自考英语本科高级英语上下册课后短文翻译
自考英语本科高级英语上下册课后短文翻译
1Rock music began in America in the late 1950’s . It was not only a new musical form , but a forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life .In this forum , the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights , warand peace ,the disaffection of their society , and a range of emotions between love andhate . Allin all , in this forum , the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelingsof their society . The typical representatives of the early rock music were ElvisPresley , singer and poet Bob Dylan , the Bealtles , the rolling Stones and so on . Theywere the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped .2The American young people i n 1960’s were a generation of rebellion . They foundthat the affluent American society was filled with poverty , injustice and gypocrisy .They didn’t trust the adult world that didn’t belong to them and refused to take their beliefs and values . Many young people took active part in the struggle whichprotested against poverty , racial discrimination and Vietnam War . Some youngpeople even tried to overthrow this world by armed revolution. Many other youngtook passive ways to show their disaffections . They took drugs , refused to take any responsibilities and lived a parasitic way of life . Or they escaped to the frontiers andlived a primitive way of life .3Mathilda had been ill for three days . Her mother had given her some medicine,but it didn’t do any good . So they had to ask the doctor to come . There had been anumber of cases of diphtheria in Mathilda’s school and two of them had been dead . When the doctor arrived at Olson’s home , he wanted to examine Mthilda’s throat first . But no matter how he coaxed ,,She wouldn’t open her mouth . So the doctor hadto get the tongue depressor into her mouth . But Mathilda reduced it to splinters . Inorder to protect Mathilda herself and other children , the doctor had to make surewhether she had diphtheria or not , so that he could treat her in time . Letting Mathilda‘s father hold her wrists he tried his best to open her mouth and found she really haddiphtheria. This story made us can think such a question that something in life canonly depend on self willingness . Under some circumstances , certain force seemsnecessary .4The need for laws on euthanasia can’t be dodged for much longer . Euthanasia is a taboo inmost countries . In these countries doctors can only practise it secretly . But it is openly practicedin some countries , such as Holland . Right now more and more countries are going over thearguments about legalizing euthanasia .When a patient suffers from illness for a long time and there is no hope of curing it , why dowe let him polong the throes ?Why can’t we practise euthanasia to stop the throes ?But if we legalize euthanasia , there will be a danger Someone may use it for killing . All inall , euthanasia is question we can’t dodge .5The American women made great c o ntributions to the nation’s development , butthey received different forms of prejudices because of their sex . In politics , they didall the tedious details that made the differene between victory and defeat on electionday and seldom had the chance to reach a better position , while the men reaped therewards . In economy , most women did the lower-paying and dead –end jobs andthey were paid less than the men for the same job . Many American people didn’t admit it was prejudice against women . They said it was only a different division oflabour in society . Even many women were content with their roles as second-classcitizens . So the author said it was a long painful struggle for the women to get realequality .6When I knew Magpie got a scholarship of a California University and could go tothe Fine Arts School to study , I was very pleased for him . I knew he wanted tobecome a poet all the time. I also knew he had a good talent . It was a very goodchance for him . So I went back to Crow Creek to tell him about the good news andlet him fill out some papers . But I didn’t find him at his home . His wife said they had not been together for a while and only heard he was in Chamberlain . Then I went forSalina and asked her to help me find Magpie . Salina said Magpie had changed a lotsince he was taken into prison . She thought he was not interested in going to theuniversity of white people . But I said Magpie had a right to know this news and makethe decision whether to go or not by himself . She agreed and took me to his goodfriend , Elgie . But when I could really see Magpie at last , he had been shot by thepolice .7Miss Brill was an English who lived in a coastal city in France . She was old andpoor . She would go to the park on every Sunday afternoon . She always sat on thesame bench , listening people around her talk , or watching other people’s lives i front of her . She suddenly had a feeling on that Sunday afternoon . She felt the lifewas like a play and she was one part of the community . She had a part in theperformance . At this time , the feeling of loneliness began to escape her .But just at this time she heard a couple of young people talk about her withcontempt . Even the young man asked her to leave in a low voice . The short feelingof happiness disappeared . she went home with a broken heart .8Man created language . It was man’s way of communicating with his fellow man . Thedifference between oral and written language was that oral language could take the human voice toinfuse it with the shades of deeper meaning . Flowers was nearly singing when she read A Tale ofTwo Cities . It sounded beautiful . Her reading made me realize the wonder of language. Mrs.Flowers gave me novels and poems . I learned value of life from these books and realized howbeautiful the language of literature works was .Man created language . It was man’s way of communicating with his fellow man . Thedifference between oral and written language was that oral language could take the human voice toinfuse it with the shades of deeper meaning . Flowers was nearly singing when she read A Tale ofTwo Cities . It sounded beautiful . Her reading made me realize the wonder of language. Mrs.Flowers gave me novels and poems . I learned value of life from these books and realized howbeautiful the language of literature works was .9television People have a short attention span . So in order to capture the viewer’s attention , must provide constant stimulation through variety , novelty , action and movement . The result ofdoing so is that news is too brief and results in inefficient communication . Many news programsm achine –gunning w ith scraps “and figh t coherence of mind.The appeal to the shortare like “ attention span will decivilize as well. To avoid complexity means to give up thinking . The“ functionally illiterates “ among adult Americans are continually increasing . They even do not know how to answer the want ad. Or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle . At leasttelevision should be responsible for part of it .10One night , two German military officers were murdered by Frenchmen . The nextday , a German officer declared to thirty French prisoners , “ My order is that one manin every ten shall be selected and shot tomorrow . That is to say , three of you thirtypeople will die tomorrow . We are indifferent as to which three . You can choose for yourselves .”The prisoners had a heated discussion about who should die. Someone said the old people should go first . This was the way of nature . Some people said the unmarriedshould go first because they had no responsibilities . At last , all consented to drawinglots to decide which three went to die . A rich lawyer unfortunately got the deathdraw . He said , “ I ‘ll give a hundred thousand francs to anyone who will die for me . “11Some people will fall asleep as soon as their heads touch the pillows . Some people cansleep although they have been lying in bed several hours . The more he wants to go to sleep , themore wakeful he is . I belong to the latter . When I write an essay , I feel an overpowering desirefor sleep . But when I go to bed , I can do anything but sleep . I can compose grand symphonies ,paint magnificent pictures and write good essays . The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legion ,but they are of no avail . When I can’t go to sleep at night , I imagine a dialogue with a friend till I either laugh or fall asleep . I find this is a good way to go to sleep .12As a very small child , I made up my mind to become a writer in future . When Ibecome a writer , what I have most wanted to do is to make political writing into awork of art . The opinion that art should have nothing to do with politics is wrong .Writing is exposing lies , protecting truth and also an aesthetic experience . AnimalFarm was the book in which I tried to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose intoone whole . Writing should serve the society and the public . This is the principle Imust follow . I f a writer lacks political purpose , he will only write some purplepassages , even some humbug .13The first thing Russell thinks is the most ordinary function of work , namely the relief oftedium. He thinks even the dullest work is less painful than idleness to most people . Then hetalks about how the work can provide the people with opportunities for their ambitions. Man, as amember of the society , hopes that he can procure more and more social achievements . He pointsout that most women are so unfortunate that they can not work outside their homes . They are deprived of this chance .It seems that different kinds of work give people satisfaction to different degrees . Russellstudies the concerning two chief elements , that is the exercise of skill and construction .When heanalyzes the latter , Russell finds an opportunity to express his profound hatred to the war andsocial violence .14John F. Kerry was a discharged veteran from Vietnam War and took part in the investigation held in Detroit in December in 1970 . He thought the purpose for theveterans to attend the investigation was not only to confess their war crimes in orderto purge their souls . It was not the individual but the American government thatshould have been responsible for the war crimes . He hoped to arouse the sense of responsibility of American people by this text . He criticized that the mass of peoplein America lit erally didn’t give a damn and pointed out that the policy of theAmerican government was hypocritical. He revealed the veterans’ miserable conditions after they came back : racial discrimination ,drug taking , unemployment ,no good medical care , etc. In the end he told the readers that members of Vietnam Veterans Against the War would march on Washington to the Capitol . Their most important demand was that the government set a date for withdrawl of troops from Vietnam, otherwise , they would camp and sta y there and won’t move .15The author first pointed out that American and European women expended a largesum of money on cosmetics in order to make them look younger and more beautiful .women who were notUnlike the people of 19th century , they didn’t think that onlyvirtuous could use cosmetics . But the author worried that women only paid attentionto their appearances and ignored the necessity to overcome the ugliness of theirhearts . He thought the people would be really beautiful only when the human beings had an opportunity to live harmoniously . But the author did not think the objective could be realized .16The three interviewers hid the truth of the firm to McDeere and only told him that the firm mainly did tax work . The clients of the firm were all big corporations , banks and wealthy people . Although the firm was not large in size and only consisted of forty –one lawyers , the salaries an all other benefits of the members were incredibly high . For the first year , McDeere could receive a base salary of eighty thousand dollars , plus bonuses , a low –interest mortgage and a luxurious car . If he worked hard , he would become a partner in ten years . If he put in ten more years , he could be a millionaire .All these were very appealing to Mcdeere . He agreed to accept this job without hesitation . But he could not imagine that he mistakenly went into a lawyer firm which was controlled by a black organization and specialized in illegal activities .1It’s not easy to work in a big comp a ny . There is strict hierarchy in the company , and if you hope to be successful and get promotion , you have to obey directions and disciplines in additionto bear heavy pressure of work and work hard . Every day you are under rigid supervision and livein panic . If what you do is a job which will not provide you any chance to get promotion and forsome reasons you have no way to find another job , you will be bored with it and feel dull . Youwill be in despair , lose ambition and working motivation , and finally become a mediocre .2Eveline agreed to marry Frank –an Irish sailor who lived in Buenos Ayres . They got to know each other when Frank just came back Dublin to spend his holidays . They would go to Buenos Ayres by boat that night . The boat was going to leave in a few hours , but she was still in doubtwhether it was wise or not to go to such a distant country with Frank . Although she didn’amiliar with ,job in the store , and her father didn’t treat her well , it was the only life that she was fafter all . Besides , Eveline had promised to her mother that she would keep the home together aslong as she could before her mother died . But the vision of the miserable life of her mother madeher feel horrible . She would live a happy life with Frank .But she changed her mind before boarding the boat . The boat left with Frank . Everybodydreamed of happy life , but one must have courage to realize his dream .3Television has much more advantages than newspapers . When watching TV, we use our eyes aswell as ears ; we can see the words and picture on the screen , and listen to the language and musicas well . TV news broadcasting is quicker than that of newspapers . But television lives oncommercial advertising to an even greater extent than newspapers . Profits drive television to caterto the lowest instinct of man . There are violence and sex in entertainment programmes ofAmerican television . Very often , television coverage of news is superficial and inadequate .There are a lot of problems in American newspapers too . the most prominent problem is thatnewspapers distort fact , and attack the countries ,people and the social systems which Americansdo not like .4The life circle includes birth , being old , and death . Death is an unavoidable end for everybody .Aging is the neglected period of human life circle . Death happens within a few seconds whileaging is a long period which means illness , poverty , and loneliness advertisements and travelfolders show relaxed , happy , well-dressed older people enjoying recreation,travel and theirgrandchildren . But all these can not be enjoyed by the poor elder . They have to struggle tosurvive in old age . Many old people struggle to exist in an inhospitable world . There are moreand more old people in the world now , and the government of every country is beginning to payattention to the problems of old people .5Mrs . Wright was a town girl before she married John Wright and lived in his farm . She used to bea lively girl who liked singing . But during the thirty years living together with Wright , she totallychanged . Wright was miserly and never paid attention to his wife’s needs . There was no joy in their house , and even the neighbours were reluctant to call at their house . One winter morning ,Mr. Hale , their neighbour , found that Wright was strangled on his bed .Mrs Wright said that shedidn’t know who killed her husband . Her behaviour was very queer . She didn’t call the police but just sat in the rocker rocking back and forth in the kitchen . The policemen arrested her . Nextmorning , county sheriff and county attorney took Hale back to the farm to investigate who hadkilled Wright .6The county sheriff and county attorney couldn’t find out any sign of anyone having come from theoutside , and they were sure that Wright had been killed by his wife . In order to make juriesbelieve the story , they had to find out Mrs . Wright’s motive for killing her husband , but they failed . While they were busy investigating ,the two women sitting in the kitchen found a deadcanary which was wrapped up in a piece of silk lying in a box . The canary had been wrung todeath . The two women could imagine what kind of life Mrs . Wright had spent while living withWright in this house . They didn’t want the box containing the dead canary to be seen by sheriffand county attorney . In order to protect Mrs . Wright , they hid the box .7Ace was in a plight . He lost the job and was afraid to see his wife .Evey had to work as asaleswoman because Ace could not earn enough money to support the family . She was alwaysvery tired after working a whole day . She always had no time to cook dinner . now he wassacked , so he was worried that Evey would be ma d . Ace ‘s mother took care of their daughterBonnie for them . Evey always took Bonnie back , but Ace went to take Bonnie that day . Acemother was glad that Ace lost the job , for she thought Ace should have a better job . Evey was notvery angry with Ace this time , but did Ace get rid of the plight ?8Why are so many people overweight in the United States ? Most people may say that there are tworeasons . One is that American food is tasty ; the other is that they take few exercises . But theauthor doesn’t think this way . He proposes such a hypothesis that people eat in order to satisfy thesense of taste . When food has the flavor of library paste , people need to eat more so as to satisfycauses the blandness of American food which is the realS cience “ the frustrated taste buds . “ reason why obesity has become a national curse . We should not be very serious about the authorstrange opinion which is merely a way that the author used to satirize the American food .9I was born , grew up and finished high school in Watts , so I have deep feelings to Watts . Idecided to make a career in Watts because it was supposed to be impossible . At that time , manyyoung blacks left Watts in droves . They thought they could make a career only outside the ghetto .I also left Watts and went to study in Oxford University and Yale University . The riots in ghetto in1960s showed the ever increasing militancy of the blacks . The riots were the most significanthistory . Themassive action taken by Northern Negroes . It was a watershed in the ghetto’sdeepest impact of the riots was on the people of Watts . I will never escape from the ghetto . I havestaked my all on its future . Watts is my home .10Customers have different values about products and services . Some customers demand low priceswith the least inconvenience . Some customers don’t care much about the prices , but they demand that the products should represent the hottest style and technology on the market . Other customersdemand that products and services should meet their specific needs . Thus , if a company hopes tobecome the market leader and keep its edge , it must focus on one dimension and create abreakthrough to reach new heights of performance according to its own situation . It can winthrough cost or with great products or through customer intimacy .11Human beings have four major desires ; acquisitiveness , rivalry , vanity and love of power .Acquisitiveness is the wish to possess as much as possible of goods . Satiety is a dream which willalways elude you . Acquisitiveness is the mainspring of the capitalist system , but rivalry is amuch stronger motive than acquisitiveness . Vanity is a motive of immense potency . It is scarcelypossible to exggerate the influence of vanity throughout the range of human life . But love ofpower is a motive which overweighs vanity . love of power is insatiable . Love of power is by farthe strongest motive in the lives of important men . love of power is greatly increased by theexperience of power .12Jerry ----Marian’s son -----had to join the army and was sent to Vietnam to fight a losing battleshortly after he spent twenty –year –old birthday . Later , he was captured in one battle and wassent to a prison –compound . Young Jerry couldn’t stand such a heavy blow and broke down . thehandsome young man changed into another person . He was expressionless with a dull look in hiseyes . His face muscles were jerking . He looked like an idiot . Marian’s heart broke when sh her idiot son in the newsreel . What made her relieved was the fact that her son was still alive andshe would wait for her son patiently .13Huxley states in the article that most people are snobs about something . He says that some peopleeven feel that they are important just because of having certain diseases . But so far I have nevermet any disease –snobs . In china , during the Culture Revolution , the snobbery of family and thesnobbery of ignorance and stupidity were most popular . Twenty years later , modernity –snobberyis making headway today . our media encourage modernity –snobbery desperately . TVadvertisements urge people to buy new goods . In addition , they make you feel that you areshameful if you don’t have the most fashionable goods . For u p-to-dateness means that you arewealthy , and wealth is a symbol of strong capability . Only a man knowing his own mind canresist the flood of propaganda .14work ,Arthur likes to go fishing along the canal on Sunday mornings . After six days’ tiring labor he wants to leave the factory , leave the city as soon as possible to go to the tranquil countrysideand sit by the canal , fishing . He thinks it is a best way to relax himself and a best way to forgetall the troubles . The factory is dirty stinking and ugly and people do not want to stay there for onemore minute . The countryside has a picturesque view : fresh air , enchanting spring scene , greengrass and trees , fragrant earth . The factory is hell while the countryside is heaven .15Most people believe that American education is of the highest quality in the world , but the authorhas his unique opinion . He thinks that there are serious problems in American education . The lowquality of American education can not be faulted on the low teaching level . Teachers are workinghard , but the problem is that they are teaching so rigidly that they work rigidly from the approvedrigidly programmed primers . They are afraid of losing the job . They can’t cultivate rare geniu this way . Another serious problem in american education is that children are not taught how torespect and inherit cultural heritage of human beings . What the author states here is the situationof primary education . Are the secondary education and higher education in the same situation .?16Jerry was tired of swimming and sunbathing . He wanted to swim down to the bottom of the sea tosee what it was like there and play with other boys . But he felt he should not leave his widowedmother alone . His mother was also considerate of him . she hoped Jerry to stay on the safe beachwith her care at his side . But she was afraid that her son felt that she tried to keep him close andshe was possessive . Her son was eleven years old . She should give him freedom , and let him gowherever he likes to go . He could take care of himself without her . When Jerry swam far , hekept looking back to see whether his mother was still on the beach .。
自考高级英语上册0600第15课课文逐字翻译
Lesson 15:The Beauty Industry美容用品业The one American industry unaffected by the general depression of trade is the beauty industry.美国工业中惟一未受贸易大萧条影响的是美容用品业。
American women continue to spend on their faces and bodies as much as they spent before the coming of the slump經濟蕭條前—about three million pounds a week.美国妇女仍不断在她们的脸上和身体上花费与经济萧条到来之前同样多的钱——每周约300万英镑。
These facts and figures are "official", and can he accepted as being substantially 充分true.这些事实与数字都是官方的，可大致属实。
Reading them. I was only surprised by the comparative 相對較小smallness of the sums expended.当读到这时，我只为花费的数目相对较小而感到惊奇。
From the prodigious巨大number of advertisements of aids to beauty contained in the American magazines,从美国杂志上铺天盖地的化妆品广告来看，I had imagined that the personal appearance business must standhigh up among the champions of American industry—the equal, or only just less than the equal, of bootlegging販賣私酒and racketeering,敲詐勒索movies and automobiles.从美国杂志上铺天盖地的化妆品广告来看，我原以为美容用品业一定居美国工业群雄之首，与贩卖私酒和敲诈勒索，电影和汽车业并驾齐驱或稍逊一筹。
自考高级英语-上下册-单词中英文释义表格
guillotine
n
[sing.] a machine, originally fromFrance, for cutting people's heads off. It has a heavy blade that slides down a wooden frame.断头台
socilologistn来自社会学家sprinkle
vt
sprinkle A on / onto / over B | sprinkle B with Ato shake small pieces of sth or drops of a liquid on sth:撒,洒
swelter
Vi
to be very hot in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable:热气逼人,（使）汗流浃背；（使）中暑
coliseum
n
an?amphitheatre (=large circular theatre without a roof) inRomewhich was built during the first century AD and is now one of the most famous ancient Roman buildings. It is thought of especially as a place where fights involving?gladiators and wild animals were organized as a form of entertainment.体育场
自考高级英语课文翻译 下
我现在经常对工作非常厌烦，每项常规的工作我总是交给其他人处理，而这使我更加感到厌烦。要判断究竟是干令人生厌的工作更加烦人，还是将令人生厌的工作交给他人处理，然后无所事事更烦人，这真是一个问题。
实际上，当任务又大又紧而且有些令人生畏还会引起很多人的注意时，我就非常喜欢我的工作。我变得惴惴不安，而且夜不能寐。但在这种极有刺激的压力下，我的表现最佳，也最喜欢我的工作。我独自处理所有这些重大的项目，并且当我成功地完成时，我会因受到赞扬而沉浸在极大的自豪与虚荣之中。但在这些挑战与兴奋的巅峰之间是单调与绝望。（而且我也发现一旦我给某人留下了深刻的印象，我就不再为给同一个人留下深刻印象而感到兴奋不已。在度过每次危机后，都会有一次大的情感失落，一种空虚和令人悲哀的失望。去年的威胁、机遇和鼓励经常会成为今年不可避免的冗长乏味。我常常觉得我被利用了，这只是因为我被要求做给我报酬的工作。）
在平常的工作日里，我很害怕杰克·格林，这是因为我所在的部门属于他的部门，而杰克·格林是我的上司。格林害怕我则是因为我的部门的绝大部分工作是为销售部所做的，而销售部比他的部门更重要，而且同他相比，我与迪·卡葛勒以及销售部的其他人员的关系更加密切。
格林偶尔也对我不信任，他有时会向我表示他希望我的部门的每一项工作在其他部门知道前要先让他知道。我知道这不是他真正的意思，他自己的工作非常忙，根本就无暇顾及我们所有的工作。我会将大部分工作绕过格林并直接交给需要它们的人，而不愿意占他的时间。毕竟我们部门绝大部分工作只是微不足道的。但是每当其他部门赞扬我们部门的工作时，格林就会变得不安，如果他从未看见或听到过的话，就更是恼羞成怒。
我想，知道自己愚蠢的人是聪明的，而知道自己撒谎的人是诚实的。只有愚蠢的人才会自作聪明。我们这些在公司这儿的聪明的成年人，整天悄悄地出没于办公室，大家互相惧怕并试图躲避令人生畏的人。我们上班，吃午饭，回家。我们迈着正规的步子进进出出，下班后和其他部门的伙伴一起外出，直到累得筋疲力尽才回家。实际上我时常问自己，仅取决于办公室情形的好坏，或者是家中我妻子、弱智的儿子、另一个儿子、我的女儿、黑人保姆以及照顾我的弱智儿子的护士情况的好坏，他们的情形如何，这就是我要做的全部吗？难道这真的是我有生之年所能得到的最多的吗？
自考高级英语下册课文翻译
全国高等教育自学考试指定教材英语专业（本科段）高级英语（下）王家湘课文翻译Lesson OneThe Company in Which I Work我工作的公司约瑟夫·海勒我工作的公司里，每个人都至少害怕一个人。
职位越低，所惧怕的人越多。
所有的人都害怕那十二位顶层上司，他们帮助创建了这个公司，而且现在仍然大权在握。
所有这十二位都已经上了年纪，而且岁月的沧桑和对成功的执著追求使他们心力交瘁。
他们中很多人在这儿干了一辈子。
当我在大厅里遇见他们时，他们看上去非常友善、沉稳而心满意足，而且他们与别人一起乘坐公共电梯时又总是彬彬有礼、沉默不语。
他们不再努力工作。
他们主持会议，决定别人的晋升，任凭别人在准备发布的通告中使用他们的名字，没有人知道谁真正经营这家公司（甚至连人们认为现在经营着这家公司的那些人都不知道），然而公司的确在运转。
在平常的工作日里，我很害怕杰克·格林，这是因为我所在的部门属于他的部门，而杰克·格林是我的上司。
格林害怕我则是因为我的部门的绝大部分工作是为销售部所做的，而销售部比他的部门更重要，而且同他相比，我与迪·卡葛勒以及销售部的其他人员的关系更加密切。
格林偶尔也对我不信任，他有时会向我表示他希望我的部门的每一项工作在其他部门知道前要先让他知道。
我知道这不是他真正的意思，他自己的工作非常忙，根本就无暇顾及我们所有的工作。
我会将大部分工作绕过格林并直接交给需要它们的人，而不愿意占他的时间。
毕竟我们部门绝大部分工作只是微不足道的。
但是每当其他部门赞扬我们部门的工作时，格林就会变得不安，如果他从未看见或听到过的话，就更是恼羞成怒。
在我的部门里，有六个人害怕我，其中一个小秘书害怕我们所有的人。
有一个为我工作的人，他对任何人都毫不惧怕，甚至连我也不怕，我真想尽快把他解雇掉，然而我害怕他……公司里非常惧怕大多数人的人是销售人员，他们都生活和工作在极大压力之下，当情况不好时，对销售人员来说就会更糟。
00006自考高级英语-上下册-单词中英文释义表格
adulation
n
[U] (formal) admiration and praise, especially when this is greater than is necessary过分赞美，奉承
amphitheater
n
a large circular building without a roof and with many rows of seats圆形露天剧场
formidable
adj
if people, things or situations are formidable，you feel fear and/or respect for them，because they are impressive or powerful, or because they seem very difficult：大而可怕的,令人畏惧的;难以应付的
Expedient
n
an action that is useful or necessary for a particular purpose, but not always fair or right:权宜之计，应急措施
Flee
vi
[no passive]flee (from）sb/sth｜flee（to … / into … )to leave a person or place very quickly, especially because you are afraid of possible danger：逃离逃避
彻底清除
clod
n
［usually pl。] a lump of earth or clay土块,块
自考高级英语上册课文中英文对照
Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young People在毕业前不久，斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆?宾司给我写了一封信，信中谈及他的一些不安。
Shortly before his graduation, Jim Binns, president of the senior class at Stanford University, wrote me about some of his misgivings.他写道：“与其他任何一代人相比，我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑……同时越来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界。
”“More than any other generation,‖ he said, ―our generation views the adult world with great skepticism… there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world.‖很明显，他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。
Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries.在过去的几年里，我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话，他们有的还在大学读书，有的已经毕业，他们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。
During the last few years, I have listened to scores of young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous about the grown world.大致来说，他们的态度可归纳如下：“这个世界乱糟糟的，到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。
对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。
如果他们不能做得比这些更好，他们又能拿什么来教育我们呢？这样的教导，我们根本不需要。
自考高级英语下册课文翻译
全国高等教育自学考试指定教材英语专业(本科段）高级英语（下）王家湘课文翻译Lesson OneThe Company in Which I Work我工作的公司约瑟夫·海勒我工作的公司里，每个人都至少害怕一个人。
职位越低，所惧怕的人越多.所有的人都害怕那十二位顶层上司，他们帮助创建了这个公司，而且现在仍然大权在握。
所有这十二位都已经上了年纪，而且岁月的沧桑和对成功的执著追求使他们心力交瘁。
他们中很多人在这儿干了一辈子。
当我在大厅里遇见他们时，他们看上去非常友善、沉稳而心满意足，而且他们与别人一起乘坐公共电梯时又总是彬彬有礼、沉默不语。
他们不再努力工作.他们主持会议，决定别人的晋升，任凭别人在准备发布的通告中使用他们的名字,没有人知道谁真正经营这家公司（甚至连人们认为现在经营着这家公司的那些人都不知道)，然而公司的确在运转。
在平常的工作日里，我很害怕杰克·格林，这是因为我所在的部门属于他的部门,而杰克·格林是我的上司。
格林害怕我则是因为我的部门的绝大部分工作是为销售部所做的,而销售部比他的部门更重要,而且同他相比，我与迪·卡葛勒以及销售部的其他人员的关系更加密切。
格林偶尔也对我不信任，他有时会向我表示他希望我的部门的每一项工作在其他部门知道前要先让他知道.我知道这不是他真正的意思，他自己的工作非常忙,根本就无暇顾及我们所有的工作。
我会将大部分工作绕过格林并直接交给需要它们的人，而不愿意占他的时间.毕竟我们部门绝大部分工作只是微不足道的.但是每当其他部门赞扬我们部门的工作时,格林就会变得不安，如果他从未看见或听到过的话，就更是恼羞成怒。
在我的部门里，有六个人害怕我,其中一个小秘书害怕我们所有的人。
有一个为我工作的人,他对任何人都毫不惧怕，甚至连我也不怕，我真想尽快把他解雇掉，然而我害怕他……公司里非常惧怕大多数人的人是销售人员，他们都生活和工作在极大压力之下,当情况不好时，对销售人员来说就会更糟。
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1
Rock music began in America in the late 1950’s . It was not only a new musical form , but a forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life . In this forum , the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights , war and peace ,the disaffection of their society , and a range of emotions between love and hate . Allin all , in this forum , the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society . The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley , singer and poet Bob Dylan , the Bealtles , the rolling Stones and so on . They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped .
2
The American young people in 1960’s were a generation of rebellion . They found that the affluent American society was filled with poverty , injustice and gypocrisy . They didn’t trust the adult world that didn’t belong to them and refused to take their beliefs and values . Many young people took active part in the struggle which protested against poverty , racial discrimination and Vietnam War . Some young people even tried to overthrow this world by armed revolution. Many other young took passive ways to show their disaffections . They took drugs , refused to take any responsibilities and lived a parasitic way of life . Or they escaped to the frontiers and lived a primitive way of life .
3
Mathilda had been ill for three days . Her mother had given her some medicine, but it did n’t do any good . So they had to ask the doctor to come . There had been a number of cases of diphtheria in Mathilda’s school and two of them had been dead . When the doctor arrived at Olson’s home , he wanted to examine Mthilda’s throat first . But no mat ter how he coaxed ,,She wouldn’t open her mouth . So the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth . But Mathilda reduced it to splinters . In order to protect Mathilda herself and other children , the doctor had to make sure
whether she had diphtheria or not , so that he could treat her in time . Letting Mathilda ‘s father hold her wrists he tried his best to open her mouth and found she really had diphtheria. This story made us can think such a question that something in life can’t only depend on self willingness . Under some circumstances , certain force seems necessary .
4
The need for laws on euthanasia can’t be dodged for much longer . Euthanasia is a taboo in most countries . In these countries doctors can only practise it secretly . But it is openly practiced in some countries , such as Holland . Right now more and more countries are going over the arguments about legalizing euthanasia .
When a patient suffers from illness for a long time and there is no hope of curing it , why do we l et him polong the throes ?Why can’t we practise euthanasia to stop the throes ?
But if we legalize euthanasia , there will be a danger Someone may use it for killing . All in all , euthanasia is question we can’t dodge .
5
The American women made great c ontributions to the nation’s development , but they received different forms of prejudices because of their sex . In politics , they did all the tedious details that made the differene between victory and defeat on election day and seldom had the chance to reach a better position , while the men reaped the rewards . In economy , most women did the lower-paying and dead –end jobs and they were paid less than the men for the same job . Many American people didn’t admit it was prejudice against women . They said it was only a different division of labour in society . Even many women were content with their roles as second-class citizens . So the author said it was a long painful struggle for the women to get real equality .
6。