新版高考英语 说明文类阅读理解模拟训练
高三英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析(说明文类型)
绝密★启用前最新高三英语阅读理解模拟试题及解析1说明文类注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;卷II（非选择题）一、阅读理解（本题共计 10 小题，每题 10 分，共计100分）1.All animals﹣from humans to birds,worms and crocodilessleep,however,not all species sleep alike． Scientists have long puzzled over which aspects are truly fundamental． Now a new study on lizards（蜥蜴）suggests that sleep states once thought to occur only in mammals and birds have much older evolutionary origins．Scientists had long doubted that birds and mammals are the only vertebrates（脊椎动物）to experience rapid eye movement（REM）, a sleep state in which the body is mostly immobile but the brain is overworking．During REM sleep,the brain produces high﹣frequency waves of electrical activity and the eyes turn suddenly from time to time．In humans,REM is closely linked to dreaming．REM is a pattern of slow﹣wave sleep,a state in which brain activity weakens and the waves become more consistent．This slower state is widely thought to be important to memory formation and storage．"But scientists who looked for signs of REM and slow﹣wave sleep in reptiles（爬行动物）have had ‘confusing’results,"says Gilles Laurent,a neuroscientist at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt,Germany．So he and his colleagues had planned to examine how the lizards﹣a common pet in Germany use visual information to chase treats．Using camera,the team found that the sleeping lizards’ eyes ________ during the REM﹣like stage,just like other animals．They also found a very familiar pattern within the slower phase of the lizards’brain waves．Some scientists believe these waves help transform new information into memories by replaying past events quickly．Although more studies are still needed to determine whether the function of these brain wave patterns is the same across species, the results suggest that these REM and slow﹣wave sleep patterns could date all the way back to the common ancestor of reptiles,birds,and mammals．（1）Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “twitched” in paragraph3 ？________A.opened wideB.moved quicklyC.stayed closedD.kept still．（2）How does the lizards’brain waves turn information into memories according to some scientists？________A.By increasing their frequency slowly．B.By changing their pattern occasionally．C.By playing back the past events quickly．D.By connecting visual information effectively．．试卷第2页，总13页（3）What can we infer from the 1ast paragraph ？________ A.The function of the brain wave is the same ． B.All the animals have the common ancestor ． C.The sleep pattern of all the animals is the same ． D.The study about sleep pattern has a long way to go ． 2. Save the Animals Animals are natural resources （资源） that people have wasted all through our history ． Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers （羽毛）, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way ． Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever ． Hundreds more are on the danger list today ． About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger ． Why should people care? Because we need animals ． And because once they are gone, there will never be any more ． Animals are more than just beautiful or interesting ． They are more than just a source of food ． Every animal has its place in the balance （平衡） of nature ． Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems ． For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks （鹰）, the farmers’stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice ． Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice ． With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied （繁殖） quickly ．Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals ． Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem ． And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger ． Quite a few countries have passed laws ． These laws forbid （禁止） the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list ． Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing ．（1）Animals are important to us mainly because________． A. they are beautiful and lovely B. they keep the balance of nature C. they give us a lot of pleasure D. they give us a source of food ．（2）What has happened to the animals on the earth ？________ A. Thousands of kinds of animals are gone forever ． B. A few kinds of animals have died out ． C. All kinds of animals are in danger ．D. About 170 kinds of animals have disappeared forever ．．（3）Why do people kill animals ？________ A. They kill animals to raise some money ． B. Animals destroy their natural resources ． C. Animals create many problems ．D. They kill animals for something they need ．．（4）What can we conclude from the fact that quite a few countries have passed laws protecting animals in danger ？________A. Animals in danger will not be killed any more．B. The number of some animals in danger will increase．C. Every person will know the importance of protecting wild animals．D. Animals in danger will be kept away from people．3.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 and 2014. The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Larvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm. James Bentham, a co-author of the research says the global trend is likely but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,” said Professor Alexander. The nutritional and health problems that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”（1）What can be learned from Paragraph 1?A.The increase in women’s height is much bigger than men’s in the last century.B.The last century has seen a great increase in people’s height in most countries.C.Genetics plays a key role in the increase of people’s height in the last century.D.Dutch and Swedes are ranked first and second in height in the world nowadays.（2）The underlined word “reversed” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by________．A.slowed downB.gone upwardsC.changed to the contrarye to life again（3）According to the text，James Bentham suggests that________．A.The economic situation of some countries should be improved.B.Environment protection should be attached great importance to.C.The global trend of increasing height should be closely watched.D.Children’s proper nutrition and healthcare should be guaranteed.4.The 10th annual International “Go Skateboarding Day” will be held on June 21, 2012.Skateboarding Day is all about fun! Here is your guide to some of the events around the试卷第4页，总13页world.Los Angeles, CaliforniaOver 10, 000 skateboarders from around the world will gather in the streets of L. A. They have partnered with Boards for Bros, a nonprofit organization that collects and restores （修复）skateboards for children who cannot afford their own, and have asked skateboarders across the US to donate their used skateboard products. The celebration will last most of the daytime.Manila, PhilippinesThe Skateboarding Day to be held in the Philippines will be in the Manila for the second time. Manila is hoping to promote health and skateboarding sports. The event begins at 2: 00 pm and ends at 6: 00 pm. The skateboarders start from Liwasang Bonifacio where they can skate in the streets of P . Burgos, Roxas Boulevard and up to Malate fountain in Rajah Soliman Park where the event ends with a Product Toss and Best Trick contest. Sylvan Lake, Alberta, CanadaIf you happen to be in Alberta, Canada and the weather isn’t great for outdoor skating, Incline Skate & BMX Park is the place to go skateboarding. Incline is a great place to skate, and a day pass there is only $8 for an adult, half for those below 16. On Go Skateboarding Day, they will hold a competition with the first prize winner taking home $600. New York City, New YorkSteve Rodriguez, owner and founder of SBoro Skateboards holds the biggest chapter of the Skateboarding Day in the world. Tens of thousands of people will participate, and June 21st is now an official New York City holiday. The event starts at 10 am and ends at 6 pm. There will be a free clinic at 10 am, tons of prizes, food and drinks. For details of the full day please check out .（1）It can be learned that the Boards for Bros aims to ______. A.provide skateboards for poor childrenB.collect used skateboard products to the festivalC.search for competitors for the festival every yearD.restore skateboards only for the competitors（2）How much will they pay if a couple with their 14-year -old child skate in Incline? A.Eight dollars. B.Twelve dollars. C.Sixteen dollars. D.Twenty dollars.（3）Where will the event or celebration last the shortest? A.In Manila, Philippines. B.In Los Angeles, California.C.In Sylvan Lake, Alberta Canada.D.In New York City, New York. 5.China was a latecomer to space exploration, and in the movies, it has been a latecomer to science fiction, too. That is about to change. The country’s first blockbuster （大片）set in space, The Wandering Earth, opens Tuesday with great expectations that it will represent the dawning of a new age in Chinese filmmaking. The film also opens with the Lunar New Year, the beginning of an official, weeklong holiday that is traditionally a peak box -office period in China. It has a limited show in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand,The Wandering Earth, shown in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the sun is about to expand into a red giant and destroy the Earth. The approaching danger forces the world’s engineers to make a plan to move the planet to a new solar system using giant thrusters（推进器）. Things go very badly when the Earth has to pass the Jupiter, setting off desperate disturbance to save humanity from ruin.The film comes as China reached a milestone in space, the landing of a probe（探测器）on the far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts in orbit and has ambitious plans to join-or even lead-a new age of space exploration.“I think there is a very close connection between Chinese cinema and the nation’s fortunes, ” said Sha Dan, a leader at the China Film Archive,“When we have the ability to rescue our people abroad, we can make movies like Operation Red Sea. Only when China can enter the space age can we make works like The Wandering Earth.”The Wandering Earth takes for granted China’s central role in future space exploration, but it also has a vision of the international teamwork necessary to deal with the threats facing the planet, a theme that runs deeply through the film.（1）What does the author think of The Wandering Earth ？A. It is a hit in the oversea film markets．B. It is a success in science-fiction films．C. It is the beginning of Chinese filmmaking．D. It is only a present for the Lunar New Year．（2）What causes the Earth to wander in space？A. A new solar system．B. A new planet like the Earth．C. The expanding sun in a distant future．D. A deadly disease for people on the Earth．（3）What mainly promotes Chinese filmmaking according to the text？A. China’s increasing overall national strength．B. Chinese filmmakers’ growing budgets．C. The growing confidence of Chinese directors．D. The increasingly experienced film technology．（4）What is reflected throughout The Wandering Earth？A. The importance of heroes．B. The threats from explorations．C. The nation’s power of China．D. The international cooperation．6. Photos of the moon are beautiful if taken well, but it can be very hard to get a picture of the moon that doesn’t look ________ In order to take a perfect picture of the moon, apart from a high﹣quality camera, the associated equipment and the skills to set up your camera,you also need to pick a proper time and a good place．Choose your favorite moon phase． The moon can be photographed in any phase but the new moon, which is not visible to Earth． The first quarter, half, and third quarter phasesprovide high contrast that allows you to see the craters（坑） in greater detail, while the试卷第6页，总13页full moon is a dramatic choice for a skyscraper ． What phase you choose is up to your personal preference, but it’s best to have a phase chosen before going out to photograph the moon ． Learn when the moon rises and sets ． When the moon sets or rises, it is closer to the horizon, making it appear larger and closer ． This makes it much easier to photograph! Check an almanac （年历） or a weather app for moon rising and setting times in your area ． Pick a clear night ． Clouds, fog, and air pollution will blur your photographs ． Check a weather app or watch the weather forecast before leaving for your session and while photographing ． A clear night with low smog content and no rain is best for moon photography ．Choose a location away from direct light sources ． The moon appears bright because it reflects the light of the sun, and additional light from streetlights, homes, and cars can make the moon appear duller and blurrier in pictures ． It is fine if there is light in the distance, but be sure that you are not photographing close to another light source ．（1）Which has the closest meaning to the underlined word “blurry”？________ A. unattractive ． B. apparent ． C. confusing ． D. unclear ．．（2）Why is the new moon not a perfect choice when taking a photo of the moon ？________A. Because the new moon is not enjoyed by most people ．B. Because the new moon is visibly seen from the earth ．C. Because it appears at the earliest time of a month ．D. Because the new moon can’t be photographed on Earth ．．（3）Which of the following is not a must to take a perfect photo of the moon ？________ A. A high ﹣quality camera ．B. The skills to set up the camera ．C. A weather app ．D. A suitable location ．．（4）What’s the main idea of the passage ？________ A. How to select a camera for a perfect moon photo ．B. How to pick a time and place for a perfect moon photo ．C. What the necessary skills are to take a perfect moon photo ．D. Why the new moon is a bad choice for a perfect moon photo ．7. Research published in the journal High Temperature found that an hour ﹣long soak in hot water produced similar blood sugar responses to 60 minutes of moderate physical activity ．Sound too good to be true? While the research on these effects is still initial （初步）, thereis a ________ explanation for this ． “It seems that activities that increase heat shock proteins （热体克蛋）may help to improve blood sugar control and offer an alternative to exercise, ” the lead study author Steve Faulkner wrote ． "These activities ﹣such as soaking in a hot tub or taking a sauna （桑拿）﹣﹣may have health benefits to people who are unable to exercise regularly ． to an hour ﹣ long session of cycling or an hour ﹣long session in a 40℃bath ．The scientists discovered that both groups were better able to control their blood sugar levels in the 24 hours following their soak were approximately 10 percent lower than those of the participants who exercised．Researchers say this implies that “passive heating” （a means of rising your body temperature）could assist in lowering blood sugar levels．Passive heating can affect proteins in the body called heat shock proteins, which helps regulate blood sugar． People with diabetes（糖尿病）tend to have lower levels of heat shock proteins． Passive heating can raise these levels．It’s critical to point out a few limitations of the study．For starters,the experiment only monitored men,so it’s difficult to say if the same effect would happen in women．It also only included 14 volunteers,which was an extremely small sample size．More research needs to be conducted before scientists can come to any official conclusion．And,of course,you should still continue exercising regularly．That being said,the study does offer some more promising insights（见解）into the healing effects of hot water．（1）What does the underlined word “plausible” in Paragraph 2 refer to？________A. Strange．B. Ridiculous．C. Reasonable．D. Confusing．．（2）What can we know about the research by the U． K．’s team？________A.Cycling made no difference to blood sugar levels．B.People with diabetes usually have higher levels of heat shock proteins．C.14 lean and 14 overweight men were involved in the research．D.A 24﹣hour tracking and monitoring was carried out after the one﹣hour activities．．（3）How should scientists improve this study？________A.By extending the study period．B.By changing the research method．C.By including women in the research．D.By adding more scientists involved in the investigation．．（4）．Which of the following best expresses the author’s main point of view？________A.When you run a fever you get passive heating．B.Passive heating can raise levels of heat shock proteins．C.The research is of significance in spite of some imperfection．D.You need either a hot bath or regular exercise to keep healthy．8. Scientists may have found a way to reduce shortage of type O blood． Type O is the kind of blood that hospitals most often need． What the researchers are testing is an easier way to make type O blood out of other kinds of blood．There are four main kinds of blood．Most people born with one of these four:Type A,Type B, Type AB or Type O． Type O can be safely given to anyone． So it is commonly used when a person is injured or sick and has to have blood．The differences among blood types are linked to whether or not red blood cells contain certain kinds of sugar molecules（分子）． These molecules are found on the surface of the cells．They are known as antigens （抗原）． These antigens are found with type A, B andAB blood but not with type O．试卷第8页，总13页More than twenty ﹣five years ago, scientists found that the antigens could be removed to create what they called universal ﹣type cells ． They could be removed with chemicals called enzymes （酶）． But large amounts of enzymes were required to make the change ． Doctor Henrik Clausen of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark led the study ． The next step, he says, is to complete safety tests ． The team is working with the American company ZymeQuest to test the new method ． If it meets safety requirements （*k ）and is not too costly, it could become a widely used life ﹣saving tool to increase the supply of universal blood ．（1）How do scientists deal with the problem of lacking type O blood ？________ A. Hope more people to donate type O blood ． B. Make the most of the present type O blood ． C. Develop new ways of using type O blood ．D. Make type O blood out of other kinds of blood ．．（2）What make people have different kinds of blood ？________ A. Sugar molecules in red blood cells ． B. People’s different living conditions ． C. Peoples various immune systems ． D. The variety of peoples cells and genes ．．（3）What can we infer from the text ？________ A. Type O blood can be safely given to anyoneB. Antigens could easily be removed to create universal blood ．C. A Danish company wanted to involve itself in studying blood ．D. The new method is not safe enough to be put into use in hospitals now ．．（4）What is the best title for the text ？________ A. Four different kinds of blood B. A new way to make type O blood C. The latest research on blood type D. Find the proper type of blood ．9. Digital grounding is when parents or caregivers limit or completely take away access to technology from children ． According to a study conducted by Pew Research, 65% of parents have digitally grounded their teen by taking away their teen’s cellphone or Internet access as punishment ． Because children are so connected with their technologies, digital grounding may seem like a logical step for parents ． Take away a child’s most cherished item and they will quickly learn from their behavior ． But the idea of digital grounding isn’t as clear ﹣cut as that ． Instead, it may be a lose ﹣lose situation for parents and kids, alike ． For most parents, the goal of grounding isn’t to make their children unhappy or sad ． It is to teach a lesson in the hope that they won’t engage in whatever behavior gets them in trouble in the first place ． Unfortunately, though, digital grounding is often just punishment, not discipline ． If a child stays out past curfew （宵禁时间）, a punishment would be hitting or yelling at them ． Discipline would be not letting them go out the next weekend because they fail to follow rules ． We’ve all been there ﹣we’ve caught our child doing something wrong and in the heat ofthe moment laid out a strict punishment．We may have been feeling hotheaded, embarrassed, or dismayed． Often, though, these punishments aren’t aligned with the bad behavior．While digital grounding may solve the problem temporarily, it won’t provide children with the guidance they need to act appropriately in the future． Instead of grounding,show your child what they did wrong and give them the chance to act differently． This way, they will learn from their mistakes in a practical manner and figure out ways to be safe and smart with technology．There’s no denying it:technology is here for the long﹣haul． This is why some parenting experts don’t recommend digitally grounding your children．It doesn’t focus on the end goal of safe behavior．They recommend teaching them good habits as soon as possible , rather than taking away their technology． By digitally grounding them, you are putting a bandage over the wound,rather than treating it．Now, when we say that digital grounding is a lose﹣lose situation, we’re not saying that disciplining your children in general is a lose﹣lose situation． Discipline is a great way to teach children lessons,when used appropriately．（1）Which of the following is a form of discipline？________A.Hitting or yelling at children．ying out a strict punishment in the heat of the moment．C.Taking away access to cellphones from children completely．D.Forbidding kids to go out the next weekend if they stay out past curfew．．（2）What does the author think of digital grounding？________A.It benefits children greatly．B.It is no better than disciplining．C.Parents can use it to correct kids’ behavior．D.Neither parents nor children gain benefits from it．．（3）What does the author suggest parents do instead of grounding？________A. Give kids more free time．B. Act appropriately in public．C. Help kids form good habits．D. Put a bandage over the wound．．（4）What’s the purpose of the text？________A.To inform us of ways of punishing kids．B.To explain what digital grounding means．C.To show how to parent children in digital times．D.To prove digital grounding is not a good parenting way．10. The mass death of flying foxes in extreme heat in North Queensland last month underlines the importance of University of Queensland wildlife research released today．The UQ research sheds light on how various species have responded to major climate events．A study led by UQ School of Earth and Environmental Science researcher Dr Sean Maxwell has spent more than 70 years quantifying the responses of various species．“The growing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as试卷第10页，总13页cyclones, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes to ecosystems and blocking existing management efforts, ” Dr Maxwell said ．“Some of the negative responses we found were quite concerning, including more than 100 cases of dramatic population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event ．” “Populations of critically endangered bird species in Hawaii, such as the palia, have been ________ due to drought, leaving none of its kind, and populations of lizard species have been wiped out due to cyclones in the Bahamas ．” Cyclones were the most common extreme event for birds, fish, plants and reptiles, while mammals and amphibians were most responsive to drought events, with drought leading to 12 cases of major population decline in mammals ． Drought also led to 13 cases of breeding declines in bird populations and 12 cases of changes in the composition of invertebrate communities ．UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the detailed information would help inform ecosystem management ． “The research clearly shows species will respond, often negatively, to extreme events, ” Professor Watson said ． “As climate change continues to ensure extreme climate and weather events are more and more common, we now need to act to ensure species have the best chance to survive ． Wherever possible, high quality and intact habitat areas should be retained, as these are the places where species are most resilient （易恢复的） to increasing exposure to extreme events ．”（1）How was the UQ research conducted ？________ A. By observing extreme weather events ． B. By protecting the endangered species ．C. By recording reactions of animals to extreme climate ．D. By analyzing the reason why mass animal death happened ．．（2）What does the underlined word “annihilated” in paragraph 4 probably mean ？________ A. destroyed B. defeated C. decreased D. disappeared ．（3）Which of the following sentences is true about extreme weather events ？________ A. Drought caused 13 cases of distinction in bird populations ． B. Drought caused 12 cases of population drop in mammals ． C. Birds and mammals are most responsive to cyclones ． D. Cyclones wiped out populations of lizard ．．（4）What can we infer from Professor Watson’s words ？________ A. Species will make negative responses to extreme events ．B. The existing management ways for wildlife protection are limited ．C. Different methods should be adopted to ensure the survival of different species ．D. Complete and undamaged habitats are of great importance to species’ survival ．．（5）What does the author mainly focus on in the passage ？________ A. Varieties of extreme weather events and their causes ．B. The great benefit of the University of Queensland wildlife research ．试卷第11页，总13页C. Species’ negative reactions to extreme climate changes ．D. Major natural disasters and their destructive effects ．参考答案与试题解析一、 阅读理解 （本题共计 10 小题 ，每题 10 分 ，共计100分 ）1.【答案】 B C B【解析】本文章主要讲述了通过对蜥蜴的研究发现了很多动物都有相似的睡眠模式，同时表明动物们似乎有着相似的祖先． 2.【答案】 B A D B【解析】本文主要讲述了现在许多的动物面临着许多的危险，人们的杀戮以及其他的原因使得动物的生存有威胁．幸运的是，国际已经采取措施来保护动物了． 3.【答案】 B C D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了上个世纪，大多数国家的人的身高都有了很大的提高，但是近年来身高在18岁人群中下降，所以要给孩子们保证正确、健康的营养。
说明文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练(含答案)
说明文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Medical artificial intelligence (AI) can perform with expert-level accuracy and deliver cost- effective care. IBM's Watson diagnoses (诊断) heart disease better than cardiologists (心脏病专家) do. Chatbots give better medical advice to patients in place of nurses. Some forecast that medical AI will enter 90% of hospitals and replace as much as 80% of what doctors currently do. Yet, as our recent research suggests, patients show a strong resistance to medical AI.The reason, we found, is not the belief that AI provides lower care. Nor is it that patients think that AI is more costly or less informative. Rather, resistance to medical AI seems to come from a belief that AI does not take into account one's specific circumstances. People view themselves as unique. By contrast, they think medical care delivered by AI providers is suited to treat an average patient but unsuitable to account for the unique circumstances that apply to an individual. No wonder that medical AI providers are given a cold welcome.There are a number of steps that care providers can take to overcome patients' resistance to medical AI. For example, if an AI provider is capable of tailoring its recommendation for whether to have a surgery to each patient's unique characteristics and medical history, patients would be likely to follow the treatment recommendations of the AI provider. In addition, health care providers could also deliver individualized health care by explaining how the algorithms (算法) work and sharing patients' reviews with the media. Having a physician confirm the recommendation of an AI provider should make people more willing to accept AI-based care. People are comfortable using medical AI if a physician remains in charge of the ultimate decision.AI-based health care technologies are being developed and employed at an impressivethem will require that we first overcome patients' doubt of having an algorithm, rather than a person making decisions about their care.1．What made people resist the medical AI?A. A sufferer's temper ignored by medical AI.B. People's lasting trust in a human doctor's ability.C. The concern about its personalization in treatment.D. The accuracy of the information from medical AI.2．What can be a solution to patients' resistance according to the author?A. Treating sufferers as average patients.B. Providing a more specific treatment.C. Getting the algorithms prioritized in time.D. Keeping away from the influence of a physician.3．Which word can replace the underlined word "harnessing" in the last paragraph?A. Weakening.B. Storing.C. Destroying.D. Using.4．What is the suitable title for the text?A. Advantages of Medical AIB. Potential Application of AIC. How AI Replaces Nurses in HealthcareD. The Challenge That Medical AI FacesWith nearly a quarter of global greenhouse gas coming from all types of transportation, can we keep ourselves off gas-powered vehicles to avoid the worst effects? As more governments push for urgent action on climate change, quite a few companies are betting their future—that millions of consumers are finally ready for electric-powered vehicles. Modern battery-powered cars are selling fast and zero-emission(排放) planes are coming. These changes, both leading to a more sustainable future, are reinventing how we get from here to there.Cars and trucks have undergone their greatest improvement since the automobile's existence more than a century ago. Almost overnight, the era of the electric car has arrived. Electricity has the advantage that it works without smell and with less noise. Global annual sales of electric vehicles are expected to soar from just over 3 million today to 14 million by2025. Just a month after Ford unveiled an electric version of the popular F-150, customers had reserved more than 100,000 of them. The price is about $10,000 above the gas-powered one, but Ford says the electric model will cost much less to maintain. Everything creating a green revolution on the ground is of limited help in the sky for the time being.High-storage batteries are useless at present when it comes to the technological challenge of launching a few hundred people into the sky and carrying them thousands of miles. No battery yet invented can power, say, a Boeing 747 from New York to London. Promising improvements, however, do add up. Developments with zero-emission, battery-powered electric engines are already happening in commercial flights, involving trips of limited duration and distance. Airlines specializing in short journeys with small planes will lead theway to electric flights.Our planet's health depends on zeroing out carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, and yet, by the timetable needed to address the climate challenge, the shift away from gas-powered vehicles remains far too slow. Nevertheless, the train has left the station. Someday, electric-powered transportation will be as common5．Why are many companies switching to electric-powered vehicles?A.To reinvent the way we travel.B.To cut the costs of car production.C.To improve the quality of products.D.To pursue sustainable development.6．What do we know about the electric car?A.It came into use a century ago.B.It enjoys increasing popularity.C.It sells better than the traditional one.D.It costs less than the gas-powered one. 7．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A.To show the disadvantages of battery power.B.To emphasize the significance of short flights.C.To state the developments of commercial flights.D.To stress the future prospects of electric planes.8．What does the author mean by saying "the train has left the station"?A.Train transportation has improved.B.Green transportation is on its way.C.The electric train is running regularly.D.The gas-powered train has become the past.Technology has revolutionized (使革命化) the way we work in many ways. One of the most significant changes has been the shift towards remote and flexible work. With the rise of internet and cloud-based software, workers are no longer tied to a physical office and can work from anywhere with an internet connection. This has allowed for greater flexibility and work-life balance, as well as reduced commuting (通勤) time and costs.Another major change is the increasing use of automation and artificial intelligence in the workplace. This has the potential to increase efficiency and productivity, as well as reduce the need for certain types of work. However, it also raises concerns about job displacement and the need for workers to adapt to new technologies.Finally, technology has greatly expanded the types of jobs available. With the rise of the gig (临时工) economy and freelance (自由职业者) work, workers can now find opportunities in areas such as graphic design (平面设计), copywriting (文案撰写), and socialmedia management. This has created opportunities for individuals to work in areas that were previously inaccessible or did not exist.9．What is the shift in the way we work brought about by technology?A. Flexible and remote work.B. Tying people to a physical office.C. Increased commuting and travel.D. Higher costs and lower productivity. 10．What is the impact of internet and cloud-based software on the way we work?A. It has reduced work-life balance.B. It has increased commuting time and costs.C. It has allowed for greater flexibility and work-life balance.D. It has caused job displacement.11．What are the potential benefits of automation and AI in the workplace?A. Increased job displacement.B. Reduced efficiency and productivity.C. Increased efficiency and productivity.D. Increased commuting and travel.12．What has technology allowed for in terms of job availability?A. Technology has decreased the number of available jobs.B. Technology has created opportunities for individuals to work in areas that were previously inaccessible or did not exist.C. Technology has only impacted traditional office jobs.D. Technology has increased commuting time and costs.Penguins are survivors. Modern species of the adorable birds resist freezing temperatures or dive deep in swift currents. In fact, penguins have been doing their adorable thing for millions of years. Prehistoric penguin species date back to the days of the dinosaurs. A team of researchers in New Zealand have discovered one more member of the ancient family, a tiny and distinctly precious species newly known as Eudyptula wilsonae. Its name, which comes from a New Zealand respected seabird researcher Kerry-Jayne Wilson MNZM, means Wilson's little penguin. Explaining in their recent paper, the researchers detail how the examination of small fossilized skulls(颅骨) led to the classification of this cute creature who lived 50 million years ago.Two fossils were discovered on New Zealand's North Island. Only the skulls are still in existence, and they are slightly narrower than those of modern little penguins which currently frolic(嬉戏) along the island's coasts. From the one young and one adult skull, the researchers determined it was a new species. They likely stood just about a foot tall and weighed2 pounds, much like the modern penguins. In fact, the new species may bea late Pliocene ancestor of the modern birds."This is important when thinking about the origins of these penguins, the evolution of the seabird diversity of New Zealand and the dynamic environment in which they live," co-author Daniel Thomas said in a statement. "For one thing, the climate has changed a lot over this time, and this lineage has been robust(强健的) to those changes." In fact, recent warming has resulted in new challenges for modern little penguins-many starved to death in 2022 as fish moved to cooler waters beyond the diving abilities of the penguins.Ancient penguins' ability to survive when temperatures were warmer in their own time might have modern applications. As cute as these fossilized small penguins are, the modern variety needs humans to look beyond their sweet nature to recognize the complexity of their survival.13．What is Eudyptula wilsonae's name related to?A. A site.B. A shape.C. A person.D. Penguin's appearance.14．What is the feature of the new species?A. They look like modern birds.B.They enjoyed playing by the coasts.C. They share similar heights to modern penguins.D. They are heavier than modern penguins.15．What can be inferred from the third paragraph?A. Thomas attached insufficient importance to the finding.B. The living environment of penguins is worsening.C. The changing climate has little effect on penguins.D. Many fish died due to changes in water temperature.16．Where is the text most likely from?A. An essay from a scientific magazine.B. An introduction to a book.C.A guidebook to biology research.D. A review of penguins' evolution.“Pale Moon rains. Red Moon blows. White Moon neither rains nor snows.” For generations, people have watched the Moon for signs of changes in the weather. The Moon does, in fact, affect the Earth’s climate and weather patterns in different ways.The most obvious effect the Moon has on the Earth can be seen in the ocean tides. A world without tides would have very different weather systems. Tides are one factor that influences the movement of ocean currents, which move warm or cool water around the Earth. Thus, the water temperature changes. Warm ocean currents bring warmer and wetter weather,while cold ocean currents bring colder and drier weather.the amount of Arctic ice. Tidal forces (潮汐力) act to break up ice sheets and change ocean heat flows, changing the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean. Satellite measurements have shown that the poles are 0.55℃ warmer during a full Moon.The Moon’s influence, sometimes slight and sometimes strong, has had an important impact on life on Earth. Some scientists argue that it is the Moon that made life possible in the first place. The Moon makes the Earth move steadily as it is spinning (自转), helping to give us a steady climate. Without it, the Earth would lose balance. The Moon is our closest friend, without which the Earth would be a very lonely place.17．Why do people watch the Moon according to Paragraph 1?A. To appreciate the moon.B. To record weather patterns.C. To prepare for extreme weather.D. To observe signs of weather changes 18．What impact does the Moon have on the Earth?A. It influences water temperatureB. It makes weather hard to predictC. It turns the earth colder and drier.D. It changes the size of ocean currents. 19．What does the underlined word “fluctuations” mean?A. Change.B. Increase.C. Flow.D. Measurement. 20．What is the best title for the passage?A. Changes of Ocean Heat Flows.B. Patterns of the Earth’s Climate.C. Causes of Changes in Polar Weather.D. Effects of the Moon on Global Weather Osa is an athletic yet stubborn 62-pound German shepherd. The six-year-old dog has mastered the art of sniffing(嗅,闻) out cancer and is key to a research project that has the potential to change oncology(肿瘤学).Osa is part of an ambitious effort launched five years ago at the University of Pennsylvania that aims to develop one of the most powerful scent-detection(气味探测) machines in the world: the canine nose. She is able to distinguish between blood samples (样本) taken from cancer patients and healthy people simply by sniffing them.In fact, Osa is one of five cancer-detection dogs trained by Annemarie DeAngelo and her workmates at the university’s Penn Vet Working Dog Centre. The most important goal is to develop an “electronic sniffer” that can have similar cancer-sniffing superpowers of Osa and her pals. Osa arrived at the Penn Vet Working Dog Centre from a breeder at two months ofage. Ever since, she has taken training. The process is demanding, challenging and repeated until the dog has mastered the most basic task of all. Finally, she has succeeded in sniffing out cancer. To change Osa’s outstanding abilities into an electronic nose, researchers use a similar way to train the machine.An electronic nose prototype(原型,模型) has been built, and it’s successful in sniffing out cancer 90 to 95 percent of the time. That team has also correctly detected different types of cancer, and is building a cancer-detecting device for the National Institutes of Health. One aim is to be able to distinguish between early-stage and late-stage cancer. “It would be amazing to ide ntify people at an early stage and really have an effect on saving lives,” says a researcher. “The dogs have been able to detect that. With that ability, a blood test could be sent to a central lab, or ideally performed in a doctor’s office, making some hi dden cancers a thing of the past. We expect that the cancer-sniffer device will be completed soon. 21．What can we learn about Osa from the first two paragraphs?A. She uses nose to detect the presence of cancer.B. She can change the course of the oncology.C. She was too stubborn to join the research.D. She used to be an athletic German shepherd.22．Which of the following best describes the training according to Paragraph 3?A. Purposeful.B. Boring.C. Strict.D. Endless.23．What can we infer from t he researcher’s words?A. Distinguishing cancers is important in early experiments.B. Blood tests will be more difficult in the future.C. There will be more dogs tested for detecting cancer.D. The hidden cancers may be detected by an electronic nose soon.24．What is the text mainly about?A. The result of a study on dogs’ life.B. The role of dogs in detecting cancers.C. The importance of having a blood test.D. The ways to distinguish cancers.参考答案1．答案：C解析：细节理解题。
高考英语专题练之说明文阅读
2022高考英语专题练之说明文阅读（A）If you want to stay in shape, but don’t have the time to go to the gym, the Mobile Gym is a good solution. It’s basically a large bus filled with the latest fitness equipment. You can find everything you need for a complete workout, and here’s the best part — you don’t need to go to the gym, and the gym comes to you!The Mobile Gym was the idea of Adam Zickerman, founder of Inform Fitness, a popular chain of gyms across the United States. It hit him when he ordered lunch from a food truck one afternoon. So why not put a gym on a truck?Zickerman experimented with a few designs and then invested $60,000 on making adaptations and fixing machines. He didn’t really need an advertising budget as the bus advertised itself. Carole Pallmeyer, for instance, found herself driving behind the Mobile Gym one day. At first she thought it was a regular bus with ads for a gym. But then she realized the bus itself was a gym, so she booked workout sessions for her entire family. “We are all busy, but we know the bus is coming and make sure we are home at 4:30 for the workouts,” she said. “You forget you’re on a bus because the workouts are tightly scheduled.”Unfortunately, it is illegal to use the fitness equipment while the bus is moving, so you don’t get to save time by working out during the rush time. It operates only once a week, only two clients ( 客户) can be accommodated at a time on the bus. And it doesn’t come cheap. Sessions start at $100, while in-house workouts are $65. But the Mobile Gym appears to be a big hit.“There are so many benefits to having the Mobile Gym come to you,” Zickerman said. “Only five to seven exercises complete a total-body workout when performed using our special equipment.” He also added that a 20-minute workout might sound easy, but it is really difficult and provides instant results. “It is very challenging and clients understand quickly why rest is important between workouts.”1．What inspired Zickerman to invent the Mobile Gym?A．A usual order for a meal.B．A casual visit to a gym.C．A tight schedule for workout.D．A specific experience of exercise. 2．Which of the following is NOT the benefit of the Mobile Gym?A.It saves much of clients’ time.B.It creates adequate private space.C.It offers special equipment needed for a total-body workout.D.It provides clients with an appropriate and effective workout.3.What’s Zickerman’s attitude towards the Mobile Gym?A.Concerned.B．Negative.C．Objective.D．Optimistic.（B）“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking, spoken at a science festival in Norway in 2017, a year before his death.Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize other planets. That way, if an asteroid(小小小), a terrible disease, nuclear war, or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization as we know it would still have a chance. Mars is one of the most tempting destinations. NASA, the United Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there. “Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013.But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that bombards the planet.Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host microbial( 小小小小) life. Human visitors maydestroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment. Some feel that’s too much of a risk to take.What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay home?1.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Many experts insist that humans should take the risk.B.Mars is the most attractive destinations for human beings.C.Hawking firmly believes the only way to save humans is moving to Mars.D.All the other experts don’t agree with Hawking’s idea.2.Why do some experts disagree with the plan to colonize Mars?A.It will cost much more money to settle on Mars than on Earth.B.It is too long a distance from the Earth to the Mars.C.Human visitors will bring diseases to Martian environment.D.The deadly radiation that bombards the planet is the biggest danger.3.What’s the writing purpose of the passage?A.To raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment.B.To present different opinions on whether to move to the Mars.C.To arouse readers’ reflection on whether to colonize outer space.D.To inspire people to deal with the environmental problems.4.In which section of a magazine is the passage most likely from?A. Fiction.B. Current affairs.C. Social Studies.D. Science.（C）We use what is known as inner speech, where we talk to ourselves, to evaluate situations and make decisions. Now, a robot has been trained to speak aloud its inner decision-making process, giving us a view of how it responds to contradictory demands.Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella at the University of Palermo, Italy, programmed a humanoid robot named Pepper, with software that models human cognitive（认知的）processes, which allowed Pepper to retrieve （检索）relevant information from its memory and find the correct way to act based on human commands, as well as a text — to — speech processor. It allowed Pepper to voice its decision-making process while completing a task, "With inner speech,we can better understand what the robot wants to do and what its plan is," says Chella.The researchers asked Pepper to set a dinner table according to etiquette （礼仪）rules they had programmed into the robot. Inner speech was either enabled or disabled to see how it affected Pepper's ability to do what was instructed.When instructed to place a napkin on a fork with its inner speech enabled, Pepper asked itself what the etiquette required and concluded that this request went against the rules it had been given. It then asked the researchers if putting the napkin on the fork was the correct action. When told it was, Pepper said, “OK, I prefer to follow your desire," and explained how it was going to place the napkin on the fork.When asked to do the same task with inner speech disabled, Pepper knew this contradicted etiquette rules, so it didn't perform the task or explain why.With the potential for robots to become more common in the future, this type of programming could help the public understand their abilities and limitations, says Sarah Sebo at the University of Chicago. "It maintains people's trust and enables cooperation and interactions between humans and robots," she says. However, this experiment only used a single human participant, says Sebo. "It's unclear how their approach would compare across a wide range of human participants," she says.1. Why does the author mention how people make decisions in the first paragraph?A. To introduce the topic.B. To make comparisons.C. To provide an example.D. To support his argument.2. How did Pepper react to the contradictory instruction with its inner speech enabled?A. It failed to complete the task.B. It followed the etiquette rules.C. It made a random decision.D. It communicated with the researchers.3. What did Sarah Sebo think of the research?A. It was creative but worthless.B. It was a good try but the result was a failure.C. It was inspiring but needed further evidence.D. It was carefully designed but poorly performed.4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Robot Taught To Be PoliteB. Robot Can Explain Its DecisionC. Robot Making Decisions: No Longer A DreamD. Robot-Human Communication: No Longer A Problem（D）Researchers have found that most shy children,even the most painfully shy of them,are not shy adults.The process from shy to outgoing does not require treatment,behavior modification（矫正）or any extraordinary measures. It just happens.Most shy kids grow out of their shyness by their young adult years,and even those who do not get rid of it manage to cope with it reasonably well. They learn how to hide it,mostly because they realize that shyness puts them at a disadvantage in certain situations.I myself am a living example to the transformation.I was socially awkward until I went to college where I tried out for the role of a lead singer in a rock band and suddenly found myself on stage with four musicians behind me and hundreds of people in front of me. My social awkwardness didn't go away until I was forced to make a choice between shyness or being a campus rock star. That's a no-brainer for an 18-year-old. I had to cure myself of my lifelong shyness, and I did.But this article is not really about childhood shyness. It's about the distinction between a child's personality and behavior. Personality is just like a surface upon which an artist begins a painting. If the artist doesn't like the way his painting is progressing, he can paint over what he's done, but the surface remains as it was at the beginning-a constant (恒量）。
新高考英语阅读理解专项训练09 说明文练习
新高考英语阅读理解专项训练1Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1, 000. Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters.D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6, 800B. About 3,400C. About 2,400D. About 1,20031. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.2As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B.A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.3A build-it-yourself solar still （蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available ．Developed by two doctors in the U ．S ．Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector ．Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes ． The only components required, though, are a 55''⨯ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water ．These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt ．To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep ．Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity ．Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole ．Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole ．Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock ． The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides ． The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup ．The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic ．Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup ． When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink ．32．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A ．It’s delicate ．B ．It’s expensive ．C ．It’s complex ．D ．It’s portable ．33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A ．The tube ．B ．The still ．C ．The hole ．D ．The cup ．34．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A ．Dig a hole of a certain size ．B ．Put the cup in place ．C ．Weight the sheet’s center down ．D ．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet ．35．When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form ．A ．the plastic tubeB ．outside the holeC ．the open airD ．beneath the sheet4Terrafugia Inc．said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year．The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car．The Transition，which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air．It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air．On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon．Around 100 people have already put down a $10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show．But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways．It’s expected to cost $279，000．And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic．The car needs a runway．Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert．But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality．The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly．The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards．Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those pilots of larger planes Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet．28．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．The basic data of the Transition．B．The advantages of flying cars．C．The potential market for flying cars．C．The designers of the Transition．29．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A．It causes traffic jams．B．It is difficult to operate．C．It is very expensive．D．It bums too much fuel．30．What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A．Cautious B．Favorable．C．Ambiguous．D．Disapproving．31．What is the best title for the text?A．Flying Car at Auto Show B．The Transition’s Fist FlightC．Pilots’ Dream Coming True D．Flying Car Closer to Reality5Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” an d not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are.B. To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.30. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification number.31. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.C. Pass it on to another reader.D. Mail it back to its owner.32. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: A Virtual TourB. Electronic Books: A new TrendC. A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD. A Website Links People through Books6If you are a fruit grower — or would like to become one — take advantage of Apple Day to see what’saround. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly (多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards (果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.28. What can people do at the apple events?A. Attend experts’ lectures.B. Visit fruit-loving families.C. Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D. Taste many kinds of apples.29. What can we learn about Decio?A. It is a new variety.B. It has a strange look.C. It is rarely seen now.D. It has a special taste.30. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain hope.C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To show how to grow apples.B. To introduce an apple festival.C. To help people select apples.D. To promote apple research.参考答案1.BCBC2.DCBD3. DBCD4. ACBD5. BACD6.DCBB。
新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解专题模拟训练主旨大意类
主旨大意类A(2023·湖南省岳阳市高三二模)At all hours of the day, white-aproned bakers occupy themselves in working in the Hot Bread Kitchen, throwing flour across butcher-block tables, filling metal trays with hand-shaped bread, and shifting steaming, fresh bread to cooling shelves．The only bodies at rest in this New York City bakery are pans with bread, waiting to be sent into the oven．The skilled bakers turn out around 25 varieties ranging from classic French baguettes to crisp Armenian lavash crackers—which they sell at farmers' markets and gourmet stores．But Hot Bread Kitchen is more than a bakery: It's a nonprofit designed to give foreign-born women the skills and support they need to establish careers in the culinary arts．Overseeing daily operation of the place—and often rolling up her own shirt sleeves to involve in—is 35-year-old founder and CEO Jessamyn Rodriguez．By mixing her lifelong passion for society with great food, Rodriguez says she has created her dream job．In 2008, Rodriguez launched the bakery in the small Brooklyn apartment she shared with roommates, hiring two immigrant women as her first bakers．“I was definitely breaking new ground, and we faced a lot of skeptics，” she says of those early days．“But for every person who questioned it, there were five people who were interested in supporting us．” Today, Hot Bread Kitchen employs a staff of 35 and occupies a nearly 5,000-square-foot space in La Marqueta, a public market in East Harlem．The women who bake and package Hot Bread Kitchen's offerings range in age from 21 to 60．Coming from lands such as Haiti, Nepal, and the Dominican Republic, some have lived in the U．S．for as little as a year．Others, including production manager Antonia Garcia, who is originally from Mexico, have called America home for more than a decade．These women's diverse homelands are reflected in many of the bakery's products, like heritage tortillas and the wildly popular m'smen, a buttery bread．The program has far surpassed Rodriguez's original hopes．Since its humble beginnings, Hot Bread Kitchen has trained 27 women from 12 countries．They receive paid, on-the-job experience, as well as courses in bakery sciences, and English as part of a yearlong training program．1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about？A．Constant activity of skilled workers．B．Varieties of fresh baked goods．C．Many different types of equipment used in bakeries．D．Difficult working conditions of bakery employees．2．Which of the following can best describe Jessamyn Rodriguez？A．Adventurous and modest．B．Ambitious and gifted．C．Hard-working and courageous．D．Devoted and stubborn．3．How does the author establish the diversity of Hot Bread Kitchen？A．By describing the courses offered to employees．B．By introducing the backgrounds of the employees．C．By describing the bakery's location at La Marqueta．D．By introducing the bakery's development since 2008．4．What is the main idea of the article？A．Employees from diverse homelands produce various products．B．The hardworking women have helped Hot Bread Kitchen develop quickly．C．Rodriguez became a successful baker after establishing Hot Bread Kitchen．D．Hot Bread Kitchen provides professional opportunities for immigrant women．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
新高考英语二轮复习攻破新题：阅读理解之说明文(2
A. illustrate an argumentB. highlight an opinion
C. introduce the topicD. predict the ending
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
【29题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems t hinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.(这表明，在实现系统思考的第一个目标之前，我们还有一段路要走——在本例中，这是为了确定营养系统的更多组成部分。)”可知，实现系统思维的第一个目标还有一段路需要走，现尚未实现。故选A项。
C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
高考英语一轮复习小题狂练专题：专题16 阅读理解说明文狂刷20篇(考试版)(新高考版)
专题16 阅读理解说明文狂刷20篇养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
Passage 1 The term “oniomania”, which is used to describe people with obsessive (强迫性的), problematic shopping and spending behaviors, consistsof the Greek words “onios”, meaning “for sale”, and “mania”. Also known as Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD) and Impulsive Compulsive Buying Disorder (ICBD), oniomania can leave negative impact on your financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated.At this point you might be wondering: “What’s the difference between an oniomaniac and someone who likes to shop perhaps a bit too much?” We tend to believe that the two are rather similar. Clinic ally (从临床上看), however, they are quite easy to separate.Although people who like shopping will return an item if they do not like it and start budgeting if they run low on money, people suffering from oniomania are no longer able to make reasonable, let alone financially responsible, decisions. They sometimes emotionally dissociate from what they are doing, making their purchases while they are not really sure what to buy. Spending relieves feelings of anxiety and depression, but only temporarily. In a short time, they might become moody, annoyed, and depressed, and their confidence declines sharply.To a certain extent, spending makes everyone feel good. In 2007, a group of researchers from MIT, Stanford and Carnegie Mellon looked at the brains of American consumers via MRI technology and found that when they purchased desirable objects, their nucleus accumbens — the brain’s pleasure center — would light up, indicating apositive stimulation. This stimulation can take on different forms. For instance, some people get particularly excited when they believe they have gotten a good deal. This, researchers say, is the result of the prefrontal cortex — the decision-making part of our brain — interacting with the insula, the part of our brain that processes pain. According to psychotherapist Joyce Marter, compulsive buyers in the U. S. make an average of 156 impulsive purchases per year. Each purchase sets them back around $81. 75, making for a grand total of $5, 400 per year and a thorough shocking $324, 000 per lifetime. That money could have been invested in a home, an education, or other products that you actually need in order to survive and thrive in the world. Ultimately, though, treating oniomania is about much more than just protecting your finances from your own impulses —it’s also about maintaining your personal mental health and improving your relationships with others.1．What do we know about oniomania?A．It is a normal behavior.B．It influences people’s health.C．It means people who like shopping.D．It describes people’s difference.2．What does the underlined phrase “run low on” probably mean?A．run out ofB．go short ofC．look down onD．become rich in3．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about?A．Why many researchers take part in the study.B．How everyone makes a wise decision.C．How desirable objects are well welcome.D．Why shopping makes common people happy.4．What is the benefit of treating oniomania?A．It is beneficial to education.B．It develops our desires.C．It keeps our mind healthy.D．It is harmful to relationships.Passage 2Rain is vital to life on Earth. However, rain isn’t just made of water anymore —it’s partly made of plastic.Millions of tiny pieces of plastic, called microplastics, are wandering around Earth’s atmosphere and t raveling across entire continents, according to a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on April 12. Another study, published in the journal Science in June 2020, has revealed that every yearmore than 1,000 tons of the particles — equivalent to over 120 million plastic bottles — fall in rain.Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and come from a number of sources. Plastic bags and bottles released into the environment break down into smaller and smaller bits. Some microplastics are manufactured deliberately to provide abrasion in a host of products, such as toothpaste and cleansers, according to the Daily Mail. Another major source is your washing machine. When you wash synthetic clothing, tiny microfibers get flushed away with the wastewater. Even though the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the microplastics remain, and they are released into the sea, according to American magazine Wired.Plastic rain may remind people of acid rain, but the former is far more widespread and harder to deal with. The tiny particles, too small to be seen with the naked eye, are collected by the wind from the ground. They are so light that they stay in the air to be blown around the globe. As they climb into the atmosphere, they are thought to act as nuclei around which water vapor condenses to form clouds. Some of the dust falls back to land in dry conditions, while the rest comes down as rain, according to the Daily Mail.Microplastics have been found everywhere you can imagine. From fish and frogs to mice and mosquitoes, their bodies have been found, on average, to contain 40 pieces of microplastic, reported Daily Mail. As the top of the food chain, humans are exposed to microplastics, too. “ We live on a ball inside a bubble,” microplastic researcher Steve Allen at University of Strathelyde, Scotland, told Wired. “There are no borders, there are no edges. It (plastic rain) is raining on the land and then getting blown back up into the air again, to move somewhere else. There’s no stopping it once it’s out.”5．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A．How microplastics are used widely.B．How microplastics come into being.C．How microplastics pollute water.D．How microplastics should be handled.6．What do we know about microplastics?A．They are light and can be easily dealt with.B．They result in both acid rain and plastic rain.C．They have nearly affected the whole food chain.D．They have a diameter of at least 5 millimeters.7．What do Steve Alle n’s words mean in the last paragraph?A．Countries should work together to fight pollution.B．The atmosphere possesses the capacity to self-cleanse.C．It is important to remove microplastics somewhere else.D．No place is safe from microplastic pollution.8．Which of the following can be the best title?A．The sources and effects of microplastics.B．The difference between acid rain and plastic rain.C．The dangers of microplastics.D．The microplastics in food chain.Passage 3Finding a mask which offers you a high protection level is crucial to filtering (过滤) out any particles for a long time. However, after a few hours, the mask becomes contaminated (污染) by the particles and you need to replace it with a new one. See, you have to get a mask offering active protection in addition to passive filtration.The first rule of a mask offering you any kind of protection is that it needs to fit well. The mask also needs to be comfortable and allow you to breathe easily for you to be able to keep it on for as many hours as you need.During long hours of wear, food and dirt may remain on the inside of your mask. All the hours spent in a place with less-than-ideal conditions for human health are wonderful news for bacteria that thrive on food particles and muck left behind on the inside of your mask. This growth opportunity for bacteria could not just be dangerous but could also cause a bad smell. So you’d better have a kind that kills off the smell-causing bacteria, leaving your mask smelling fresh.You should look for cloth masks that have multiple layers of breathable fabric that is tightly woven, include a robust (结实的) nose wire for you to adjust the mask to the shape of your face and prevent air escaping from around your nose, do not have gaps around the nose or sides of the face and that block out the light if you hold the mask up to a bright light source. It is good for the mask to come with your choice of either head straps or ear straps, both adjustable. It is also good if the mask has different sizes ranging from kids to adults to ensure everyone stays protected.9．What is most important about a mask according to the first paragraph?A．Offering passive filtration.B．Offering active protection.C．Working for long hours.D．Filtering out all particles.10．Why should a mask have a robust nose wire?A．To shape your face.B．To block out the light.C．To offer different sizes ranging from kids to adults.D．For you to adjust the shape and prevent air escaping.11．Which of the following can’t be adjusted?A．The size. B．The ear strap.C．The nose wire. D．The head strap.12．Whom is the passage intended for?A．Kids. B．Doctors.C．Citizens. D．Mask makers.Passage 4One recent report found that adults in the US check their phones, on average, 344 times a day—once every four minutes—and spend almost three hours a day on their devices in total. The problem for many of us is that one quick phone-related task leads to a quick check of our email or social media feeds, and suddenly we’ve been trapped into endless scrolling (刷屏).What we do know is that the simple distraction of checking a phone or seeing a notification (提示) can have negative consequences. This isn’t very surprising; we know that, in general multitasking harms memory and performance. One of the most dangerous examples is phone use while driving. One study found that merely speaking on the phone, not texting, was enough to make drivers slower to react on the road. It’s true for everyday tasks, too. Simply hearing a notification “ding” made participants of another study perform far worse on a task-almost as badly as participants who were speaking or texting on the phone during the task.In one recent study, for example, researchers asked participants to either put their phones next to them so they were visible (like on a desk), nearby and out of sight (like in a bag or pocket), or in another room. Participants then completed a series of tasks to test their abilities to process and remember information, their problem-solving, and their focus.They were found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearby—whether visible, powered on or not. That held true even though most of the participants claimed not to be consciously thinking about their devices.Our brains may be subconsciously hard at work in preventing the desire from checking our phones, or constantly monitoring the environment to see if we should check our phone (eg. waiting for a notification). Either way, this distracted attention can make doing anything else more difficult. The only “fix”, the researchers found, was putting the device in a different room entirely.13．What did the recent report in Paragraph I find?A．Multitasking is very dangerous.B．Notification is always heard.C．People are addicted to mobile phones.D．People like doing phone-related tasks.14．How is the text developed?A．By making comparisons.B．By examining differences.C．By following the order of importance.D．By analyzing causes and giving examples.15．What should you do to prevent the desire of checking phones?A．Do anything more difficult.B．Use phones to do right things.C．Monitor the environment around.D．Stay away from phones entirely.16．What would be the best title for the text?A．How do We Avoid the Distraction of Phones?B．Why Are People Fond of Using Mobile Phones?C．What Should We Do When Buying Mobile Phones?D．How Do We Do Research by Using Mobile Phones?Passage 5Whales are threatened by a variety of human activities off the West Coast of the United States, including fishing, ship traffic, and pollution. They have bad effects on whale populations, but are rarely addressed by current whale-protection policies in California, according to a study from the University of California, Davis.The study, published for open access this week in the journal Marine Policy, examines the main causes of death for nine whale species in the California Current Ecosystem, which stretches from British Columbia, Canada to Baja California, Mexico. The whales considered in the study include gray, blue, fin, minke, North Pacific right, and killer whales.“We find that it is people that deem fishing causes whale death,” said co-leading author Eliza Oldach. “But a number of human activities have made the modern ocean a really tough environment for whales to survive. We’re excited a bout efforts that look broadly to rebuild healthy oceans.”The report found that main contributors to whale death are currently, targeted with relevant policy responses: noise, water quality and marine (海洋的) rubbish. But three other threats-nutritional stress, disease and predation (捕食) -need to also be considered to provide a more whole approach toward managing whale deaths.“Gray whales migrate (迁徙) over 5,000 miles between their breeding grounds at either end of the California Current,” said co-leading author Helen Killeen. “Throughout their journey, they must pass through a large number of human activities, fighting with changes to their environment caused by climate change.”The study comes as the California Ocean Protection Council (COPC) aims to develop a plan for achieving zero death for whales in the California Current Ecosystem this year. Achieving such a goal requires understanding the key drivers of whale deaths and opportunities for policy change, the report said.17．Which activity will lead to whales’ death?A．Going fishing with your friends in a river. B．Playing with your friends beside the sea.C．Going sailing with your family on weekends. D．Throwing rubbish in the sea as you are playing. 18．What’s meaning of the underlined word “deem” in Paragraph 3?A．Catch. B．Complain. C．Think. D．Describe.19．What can we learn from Helen’s words?A．Gray whales are fond of travelling. B．Gray whales’ migration is full of danger.C．Human being is the only killer of whales. D．Whales’ death is mainly caused b y climate.20．What should COPC do prevent whales’ death?A．Get rid of the present policy. B．Plant more trees along the sea.C．Know what actually leads to it. D．Find a right place for them to live.Passage 6“It is necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago,” says Enric Sala, former professor at Scripps Institute of Oceanography. However, in most parts of the world, marine conservation is stymied by opposition from fishing, oil, and mining interests. A mere 7 per cent of the world’s ocean has protection—mostly weak rules, and only 2.5 percent is highly protected. Outside of these zones, the ocean’s story is a continuing failure.A few remaining parts of the ocean are the last wild places of the sea—the marine equivalent of the remotest old-growth forest in the Amazon—still unaffected by overfishing, pollution and climate change. Enric is working with the National Geographic Society and together launched the Pristine Seas project in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected marine areas—covering more than two million square miles in all.Now Sala and his team have set an even more ambitious goal: to see more than a third of t he world’s ocean conserved for the purpose not just of sustaining biodiversity but also of replenishing(补充)fish stocks and storing carbon.Pristine Seas worked with native Palauans(帕劳人)to give an ancient conservation tradition a modern change. For centuri es, Palauans have used what they all “buls”, a Palauan word which means closure, to preserve and rebuild their reef fish stocks. Over the years they have created 35 reserves to protect marine life around their islands, some of which ban fishing permanently.Sala and his team calculate that a 14-fold expansion of the fully protected part of the ocean, from 2.5 percent to 35 percent, would provide 64 percent of the biodiversity benefits while increasing the global fish catch by almost 10 million metric tons. Even that may sound impossible, but the alternative is awful. For now, we still get to choose.21．What does the underlined word “stymied” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Frustrated. B．Supported.C．Accelerated. D．Overestimated.22．What situation does global ocean protection face?A．Protecting the ocean influences mining most.B．Ocean protection has achieved great progress.C．Few oceans have been properly protected so far.D．Current rules have been enough for ocean protection.23．What can we learn about the Pristine Seas project?A．It has protected two-thirds of the world’s ocean.B．It sets unrealistic goals when protecting the ocean.C．It asks to prohibit fishing in the 35 created reserves.D．It has made some advances in maintaining biodiversity.24．Where can we probably read this article?A．www. newsflash. com.B．www. worldissues. com.C．www. scienceforkds. com.D．www. eco-conservation. com.Passage 7I have always loved the Arthurian legend (传奇), as there is something quite special about King Arthur, and of course Merlin, my favourite character from the stories.Death of an Empire is the second volume in MK Hume’s “Merlin” series which details Merlin’s life from birth. Merlin travels across the Roman Empire in search of his father, a voyage of discovery to understand just who he was. Eventually Merlin gets involved in the fight against the Hun’s invasion (入侵) of Europe at the Battle of the Catalaunian Plain.Serving under the General Flavius Aetius, Merlin builds a reputation by saving the lives of thousands of soldiers. When he finally reaches Rome, he saves many more. But a far deadlier conflict between Emperor Valentinian and Senator Petronius Maximus is around the corner and Merlin must use all his strength to carry out his work.If I had to choose just one word to describe this novel, there would be no other choice than “immersive (身临其境的)”. There has clearly been a serious amount of research carried out by the author. Combined with the descriptive prose and imaginative story, the book really does attract you from almost the very start. The story really does feel like you are a part of it as Merlin travels across the Roman Empire.The author does a great job of mixing the rich history with established Arthurian legend. The battle scene is handled very effectively. The author employs a very effective form to show the main fight and this not only adds a degree of tension and a good level of excitement but almost makes you feel like you are right there hearing about what happened.Death of an Empire is a very fine novel, a wonderfully rich tale and a rewarding story.25．Why does Merlin travel across the Roman Empire?A．To visit King Arthur. B．To enjoy a nice view.C．To get a well-paid job. D．To find out his origin.26．What can we learn about the novel?A．It is a mixture of history and legend.B．It features difficult language.C．It speaks highly of an emperor.D．It is a masterpiece of Merlin.27．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 5 refer to?A．An effective description. B．A long-running battle.C．A wonderful feeling. D．A well-known legend.28．What is the text?A．A news report. B．A history story.C．A book review. D．A science fiction.Passage 8Humans are pretty unique among life on Earth. As far as we know, we’re the only living species to evolve the higher intelligence, wear clothes, cook our food, and even invent smartphones. But what if humans suddenly went extinct? What other animals might evolve to have the smarts and skills to create large. complex societies as we have?With modern gen etic technology and our understanding of evolution, “we’re pretty good at making short-term predictions. “Martha Reiskind, an ecologist, told Live Science. For example, we can predict that if humans were to disappear tomorrow, climate change would continue to drive many species to adapt to drought. And species living in cold areas would continue to struggle to live as well.“A big thing will be the concept of convergence.” Dougal Dixon, a geologist, told Live Science Convergence is an evolutionary process by which two unrelated creatures develop similar features in order to succeed in a particular environment. For example, with their sleek (光滑的) bodies and fins, fish are suitable for living in water. However, dolphins have evolved a very similar body plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blooded, air-breathing animals with a totally different evolutionary background.One feature that makes humans uniquely good at building is our skillful hands. In order to fill the same role as humans—that is, building cities and heavily modifying our environment—another species would need to develop a similar ability to control objects. Other primates (灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. our closest living relatives, already can make tools in the wild. It’s possible that if humans disa ppeared, they might replace us.But any disaster terrible enough to destroy humans is also likely to destroy chimpanzees, which leaves another tool-using candidate to fill humans place: birds. Birds are very brainy. Some birds can use their feet to form wire into hooks. And trained African grey parrots can learn upwards of 100 words and do simple math, including understanding the concept of zero. Birds can also gather in large groups, and some even build group nesting sites.Of course, all of these are pr edictions. Scientists have said it’s almost impossible to truly predict howevolution will unfold. As we go further and further out, the prediction is less accurate. And it’s even more difficult to predict whether another species will develop human-level intelligence, Some think that it could happen. Others, however, are less optimistic because they don’t think nature will make mistakes twice.29．Why does the author mention fish and dolphins in Para. 3?A．To show how dolphins evolvedB．To explain what convergence is.C．To show the advantage of the fish shapeD．To explain the feature of animals living in water.30．What do chimpanzees and some birds have in common?A．The ability to make tools B．The habit of group livingC．The ability to do simple math D．The close relationship with humans31．Which animals might replace humans if a worst disaster happened?A．Sea animals. B．ChimpanzeesC．Birds. D．Dogs.32．Which of the following best describes the future of other species filling the same role as humans?A．Hopeless. B．Challenging.C．Promising. D．Uncertain.Passage 9Booking your next vacation to space with out-of-this-world views could soon be a reality. Orbital Assembly Corporation announced two new station concepts designed with space tourism accommodations. One of the stations, called Pioneer, could orbit Earth as early as 2025.The Gateway Foundation circulated ideas for a space hotel in 2019. The goal of the stations is to run a space business park that can serve as a home away from home with room for offices and tourists. Orbital Assembly was founded by the Gateway Foundation team as a way to help make these dreams come true.The proposed Pioneer station can accommodate 28 people. The second station, V oyager, scheduled to open in 2027, can hold up to 400 people. “The goal has always been to make it possible for large numbers of people to live, work and thrive in space,“ says Orbital Assembly’s COO Tim Alatorre.Both stations look like a wheel and will feature artificial gravity that allows guests to move comfortably on each station. Pioneer features five modules built around the rotating “Gravity Ring” architecture design. Tourists may still feel some weightlessness but will also be able to drink out of a cup and won’t have to be tied to a bed to sleep. The gravity works similar to how a spinning bucket pushes the water out to the sides of the bucket and stays in place, Alatorre explains. Near the middle of the station, there will be no artificial gravity, but gravity gradually increases further away from the center.While the Pioneer station will be smaller than Voyager, guests can still shower, eat and drink sitting down in areas with gravity. Each station is furnished like luxury hotels on Earth. Voyager will feature a restaurant and suiteswith views of Earth.A significant barrier to space travel is the cost. However, Orbital Assembly expects tourists to seek a trek into space as space travel eventually becomes less expensive. “We envision our Pioneer and Voyager space stations as the ultimate ecotourism destin ations. Once people get to space, it will change their perspective about Earth,” Alatorre says. “Space travel is still at its early stage, and we’re excited to do our part to push it forward to help improve life on Earth.”33．What is the goal of the Pioneer and V oyager space stations?A．To revolutionize space travel.B．To serve as luxury hotels in space.C．To offer a unique and immersive experience.D．To enable large scale living and working in space.34．What do the Pioneer and Voyager stations have in common?A．Open time. B．Artificial gravity.C．Suites with views. D．Passenger capacity.35．What can we learn from paragraph 4?A．The “Gravity Ring” rotates around the station.B．The gravity is weak in the central point of the station.C．The “Gravity Ring” on Pioneer is identical with that on V oyager.D．The gravity operates like a spinning bucket keeping water inside.36．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Overcoming the Barrier: Space Tourism Becomes AffordableB．Space Hotels on the Horizon: Pioneer and V oyager StationsC．The Future of Space Travel: Pioneer and V oyager StationsD．Orbital Assembly: Space Tourism Dream Comes TruePassage 10Humans are very good at processing language. We join various words together in a sentence. At the end of the comprehension process, the whole sentence is much more meaningful than the sum of its parts.Some researchers argued that when provided with a certain reward, children learn how to speak. Rather than something suitable to eat, the attention and praise from parents could be perfect for encouraging their remarkable language processing skills.Other researchers refused to accept the idea that language is acquired through training. They are sure the ability to process language comes naturally. Almost any child, anywhere in the world, can manage to learn to understand and speak a language successfully. The big question is how language is acquired so naturally.The language-learning child already has a “language mind”, having a natural tendency to use the knowledgeand abilities born with for understanding and speaking a language. Children can acquire a language so rapidly and effortlessly.The enthusiasm about the invention of computers convinced some researchers that the human brain must be like a computer. It is able to deal with large amounts of data very quickly. Language must be based firmly on some useful information to be meaningful. Take the word “dog” for example, the meaning for the word comes from the fact that in our mind, we can “see” the four-legged animal, mentally hear its barking, imagine its particular dog smell, and picture what it feels like to touch it gently. That is how language attains meaning.But when considering explanations of how humans are so good at processing language, we often tend to leave one important aspect out—the source, language itself. The language system provides us with all the clues to extract(提取)meaning from those seemingly meaningless symbols. Although language users have a large amount of flexibility, they use words in the order grammatically right. If we use adjectives, like “sad” and “happy”, we could use them in a sentence like “sad songs can hardly make you happy”. It is one of many examples suggesting that the language system is helping us save our efforts to extract meaning.37．How many opinions are mentioned about learning language in the text?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.38．How does the author develop the text?A．By showing data.B．By presenting the facts.C．By stating different viewpoints.D．By describing the process of experiments.39．Why is the word “dog” mentioned in paragraph 5?A．To show human brain is very complicated.B．To prove language is learned through sources.C．To indicate the word “dog” is so impressive in our mind.D．To present words can be meaningful with specific information.40．What else help humans process language quickly in the author’s opinion?A．The language system. B．Flexible languages.C．Meaningful symbols. D．Abundant human imagination.Passage 11Next time you’re having trouble solving a tricky puzzle, consider asking a nearby bumblebee.。
2024届新高考英语复习攻破新题：阅读理解之说明文(2.5分)02：模拟训练
2023届新高考英语二轮复习攻破新题阅读理解之说明文（2.5分）02：模拟训练【模拟试题1】(2022·浙江强基联盟联考)The tornadoes that recently struck the U.S.are some of the most destructive and deadly in history.The death in Kentucky,the hardest hit state,reached80on Monday,with dozens still unaccounted for.The scale of destruction and timing of the tornadoes so late in the year—most tornadoes occur in the spring and summer—is fueling discussion about how climate change may have influenced this deadly disaster.“In my40years as a meteorologist,this was one of the most shocking weather events I’ve ever witnessed,”says Jeff Masters,at Yale Climate Connections.“Watching these storms on Friday night,my thought was,‘Is no season safe?’Extreme tornadoes in December.That was mind blowing to me.”Unlike heat waves and floods,the link between a warming world and tornadoes is complex and uncertain.Scientists have several theories about how tornado behavior may change. Tornadoes in December are possible.But it remains to be seen whether climate change will strengthen or increase the frequency of tornadoes.According to NOAA’s data,there has been a recorded increase in the number of observed tornadoes since1950,which experts believe is largely due to better technology such as Doppler radar.There’s been no observed increase in the frequency of major tornadoes over time.For example,59of the most severe F5tornadoes in the U.S.have occurred since1950.But if the storm that destroyed Kentucky turns out to have been an F5,it will have been the first since2013—bringing to an end the longest recorded period so far.Nevertheless,“given the general influence of global warming on the atmosphere,it makes sense that it should be having an impact on tornadoes too,”says Victor Gensini,an extremeweather expert at Northern Illinois University.“Instead of asking:‘Did climate change cause this tornado?’It’s better to operate under the assumption that climate change did play a role,”he says.While the science on climate change and tornadoes isn’t clear,meteorologists are predicting that conditions benefiting tornadoes will continue this month.“I’m worried about the rest of the year to be honest.I don’t think we’re out of the woods yet.”Gensini says.28.What is one difference between the recent tornadoes and the ones in the past?A.They hit only Kentucky.B.They happened in December.C.They caused no deaths.D.They caught people unprepared.29.What can be inferred in paragraph3?A.Waves and floods often follow tornadoes.B.There is an agreement on how tornadoes may change.C.Climate change will make tornadoes the most deadly disaster.D.Scientists are unsure about how climate change influences tornadoes.30.Which statement may Victor Gensini agree with?A.The climate change most likely has an effect on tornadoes.B.The tornadoes have nothing to do with climate warming.C.The science on climate change is advancing very quickly.D.The climate change will make tornadoes much less frequent.【答案】28B29.D30.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
说明文阅读理解模拟训练AWhy do mosquitoes buzz (嗡嗡叫) in your ears? They can’t help it. Mosquitoes’wings make that annoying buzz whenever they fly.Both male and female mosquitoes buzz, but you probably won’t notice the noise of the males, because they don’t desire your blood. They stay away from your ears, eating nectar (花蜜), while the females come to annoy you.Scientists have discovered that buzzing is to help mosquitoes find suitable mates.Since female mosquitoes are larger, they move their wings more slowly. Males can recognize the distinctive pitch (音高) of the females’buzz. Louis M. Roth, who studied yellow fever mosquitoes for the US Army during World War II, noticed that males ignored females whenever the females were quietly resting, but when the females were flying, and therefore buzzing, the males wanted to mate (交配) with them. The males even reacted to recordings of female mosquitoes.Scientists discovered what made the sound. It’s not actually caused by the wings flapping. There’s an organ at the base of the wings that makes the sound when the wings move.It wasn’t until more recently that researchers Gabriella Gibson and Ian Russell discovered that mosquitoes actually change their buzz to “sing”to each other before they mate. When males and females fly nearby, they change the pitch of their buzz to match each other, and if they match well enough, they mate.As scientists learn more about why mosquitoes buzz, they can possibly keep them from mating. Fewer mosquitoes mean fewer mosquito bites, and fewer diseases being spread. Researcher Lauren Cator suggests that if scientists can make sterile (不生育的) male mosquitoes who “sing”to females just as well as fertile males, the females will choose the sterile males, and won’t produce fertile eggs.There are also some myths about the mosquitoes you hear buzzing in your ears.Some people say that mosquitoes that buzz, don’t bite. Indeed, as long as they’re buzzing, they’re flying, so they won’t bite you. But once they land, look out.1. According to the text, people seldom recognize male mosquitoes when they buzz because ______.A. their buzz is too low to be noticedB. they don’t buzz when they biteC. they avoid humans and feed on nectarD. they prefer to stay in the dark2. What did Louis M. Roth discover from his research?A. Male mosquitoes move their wings slower.B. Quiet female mosquitoes are more attractive to males.C. A mosquito’s wing beat is responsible for its buzz.D. Male mosquitoes are attracted by a female’s buzz.3. Before mosquitoes mate, they ______.A. buzz in high pitch to each otherB. change and match their buzzC. dance with each other in mid airD. fly in opposite directions4. Lauren Cator hopes the research on the buzz of mosquitoes can help people ______.A. cure some deadly diseasesB. control the mosquito populationC. tell different mosquito species apartD. change the way mosquitoes communicateBThe people of Chicago, Illinois, US, can thank three canals every time they drink a glass of clean water today. The building of the Illinois-Michigan Canal, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal and the Cal-Sag Canal all helped the Chicago River start flowing in a different direction in 1892.Since their construction over a century ago, these waterways have connected Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river network and ensured a regular flow of fresh water to Chicago.However, some unusual and unfortunate side effects have also been created because of their construction. Asian carp (鲤鱼), also known as silver or flying carp, are threatened in their native habitat in the Chinese Heilongjiang, Yangtze, and Pearl River basins. But they have become increasingly successful at filling the Mississippi river network since first being introduced into Arkansas catfish farms in the 1970s to control algae (水藻). By swimming into the canals and spreading further across the country, there are now major fears that this introduced species may be able to access Lake Michigan and the wider Great Lakes - which store an incredible 21 percent of the entire world’s fresh water.“The actual impact of Asian carp on the Great Lakes has yet to be explained clearly, and we think this uncertainty is part of the reason why they are such an obvious issue,”says Dr Cory Suski, Associate Professor in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences at the University of Illinois. He points out that adult Asian carp are too large to be hunted by anything locally, that they have a “prolific (多产的)”reproduction rate, and they can steal food from the other native species in the rivers. “Could they survive in the Great Lakes or is there not enough food for them?”he asks.Stopping the fish from spreading has therefore become a key concern for local lawmakers, who have undertaken efforts such as building electric fences (护栏) in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. However, any big efforts to stop the carp –such asallowing the Chicago River to once again flow in its original direction –would in turn threaten the security of the city’s water supply, replacing one big problem with another.5. According to the text, the construction of the three canals ______.A. changed the direction of the Mississippi riverB. brought fresh water to the people of ChicagoC. lasted for almost a century because of huge costD. has been the largest construction project in US history6. According to the text, Asian carps ______.A. have nearly become extinct in Chinese riversB. have occupied large areas in the Great LakesC. were introduced to the US to fight against algae pollutionD. are likely to pollute the fresh water in the Great Lakes7. What is the major concern of Asian carp in the US?A. Its large size and fast reproduction rate.B. The food shortage facing the species.C. Its threat to the Great Lakes ecosystem.D. Its natural enemies in the local areas.8. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. US Law makers knew little of the threat posed by Asian carp.B. Electric fences might not be enough to stop the spread of Asian carp.C. The Chicago River has changed its flowing direction many times.D. People in Chicago will soon face a serious water supply shortage.CStill adjusting to life in the big city? Your mobile phone operator might soon be able to tell.An analysis of a more than 698 million calls made from Shanghai in one month has helped show where people live, who they meet and their movements when they first arrive in a new city.Although the data didn’t contain names and addresses, it did suggest whether mobile users were locals or migrants to the city. Other biological information was included, such as sex and age. Some 22,000 “new migrants”were described as those who were born outside Shanghai and who did not have call logs in the first week of the month, while one million “settled migrants”had at least one call in that time period. There were 1.7 million locals.The data covered September 2016, but showed who called whom and roughly where in the city people went, thanks to information on the cell towers they connected to.Chenhao Tan at the University of Washington in the US, who worked on the project with colleagues at Zhejiang University, says he was expecting the data to show migrants gradually behaving more and more like locals as they spent time in Shanghai.“That’s actually not the case, they remain quite different from locals,”he says. For instance, the migrants stayed in contact with multiple people who shared their place of birth.They also spent more time in the center of the city. However, migrants did become more like locals in some ways –such as average call length and the distance they traveled. The settled migrants and locals groups were also more likely than newcomers to receive calls back from people they contacted.“The real value in this work is in the potential of telling us the rate of change in how a community combines over time,”said Rex Douglass at the University of California, San Diego, US.“Cellphone data provide an opportunity to show how these ties grow or disappear over time in a way that type of people or survey data have a hard time showing.”Such mobile phone data sets have been used in other situations –for example to model the potential spread of the Ebola sickness in West Africa.However, the use of mass telecoms metadata is controversial, because it is quite simple to tie a person’s identity to a random private telephone number. Groups that fight for the rights of people have long worried that despite not including names or the content of calls, such data can show private things about people’s lives.Tan says that such findings might actually help governments or charity organizations assist migrants. “Governments may be able to more effectively deliver information on potential benefits,”he says.9. What is Chenhao Tan’s research mainly about?A. Methods that help migrants get used to life in a new city.B. Data collection of mobile users and protection of user privacy.C. Connections between cell phone data and migrants’lifestyles.D. Benefits of mobile communication for people living in urban areas.10. According to the research, the settled migrants ______.A. don’t like to go downtown in their free timeB. have no call logs in the first month of their arrivalC. tend to call less and travel a shorter distance than localsD. keep in close contact with other migrants from their hometown11. What does Rex Douglass think of cell phone data?A. It is more reliable than other types of survey data.B. It informs people of the changes to urban communities.C. It includes lots of private information and should not be used in studies.D. It can help governments gather the biological information of migrants.DA strange and poorly understood “fire monument”that’s 5,300 years old has been found in England –at least 800 years older than Stonehenge (巨石阵).Located in Avebury, England, the monument is so large that it can only truly be seen from the sky. It is hourglass-shaped and surrounded by wooden posts. At some point in the ancient past, these posts –and whatever was inside them –were set on fire, for purposes unknown. It was probably used for ceremonies just 37 kilometers from where Stonehenge was eventually built.The site was first discovered in the 1960s, when a pipeline was being built through the area. Over time, excavations showed the scale of the monument, and eventually, it was found that much of the outline of it was burned. Evidence nearby shows that barbecues were used to cook food.In fact, the nearby Durrington Wall –another Neolithic (New Stone Age) settlement –shows that this type of activity took place here, and may have even been the accommodation site for some of Stonehenge’s builders.The hourglass site at Avebury, however, was probably not used in the same way. The circles are huge, and together, they cover a distance of 4 kilometers. This big fire was not likely used for a feast, but some sort of ceremonial practice.It would have taken hundreds of trees to build, and a lot of careful digging. It was a complicated construction project that certainly needed careful planning and direction.Pieces of pottery (陶器) found within the monument do date back to the time of Stonehenge, but carbon-dating techniques by Historic England have now found that the site itself is almost a thousand years older. This means it was constructed during a part of British history that archaeologists (考古学家) know very little about.It should be noted that 5,300 years ago, Britain was a very different society from the one immediately following on from Stonehenge.A dramatic new study last month showed that an attack of unknown peoples took place about 4,500 years ago, roughly when Stonehenge was built. The attack was so successful that 90 percent of the country’s gene pool changed almost overnight.Did the practice of building fire monuments like the one at Avebury also die out after the attack? Was there a huge change in culture at the same time? Watch this space!12. What is the article mainly about?A. Research on buildings in the New Stone Age.B. The discovery of a fire monument in England.C. The connection between the fire monument and Stonehenge.D. An introduction to major monuments around the Stonehenge.13. According to the article, the fire monument in Avebury ______.A. measures eight kilometers in total lengthB. served as a kitchen for Stonehenge buildersC. was carefully designed and most likely used for ceremoniesD. was built and then destroyed about 5,300 years ago14. What did the attack of unknown peoples about 4,500 years ago bring about?A. Damage to the local environment.B. The creation of a new language.C. Lots of new people living in the country.D. An increase in the variety of local culture.15. What is the author’s attitude toward the research of fire monuments in England?A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Uncaring.EChimpanzees do have stronger muscles than us –but they are not nearly as powerful as many people think.“There’s this idea out there that chimpanzees are superhuman strong,”says Matthew O’Neill at the University of Arizona in Phoenix. Yet his team’s experiments and computer models show that a chimpanzee muscle is only about a third stronger than a human one of the same size.This result matches well with the few tests that have been done, which suggest that when it comes to pulling and jumping, chimps are about 1.5 times as strong as humans relative to their body mass. But because they are lighter than the average person, humans can actually outperform them in absolute terms, says O’Neill.His findings suggest that other apes have similar muscle strength to chimpanzees. “Humans are the odd ones,”he says.O’Neill’s team has been studying the evolution of upright walking. To create an accurate computer model of how chimps walk, the researchers needed to find out whether their muscles really are much stronger. So they removed small samples of leg muscle from three chimps and measured the strength of individual fibers (纤维).The same procedure is used to study human muscles. Comparing the results with the many studies on those showed that, contrary to the claims of several other studies, there is nothing special about chimp muscle. “Chimpanzee muscle is really no different than human muscle in terms of the force that individual fibers use,”says O’Neill.So why, on a pound-for-pound basis, are chimps slightly stronger than humans? The team went on to look at the muscle of chimps that had died of natural causes, which showed that two-thirds of their muscle is made of fast-twitch fibers, whereas more than half of human fibers are slow-twitch. Fast-twitch fibers are more powerful, but use more energy and become tired faster.Another factor, O’Neill found, is that chimps have longer fibers on average, which also improves their strength.This adds to the evidence that walking uses far more energy for chimps than for people. The results fit well with the idea that early humans evolved to walk or run long distances. It seems that we gave up some strength for greater endurance (耐力).16. What does O’Neill mean when he says “Humans are the odd ones”?A. Humans are better at jumping and pulling things than chimps.B. There is nothing special about human muscles.C. Humans are heavier and stronger than chimpanzees.D. Humans’muscle strength is different from that of apes.17. What contributes a lot to the strength of chimp muscles?A. The evolution of upright walking.B. The slow-twitch fibers in their muscles.C. The fast-twitch fibers in their muscles.D. Most of their muscles being made of short fibers.18. We can infer from the text that ______.A. short fibers provide more energy for the muscleB. human muscles are more suited to long distance runningC. early humans needed much more energy than chimpsD.slow-twitch muscle fibers help chimps survive in the wild说明文类阅读理解模拟训练A这是一篇科技类说明文，介绍了科学家们发现的雌雄蚊子的嗡嗡声的区别和作用，并且提到研究者希望利用这一点来降低蚊子的数量。