CentOS下安装Oracle11.2.0静默模式

CentOS1.操作系统及Oracle版本Linux版本：CentOS release 6.7 (Final)Oracle版本：Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4.0) for Linux x86-64 (linux.p1*******_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip、linux.p1*******_112040_Linux-x86-64_of7.zip)2.硬件检测：物理内存不少于1G硬盘可以空间不少于5Gswap分区空间不少于2G支持256色以上显卡cpu主频不小于550mHZcat /etc/issueuname -r (版本)grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo （内存大小）grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo （交换区大小）grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo （CPU信息）free （可用内存）3.检查安装依赖系统包操作系统依赖的具体包，请参考官方安装文档。

检查依赖包rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelfelfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc-2.5 glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel如果包有显示is not installed(没安装)，就用yum install 命令安装，如：yum install compat-libstdc++-334.创建所需的操作系统组和用户groupadd oinstalluseradd –m -g oinstall oracle设置oracle用户密码passwd oracle5.修改内核参数在/etc/sysctl.conf 文件中，使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下参数kernel.shmmax = 4096000000kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 6815744fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 4194304net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304修改后，使设置生效sysctl -p6.创建安装目录(可根据情况，选择比较多空间的目录创建)mkdir -p /usr/oraclechown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/oraclechmod -R 775 /usr/oracle7.创建/etc/oraInst.loc文件,内容如下nventory_loc=/usr/oracle/oraInventoryinst_group=oinstall更改文件的权限chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.locchmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc8.设置oracle环境变量su - oraclevi ~/.bash_profile在最后加上以下内容export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracleexport ORACLE_SID=orcl注意，除了ORACLE_BASE和ORACLE_SID,( /etc/profile和.bash_profile中)不设置任何oracle相关环境变量(ORACLE_HOME, PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH等)。

使设置生效source /home/oracle/.bash_profile检查环境变量：env9.修改主机名参数文件Su - rootVi /etc/hosts输入IP hostname9.解压oracle安装文件unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zipunzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip10.复制响应文件模板mkdir etccp /home/oracle/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/设置响应文件权限su - rootchmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp（注意所有者，oinstall）11.静默安装Oracle软件su - oracle修改安装Oracle软件的响应文件/home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsporacle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY // 安装类型ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db // 主机名称（hostname查询）UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall // 安装组INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/oracle/oraInventory //INVENTORY目录（不填就是默认值）SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW // 选择语言ORACLE_HOME=/usr/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 // oracle_homeORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracle // oracle_baseoracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE // oracle版本oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false //自定义安装，否，使用默认组件oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba // dba用户组oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall // oper用户组oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE //数据库类型oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl //globalDBName oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl //SIDoracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 //自动管理内存的内存(M)oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle //设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false（手动写了false）DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true //设置安全更新（貌似是有bug，这个一定要选true，否则会无限提醒邮件地址有问题，终止安装。

PS：不管地址对不对）开始静默安装cd database./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp 安装中，如果提示[WARNING]不必理会，此时安装程序仍在进行，如果出现[FATAL]，则安装程序已经停止了。

查看安装日志信息了解安装进度cd $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/logstail -f installActions*.log出现类似如下提示表示安装完成：#------------------------------------------------------------------- /usr/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh/usr/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.shTo execute the configuration scripts:1. Open a terminal window2. Log in as "root"3. Run the scripts4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continueSuccessfully Setup Software.#------------------------------------------------------------------- 使用root用户执行脚本这里是有两个脚本要执行，跑一下就好su root/usr/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh/usr/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh增加oracle环境变量su - oraclevi ~/.bash_profile在最后加上以下内容export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/binexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/libexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JREexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/libexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlibexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlibexport CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlibexport LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib export ORACLE_OWNER=oracleexport SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbsexport ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data使设置生效source /home/oracle/.bash_profile到这里，oracle11g的数据库实例就算是装好了，接下来配置数据库实例的基本参数文件~12.安装库需要相关命令文本，将下列文本文件复制到相关目录，如下复制到/mnt/softwave 目录下，此默认安装ORCL库，需要设置请修改：dbca.rsp参数说明#以下参数不要更改[GENERAL]RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"#以下参数必须设置[CREATEDATABASE]GDBNAME = "ORCL" //设置orclTEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc" //看文件名称#以下参数不设置则使用默认值,建议设置CHARACTERSET = "US7ASCII" 设置为AL32UTF8NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "UTF8"TOTALMEMORY = "1024"执行命令：[oracle@jstun57tyzqm87 database]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent-responseFile /mnt/softwave/orcl.rspEnter SYS user password:Enter SYSTEM user password:Copying database files1% complete3% complete11% complete18% complete26% complete37% completeCreating and starting Oracle instance40% complete45% complete50% complete55% complete56% complete60% complete62% completeCompleting Database Creation66% complete70% complete73% complete85% complete96% complete100% completeLook at the log file"/mnt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log"for further details.上述表述库建立成功由于未找到命令文件，用最原始的方式就是copy，注意，需要修改安装目录13 配置监听下面两个文件listener.ora和sqlnet.ora，直接复制到/mnt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin 即可目录下listener.ora 文件文本ork/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.LISTENER =(DESCRIPTION_LIST =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 计算机名)(PORT = 1521))))ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /mnt/oraclesqlnet.ora 文件下文本# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES, EZCONNECT)ADR_BASE = /mnt/oracle检查监听是配置成功输入：$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0- Production on21-NOV-201522:44:45Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.TNS-01106: Listener using listener name LISTENER has already been started [oracle@jstun57tyzqm87 database]$ lsnrctl stopLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0- Production on21-NOV-201522:47:17Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522))) The command completed successfully[oracle@jstun57tyzqm87database]$ /mnt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0- Production on21-NOV-201522:47:29Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.Starting /mnt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is/mnt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to/mnt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/jstun57tyzqm87/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522))) Listening on:(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1522)))Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522))) STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date 21-NOV-201522:47:29Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0min. 0 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File/mnt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File/mnt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/jstun57tyzqm87/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary...(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1522))) Services Summary...Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfullyThe command completed successfully显示安装配置监听成功在安装成功后，重启数据库时可能会遇到错误ORA-01078: failure in processing system parametersLRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbs/initorcl.ora'解决方法如下：通过sqlplus来连接数据库，在启动oracle时，突然报错：ORA-01078: failure in processing system parametersLRM-00109: could not open parameter file'$ORACLE_HOME/db_1/dbs/initfstest.ora'[oracle@datatest ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Wed Dec 15 10:54:03 2010 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startupORA-01078: failure in processing system parametersLRM-00109: could not open parameter file'/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/dbs/initfstest.ora'原来打不开initfstest.ora，于是进入/oracle/product/11.1.0/oradata/dbs/目录，[oracle@datatest ~]$ cd /oracle/product/11.1.0/oradata/dbs/[oracle@datatest dbs]$ lshc_datatest.dat hc_mm.dat initdw.ora init.ora lkMM orapwmm spfilemm.ora原来是没有initfstest.ora文件解决此问题的方法就是到cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/fstest/pfile/目录下，将ora.1114201016265复制到dbs目录下：cp init.ora.1114201016265/oracle/product/11.1.0/oradata/initfstest.ora然后再次用sqlplus连接数据库[oracle@datatest dbs]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Wed Dec 15 11:04:25 2010 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 954155008 bytesFixed Size 1303916 bytesVariable Size 239078036 bytesDatabase Buffers 708837376 bytesRedo Buffers 4935680 bytesORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode OK了如还是报错。