上海市闵行区2016届高三上学期期末质量调研化学试卷.pdf
[品质管理品质知识]某市市闵行区某某年高三年级质量调研考试化学试卷
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{品质管理品质知识}某市市闵行区某某年高三年级质量调研考试化学试卷A．探究Na与H2O反应可能产生O2B．探究CH4分子是否平面结构C．探究含有酚酞的NaOH溶液中滴入Cl2水，溶液褪色原因可能是HClO的漂白性D．探究浓H2SO4与Cu在一定条件下反应产生的黑色物质中可能有CuS二、选择题(本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项。
)6．下列各物质或微粒性质的比较中正确的是A．沸点：H2O＞H2S＞H2SeB．热稳定性：H2CO3＞NaHCO3＞Na2CO3C．半径：Cl＜Cl－＜S2－D．酸性：H2CO3＜HNO3＜H3PO47．下列实验易成功的是A．将NaNO3固体与浓H2SO4高温强热制HNO3B．将MnO2与NaCl固体、浓H2SO4混合加热制Cl2C．将铁屑、溴水、苯混合制溴苯D．在AgNO3溶液中滴入氨水，待生成的沉淀恰好消失时加福尔马林，产生银镜8．下列观点正确的是A．某单质固体能导电，该单质一定是金属B．某化合物的水溶液能导电，该化合物一定是电解质C．酸与醇的反应不一定是酯化反应D．某纯净物常温常压下为气体，则组成该物质的微粒一定含共价键9．下列说法正确的是A．溶液的pH值越小，溶液中含有的氢离子数就越多B．物质的水溶液浓度越高，则溶液的密度越大C．单质的化学活动性越强，氧化性也越强D．相同条件时，酸性越弱的酸，其对应的钠盐的水溶液碱性越强10．通过对实验现象的观察、分析推理得出正确的结论是化学学习的方法之一，对下列实验现象或操作解释A KI淀粉溶液中通入Cl2，溶液变蓝Cl2能与淀粉发生显色反应B 苯酚中滴加浓溴水，有白色沉淀生成苯酚与溴发生了加成反应C 某溶液中加入硝酸酸化的氯化钡溶液，有白色沉淀生成说明该溶液中含有SO42¯D 分馏操作时，应使温度计水银球靠近蒸馏烧瓶支管口处可以较准确得到不同沸点下的馏分11AA．4.6g乙醇中含有的C－H键的个数为0.6N AB．34gH2O2中含有的阴离子数为N AC．标准状况下，11.2LCHCl3中含有的分子数为0.5N AD．常温常压下，48g氧气和臭氧的混合气体中含有的氧原子总数为3N A12．油脂是重要的营养物质。
上海市闵行区2016届高三上学期期末调研(一模)物理试卷及答案
上海市闵行区2016届高三上学期期末质量调研考试（一模）物理试题考生注意：1．第I卷（1—20题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸上编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
2．第II卷（21—33题）由人工网上阅卷。
考生应用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔将第II卷所有试题的答案写在答题纸上，（作图可用铅笔）。
3．第30、31、32、33题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分。
有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
4．全卷共8页。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（共56分）一．单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确选项。
答案涂写在答题纸上。
）1．下列能源中，属于常规能源的是（）（A）风力资源（B）煤炭资源（C）太阳能（D）核能2．右图的逻辑电路名称及其真值表中X分别为（）（A）与门、0 （B）与门、1（C）或门、0 （D）或门、13．我们能听见建筑物后传来的声音而看不见建筑物后的物体，这是因为（）（A）声波是纵波（B）声波振幅大（C）声波波长较长（D）声波波速较小4．关于能量转化与守恒，下列说法中正确的是（）（A）摩擦生热的过程是不可逆的（B）凡是能量守恒的过程就一定会发生（C）空调既能制热又能制冷，说明热传递不存在方向性（D）由于能的转化过程符合能量守恒定律，所以不会发生能源危机5．平抛运动（）（A）是匀速率曲线运动（B）是匀变速曲线运动（C）是变加速曲线运动（D）不可能是两个直线运动的合运动Z6．如图为某实验器材的结构示意图，金属内筒和绝热外筒间封闭了一定体积的理想气体，内筒中有水。
在对水加热升温的过程中，被封闭的空气（ ） （A ）内能保持不变 （B ）所有分子运动速率都增大 （C ）分子势能减小 （D ）分子平均动能增大7．布朗运动实验中得到某个观测记录如图，图中记录的是（ ） （A ）分子无规则运动的情况 （B ）某个微粒做布朗运动的轨迹（C ）某个微粒做布朗运动的速度—时间图线（D ）按等时间间隔依次记录的某个运动微粒位置的连线8．物块静止在固定的斜面上，再分别按图示方向对物块施加大小相等的力F ，A 中F 垂直于斜面向上，B 中F 垂直于斜面向下，C 中F 竖直向上，D 中F 竖直向下，施力后可能会使物块沿斜面下滑的是（ ）二．单项选择题（共24分，每小题3分。
上海市闵行区2016届高三上学期期末质量调研考试(一模)英语试题
闵行区2015学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I 卷（第1-11页）和第II 卷（第12页），全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第I 卷 (共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A writer.B. A teacher.C. A reporter.D. A student. 2. A. In a bookstore.B. In a library.C. In a classroom.D. In an apartment. 3. A. The long walking hours.B. The hot weather.C. The boring work.D. The fan in the room.4. A. She has always enjoyed great popularity.B. She expected more people at her party.C. She threw a surprise party for her friends.D. She enjoys entertaining little children.5. A. Look for a place near her office. B. Find a new job down the street. C. Make inquires elsewhere.D. Rent the $600 apartment. 6. A. Sick.B. Quite well.C. Excited.D. Confused.7. A. She had the printer repaired.B. She chatted online with a friend.C. She filled in an application form.D. She ordered some paper.8. A. He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B. He has been extremely busy recently.C. He has gained some weight lately.D. He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday. 9. A. He doesn ‟t like abstract paintings.B. Women have a better artistic taste than men.学校_______________________ 班级__________ 准考证号_________ 姓名______________…………………密○………………………………………封○………………………………………○线…………………………………C. He isn‟t good at abstract thinking.D. The woman possesses a natural talent for art.10. A. He is confident he will get the job.B. His chance of getting the job is slim.C. It isn‟t easy to find a qualified candidate.D. The interview didn‟t go as well as he had expected.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A special CD. B. A photograph of the mystery star.C. Two concert tickets.D. A latest record.12. A. After a tragic accident happened. B. When he formed the habit of using drugs.C. When his wife left him.D. After he succeeded in the late 90‟s.13. A. A free concert. B. Life of a pop star.C. A famous guitar player.D. A sad song Tears in Heaven.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.B. It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.C. It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.D. It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds.15. A. People will have to rely on kudzu for a living.B. They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.C. They will become too hard to plough.D. People will find it hard to protect the soil.16. A. The farmers there have brought it under control.B. The factories there have found a good use for it.C. The soil there is not so suitable for the plant.D. The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)A few years ago, Maxine Bedat looked in her closet. It was full of clothes, but she had nothing to wear. “That was (25)______ it was a closet full of fast fashion based on hyper-trends (超时尚) from one season to the nex t,” said Maxine.“Fast fashion” means clothes which are inexpensive but look like (26)______ (late) designs from top fashion houses. One reason for the success of the fast fashion is the rise of the social media. A report found that Millennials (千禧一代) want to wear a variety of clothes in the photos they post on social media. As a result, many businesses which offer trendy and low-cost clothes grow quickly.However, some Millennials are not happy with the rise of fast fashion. Maxine was tired of always shopping for (27)______ was in style. Instead, she wanted to buy fewer clothes she could wear over and over. So Maxine started a “slow fashion” clothing company called Zady. Theclothes it sells often feature classic colors and shapes, and are made from natural materials.The international business H&M, one of the best-known fast fashion brands, has another approach to “slow fashion.” It has created a recycling program for clothes, (28)______ invites people to bring clothes they no longer want to H&M stores. Shoppers who donate old clothes can receive (29)______ discount on new things they buy. After that, H&M does several things with shoppers‟ old clothes. Some of them are sold again. Some are turned into other useful items. And the rest (30)______(reduce) to fiber (纤维制品) that can be reused as building materials.Here (31)______(come) stylish but sustainable fashion. Are you ready to move over fast fashion?(B)Brad closed the door slowly as Sue left home to visit her mother. (32) ______(Expect) a whole day to relax, he was thinking whether to read the newspaper or watch his favourite TV talk show on his first day off in months. “This will be (33)______ a walk in the park,” he‟d told his wife. “I‟ll look after the kids, and you can go visit your mom.”Things started well, but just after eight o‟clock, his three little “good kids”—Mike, Randy, and Alex—came down the stairs in their night clothes and shouted “breakfast, daddy.” When food had not appeared within thirty seconds, Randy began using his spoo n on Alex‟s head (34) ______ ______ it were a drum. Alex started to shout loudly in time to the beat. Mike chanted “Where‟s my toast, where‟s my toast” in the background. Brad realized his newspaper would have to wait for a few seconds.Life became worse a fter breakfast. Mike wore Randy‟s underwear on his head. Randy locked (35) ______ in the bathroom, while Alex shouted again because he was going to wet his pants. Nobody could find clean socks, (36) ______ they were before their very eyes. Someone (37) ______(name) “Not Me” had spilled a whole glass of orange juice into the basket of clean clothes. Brad knew the talk show had already started.By ten o‟clock, things were out of control. Alex was wondering why the fish in the jar refused his bread and butter. Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils. Randy, thankfully, appeared (38) ______(draw) a picture quietly in the family room，but closer examination showed that he was eating apple jam straight from the bottle with his hands. Brad realized that the talk show was over and (39)______(read) would be impossible.At exactly 11:17, Brad called the daycare centre. “I suddenly have to go into work and my wife‟s away. (40)______ I bring the boys over in a few minutes?” The answer was obviously “yes” because Brad was smiling.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beDogs Used to Be More Like CatsResearchers studying fossils (化石) of the early ancestors of dogs that lived up to 40 million years ago believe the predators (捕食性动物) evolved as a direct consequence of climate change. The study claims the (41)______ transformed man‟s best friend from a creature t hat behaved more like a cat, into the canine (犬) we know and love today.Ancestors of dogs living in North America 40 million years ago were ambush (伏击式) predators—in a(n) (42)______ way to cats‟. But a million years later, the thick forest that once covered the continent began to give way to grasslands. This led to a(n) (43)______ in the body shape and hunting behavior of dogs, turning them into animals that no longer (44)______ their prey (猎物), but chased it down instead.This evolutionary transition was (45)______ by the scientists who examined the elbows and teeth of 32 species of dogs that lived between 40 million and two million years ago.“The elbow is a really good (46)______ of what carnivores (食肉动物) are doing with their forelimbs (前肢), which tells their entire (47)______ abilities,” said Brown University‟s Christine Janis, who led the study.The research was based on an analysis of fossil specimens (标本) in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. It suggests dog evolution was directly related to climate change. After all, it was not (48)______ to operate as a pursuit-and-pounce predator until there was room to run.If predators evolved with climate change over the last 40 million years, the authors argue they may continue to (49)______ in response to the present global warming trend. In this way, the results of the study could help (50)______ how animals may look in the future.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. 51 , according to an official report on youth violence, “i n our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but t he terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the case, why aren‟t students taught to manage 52 the way they are taught to solve math problems or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is 53 . A report indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor 54 . For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. 55the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. Th e problem isn‟t in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can 56 the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, 57 words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key 58 for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to make the speaker‟s position clear. Then the two people should change 59 .60 , students need to consider wh at they are hearing. This doesn‟t mean trying to figure out what‟s wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to 61 . For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes 62 , the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn‟t, 63 thought helps both sides figure out a better solution.After students started a conflict resolution, there has been an increase in student 64 . Learning to resolve conflicts can help students 65 friends, teachers, parents, bosses and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.51. A. As a result B. In fact C. By contrast D. On the contrary52. A. conflict B. lives C. relationships D. affairs53. A. violent B. global C. unresolved D. unavoidable54. A. remark B. assumption C. insult D. resolution55. A. Preference for B. Particularity about C. Complaint over D. Laughter over56. A. interpret B. practice C. assess D. bend57. A. soft B. tough C. critical D. clear58. A. measure B. strategy C. assessment D. application59. A. responses B. attitudes C. roles D. intentions60. A. Contrarily B. Relatively C. Consequently D. Finally61. A. accomplish B. ignore C. foresee D. seek62. A. wider B. clearer C. more complex D. more critical63. A. unselfish B. initial C. inspiring D. careful64. A. cooperation B. argument C. gratitude D. support65. A. admire B. select C. deal with D. back upSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)(You may read the questions first.)66. If you carry the Service Card or the Cash Card, ________.A. you can use it to guarantee things as you wishB. you can draw your money from cash machines convenientlyC. you can spend as much money as you like without a limitD. you have to pay some extra money when you pay for services in the UK67. If you withdraw￡200 from a cash machine abroad, you will be charged ________.A. ￡4B. ￡4.5C. ￡5.25D. ￡5.368. Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?A. You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.B. You can use the card in any shop across the world.C. You will be charged some interest beyond two months.D. You will gain one air mile if you spend ￡20 on traveller‟s cheques.69. The purpose of the passage is to show you how to ________.A. pay for goods with your cardsB. use your cards abroadC. draw cash with your cardsD. play your cards right(B)A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna (热带草原) elephant.Once they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils，mammoths and mastodons，the team compared them with DNA from modern elephants. They found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephants and the African forest elephants have been distinct species for several million years. The separation of the two species took place around the time of the separation of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.There has long been a debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species despite the ele phants‟ signi ficant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. The savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However, the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA.Alfred Roca, assistant professor in the department of Animal Sciences at the University ofMinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation (保护) purpose. Since 1950 all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority for conse rvation purpose.”70. One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________.A. the Asian elephantB. the forest elephantC. the savanna elephantD. the mastodon elephant71. The researche r‟s conclusion was based on a study of the Af rican elephant‟s ________.A. DNAB. heightC. weightD. population72. Alfred Roca‟s words were mainly about ________.A. the purpose of studying African elephantsB. the conservation of African elephantsC. the way to divide African elephants into two unitsD. the reason for the distinction of African elephants73. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Naturalist‟s Belief about Elephants.B. Amazing Experiment about Elephants.C. An Unexpected Finding about Elephants.D. A Long scientific Debate about Elephants.(C)A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the story of the games is analyzed they can be seen to fall into some styles. The two style s most popular with the children I interviewed were …Platformers‟ and …Beat-them-ups.‟ Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused concern over their violent content. These games involve fights between animated (动画的) characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within children‟s cartoons where a character i s hit over the head or falls off a cliff but walks away unscathed.Argument has occurred in part because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill over into children‟s everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violen t and aggressive after longtime exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense frustration and anger wh ich often expresses itself in aggressive …yells‟ at the screen. It is not only the …Beat-them-up‟ games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their …lives‟ and …die‟ just before the end of the le vel is reached. Computer gaming relies upon intense concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination (协调). When the player loses and the words …Game over‟ appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration a t being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. This anger and aggression could perhaps be compared to the aggressionfelt when playing football and you take your eye off the ball and enable the opposition to score. The annoyance experienced wh en defeated at a computer game is what makes gaming …addictive‟: the player is determined not to make the same mistake again and to have …one last go‟ in the hope of doing better next time.Some of the concern over the violence of computer games has been about children who are unable to tell the difference between fiction and reality and who act out the violent moves of the games in fight on the playground. The problem with video games is that they involve children more than television or films and this means there are more implications for their social behavior. Playing these games can lead to anti-social behavior, make children aggressive and affect their emotional stability.74. The best title for the passage is _______.A. How to control anger while playing computer gamesB. There is no difference between …Platformers‟and …Beat-Them-Ups‟C. How does playing computer games affect the level of violence in childrenD. How to make children spend less time on computer games75. The word “unscathed” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.A. unharmedB. unbeatenC. unsettledD. unhappy76. According to Paragraph 2, how does violence relate to playing computer games?A. Beat-Them-Ups are more popular with children therefore more likely to produce v iolent behavior.B. When losing computer games children tend to experience frustration and anger.C. People who have good hand-eye-coordination tend to be more violent than others.D. The violent content in the games gets children addicted to the games.77. According to the author, why do video games lead to violence more than TV or movies?A. Because children cannot tell fiction from reality.B. Because children like to act out the scenes in the games on the playground.C. Because computer games can produce more anti-social behavior.D. Because computer games involve children more than TV or films.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Gift certificates, or rather their high-tech new replacements, gift cards, are America‟s most popular present. They spare gift-givers the tension of choosing anything specific, and receivers the horror of having to keep the result. Retailers like them too, because they are quite profitable. But like most goods in the recession (衰退), they have become harder to shift, prompting some radical redesigns.Gift cards are profitable because retailers receive money for them up from, and around 10% of them are never redeemed (收回), according to Lew Paine of the GFK Group, a market-research firm. When people do use them, they often spend more than the amount given, on products with high margins.But sales of gift cards were down by around 6% last year in America, to about $25 billion, partly because discounts in stores were so steep that customers saw more value in buying products directly. Bankruptcies (破产) among retailers also scared people away from gift cards, for fear that stores would not be around to honour them. Some financial-services companies that offer gift cards which can be used in various stores, including Visa and American Express, came under fire for charging monthly maintenance fees on unspent balances.Analysts expect another tough holiday season for gift cards this year. Sales will be down by about 5%, projects Archstone Consulting, which studies the business. Retailers are trying to counter this decline by making gift cards more attractive. One approach is to add nifty (俏皮的) packaging. Target, for example, is selling gift cards that double as wind-up toys or play recorded greetings. Other retailers have launched schemes that let people e-mail one another electronic gift certificates, which the receivers can then print out for use.Some retailers have even given gift cards away in an effort to drum up business. Neiman Marcus, for example, sent $50 gift cards to big customers to tempt them back for further shopping. Target will give a $l0 gift card to people who spend $l00 before noon on the Friday after Thanksgiving, which is considered the start of the holiday shopping season. Such handouts can be cheaper than sharp store-wide discounts, which proved destructive to profits last year. Expiration dates add a sense of urgency, which retailers are eager to promote.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS)78. The reason for the popularity of gift cards to gift-givers is that they don‟t have to worryabout _________________________________________________.79. Some financial-services companies that offer gift cards were criticized last year because___________________________________.80. Give one example of retailers‟ responding to the decline of the sales of gift cards according tothe passage.81. Retailers gave out handouts to promote consumption last year, but their efforts turned out_________________________________.第II 卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82. 屠呦呦是中国第一个被授予诺贝尔奖的女科学家。
《上海市闵行区届高三上学期期末质量抽测(一模)(化学)》
上海市闵行区2018 届高三上学期期末质量抽测（一模）化学试卷考生注意：１．答卷前，考生务必在答题纸大将学校、姓名及准考据号填写清楚，并在规定的地区填涂有关信息。
答题时客观题用2B 铅笔涂写，主观题用黑色水笔填写。
２．本试卷共有60 题，共 12 页。
满分 150 分，考试时间120 分钟。
３．请将答案写在答题纸上，考试后只交答题纸，试卷由考生自己保存。
第I卷 (共66分)相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Cl-19 Na-23 S-32 Fe-56一、选择题（此题共l0 分，每题 2 分，只有一个正确选项。
）1.“节能减排”是可连续发展的一项重要措施。
以下图标中，属于节能标记的是A B C D2．氧化复原反响与四种基本反响种类的关系以下图。
以下化学反响属于暗影部的是化合反响A． 2Na222→2Na23+O2分解反响O +2CO CO氧化复原反响B． 2NaHCO 3Na 2CO3+H 2O+CO 2↑置换反响复分解反响C． 4Fe(OH) 2+O 2+2H 2O→ 4Fe(OH) 3D ． Cl2+2KBr →Br 2+2KCl3．以下有关化学用语中不可以表现氮原子核外电子能量有差别的是1s2s2pA．NB．C．4．以下有关乙醇的表达正确的选项是A．乙醇分子中含有甲基，甲基的电子式为：B ．乙醇构造简式为：C2H6OC．乙醇分子中羟基电子式：O H D． 1s22s22p3HC HHD．乙醇分子的比率模型为：5．氯化钠是平时生活中特别重要的化合物之一，联合你掌握的化学知识，以下说法合理的是A．锌粒与盐酸反响时，若加入适当氯化钠晶体，可显然加速反响速率B．氯化钠中所含化学键为离子键，含离子键的化合物必定是离子化合物C．标准状况下，氯化钠溶液呈中性，溶液的pH=7D．氯化钠溶液导电是化学变化，而熔融态氯化钠导电是物理变化二、选择题（此题共36 分，每题 3 分，只有一个正确选项。
上海市闵行区2016届九年级上学期质量调研考试化学试题解析(解析版)
相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40 Cu-64一、选择题（每小题只有一个正确选项，共40分）1．不属于化学研究物质范畴的是A．宏观组成B．化学性质C．变化规律D．运动状态【答案】D【解析】试题分析：化学是严禁物质的组成、结构、性质以及变化规律的科学。
故选D。
考点：化学的研究范畴2．属于物理变化的是A．食物腐败B．香水挥发C．火柴燃烧D．铁器生锈【答案】B【解析】试题分析：物理变化和化学变化的根本区别在于是否有新物质生成，如果有新物质生成，则属于化学变化；反之，则是物理变化。
食物腐败发生的是缓慢氧化，生成了新物质属化学变化；香水挥发发生的是扩散，香水由液态变成气体，没有生成新物质属化学变化；火柴燃烧生成了新物质属化学变化；铁器生锈，铁变成铁锈，有新物质的生成，属于化学变化。
故选B。
考点：化学变化和物理变化的判断3．属于纯净物的是A．氧气B．空气C．矿泉水D．大理石【答案】A【解析】试题分析：纯净物由一种物质组成。
故选A。
考点：纯净物4．不属于绿色能源的是A．氢能B．汽油C．风能D．太阳能【答案】B【解析】试题分析：汽油燃烧会产生一氧化碳等五人空气的物质，不属绿色能源。
故选B。
考点：化学能源5．属于溶液的是A．牛奶B．蒸馏水C．汽水D．豆浆【答案】C【解析】试题分析：溶液是均一稳定的混合物。
故选C。
考点：溶液6．互为同素异形体的一组物质是A．金刚石和石墨B．双氧水和水C．干冰和冰D．氧气和液氧【答案】A【解析】试题分析：由同种元素组成的不同种单质属同素异形体。
故选A。
考点：同素异形体7．常温下测得一些食物的近似pH，显碱性的是A．苹果汁：3.1 B．番茄汁：4.2 C．牛奶：6.5 D．玉米粥：7.5【答案】D【解析】试题分析：PH>时呈碱性。
故选D。
考点：溶液的PH8．MgO是一种耐火材料，其中镁元素的化合价为A．－1 B．－2 C．+1 D．+2【答案】D【解析】试题分析：根据“在化合物中，正负化合价的代数和为零”的原则，已知O的化合价为-2价，设镁元素的化合价为x，则x+（-2）=0，解得x=+2，故选D。
上海市闵行区2016届高三第一学期质量调研考试生命科学试卷含答案
2015学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试生命科学试卷考生注意：1．全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔将学校、姓名及准考证号填写、涂清楚。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
一．选择题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1．下列物质中，不属于脂质的是……………………………………………………（）A．磷脂B．脂肪C．纤维素D．胆固醇2．用班氏试剂鉴定还原性糖时，溶液的颜色变化过程为…………………………（）A．淡蓝色→棕色→红黄色B．无色→淡蓝色→棕色C．红黄色→淡蓝色→棕色D．棕色→绿色→棕色3．下列哪一组物质的基本组成单位相同…………………………………………（）A. 植物的纤维素和生长素B. 动物的糖原和抗体C. 人的胰岛素和性激素D. 细菌的核区DNA和质粒4．右图为细胞膜的亚显微结构模式图。
下列叙述不正确的是……………………（）A．b构成了细胞膜的基本骨架B．细胞膜的流动性与c、d均有关C．d的种类和数量越多，细胞的功能越复杂D．a在细胞的内侧，具有细胞识别的功能5．某多肽分子结构如下图所示，该多肽分子中的肽键数和氨基酸种类为……（）A．2 个、1 种B．2 个、2种C．3个、2种D．2个、3种6．在信使RNA分子结构中，相邻的碱基G与C之间是通过什么结构连接而成…（）A．3个氢键B．—脱氧核糖—磷酸基—脱氧核糖—C．—核糖—磷酸基—核糖—D．—磷酸基—核糖—磷酸基—7．保护生物多样性的三个层次中，最核心的并关系其他两个层次存亡的是…（）A．遗传多样性B．物种多样性C．生物群落多样性D．生态系统的多样性8．现代进化理论认为，突变和基因重组为生物进化提供了原材料，下列变异现象不属于此类变异范畴的是………………………………………………………………（）A．无籽西瓜B．白眼果蝇种群中出现了红眼C．21三体综合征D．无籽番茄9．实验中，从菠菜叶中提取叶绿素体中色素的常用试剂是………………………（）A．蒸馏水B．无水乙醇C．1%NaCl D．3%HCl10．右图为有关细胞分裂的概念图，下列说法正确的是…………………………（）A．①过程中无纺锤体和染色体出现，不发生DNA复制B．②过程中，染色体与核DNA分子在数目上具有平行关系C．②过程有利于维持亲子代细胞遗传物质的稳定性D．③过程中具有2个细胞周期，精原细胞以②或③的方式增殖11．下列关于物质转运出入细胞的方式，正确的是………………………………（）A．神经递质穿过突触后膜的方式是主动运输B．只有在主动运输时，才会发生载体蛋白与被运输物质结合而改变形状的现象C．胞吞和胞吐是细胞最重要的吸收或排出物质的方式D．渗透作用的方向就是水分子从浓度低的一侧进入浓度高的一侧12．右图为细胞核结构模式图，下列有关叙述不正确的是…（）A．①主要由DNA和蛋白质组成，在细胞分裂不同时期呈不同状态B．②是产生核糖体、mRNA和合成蛋白质的场所C．③在细胞周期中发生周期性变化，其主要成分是磷脂和蛋白质D．蛋白质可由核孔进入细胞核，而mRNA正好相反13．下表为某培养基的配方，有关叙述正确的是……………（）A．此培养基属通用培养基，可以鉴别出大肠杆菌B．能在此培养基上生长的大肠杆菌，拟核上有青霉素的基因C．此培养基可以用于选育转基因大肠杆菌菌种的基因工程的操作过程中D．此培养基可以用来检测自来水中细菌含量是否符合饮用水标准14．右图为人工培养的肝细胞中DNA含量随时间变化的曲线，培养中所有细胞都处于细胞周期的同一阶段。
闵行区2016学年第一学期高三质量调研考试
闵行区 2016 学年第一学期高三质量调研考试均匀52物理试卷考生注意：1．第 I 卷（ 1—12 题）由机器阅卷，答案一定所有涂写在答题纸上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用 2B 铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸上编号一一对应，不可以错位。
答案涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
2．第 II 卷（ 13— 20 题）由人工网上阅卷。
考生应用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔将第 II 卷所有试题的答案写在答题纸上，（作图可用铅笔）。
3．第 18、19、20 题要求写出必需的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不可以得分。
相关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中一定明确写出数值和单位。
4．全卷共 6 页。
满分 100 分。
考试时间60 分钟。
第 I卷（共 40分）一、单项选择题（共40 分，每题有且只有一个正确答案，1-8 题每题 3分， 9-12 题每题 4分）1．教科书中这样表述牛顿第必定律：全部物体总保持匀速直线运动状态或静止状态，直到有外力迫使它改变这类状态为止。
此中“改变这类状态” 指的是改变物体的（）（ A ）加快度（ B）速度（ C）地点（D）受力2．以下图是一个玩具陀螺，a、 b 和 c 是陀螺表面上的三个点 . 当陀螺绕垂直于地面的轴线以角速度ω 稳固旋转时，以下表述正确的选项是（）ω（ A ）a、 b 和 c 三点的线速度大小相等ab （ B ） a、b 两点的线速度一直相同（ C） a、b 两点的角速度比 c 的角速度大c（ D ）a、 b 两点的加快度比 c 点的加快度大3．以下图，欲使在粗拙斜面上匀速下滑的木块 A 停下，可采纳的方法是（）（ A ）增大斜面的倾角A（ B ）对木块 A 施加一个垂直于斜面向下的力（ C）对木块 A 施加一个竖直向下的力θ（ D ）在木块 A 上再叠放一个重物4．以下实验中不属于用模拟法进行实验的是（）．．．（ A ）用导电纸描述静电场中平面上的等势线（ B ）用铁屑显示通电导线四周的磁感线散布（C）将一桶钢珠连续倒在一台秤上，以台秤上显示连续的压力来说明气体压强的成因（D ）用油膜法估测分子直径5．如图，张口向下的玻璃管竖直插在水银槽中，管内关闭了必定质量的气体，管内液面高于水银槽中液面。
上海市闵行区2016届高三上学期质量调研考试生物试题
一．选择题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1．下列物质中，不属于脂质的是……………………………………………………（）A．磷脂B．脂肪C．纤维素D．胆固醇【答案】C【解析】试题分析：磷脂属于脂质，A正确；脂肪属于脂质，B正确；纤维素属于糖类，不属于脂质，C错误；胆固醇是一种固醇，而固醇属于脂质，D正确；答案是C。
考点：本题考查脂质的相关知识，意在考查学生能理解所学知识的要点，把握知识间的内在联系，形成知识网络结构的能力。
2．用班氏试剂鉴定还原性糖时，溶液的颜色变化过程为…………………………（）A．淡蓝色→棕色→红黄色B．无色→淡蓝色→棕色C．红黄色→淡蓝色→棕色D．棕色→绿色→棕色【答案】A【解析】试题分析：斐林试剂的甲液和乙液混合后立即生成淡蓝色的Cu（OH）2沉淀．Cu（OH）2与加入的葡萄糖在加热的条件下，能够生成红黄色的Cu2O沉淀，而葡萄糖被氧化成葡萄糖酸，因此溶液的颜色变化过程为：浅蓝色→棕色→红黄色（沉淀）。
答案是A。
考点：本题考查检测还原糖的实验的相关知识，意在考查学生能理解所学知识的要点，把握知识间的内在联系，形成知识网络结构的能力。
3．下列哪一组物质的基本组成单位相同…………………………………………（）A. 植物的纤维素和生长素B. 动物的糖原和抗体C. 人的胰岛素和性激素D. 细菌的核区DNA和质粒【答案】D【解析】试题分析：纤维素是多糖，基本单位是葡萄糖，生长素的本质是吲哚乙酸，A错误；动物的糖原是多糖，抗体是蛋白质，因此两者的基本组成单位不同，B错误；人的胰岛素是蛋白质，而性激素属于脂质，因此两者的基本组成单位不同，C错误；大肠杆菌的质粒是双链环状DNA分子，两者的基本组成单位相同，都是脱氧核苷酸，D正确；答案是D。
考点：本题考查组成细胞的元素和化合物的相关知识，意在考查学生能理解所学知识的要点，把握知识间的内在联系，形成知识网络结构的能力。
4．右图为细胞膜的亚显微结构模式图。
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闵行区201第一学期高三年级质量调研考试 化学试卷 考生注意： 1．答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚，并在规定的区域填涂相关信息。
答题时客观题用2B铅笔涂写，主观题用黑色水笔填写。
2．本试卷共有56题，共10页。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
3．请将答案写在答题纸上，考试后只交答题纸，试卷由考生自己保留。
相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 S-32 Cl-35.5 Fe-56 Cu-64 一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项） 1．化学用语准确的是 A．铁触煤 B．氨盐 C．硬脂酸 D．活性碳 2．元素周期表中氧元素的数据见右图，说法正确的是 A．氧元素的质量数是16 B．氧元素的相对原子质量是16.00 C．氧原子2p亚层有一个未成对电子 D．氧原子最外层有6个能量相同的电子 3．下列变化不涉及氧化还原反应的是 A．明矾净水 B．钢铁生锈 C．海水提溴 D．工业固氮 4．用化学方法不能实现的是 A．生成一种新分子 B．生成一种新离子 C．生成一种新单质 D．生成一种新原子 5．氮氧化铝(AlON)是一种空间网状结构，硬度大熔点高的透明材料，描述正确的是 A．含有离子键 B．属于原子晶体 C．既有离子键又有共价键 D．属于晶体 二、选择题（本题共36分，每小题3分，每题只有一个正确选项） 6．关于煤与石油化工的说法，正确的是 A．煤焦油干馏可得到苯、甲苯等 B．煤裂化可得到汽油、柴油、煤油等轻质油 C．石油分馏可得到乙烯、丙烯等重要化工产品 D．石油主要是各种烷烃、环烷烃和芳香烃组成的混合物 7．有关浓硫酸的性质或作用，叙述错误的是 A．浓硫酸的脱水性是化学性质 B．使铁、铝钝化表现了强氧化性 C．制备乙酸乙酯的反应中起催化脱水作用 D．与氯化钠固体共热制氯化氢气体时，表现强酸性 8．已建立化学平衡的某可逆反应，当改变条件使平衡向正反应方向移动，正确的是 A．生成物的百分含量一定增加 B．正反应速率大于逆反应速率 C．反应物的转化率一定增大 D．反应物浓度一定降低 9．某温度下，浓度为a mol/L的一元酸HA与b mol/L的一元碱BOH等体积混合，该溶液呈中性的依据是 A．a＝b B．HA与BOH的电离常数相等 C．混合溶液中，c(H＋)＝ mol/L D．混合溶液中，c(H＋)＋c(B＋)＝c(OH－)＋c(A－) 10．类比推断是学习化学的一种重要方法，推断正确的是 A．电解熔融NaCl制取Na，故电解熔融MgCl2也能制取Mg B．Fe与CuSO4溶液反应置换出Cu，故Na也能从CuSO4溶液中置换出Cu C．通常元素的价态越高对应物质的氧化性越强，故HClO4的氧化性强于HClO D．CO2和Na2O2反应生成Na2CO3和O2，故SO2和Na2O2反应生成Na2SO3和O2 11．右图为周期表中短周期的一部分，若R原子核外有3个未成对电子，说法正确的是 RXYZA．原子半径大小顺序是：Y>X>R B．其气态氢化物的稳定性顺序是：Z>Y>X>R C．X、Y、Z中Z的氧化物对应的水化物的酸性最强 D．R的气态氢化物与它的含氧酸之间能发生化学反应 12．氯雷他定是缓解过敏症状的药物，其分子结构简式如图，说法正确的是 A．该分子中存在肽键 B．最多可以有12个碳原子共平面 C．1 mol氯雷他定最多可与8 mol氢气发生加成反应 D．能与NaOH溶液反应，但不能与NaHCO3溶液反应 ．化学反应时，反应物的量不同，产物或现象可能会发生变化。
下列正确的是 A．硫在少量氧气中燃烧成SO2，过量能生成SO3 B．铁丝在少量氯气中燃烧生成FeCl2，过量则生成FeCl3 C．氯水滴入淀粉碘化钾稀溶液中，少量氯水有蓝色，过量蓝色消失 D．NaClO溶液中通少量CO2生成Na2CO3和HClO，过量生成NaHCO3和HClO ．右图是模拟电化学反应装置图。
下列说法正确的是 A．若X为碳棒，开关K置于N处，可以加快铁的腐蚀 B．若X为碳棒，开关K置于N处，则X极附近溶液变黄色 C．若X为锌，开关K置于M处，保护铁电极则为牺牲阳极的阴极保护法 D．若X为锌，开关K置于M处，则X电极的反应式为：O2+4e+2H2O→4OH－ 15．利用下列实验装置能完成相应实验的是 装置装置装置装置A．装置可干燥、收集并吸收多余的NH3B．装置除去CO2中含有的少量HClC．装置可以制备大量的乙炔气体D．装置不添加任何仪器即可检查气密性16．已知N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)+Q1反应历程的能量变化如曲线I，说法正确的是 A．1molN≡N键能与3molH－H键能之和大于6molN－H键能，所以反应为放热 B．N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(l)+Q反应历程的能量变化如曲线，则Q>Q1 C．选择合适的催化剂，可以降低反应所需温度，Q1值也相应减少 D．2mol氨气的能量高于1mol氮气和3mol氢气的能量之和，所以反应需要高温17．有一未知的无色溶液，只可能含有以下离子中的若干种(忽略由水电离产生的H+、OH－)：H+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Al3+、NO3－、CO32－，现取样逐滴滴加NaOH溶液，测得沉淀与NaOH溶液的体积关系如图。
以下推测错误的是 A．原溶液一定不存在H+、Cu2+、CO32－ B．不能确定原溶液是否含有K＋、NO3－ C．原溶液中n(Mg2+):n(Al3+):n(NH4+)＝11∶2 D．实验所加的NaOH溶液浓度为2mol/L 三、选择题（本题共20分，每小题4分，每小题有一或两个正确选项。
只有一个正确选项的多选不给分；有两个正确选项的选对一个给2分，选错一个，该小题不给分） 18．焙烧黄铜矿：2CuFeS2+O2→Cu2S+2FeS+SO2，下列说法正确的是 A．SO2既是氧化产物又是还原产物 B．CuFeS2仅作还原剂，硫元素被氧化 C．每生成1 mol Cu2S，同时生成22.4L SO2 D．有0.2 mol硫被氧化时，转移1.2NA个电子 19．下列离子方程式正确的是 A．苯酚与碳酸氢钠溶液混合：CH5OH+ HCO3－→CH5O－+ CO+ H2O B．向FeBr2溶液中通入等量Cl2：2Fe2++2Br－+2Cl2→2Fe3++Br2+4Cl－ C．将Al投入NaOH的重水溶液：2Al+2OH－+2D2O→2AlO2 －+3D2↑ D．Ca(HCO3)2溶液中加入足量的Ba(OH)2溶液： Ca2+＋2HCO3－＋2OH－→CaCO3↓＋CO32－＋2H2O 20．某密闭容器中充入等物质的量的气体A和B，一定温度下发生反应：A(g)＋xB(g) 2C(g)，达到平衡后，只改变反应的一个条件，测得容器中物质的浓度、反应速率随时间的变化关系如图所示。
下列说法中正确的是 A．反应方程式中的x＝1 ．该反应为放热反应 ．30 min时改变的条件是加入催化剂 ．前30 min内 A的反应速率为0.05 mol/(L·min) 21．某温度下，体积和pH都相同的盐酸和氯化铵溶液加水稀释时的pH变化曲线如图所示，下列判断正确的是 A．a、b、c三点溶液的离子浓度之和a＞b＞c B．b点溶液中c(H+)+c(NH3·H2O)=c(OH－) C．用等浓度的NaOH溶液和等体积b、c处溶液 反应，恰好反应时消耗NaOH溶液的体积Vb=Vc D．a、b、c三点溶液中水的电离程度 a＞b＞c 22．工业炼铁用一氧化碳还原氧化铁时会发生如下一系列反应： 3Fe2O3+CO→2Fe3O4+CO2 Fe3O4+CO→3FeO+CO2 FeO+CO→Fe+CO2 某次实验中，用CO还原4.80g氧化铁，当固体质量变成4.56g时，测得此固体中只存在2种氧化物。
此固体成分和它们的物质的量之比可能的是 A．n(FeO):n(Fe3O4)=11 B．n(Fe2O3):n(FeO)=21 C．n(Fe2O3):n(FeO)=12 D．n(Fe2O3):n(Fe3O4)=11 四、（本题共12分） 氯的氧化物是氯与氧的二元化合物的总称，也称为氧化氯。
目前Cl2O、ClO2、Cl2O7已能制取。
有关数据见下表： 化学式Cl2OClO2Cl2O7相对分子质量8767.5183沸点/29.781 完成下列填空： 23．Cl2O是 酸的酸酐，Cl2O电子式为 。
24．下列能判断Cl和O两种元素非金属性强弱的是______(选填编号)。
a．氧化氯的分子式 b．与金属反应得电子的数目 c．气态氢化物的稳定性 d．最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性 25．根据分子间作用力对沸点影响的变化规律：组成和结构相似的分子，其沸点随着相对分子质量的增大而升高，但上表中相对分子质量是Cl2O7＞Cl2O＞ClO2，其沸点的变化不是Cl2O7＞Cl2O＞ClO2的原因是。
26．ClO2和碱溶液反应生成亚氯酸盐（阴离子是ClO2）和氯酸盐，其离子方程式是 ， 。
填符号 27．一定条件下，在水溶液中1 mol Cl－、ClO(x＝1,2,3,4)的能量(kJ)相对大小如图所示。
D是____(填离子符号)。
B→A＋C的热化学方程式为____________(用离子符号表示)。
五、（本题共12分） 合成氨在工业上有重要用途，原料氢气来源于天然气。
完成下列填空： 28．天然气中的H2S杂质常用氨水吸收，产物为NH4HS，该溶液中存在 个平衡。
29．一定条件下向NH4HS溶液中通入富氧空气(含氧体积分数50%)，得到单质硫并使吸收液再生，写出反应的化学方程式：___________________。
当消耗标况下22.4升富氧空气时，有 mol电子转移。
30．H2来自于天然气：CH4(g)+ H2O(g)3H2(g)+CO(g)。
如果该反应在恒容密闭容器中进行，能说明其达到化学平衡状态的是 。
(选填编号) a．正(H2)逆(CO)=31 b．气体密度不再改变 c．c(H2)c(CO)=3∶1 d．气体的平均相对分子质量保持不变 氨水是实验室常用的弱碱。
31．在25时将a mol/L氨水与0.01 mol/L盐酸等体积混合平衡时溶液中c(NH)＝c(Cl－)，则溶液显_____(填“酸”、“碱”或“中”)性；amol/LNH4Cl与a mol/L氨水等体积混合(pH＞7)微粒的物质的量浓度： 。
32．25时CH3COOH和NH3·H2O的电离常数相等，现向10 mL浓度为0.1mol/L的CH3COOH溶液中滴加相同浓度的氨水，在滴加过程中 。