山东自考(00015)英语二课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难Like the national push for Asian literacy in Australia，there has been foreign languages fervor in China，with English on top of the list. English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．Parents hire private tutors for their school children；adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination .Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes. 就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，中国也掀起一股外语热，在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首.不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。

父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。

英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? 如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。

From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．Without such a complete understanding of the language, the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses．从我个人的经验来看，英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。

对英语没有这样全面的理解，即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。

The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．Take the Chinese English learners for example．" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? Of course not．It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. By the same token，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。

以学英语的中国人为例，"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。

"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。

这个英语句子结构不对吗? 当然不是。

学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。

同样，英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。

如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。

"We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．A task of this kind is more difficult for ChineseEnglish learners than for people whospeak a western language other thanEnglish because Chinese has nothing incommon with the alphabetic English andChina had little contact with the Westernworld in modern history．Consequently，the background knowledge of Englishfascinates large numbers of interestedand determined English learners inChina but at the same time disheartensquite a few．中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。

问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。

所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。

学习英语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英语国家的西方人要困难得多，因为汉字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之处，并且中国和西方世界在近代史上很少接触。

所以，在中国，英语背景知识既吸引了大量英语爱好者，也使许多人丧失信心。

The Western and Oriental values arefound to be in confrontation in learningEnglish．Native English speakers maycomplain about Chinese confusion whenusing "he" and "she"，for the two wordssound the same，though，different inwritten forms in Chinese．As a result，some native English speakers concludethat the Chinese are unable to tell thedifference between the two sexes．Butnative English speakers are more genderblind than the Chinese when theymention their cousins．The confusioncaused by the confrontation of Westernand Chinese values，to a certain extent，affects the Chinese English learner'scomprehension of what he／she readsand hears．Only by developing anunderstanding and tolerance（忍受）ofdifferent cultural values can a ChineseEnglish learner reach the goal ofcommunicating with native Englishspeakers．英语学习中，东西方的价值观念是相互冲突的。