动物生理学 第六章

第六章
一、名词解释
DA0106A01 specific dynamic effect（食物的特殊动力效应）：食物使机体产生额外热量的现象。

DA0106A02thermal equivalent of oxygen（氧热价）：某种食物氧化时消耗1L氧所产生的热量，称为该种食物的氧热价。

DA0106A03thermal equivalent of food（食物的热价）：1克某种食物氧化时所释放的热量。

DA0106A04energy metabolism（能量代谢）：机体物质代谢过程中所伴随的能量的贮存、释放、转移和利用等称为能量代谢。

二、英翻中
0206A01 BMR 基础代谢率0206A02 RQ 呼吸商
三、单项选择题
A01 When the temperature of the body's surroundings is higher than that of the body itself, the body loses heat through……………( c )
(a) conduction (b) radiation (c) evaporation (d) all of the above
A02 When you touch a piece of cold metal, thermal energy travels into the metal from your skin. This is an example of………( b )
(a) radiation (b) conduction (c) convection (d) evaporation
A03 The center of thermoregulation is located in (c )
(a) cerebrum (b) cerebellum (c) hypothalamus (d) Pons
A04 Which of the following substances can NOT be used to supply energy is ……………(c)……(a) carbohydrates (b) proteins
(c) nuclear acids (d) fat
B01 Which of the following substance’s physiological thermal equivalent does not equal to physical thermal equivalent?……………………(b) (a) carbohydrates (b) proteins
(c) fat (d) carbohydrates and fat B02 Indirect calorimetry is used to determining the basal metabolism of the animal through
measuring ……………………(b )
(a) thermal equivalent of food
(b) respiratory quotient
(c) thermal equivalent of oxygen
(d) physiological thermal equivalent of food
C01 Which of the following activities affect the energy metabolosim most significantly?……………………( a )
(a) muscle contraction (b) eating
(c) thinking (d) high temperature
C02 Which of the following activities is the physiological thermoregulation of the animal?……………………( a )
(a) increase the blood flow of the skin
(b) wear a cloth
(c) increase movement
(d) hide in a hole
四、填空题
A01 There are two methods to measure energy metabolism: (直接测热法) and (间接测热法). A02 Evaporation can be classified into (不感蒸发) and (发汗).
A03 The energy sources of animal are (糖), ( 脂肪), and protein.
B01 Two hormones which affecting energy metabolism significantly are (肾上腺素) and (甲状腺素).
B02 Animal regulating their body temperature by taking in heat from the environmentare called (变温), whereas that maintain their body temperature relative constant are called (恒温).
C01 The basal metabolic rate is affected by animal age, sex, (身体大小), and (生理状态).
C02 Generally, animal body loss their heat through (传导), (辐射), convection and evaporation.
五、判断题（d是对，c是错）
A01 PO/AH in hypothalamus is thermal regulation center of animal…………（d ）
A02 The direct energy supplier of animal body is ATP………………………（d ）
A03 Protein is the major substance for energy supply in organisms…………（c ）
A04 The constant of body temperature is maintained through the heat production from the animal…………………（c ）
B01 Direct calorimetry is that the measurement of heat relaeased from the animal within unit time…（d ）B02 The younger the animal, the lower the basal metabolic rate…（c ）
B03 Skeletal muscle is the major organ of heat production when the animal is at rest………（c ）
C01 Like hormone secretion, individual behavior, the periodical changes of body temperature is a kind of biological rhythm………………………………………（d ）
B01 简述机体的能量来源和去向。

答：机体能量的来源有：糖、脂肪和蛋白质；（3分）
能量的去向有：电能，神经冲动的传导；机械能，肌肉收缩；渗透势能，跨膜离子浓度梯度；热能，维持体温；化学能，生物合成。

（3分）
B02 恒温动物体的体温是怎样维持相对恒定的？
答：在动物体的视前区－下丘脑前部存在热敏神经元，在脑干网状结构和下丘脑弓状核中存在冷敏神经元，对局部温度变化敏感，并存在温度调定点，约37度左右。

当体温高于37度或低于37度，对应的热敏神经元或冷敏神经元兴奋，发放冲动，传至中枢，一起相应的散热增加或产热增加，使体温保持稳定。