Datacomm Corporation)0:1:68 W&G (Wandel & Goltermann) [incorrect according to W&G] 0:1:c8 Thomas Conrad Corp.0:1:fa Compaq (PageMarq printers)0:20:0 Lexmark (Print Server)0:20:11 Canopus Co Ltd0:20:17 Orbotech0:20:18 Realtek0:20:1a Nbase0:20:25 Control Technology Inc (Industrial Controls and Network Interfaces) 0:20:28 Bloomberg0:20:2b ATML (Advanced Telecommunications Modules, Ltd.)0:20:35 IBM (International Business Machines) mainframes, Etherjetprinters0:20:36 BMC Software0:20:42 Datametrics Corp0:20:45 SolCom Systems Limited0:20:48 Fore Systems Inc0:20:4b Autocomputer Co Ltd0:20:4c Mitron Computer Pte Ltd0:20:56 Neoproducts0:20:61 Dynatech Communications Inc0:20:63 Wipro Infotech Ltd0:20:66 General Magic Inc0:20:67 Node Runner Inc0:20:6b Minolta Co., Ltd Network printers0:20:78 Runtop Inc0:20:8 Cable & Computer Technology0:20:85 3COM SuperStack II UPS management module0:20:8a Sonix Communications Ltd0:20:8b Focus Enhancements0:20:8c Galaxy Networks Inc0:20:94 Cubix Corporation0:20:a5 Newer Technology0:20:a6 Proxim Inc0:20:af 3COM Corporation0:20:b6 Agile Networks Inc0:20:b9 Metricom, Inc.0:20:c Adastra Systems Corp0:20:c5 Eagle NE20000:20:c6 NECTEC0:20:d0 Versalynx Corp. "The One Port" terminal server0:20:d2 RAD Data Communications Ltd0:20:d3 OST (Ouet Standard Telematique)0:20:d8 NetWave0:20:da Xylan0:20:dc Densitron Taiwan Ltd0:20:e0 PreMax PE-200 (PCMCIA NE2000-clone card, sold by InfoExpress) 0:20:e5 Apex Data0:20:ee Gtech Corporation0:20:f6 Net Tek & Karlnet Inc0:20:f8 Carrera Computers Inc0:2:16 ESI (Extended Systems, Inc) print servers0:2:4 Novell NE32000:2:5 Hamilton (Sparc Clones)0:2:88 Global Village (PCcard in Mac portable)0:3:c6 Morning Star Technologies Inc0:40:1 Zero One Technology Co Ltd (ZyXEL?)0:40:10 Sonic Mac Ethernet interfaces0:40:11 Facilities Andover Environmental Controllers0:40:13 NTT Data Communication Systems Corp0:40:14 Comsoft Gmbh0:40:15 Ascom0:40:17 XCd XJet - HP printer server card0:40:1c AST Pentium/90 PC (emulating AMD EISA card)0:40:1f Colorgraph Ltd0:40:20 Pilkington Communication0:40:23 Logic Corporation0:40:25 Molecular Dynamics0:40:26 Melco Inc0:40:27 SMC Massachusetts [Had:Sigma (?), maybe the "S"?] 0:40:28 Netcomm0:40:2a Canoga-Perkins0:40:2b TriGem0:40:2f Xlnt Designs Inc (XDI)0:40:30 GK Computer0:40:32 Digital Communications0:40:33 Addtron Technology Co., Ltd.0:40:36 TribeStar0:40:39 Optec Daiichi Denko Co Ltd0:40:3c Forks, Inc.0:40:41 Fujikura Ltd.0:40:43 Nokia Data Communications0:40:48 SMD Informatica S.A.0:40:4c Hypertec Pty Ltd.0:40:4d Telecomm Techniques0:40:4f Space & Naval Warfare Systems0:40:5 TRENDware International Inc.; Linksys; Simple Net; all three reported0:40:50 Ironics, Incorporated0:40:52 Star Technologies Inc0:40:54 Thinking Machines Corporation0:40:57 Lockheed-Sanders0:40:59 Yoshida Kogyo K.K.0:40:5b Funasset Limited0:40:5d Star-Tek Inc0:40:66 Hitachi Cable, Ltd.0:40:67 Omnibyte Corporation0:40:68 Extended Systems0:40:69 Lemcom Systems Inc0:40:6a Kentek Information Systems Inc0:40:6e Corollary, Inc.0:40:6f Sync Research Inc0:40:72 Applied Innovation0:40:74 Cable and Wireless0:40:76 AMP Incorporated0:40:78 Wearnes Automation Pte Ltd0:40:7f Agema Infrared Systems AB0:40:82 Laboratory Equipment Corp0:40:85 SAAB Instruments AB0:40:86 Michels & Kleberhoff Computer0:40:87 Ubitrex Corporation0:40:88 Mobuis NuBus (Mac) combination video/EtherTalk0:40:8a TPS Teleprocessing Sys. Gmbh0:40:8c Axis Communications AB0:40:8e CXR/Digilog0:40:8f WM-Data Minfo AB0:40:9 Tachibana Tectron Co Ltd0:40:90 Ansel Communications PC NE2000 compatible twisted-pair ethernet cards0:40:91 Procomp Industria Eletronica0:40:92 ASP Computer Products, Inc.0:40:94 Shographics Inc0:40:95 Eagle Technologies [UMC also reported]0:40:96 Telesystems SLW Inc0:40:9a Network Express Inc0:40:9c Transware0:40:9d DigiBoard Ethernet-ISDN bridges0:40:9e Concurrent Technologies Ltd.0:40:9f Lancast/Casat Technology Inc0:40:a4 Rose Electronics0:40:a6 Cray Research Inc.0:40:aa Valmet Automation Inc0:40:ad SMA Regelsysteme Gmbh0:40:ae Delta Controls, Inc.0:40:af Digital Products, Inc. (DPI).0:40:b Crescendo (now owned by Cisco)0:40:b4 3COM K.K.0:40:b5 Video Technology Computers Ltd0:40:b6 Computerm Corporation0:40:b9 MACQ Electronique SA0:40:bd Starlight Networks Inc0:40:c General Micro Systems, Inc.0:40:c1 Bizerba-Werke Wilheim Kraut0:40:c2 Applied Computing Devices0:40:c3 Fischer and Porter Co.0:40:c5 Micom Communications Corp.0:40:c6 Fibernet Research, Inc.0:40:c7 Danpex Corporation0:40:c8 Milan Technology Corp.0:40:cc Silcom Manufacturing Technology Inc0:40:cf Strawberry Tree Inc0:40:d LANNET Data Communications0:40:d2 Pagine Corporation0:40:d4 Gage Talker Corp.0:40:d7 Studio Gen Inc0:40:d8 Ocean Office Automation Ltd0:40:dc Tritec Electronic Gmbh0:40:df Digalog Systems, Inc.0:40:e1 Marner International Inc0:40:e2 Mesa Ridge Technologies Inc0:40:e3 Quin Systems Ltd0:40:e5 Sybus Corporation0:40:e7 Arnos Instruments & Computer0:40:e9 Accord Systems, Inc.0:40:ea PlainTree Systems Inc0:40:ed Network Controls International Inc0:40:f0 Micro Systems Inc0:40:f1 Chuo Electronics Co., Ltd.0:40:f4 Cameo Communications, Inc.0:40:f5 OEM Engines0:40:f6 Katron Computers Inc0:40:f9 Combinet0:40:fa Microboards Inc0:40:fb Cascade Communications Corp.0:40:fd LXE0:40:ff Telebit Corporation Personal NetBlazer0:4:0 Lexmark (Print Server)0:4:ac IBM PCMCIA Ethernet adapter.0:4f:49 Realtek0:4f:4b Pine Technology Ltd.0:50:4d Repotec Group0:50:4e UMC UM9008 NE2000-compatible ISA Card for PC 0:5:2 Apple (PCI bus Macs)0:5:9a PowerComputing (Mac clone)0:5:a8 PowerComputing Mac clones0:60:25 Active Imaging Inc.0:60:2f Cisco0:60:3e Cisco 100Mbps interface0:60:47 Cisco0:60:52 Realtek (RTL 8029 == PCI NE2000)0:60:5c Cisco0:60:67 Acer Lan0:60:70 Cisco routers (2524 and 4500)0:60:8 3Com Found in a 3Com PCI form factor 3C905 TX board0:60:83 Cisco Systems, Inc. 3620/3640 routers0:60:8c 3Com (1990 onwards)0:60:9 Cisco Catalyst 5000 Ethernet switch0:60:94 AMD PCNET PCI0:60:97 3Com0:60:b0 Hewlett-Packard0:6:29 IBM RISC6000 system0:6:7c Cisco0:6:c1 Cisco0:6:d Hewlett-Packard JetDirect token-ring interfaces0:7:1 Racal-Datacom0:7:d Cisco 2511 Token Ring0:80:0 Multitech Systems Inc0:80:1 Periphonics Corporation0:80:10 Commodore0:80:12 IMS Corp. IMS failure analysis tester0:80:13 Thomas Conrad Corp.0:80:15 Seiko Systems Inc0:80:16 Wandel & Goltermann0:80:17 PFU0:80:19 Dayna Communications "Etherprint" product0:80:1a Bell Atlantic0:80:1b Kodiak Technology0:80:1c Cisco0:80:21 Newbridge Networks Corporation0:80:23 Integrated Business Networks0:80:24 Kalpana0:80:26 Network Products Corporation0:80:29 Microdyne Corporation0:80:2a Test Systems & Simulations Inc0:80:2c The Sage Group PLC0:80:2d Xylogics, Inc. Annex terminal servers0:80:2e Plexcom, Inc.0:80:33 Formation (?)0:80:34 SMT-Goupil0:80:35 Technology Works0:80:37 Ericsson Business Comm.0:80:38 Data Research & Applications0:80:3b APT Communications, Inc.0:80:3d Surigiken Co Ltd0:80:3e Synernetics0:80:3f Hyundai Electronics0:80:4 Antlow Computers, Ltd.0:80:42 Force Computers0:80:43 Networld Inc0:80:45 Matsushita Electric Ind Co0:80:46 University of Toronto0:80:48 Compex, used by Commodore and DEC at least 0:80:49 Nissin Electric Co Ltd0:80:4c Contec Co., Ltd.0:80:4d Cyclone Microsystems, Inc.0:80:5 Cactus Computer Inc.0:80:51 ADC Fibermux0:80:52 Network Professor0:80:57 Adsoft Ltd0:80:5a Tulip Computers International BV0:80:5b Condor Systems, Inc.0:80:5c Agilis(?)0:80:5f Compaq Computer Corporation0:80:6 Compuadd Corporation0:80:60 Network Interface Corporation0:80:62 Interface Co.0:80:63 Richard Hirschmann Gmbh & Co0:80:64 Wyse0:80:67 Square D Company0:80:69 Computone Systems0:80:6a ERI (Empac Research Inc.)0:80:6b Schmid Telecommunication0:80:6c Cegelec Projects Ltd0:80:6d Century Systems Corp.0:80:6e Nippon Steel Corporation0:80:6f Onelan Ltd0:80:7 Dlog NC-Systeme0:80:71 SAI Technology0:80:72 Microplex Systems Ltd0:80:74 Fisher Controls0:80:79 Microbus Designs Ltd0:80:7b Artel Communications Corp.0:80:7c FiberCom0:80:7d Equinox Systems Inc0:80:82 PEP Modular Computers Gmbh0:80:86 Computer Generation Inc.0:80:87 Okidata0:80:8a Summit (?)0:80:8b Dacoll Limited0:80:8c Frontier Software Development0:80:8d Westcove Technology BV0:80:8e Radstone Technology0:80:9 Jupiter Systems (older MX-600 series machines)0:80:90 Microtek International Inc0:80:92 Japan Computer Industry, Inc.0:80:93 Xyron Corporation0:80:94 Sattcontrol AB0:80:96 HDS (Human Designed Systems) X terminals0:80:98 TDK Corporation0:80:9a Novus Networks Ltd0:80:9b Justsystem Corporation0:80:9d Datacraft Manufactur'g Pty Ltd0:80:9f Alcatel Business Systems0:80:a1 Microtest0:80:a3 Lantronix (see also 0800A3)0:80:a6 Republic Technology Inc0:80:a7 Measurex Corp0:80:ad CNet Technology Used by Telebit (among others) 0:80:ae Hughes Network Systems0:80:af Allumer Co., Ltd.0:80:b1 Softcom A/S0:80:b2 NET (Network Equipment Technologies)0:80:b6 Themis corporation0:80:ba Specialix (Asia) Pte Ltd0:80:c0 Penril Datability Networks0:80:c2 IEEE 802.1 Committee0:80:c6 Soho0:80:c7 Xircom, Inc.0:80:c8 D-Link (also Solectek Pocket Adapters, and LinkSys PCMCIA) 0:80:c9 Alberta Microelectronic Centre0:80:ce Broadcast Television Systems0:80:d V osswinkel FU0:80:d0 Computer Products International0:80:d3 Shiva Appletalk-Ethernet interface0:80:d4 Chase Limited0:80:d6 Apple Mac Portable(?)0:80:d7 Fantum Electronics0:80:d8 Network Peripherals0:80:da Bruel & Kjaer0:80:e0 XTP Systems Inc0:80:e3 Coral (?)0:80:e7 Lynwood Scientific Dev Ltd0:80:ea The Fiber Company0:80:f SMC (Standard Microsystem Corp.)0:80:f0 Kyushu Matsushita Electric Co0:80:f1 Opus0:80:f3 Sun Electronics Corp0:80:f4 Telemechanique Electrique0:80:f5 Quantel Ltd0:80:f7 Zenith Communications Products0:80:fb BVM Limited0:80:fe Azure Technologies Inc0:8:52 Technically Elite Concepts0:8:55 Fermilab0:8:c7 Compaq0:a0:0 Bay Networks Ethernet switch0:a0:24 3com0:a0:40 Apple (PCI Mac)0:a0:92 Intermate International [LAN printer interfaces]0:a0:c9 Intel (PRO100B cards)0:a0:cc MacSense 100Base-TX Adapter for Mac Also seen in PCs (?) 0:a0:d1 National Semiconductor [COMPAQ Docking Station]0:a0:d2 Allied Telesyn0:aa:0 Intel0:b0:d0 Computer Products International0:c0:0 Lanoptics Ltd0:c0:1 Diatek Patient Managment0:c0:11 Interactive Computing Devices0:c0:12 Netspan Corp0:c0:13 Netrix0:c0:14 Telematics Calabasas0:c0:15 New Media Corp0:c0:16 Electronic Theatre Controls0:c0:17 Fluke0:c0:18 Lanart Corp0:c0:1a Corometrics Medical Systems0:c0:1b Socket Communications0:c0:1c Interlink Communications Ltd.0:c0:1d Grand Junction Networks, Inc.0:c0:1f S.E.R.C.E.L.0:c0:2 Sercomm Corporation0:c0:20 Arco Electronic, Control Ltd.0:c0:21 Netexpress0:c0:23 Tutankhamon Electronics0:c0:24 Eden Sistemas De Computacao SA0:c0:25 Dataproducts Corporation0:c0:27 Cipher Systems, Inc.0:c0:28 Jasco Corporation0:c0:29 Kabel Rheydt AG0:c0:2a Ohkura Electric Co0:c0:2b Gerloff Gesellschaft Fur0:c0:2c Centrum Communications, Inc.0:c0:2d Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.0:c0:2e Netwiz0:c0:2f Okuma Corp0:c0:3 Globalnet Communications0:c0:30 Integrated Engineering B. V.0:c0:31 Design Research Systems, Inc.0:c0:32 I-Cubed Limited0:c0:33 Telebit Corporation0:c0:34 Dale Computer Corporation0:c0:35 Quintar Company0:c0:36 Raytech Electronic Corp0:c0:39 Silicon Systems0:c0:3b Multiaccess Computing Corp0:c0:3c Tower Tech S.R.L.0:c0:3d Wiesemann & Theis Gmbh0:c0:3e Fa. Gebr. Heller Gmbh0:c0:3f Stores Automated Systems Inc0:c0:4 Japan Business Computer Co.Ltd0:c0:40 ECCI0:c0:41 Digital Transmission Systems0:c0:42 Datalux Corp.0:c0:43 Stratacom0:c0:44 Emcom Corporation0:c0:45 Isolation Systems Inc0:c0:46 Kemitron Ltd0:c0:47 Unimicro Systems Inc0:c0:48 Bay Technical Associates0:c0:49 US Robotics Total Control (tm) NETServer Card0:c0:4d Mitec Ltd0:c0:4e Comtrol Corporation0:c0:4f Dell0:c0:5 Livingston Enterprises Inc Portmaster (OEMed by Cayman) 0:c0:50 Toyo Denki Seizo K.K.0:c0:51 Advanced Integration Research0:c0:55 Modular Computing Technologies0:c0:56 Somelec0:c0:57 Myco Electronics0:c0:58 Dataexpert Corp0:c0:59 Nippondenso Corp0:c0:5b Networks Northwest Inc0:c0:5c Elonex PLC0:c0:5d L&N Technologies0:c0:5e Vari-Lite Inc0:c0:6 Nippon Avionics Co Ltd0:c0:60 ID Scandinavia A/S0:c0:61 Solectek Corporation0:c0:63 Morning Star Technologies Inc May be miswrite of 0003C6 0:c0:64 General Datacomm Ind Inc0:c0:65 Scope Communications Inc0:c0:66 Docupoint, Inc.0:c0:67 United Barcode Industries0:c0:68 Philp Drake Electronics Ltd0:c0:69 California Microwave Inc0:c0:6a Zahner-Elektrik Gmbh & Co KG0:c0:6b OSI Plus Corporation0:c0:6c SVEC Computer Corp0:c0:6d Boca Research, Inc.0:c0:6f Komatsu Ltd0:c0:7 Pinnacle Data Systems Inc0:c0:70 Sectra Secure-Transmission AB0:c0:71 Areanex Communications, Inc.0:c0:72 KNX Ltd0:c0:73 Xedia Corporation0:c0:74 Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Ltd0:c0:75 Xante Corporation0:c0:76 I-Data International A-S0:c0:77 Daewoo Telecom Ltd0:c0:78 Computer Systems Engineering0:c0:79 Fonsys Co Ltd0:c0:7a Priva BV0:c0:7b Ascend Communications ISDN bridges/routers0:c0:7d RISC Developments Ltd0:c0:7f Nupon Computing Corp0:c0:8 Seco SRL0:c0:80 Netstar Inc0:c0:81 Metrodata Ltd0:c0:82 Moore Products Co0:c0:84 Data Link Corp Ltd0:c0:85 Canon0:c0:86 The Lynk Corporation0:c0:87 UUNET Technologies Inc0:c0:89 Telindus Distribution0:c0:8a Lauterbach Datentechnik Gmbh0:c0:8b RISQ Modular Systems Inc0:c0:8c Performance Technologies Inc0:c0:8d Tronix Product Development0:c0:8e Network Information Technology0:c0:8f Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.0:c0:9 KT Technology (s) Pte Inc0:c0:90 Praim S.R.L.0:c0:91 Jabil Circuit, Inc.0:c0:92 Mennen Medical Inc0:c0:93 Alta Research Corp.0:c0:95 Znyx (Network Appliance box); Jupiter Systems (MX-700 series) 0:c0:96 Tamura Corporation0:c0:97 Archipel SA0:c0:98 Chuntex Electronic Co., Ltd.0:c0:9b Reliance Comm/Tec, R-Tec Systems Inc0:c0:9c TOA Electronic Ltd0:c0:9d Distributed Systems Int'l, Inc.0:c0:9f Quanta Computer Inc0:c0:a Micro Craft0:c0:a0 Advance Micro Research, Inc.0:c0:a1 Tokyo Denshi Sekei Co0:c0:a2 Intermedium A/S0:c0:a3 Dual Enterprises Corporation0:c0:a4 Unigraf OY0:c0:a7 SEEL Ltd0:c0:a8 GVC Corporation0:c0:a9 Barron McCann Ltd0:c0:aa Silicon Valley Computer0:c0:ab Jupiter Technology Inc0:c0:ac Gambit Computer Communications0:c0:ad Computer Communication Systems0:c0:ae Towercom Co Inc DBA PC House0:c0:b Norcontrol A.S.0:c0:b0 GCC Technologies,Inc.0:c0:b2 Norand Corporation0:c0:b3 Comstat Datacomm Corporation0:c0:b4 Myson Technology Inc0:c0:b5 Corporate Network Systems Inc0:c0:b6 Meridian Data Inc0:c0:b7 American Power Conversion Corp0:c0:b8 Fraser's Hill Ltd.0:c0:b9 Funk Software Inc0:c0:ba Netvantage0:c0:bb Forval Creative Inc0:c0:bd Inex Technologies, Inc.0:c0:be Alcatel - Sel0:c0:bf Technology Concepts Ltd0:c0:c ARK PC Technology, Inc.0:c0:c0 Shore Microsystems Inc0:c0:c1 Quad/Graphics Inc0:c0:c2 Infinite Networks Ltd.0:c0:c3 Acuson Computed Sonography0:c0:c4 Computer Operational0:c0:c5 SID Informatica0:c0:c6 Personal Media Corp0:c0:c8 Micro Byte Pty Ltd0:c0:c9 Bailey Controls Co0:c0:ca Alfa, Inc.0:c0:cb Control Technology Corporation0:c0:cd Comelta S.A.0:c0:d Advanced Logic Research Inc0:c0:d0 Ratoc System Inc0:c0:d1 Comtree Technology Corporation (EFA also reported) 0:c0:d2 Syntellect Inc0:c0:d4 Axon Networks Inc0:c0:d5 Quancom Electronic Gmbh0:c0:d6 J1 Systems, Inc.0:c0:d9 Quinte Network Confidentiality Equipment Inc0:c0:db IPC Corporation (Pte) Ltd0:c0:dc EOS Technologies, Inc.0:c0:de ZComm Inc0:c0:df Kye Systems Corp0:c0:e Psitech Inc0:c0:e1 Sonic Solutions0:c0:e2 Calcomp, Inc.0:c0:e3 Ositech Communications Inc0:c0:e4 Landis & Gyr Powers Inc0:c0:e5 GESPAC S.A.0:c0:e6 TXPORT0:c0:e7 Fiberdata AB0:c0:e8 Plexcom Inc0:c0:e9 Oak Solutions Ltd0:c0:ea Array Technology Ltd.0:c0:ec Dauphin Technology0:c0:ed US Army Electronic Proving Ground0:c0:ee Kyocera Corporation0:c0:ef Abit Corporation0:c0:f QNX Software Systems Ltd. [also Quantum Software Systems Ltd] 0:c0:f0 Kingston Technology Corporation0:c0:f1 Shinko Electric Co Ltd0:c0:f2 Transition Engineering Inc0:c0:f3 Network Communications Corp0:c0:f4 Interlink System Co., Ltd.0:c0:f5 Metacomp Inc0:c0:f6 Celan Technology Inc.0:c0:f7 Engage Communication, Inc.0:c0:f8 About Computing Inc.0:c0:fa Canary Communications Inc0:c0:fb Advanced Technology Labs0:c0:fc ASDG Incorporated0:c0:fd Prosum0:c0:ff Box Hill Systems Corporation0:dd:0 Ungermann-Bass IBM RT0:dd:1 Ungermann-Bass0:dd:8 Ungermann-Bass0:e0:11 Uniden Corporation0:e0:14 Cisco Ethernet switch0:e0:16 rapid-city (now a part of bay networks)0:e0:1e Cisco Lightstream 10100:e0:29 SMC EtherPower II 10/1000:e0:2c AST - built into 5166M PC motherboard (win95 id's as Intel)0:e0:34 Cisco0:e0:39 Paradyne 7112 T1 DSU/CSU0:e0:4f Cisco0:e0:83 Jato Technologies, Inc.0:e0:8f Cisco Systems Catalyst 29000:e0:98 Linksys PCMCIA card0:e0:a3 Cisco0:e0:b0 Cisco Systems Catalyst 2900/50000:e0:b8 AMD PCNet in a Gateway 20000:e0:c5 BCOM Electronics Inc.0:e0:f7 Cisco0:e0:f9 Cisco0:e0:fe Cisco10:0:5a IBM10:0:90 Hewlett-Packard Advisor products10:0:d4 DEC10:0:e0 Apple A/UX (modified addresses for licensing)2:4:6 BBN internal usage (not registered)2:60:60 3Com2:60:86 Satelcom MegaPac (UK)2:60:8c 3Com IBM PC; Imagen; Valid; Cisco;Macintosh2:7:1 Interlan [now Racal-InterLAN] DEC (UNIBUS or QBUS), Apollo, Cisco 2:7:1 Racal-Datacom2:aa:3c Olivetti2:cf:1f CMC Masscomp; Silicon Graphics; PrimeEXL2:e0:3b Prominet Corporation Gigabit Ethernet Switch2:e6:d3 BTI (Bus-Tech, Inc.) IBM Mainframes2e:2e:2e LAA (Locally Administered Address) for Meditech Systems3c:0:0 3Com dual function (V.34 modem +Ethernet)card40:0:3 Net Ware (?)44:45:53 Microsoft (Windows95 internal"adapters")44:46:49 DFI (Diamond Flower Industries)47:54:43 GTC (Not registered!) (This number is amulticast!)48:44:53 HDS ???48:4c:0 Network Solutions48:54:e8 winbond?4c:42:4c Information Modes software modified addresses (not registered?)52:54:4c Novell 200052:54:ab REALTEK (a Realtek 8029 based PCI Card)56:58:57 Aculab plc audio bridges80:0:10 AT&T [misrepresented as 080010? One source claims this is correct] 80:ad:0 CNET Technology Inc. (Probably an error, see instead 0080AD)8:0:1 Computer Vision8:0:10 AT&T [misrepresentation of 800010?]8:0:11 Tektronix, Inc.8:0:14 Excelan BBN Butterfly, Masscomp, SiliconGraphics8:0:17 National Semiconductor Corp. (used to have Network System Corp., wrongNSC)8:0:1a Tiara? (used to have Data General)8:0:1b Data General8:0:1e Apollo8:0:2 3Com (formerly Bridge)8:0:20 Sun8:0:22 NBI (Nothing But Initials)8:0:23 Matsushita Denso8:0:25 CDC8:0:26 Norsk Data (Nord)8:0:27 PCS Computer Systems GmbH8:0:28 TI Explorer8:0:2b DEC8:0:2e Metaphor8:0:2f Prime Computer Prime 50-Series LHC3008:0:3 ACC (Advanced Computer Communications)8:0:30 CERN8:0:32 Tigan8:0:36 Intergraph CAE stations8:0:37 Fuji Xerox8:0:38 Bull8:0:39 Spider Systems8:0:3b Torus Systems8:0:3d cadnetix8:0:3e Motorola VME bus processor modules8:0:41 DCA (Digital Comm. Assoc.)8:0:44 DSI (DA VID Systems, Inc.)8:0:45 ???? (maybe Xylogics, but they claim not to know this number)8:0:46 Sony8:0:47 Sequent8:0:48 Eurotherm Gauging Systems8:0:49 Univation8:0:4c Encore8:0:4e BICC [3com bought BICC, so may appear on 3com equipment as well] 8:0:5 Symbolics Symbolics LISP machines8:0:51 Experdata8:0:56 Stanford University8:0:57 Evans & Sutherland (?)8:0:58 ??? DECsystem-208:0:5a IBM8:0:6 Siemens Nixdorf PC clone8:0:66 AGFA printers, phototypesetters etc.8:0:67 Comdesign8:0:68 Ridge8:0:69 Silicon Graphics8:0:6a ATTst (?)8:0:6e Excelan8:0:70 Mitsubishi8:0:74 Casio8:0:75 DDE (Danish Data Elektronik A/S)8:0:77 TSL (now Retix)8:0:79 Silicon Graphics8:0:7c Vitalink TransLAN III8:0:8 BBN (Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.)8:0:80 XIOS8:0:81 Crosfield Electronics8:0:83 Seiko Denshi8:0:86 Imagen/QMS8:0:87 Xyplex terminal servers8:0:88 McDATA Corporation8:0:89 Kinetics AppleTalk-Ethernet interface8:0:8b Pyramid8:0:8d XyVision XyVision machines8:0:8e Tandem / Solbourne Computer ?8:0:8f Chipcom Corp.8:0:9 Hewlett-Packard8:0:90 Retix, Inc. Bridges8:0:a Nestar Systems8:0:b Unisys8:0:d ICL (International Computers, Ltd.)8:0:e NCR/AT&T8:0:f SMC (Standard Microsystems Corp.)9:0:6a AT&Taa:0:0 DEC obsoleteaa:0:1 DEC obsoleteaa:0:2 DEC obsoleteaa:0:3 DEC Global physical address for some DEC machinesaa:0:4 DEC Local logical address for DECNET systemsc0:0:0 Western Digital (may be reversed 00 00 C0?)ec:10:0 Enance Source Co., Ltd. PC clones(?)。
进口计量器具型式批准信息
2010-C121
20100208
英国Protea Ltd.
傅里叶变换红外多组分气体分析仪（ProtIR
204M/B型）
2010-C122
20100301
法国
AIRMOTEC/CHRO
MATO-SUD
气相色谱仪（GC-866型）
2010-C123
20100301
Co. Ltd
质量流量计(CMFS
010M/010H/010P/015M/015H/015P型)
2010-F143
20100415
德 国KOBOLD
MESSRING GMBH
电磁流量计（PMG型）
2010-F144
20100415
韩国Daehan
In sturme nt Co.,Ltd
楔式流量传感器（DHWM-F, DHWM- T型）
2010-L160
20100518
俄罗斯联邦圣彼得堡 市“西密控”电子集 团
机动车雷达测速仪（ISKRA-MK型）规格：K波段
2010-L161
20100528
日本株式会社索佳 拓普康
全站仪(SET250RX,SET550RX,SET650RX
型)
2010-L162
20100612
美国赛默飞世尔科技 有限公司（瑞士生产）
2010-F145
20100514
瑞士徕卡测量系统股
份有限公司
双频测地型GNSS接收机（GRX1200+GNSS型）
2010-L146
20100514
德国罗伯特博世有限 公司（瑞士生产）
手持式激光测距仪（GLM150型）
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010aWatanabe et al
AbstractShared pixel technology is most common in recent small pixel CMOS image sensors. In the case of vertically shared pixels, it has been observed horizontal line FPN with the period of shared pixels when highlight scene is imaged and integration period is reduced to very short time by electronic shuttering. We present here the reason of the phenomena and the technique for reducing it. As the results, the FPN reduced to below background level.'IntroductionPixel sharing becomes most common technology as pixel size of CMOS image sensors is highly scaled down [1]. Recently, 4-pixel sharing such as 4x1 [2,3,4] and 2x2 [5,6,7] are widely used. In particularly 4x1 sharing, it has been observed horizontal line FPN with the period of shared pixels when highlight scene is imaged and integration period is reduced to very short time by electronic shuttering. Figure 1 shows an example of captured image.We have analyzed the phenomena and attributed it to overflow mechanism from other pixels within shared pixels. To suppress this overflow mechanism, we introduced additional shutter operations before original shutter and after readout. Experimental results based on the suppressing method show that the overflow model is proved and the horizontal line FPN is clearly removed.'AnalysisIn 4x1 pixel sharing, pixel circuit is shown in Figure 2 and readout timing is shown in Figure 3. We consider the case that highlight scene is imaged and integration period is reduced to very short time around one horizontal line period (1H) by electronic shuttering. When first line of shared pixels is readout, only first readout photodiode (PD-1) is below saturation and others (PD-2,PD-3 and PD-4) are over saturation. Therefore, overflow current from three photodiodes are continuously injected to detection node (FD). In Figure 3, the overflow current accumulated in CDS period (Tcds) causes additional signal (Vfpn) on CDS output, which is the difference between reset output at Tr and signal output at Ts. Next, when second line of shared pixels is readout, first and second readout photodiodes (PD-1 and PD-2) are below saturation and others (PD-3 and PD-4) are over saturation, because PD-1 is just after the readout. Therefore, additional signal (Vfpn) of second line is smaller than that of first line. In the same way, additional signals of third and forth lines are smaller than that of first and second lines. As the results, horizontal line FPN with the period of shared pixels will appear. Figure 4 shows those phenomena schematically, where (A) is the case that shutter period is 1H and (B) is the case that the shutter period is 2H. When incident light is strong enough to saturate the photodiode below 3H period, overflow occurs soon after readout, which is shown as ∆2 in Figure 4. Figure 5 is a measured signal output along horizontal line numbers. Pixel size in thisHighlight Scene FPN on Shared Pixels and a Reduction T echniqueTakashi Watanabe, Katsuji Kimura, Masamitsu Taki, Kohji Horikawa, Mitsuru Homma, Shoko Daikoku, Tetsuya Fujimoto, and Kiyotoshi Misawa Imaging and Sensing Module Division, LSI Group, Sharp Corporation, Japan Phone: +81-743-65-0860, Fax: +81-743-65-4847, E-mail:watanabe.takashi@sharp.co.jpcase is 2.2um square. FPN indicated in Figure 4 is clearly observed.The FPN value is proportional to light intensity Vs, time ratio Tcds/Th and shutter period, where Vs is the signal at 1H integration period and Th is a horizontal line period. At 1H-shutter operation, Vfpn=2(Tcds/Th)(Vs)=2∆1. At 2H-shutter operation, Vfpn=(Tcds/Th)(Vs)=∆1. To reduce the FPN, it is effective to reduce the CDS period (Tcds). But reduction of CDS period brings increase of readout band width, which causes increase of readout noise [8]. A certain CDS period should be maintained.'FPN reduction methodTo suppress this overflow mechanism, we introduced additional shutter operations before original shutter and after readout. Figure 6 shows timing diagram of the operation and expected effect. Before normal shutter operations (S), additional shutter operations (S’) are added in all related lines. As the same manner, after normal readout operations (R), additional shutter operations (S’) are added in all related lines. By introducing additional shutter operations, signal charges in photodiodes before shutter and after readout operations are removed and overflow is ceased. As the results, the FPN disappears.'Results and discussionsFigure 7 shows captured image and Figure 8 shows measured signal pattern when the reduction method is applied. The FPN clearly disappears from captured image and signal waveforms. This also proves the overflow model.The improvement method shown in Figure 6 is easily realized in progressive readout mode, but in interlace or random access readout modes, it needs special care for constructing readout logic. In 2x2 pixel sharing architecture, similar overflow effect may occur (See Figure 9). As FPN is 2x2 mode, it may cause coloring effect in Bayer color filter array. The correcting method shown above is also applicable to this case.'ConclusionsIt was found that horizontal line FPN was observed in vertically shared pixels. The FPN was reduced to below background level by introducing additional shutter operation.References[1] R.D.McGrath, et al., “Shared pixels for CMOS image sensor arrays”, Proceeding of 2005 IEEE Workshop on CCD and AIS, R3,2005. [2] H.Takahashi et al., “A 3.9um pixel pitch VGA format 10b digital image sensor with 1.5-transistor/pixel”, ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 6.1, 2004.[3] S.Y oshihara, et al., “A 1/1.8-inch 6.4 M pixel 60 frame/s CMOS image sensor with seamless mode change”, ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 27.1, 2006[4] J.Kim, et al., “1/2.5” 8 mega-pixel CMOS image sensor with enhanced image quality for DSC application”, IEDM Proc., S5P3, 2006 [5] M.Mori, et al., “A 1/4in 2M pixel CMOS image sensor with 1.75 transistor/pixel”, ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 6.2, 2004.[6] M.Cohen, et al., “Fully optimized Cu based process with dedicated cavity etch for 1.75um and 1.45um pixel pitch CMOS image sensors”, IEDM Proc., S5P3, 2006[7] K-B.Cho, et al., “A 1/2.5 inch 8.1M pixel CMOS image sensor for digital cameras”, ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 28.5, 2007[8] L.J.Kozlowski, et al., “Performance limits in visible and infrared image sensors”, IEDM Proc., S36P1, 1999outFigure 1. FPN image at high light sceneFigure 7. Image with FPN reduction operationFigure 3. Timing diagram at readout phaseFigure 2. Pixel layout for 4x1 pixel sharing∆∆∆∆∆(A)Figure 6. FPN reduction timing. (A):1H-shutter, (B):2H-shutter. Figure 8. Waveform with FPN reduction(A)(B)Figure 5. Waveform without FPN reductionFigure 4. FPN caused by overflow current. (A):1H-shutter, (B):2H-shutter.(B)。
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微波线性功率放大器综述
1概述
微波线性功率放大器在现代微波（无线）通信系统中的重要性越来越大。
特别是在CDMA 体制移动通信系统中，线性功率放大器已经是必不可少的重要部件。
2基本指标
2.1 AM/AM AM/PM失真
一个HPA的线性特征可以用AM/AM和AM/PM 曲线来表示. 输入的RF 信号可以表示为：
x(t)=R i(t)⨯cos[ω0t+θx(t)] (1)
相应的输出表示为：
y(t)=G[R i(f)] ⨯cos{ω0t+θx(t)+ψ[R i(f)]} (2)
其中G和ψ表示AM/AM 和AM/PM曲线，如图一。
图. 1 实测的放大器失真曲线
理想的线性功放的曲线如图2。
图. 2 理想的放大器AM/AM和AM/PM曲线
2.2 双音IMD 、IP3、P1dB
双音IMD ，在放大器输入端加入两个CW 信号，在放大器的输出端测量的3阶、5阶等信号大小，以dBc 表示。
IP3
IMD 、IP3及P 1dB 定义图示
2.3 ACPR
ACPR 主要应用在象CDMA 这样的宽频谱信号的研究上。
邻道功率（ACP ）定义为当主信道加一信号时，紧邻主信道的两个信道内的功率大小。
邻道功率的产生主要来自两个方面，一是由于器件的非线性作用产生，二是由于主信道信号本身频谱较信道宽。
ACPR 定义为ACP 功率与主信道功率的比值。
图3 邻道功率（ACP ）定义
图4 器件非线性产生的邻道功率
对移动通信的CDMA 信号而言，其IM3（即ACPR ）与IP3的关系可以通过一公式表示。
IP3=-5log[P IM3(f 1,f 2)B 3/P O [(3B-f 1)3-(3B-f 2)3]]+22.2 (dBm)
其中： P IM3(f 1,f 2) 表示要求的IM3的输出功率（W ）
B 表示二分之一CDMA 信号带宽 （KHz ）
f 1,f 2表示两个边带频率相对于中心频率的差值（KHz ）
P O 表示输出功率（W ）
2.4 级联线性功放的IM3计算
功率放大器一般由多级放大组成，在设计时需要计算，级联后的IM3。
以下公式是一经验公式。
时间证明其准确性是很高的。
设功放由两级组成，第一级IM3表示为IM3D ，第二级IM3表示为IM3F ，则级联后的IM3表示为：
IM3=IM3F + 20log[1+10(IM3D-IM3F/20)]
多级放大器以次类推。
根据该公式绘制的IM3恶化曲线如下图。
036912151821242730
01
2
3
4
5
6
789
10IM3
恶化(dB)IM3F-IM3D (dB)
3预失真线性化技术介绍
预失真的线性化技术是各种线性化技术的基础，其它方法是在此基础上进行的更为完善的处理。
然而就原理来说，都没有超越该技术。
预失真原理描述
Fig.3 Amplifier with Adaptive Predistorte。