American Television

america的英文怎么读

america的英文怎么读america的英文意思是指美国，那它的英文发音是什么呢?下面是店铺给大家整理的america的英文怎么读，供大家参阅!america的英文怎么读英 [ə'merɪkə] 美 [əˈmɛrɪkə]n. 美洲; 美国; [电影]亚美利加;america的英语例句1. He's touring South America at this moment in time.他此刻正在南美旅游观光。

2. America has enough firepower in the area to mount sustained air strikes.美国在该地区拥有足够的火力发动持续的空中打击。

3. America imports about 190 million pounds of tea a year.美国每年进口大约1.9亿磅茶叶。

4. You lived on the farm until you came back to America?你回美国之前一直生活在农场吗?5. Ford never desisted from trying to persuade him to return to America.福特从未停止过劝说他返回美国。

6. America won't countenance any such circumvention of the sanctions.美国不会赞成任何规避制裁的行为。

7. There has been a surge of UFO sightings in America.美国不明飞行物目击事件激增。

8. America's treasury secretary identified the most heavily indebted countries.美国财政部长指出了负债最多的那些国家。

9. The problem is by no means peculiar to America.这个问题绝对不只限于美国。

美国各大电视台的英文介绍和电视专业术语(the appreciation of American Series)

The Appreciation of American TV SeriesPart I. American TV StationNBC•The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City’s Rockefeller Center.•It is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network due to its stylized peacock logo, created exclusively for color broadcasts.•Formed in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), NBC was the first major broadcast network in the United States. In 1986, control of NBC passed to General Electric (GE), with GE’s $6.4 billion purchase of RCA.•NBC is available in an estimated 112 million households, 98.6% of those with televisions. NBC has 10 owned-and-operated stations and nearly 200 affiliates in the United States and its territories.ABC•American Broadcasting Company•Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. It first broadcast on television in 1948.•Corporate headquarters are in Manhattan in New York City, while programming offices are in Burbank, California adjacent to the Walt Disney Studios and the Walt Disney Company corporate headquarters.•The network is sometimes referred to as the Alphabet Network, due to the letters "ABC" being the first three letters of the Latin alphabet, in order.2004 -- Present•Determined not to lose its prominence on TV, ABC was able to find success in ratings beginning in 2004. In the fall of that year, ABC premiered two highly anticipated series Desperate Housewives, and Lost. Immediately, the network’s ratings skyrocketed to unprecedented levels.•It followed up its prosperity with the premieres of Grey’s Anatomy in 2005, and in 2006, the dramedy Ugly Betty, which are all popular among viewers and critically acclaimed.•ABC continues to place second in ratings thanks to its highly popular shows, mainly Desperate Housewives, Lost, Grey's Anatomy, Ugly Betty, and Dancing with the Stars, although it has slipped to third since 2007.•In April 2009, ABC announced that they will bring Who Wants to be a Millionaire back into Primetime for a 2-week lifespan in response to the popularity of the 2008 Oscar-winning film Slumdog Millionaire.•There have been attempts to broaden the ABC brand name. In 2004, ABC launched a news cha nnel called “ABC News Now”. Its aim is to provide round-the-clock news on over-the-air digital TV, cable TV, the Internet, and mobile phones.•Good Morning America (GMA) is an American news Morning show and talk show that isbroadcast on the ABC television network, debuting on November 3, 1975.•The show features news, talk, weather, and special interest stories. It is produced live from Times Square Studios in New York City and fed to all network affiliates. The program is currently hosted by Diane Sawyer and Robin Roberts.TNT•TNT (originally Turner Network Television) is an American cable TV channel created by media mogul Robert Edward “Ted” Turner III and currently owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner.•On June 12, 2001, TNT relaunched itself, with a new logo and tagline, "We Know Drama.", which emphasized the channel’s new focus on programming with drama and energy, such as sports and network TV dramas like Angel, Law & Order, Charmed, NYPD Blue, ER, Without a Trace, Alias, Judging Amy, Las Vegas, Leverage and Cold Case.•In 2004, TNT became the first Turner channel to begin broadcasting in High Definition. TNT is also one of the Turner-owned channels which now shows the classic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.•On December 7, 2008, TNT unveiled a new ad campaign with a newly stylized update of its logo, mainly in shiny silver but sometimes in gold.•The campaign will continue to use the channel’s tagline “We Know Drama” but with more of a focus on its original series and its plan to have three nights of original primetime programming starting in 2009.CBS•CBS Broadcasting Inc. is an American television network, which started out as a radio network.•The name is derived from the initials of the network’s former name, Columbia Broadcasti ng System. The network is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network or more simply The Eye, in reference to the shape of the company’s logo.•The CBS Building in New York City, also known as “Black Rock”, is the 38-story headquarters of the CBS Corporation.2002 -- Present•The turning point for CBS came in the summer of 2000 when it debuted the summer reality show Survivor, which became a surprise summer hit for the network.•In January 2001, CBS debuted the second season of the show after its airing of the Super Bowl, and moved the police procedural C.S.I. to Thursdays and was both able to chip away at and eventually beat NBC’s Thursday night lineup, and attract younger viewers to the network.•CBS has had additional successes with police procedurals Cold Case, Without a Trace, Criminal Minds, NCIS, and The Mentalist, along with CSI: Miami and CSI: NY, and sitcoms Everybody Loves Raymond, Two and a Half Men, How I Met Your Mother, The Big Bang Theory and The New Adventures of Old Christine.•During the 2007-2008 season, Fox ranked as the top-rated network, primarily due to itsreliance on American Idol. However, according to Nielsen, CBS ended up as the top-rated network for the 2008-2009 season.FOX•The Fox Broadcasting Company (FBC), commonly referred to as FOX, is owned by Fox Entertainment Group, part of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation.•The network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studio’s predecessors, Fox Film.1986 -- 2009•Launched on October 9, 1986, from 2004 to 2009 FOX was the highest-rated broadcast network in the 18–49 demographic. In the 2007–08 season, FOX became the most popular network in America in household ratings for the first time in its history, replacing CBS. CBS took back the top spot in the 2008-09 season, though FOX remains a solid runner-up.2000s: The Idol Effect•FOX arguably hit a few bumps in its programming during 1999 and the early 2000s. Many staple shows of the 1990s had ended or were on the decline. During this time, FOX put much of its efforts into producing reality fare with subjects often seen as extravagant, shocking, and/or distasteful.•Between 2000 and 2009, FOX added the cable channels FOX College Sports, Fuel TV, FOX Reality Channel and FOX Business Network.•After shedding most of these shows, FOX regained a ratings foothold with acclaimed dramas such as 24, The O.C., House and Bones.•By 2005, FOX’s most popular show by far was the talent search American Idol, peaking at up to 37 mill ion viewers on certain episodes and being the nation’s highest-rated program in the 2004–05 season. House, airing after Idol on Tuesday nights and having had a successful run of summer repeats in 2005, positioned itself as a top-ten hit in the 2005–06 season.•FOX hit a milestone in February 2005 by scoring its first-ever sweeps victory among all viewers. This was largely due to the broadcast of Super Bowl XXXIX, but also on the strength of American Idol, 24, House, and The O.C.•By the end of the 2004–05 television season, FOX ranked No. 1 for the first time in its history among the 18–49 demographic most appealing to advertisers.•Another milestone came on May 21, 2008, FOX took the #1 general households rating crown for the first time, based on the strength of Super Bowl XLII and American Idol.Syfy•Syfy is an American cable television channel launched on September 24, 1992, that specializes in science fiction, fantasy, horror, and paranormal programming. The name Syfy was officially adopted on July 7, 2009.Sci Fi Syfy•On March 16, 2009, Sci Fi announced that it would be changing its name to Syfy as part of an on-going rebranding effort. Network officials also noted that, unlike the generic term “sci-fi” which represents the entire science fiction genre, the term “Syfy” can be protected by trademark and therefore would be easier to market on other goods or services without fear of confusion with other companies’ products.•Syfy's programming includes original television movies, miniseries, and series. In the past, the channel has also aired many canceled "cult classic" science fiction TV shows.•It gained national prominence in 2003 with the airing of Steven Spielberg Presents: Taken, which won the Emmy Award that year for best miniseries. In 2006, it also began including several non-sci-fi programs in its line-up, such as Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, WWE's ECW and WCG Ultimate Gamer.HBO•Home Box Office (HBO), a premium television programming owned by Warner Brothers Entertainment subsidiary of Time Warner, offers two 24/7 pay television services (HBO and Cinemax) to over 38 million U.S. subscribers in the United States.•HBO programming is broadcast into over 150 countries worldwide.SHOWTIME•Showtime is a subscription television brand used by a number of channels and platforms around the world, but primarily refers to a group of channels in the United States. As of August 2005, Showtime's programming is available to around 13 million subscribers in the United States. •Showtime primarily shows motion pictures as well as some original programming and occasional boxing and MMA matches.Part II. Explanation of TermsA.PilotB.EpisodeC.SeasonD.TeleplayE.Spin-offugh Trackedy-drama H.CliffhangerI.RerunJ.HiatusK.Audience Measurement L.WGAM.ATASN.Emmy AwardA. Pilot•Pilot (or Television Pilot) is a test episode of an intended television series, also, it’s an early step in the development of a television series.•Functions:works use pilots to discover whether an entertaining concept can be successfullyrealized.2.After seeing this sample of the proposed product, networks will then determine whetherthe expense of additional episodes is justified.Variety estimates that only a little over a quarter of all pilots made for American television succeed to the series stage.B. Episode•An episode is a part of a dramatic work such as a serial television or radio program.•Episodes which end in the middle of a climatic moment are often called cliffhangers, after the name used for early movie serials. Such episodes are frequently used in season finales of many prime time shows.•Shows usually have numbers or codes (aka, Production codes/numbers) for each episode.The X-Files, for example, assigned a code in the format "sXnn", with 's' identifying the season number and 'nn' being a two-digit number for each show, starting with '01'.C. Season•In North America and Australia, the term used to describe a regular run of episodes is a television season or simply, season. For example, a season of a television series might consist of 20–26 episodes broadcast regularly between September and May with a hiatus during the (Christmas/New Year’s Eve) holidays.•Alternatively, it may comprise 20–26 consecutive episodes between September and December or January and May. The latter is often referred to as a "non-stop season", which are usually used for serial television series (e.g., 24 and Lost). Another example might be a series that airs only a 6–13 episode season during the summer.•In the United States, most regular television series have 20 to 26 episodes per season. In general, dramas usually last 44 minutes (an hour with advertisements), while comedies last 22 (30 with advertisements).D. Teleplay• A teleplay is a play written or adapted for television. The term surfaced during the 1950swith wide usage to distinguish a TV script from stage plays for the theater and screenplays written for films.•In modern usage, a "teleplay" generally refers to a script written for a television series.Formats vary depending on the type of show.•The format for the average one-hour drama, however, at first glance looks virtually identical to a screenplay. The main difference between a screenplay and a teleplay, aside from length, is that a teleplay is split into acts. This allows the writer to control when commercial breaks will occur; commercials are placed between the acts.E. Spin-off• A spin-off is a new organization or entity formed by a split from a larger one, such as a television series based on a pre-existing one.•The term sub-series is generally used instead of spin-off, but with essentially the same meaning.F. Laugh Track• A laugh track, (laughter soundtrack, laughter track, LFN “Laughter From Nowhere”, canned laughter or a laughing audience) is a separate soundtrack invented by Charles Douglass, with the artificial sound of audience laughter, made to be inserted into TV comedy shows and sitcoms.•The first American television show to incorporate a laugh track was the American sitcom The Hank McCune Show in 1950.G. Comedy-drama•Comedy-drama, also called dramedy or seriocomedy, is a style of television, theatre and film in which there is an equal or nearly equal balance of humor and serious content.H. Cliffhanger• A cliffhanger (or cliffhanger ending), is a plot device in fiction which features a main character in a precarious or difficult dilemma, or confronted with a shocking revelation. A cliffhanger is hoped to ensure the audience will return to see how the characters resolve the dilemma.I. Rerun• A rerun (or repeat), is a re-airing of an episode of a radio or television broadcast.•There are two types of reruns—those that occur during a hiatus, and those that occur when a program is syndicated.•Reruns can also be, as the case with more popular shows, when a show is aired outside of its timeslot (e.g. in the afternoon).J. Hiatus•In television scheduling, a hiatus refers to a break of at least several weeks in the normal schedule of a television program. It can occur during a season of a television program, or can be between television seasons (usually starting in June and ending in August whenshooting starts for the next season).•In recent years, some television shows have been placed “on hiatus” by their networks for long periods of up to several years, effectively canceling them while leaving viewers and producers with the possible hope of the shows’ eventual return.K. Audience Measurement•Audience Measurement measure how many people are in an audience, usually in relation to radio listenership and television viewership, but also newspaper and magazine readership, and increasingly, usage of websites.•It is, to help broadcasters and advertisers determine who is listening, rather than just how many. This broader meaning is called audience research.L. WGA•The Writers Guild of America is a generic term referring to the joint efforts of two different US labor unions:•The Writers Guild of America, East (WGAE), representing TV and film writers around New York City.•The Writers Guild of America, West (WGAW), representing TV and film writers in Hollywood and southern California.M. ATAS•The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences was founded in 1946; just one month after network television was born.•It is a nonprofit organization devoted to the advancement of telecommunications arts and sciences and to fostering creative leadership in the telecommunications industry.•The Television Academy is the only major organization devoted entirely to television and is made up of more than 15,000 members representing 28 professional peer groups, including performers, directors, producers, art directors and various other artisans, technicians and executives.N. Emmy Award•The Emmy Award, also known as the 'Emmy', is a television production award, and is considered the television equivalent to the Academy Awards (for film), Grammy Awards (for music) and Tony Awards (for stage).•They are presented in various sectors of the television industry, including entertainment programming, news and documentary shows, and sports programming. As such, the awards are presented in various area-specific ceremonies held annually throughout the year. The best known of these ceremonies are the Primetime Emmy Awards.Why call it “Emmy”?•The name “Emmy” was derived from “Immy,” a nickname for the image orthicon camera tube (图像正析像管) , which was instrumental in the development of modern television.What’s meaning of the statuette?•The word was feminized as “Emmy” to complement the design chosen for the statuette, which depicted a winged, idealized woman holding an atom.•It become the symbol of the TV Academy's goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television: The wings represent the muse of art; the atom the electron of science.•In 1949, the Television Academy held the first Emmy Awards ceremony, an annual event created to recognize excellence in television programming.Part III. GenreA.Situation ComedyB.Medical DramaC.Sci-fi DramaD.Crime DramaE.Legal DramaF.Teen DramaG.Historical DramaH.Reality Show & Reality CompetitionI.Talk ShowJ.Miniseries & TV MoviesPart IV. Television Content Rating Systems•Television Content Rating Systems give television viewers an idea of the suitability of a television program for children and/or adults.•Many countries have their own television rating system and each country's rating process may differ due to local priorities.•Programs are rated by either the organization that manages the system, the broadcaster or by the content producers themselves.• A rating is usually set for each individual episode of a television series. The rating can change per episode, network, rerun and per country.TV Parental Guidelines•The system was first proposed on December 19, 1996 by the United States Congress, the television industry and the FCC, and went into effect by January 1, 1997 on most major broadcast and cable networks in response to public concerns of increasingly explicit sexual content, graphic violence and strong profanity in television programs.•It was established as a voluntary-participation system, with ratings to be determined by the individually-participating broadcast and cable networks.•But the guidelines themselves have no legal force, and does not apply to news or sports programming.RatingsTV-Y➢(All Children)•This program is designed to be appropriate for all children. Whether animated or live-action, the themes and elements in this program are specifically designed for a very young audience, including children from ages 2-6. This program is not expected to frighten younger children.TV-Y7➢(Directed to Older Children)•This program is designed for children age 7 and above. It may be more appropriate for children who have acquired the developmental skills needed to distinguish between make-believe and reality. Themes and elements in this program may include mild fantasy violence or comedic violence, or may frighten children under the age of 7. Therefore, parents may wish to consider the suitability of this program for their very young children.TV-G➢(General Audiences)•Most parents would find this program suitable for all ages. Although this rating does not signify a program designed specifically for children, most parents may let younger children watch this program unattended. It contains little or no violence, no strong language and little or no sexual dialogue or situations.•Many programs on Disney Channel use the TV-G rating instead of the TV-Y7 rating, as the programs aim more toward a family audience.TV-PG➢(Parental Guidance Suggested)•This rating signifies that the program may be unsuitable for children under age 10 or 12, without the guidance of a parent. Various game shows and most reality shows are rated TV-PG for their suggestive dialog, suggestive humor, and/or coarse language.•The TV-PG rating may be accompanied by one or more of the following sub-ratings:D for some suggestive dialogueL for infrequent coarse languageS for some sexual situationsV for moderate violenceTV-14➢(Parents Strongly Cautioned)•Programs issued the TV-14 rating are usually unsuitable for children under the age of 14 without the guidance of a parent or guardian.•Many programs that air after 9:00 pm are rated TV-14. Live programming like televised awards ceremonies, concerts, and some specials will be issued a general TV-14 rating, because of the possibility that profanity, nudity, or suggestive dialogue may occur.TV-MA➢(Mature Audience Only)• A TV-MA rating means the program may be unsuitable for those below 17 without parental guidance. The program may contain extreme graphic violence, strong profanity, overtly sexual dialogue, very coarse language, nudity and/or strong sexual content.Although not a very large number of shows carry this rating, South Park is a popular example of a show that carries a TV-MA rating.•This rating may be accompanied by any of the following sub-ratings:L for crude indecent languageS for explicit sexual situations/nudityV for graphic violence•For the first 15 seconds of every rated program lasting a half-hour or less, a large rating icon appears in the upper-left hand corner of the screen. For every rated program running an hour or longer, a rating appears in the upper-left hand corner of the TV screen at the beginning of each half hour.•Starting in June 2005, many networks now display the ratings after every commercial break. ABC was one of the first television networks to display the program's rating after every commercial break in addition to at the beginning of the program.。

NIKITA简介

Nikita is an American television series .Based on the French film Nikita (1990), the series focuses on Nikita casted by Maggie Q, a woman who escaped from a secret government-funded organization known as Division and, after a three-year hiding period, is back to bring down the organization.The series centers on a secret government-funded organization known as Division. Recruiting young people with troubled backgrounds, Division erases all evidence of their past lives and molds them into efficient spies and assassins. Having broken away from the government, Division now performs operations for their own gain, hurting their country if need be. However, Nikita, a Division agent, has gone rogue after her civilian fiance is killed by Division. She makes it her mission to bring Division down.On the outside, she trains a woman named Alex, who then becomes a recruit inside Division, working as a mole for her mentor. Having trained Nikita, Michael, a Division operative, is ordered by his boss and Division's leader, Percy, to deal with his former student. In the meantime, Division continues training its recruits and performing operations unaware of Nikita's mole. Over the course of Season one, Nikita goes up against Division, as well as Gogol - a Russian security department and established enemy of Division - on many occasions. She is consistently supported by Alex's intelligence from inside and she slowly brings other allies to her side including Michael when he realizes the true extent of Percy's corruption as well as his own feelings for Nikita. At the end of Season one, Nikita and Michael set off on their own without Alex; having turned on Nikita after learning of her role in her father's death, Alex is exposed and left at the mercy of Division and Oversight - the government group that controls Division.In season two, Nikita and Michael press their efforts against Oversight, seeking to destroy the group, which will also cripple Division at the same time. In the ever-changing landscape of events it is seen that, despite many turns and personal discoveries, their feelings for each other remain both deep and constant. Nikita gradually brings her old allies and teammates back together to actively fight Division which is now under Amanda's control. She was placed in charge after Percy was locked away for his actions in season one.All in all, it is a splendid television series that you worth wathching it.[edit] Cast and charactersMain article: List of Nikita charactersThe series borrows many characters, or at least their names, from the 1997 television series La Femme Nikita. Maggie Q portrays Nikita, the protagonist and a former spy and assassin who has gone rogue and now plans to bring down Division. Q also performs her own stunts.[4]Shane West plays Michael, a Division operative who trained Nikita. He sees Division and its recruits as a kind of family to him, the complete opposite of Amanda, portrayed by Melinda Clarke, Division's psychologist, interrogator, and a master manipulator. Seymour Birkhoff, Division's computer genius and head technician, is portrayed by Aaron Stanford. The head of Division is Percy, played by Xander Berkeley.In the season one finale, the audience is introduced to a Senator Madeline Pierce, played by Alberta Watson, who also played the part of Madeline in the former La Femme Nikita series (Madeline was that series' counterpart to Amanda). Lyndsy Fonseca portrays Alexandra "Alex" Udinov, a former sex slave and drug addict who was arrested after a robbery and later became Division's newest recruit. She is also a mole that Nikita is using to destroy Division from the inside. Other recruits include Jaden (Tiffany Hines) and Thom (Ashton Holmes) but their characters are later killed off by Nathan (Thad Luckinbill) and Alex respectively. Dillon Casey portrays the role of Sean Pierce, a former Navy Seal sent to Division directly from Oversight. Noah Bean portrays Ryan Fletcher, an agent in the CIA.[edit] Main cast∙Maggie Q as Nikita Mears:[5]A former spy and assassin who has vowed to destroy the secret agency that trained her.∙Lyndsy Fonseca as Alex Udinov:[6]The young woman Nikita rescued and trained to take down Division, as well to seek revenge, sinceDivision carried out the massacre of the Udinov family.∙Shane West as Michael:[7]An ex-Division agent who has fallen in love and joined forces with Nikita in order to take down his formeremployers, who lied to him.∙Aaron Stanford as Seymour Birkhoff:[8] A computer genius and nonconformist.∙Melinda Clarke as Amanda:[9]A master manipulator, interrogator, and psychologist as well as a former Head of Division.∙Dillon Casey as Sean Pierce (season 2–): A former Navy Seal hired by Oversight to keep an eye on Division and Alex's current love interest.∙Noah Bean as Ryan Fletcher (recurring seasons 1–2; series regular season 3): A CIA agent and analyst who is an ally of Nikita and the current Head of Division as of the season 2 finale.∙Devon Sawa as Owen Elliot (recurring seasons 1–2; series regular season 3): A former Division cleaner and Guardian who worked with Nikita and partly Gogol to get the Black Boxes.[edit] Recurring cast∙Peter Outerbridge as Ari Tasarov/Bill Clay: The leader of the Russian criminal organization Gogol, which seeks to rival andtopple Division.∙Lyndie Greenwood as Sonya (Season 2-): The head technician at Division since Birkhoff's leave, romantic interest of Birkhoff. [edit] Notable guest stars∙Cameron Daddo as Charles Grayson: the President of the United States ∙Michelle Nolden as Kathleen Spencer: the Vice President of the United States[edit] Former main characters∙Xander Berkeley as Percival "Percy" Rose (season 1–2):[10] Former Head of Division, killed by Nikita.∙Ashton Holmes as Thom (season 1, episodes 1–11): A Division assassin, killed by Alex and framed as Nikita's mole.∙Tiffany Hines as Jaden (season 1, episodes 1–20): A Division assassin who regularly clashed with Alex, killed by Nathan after trying to kill Alex.[edit] Former recurring characters∙Rob Stewart as Roan (season 1–2): The most notable assassin and cleaner operative in Division, killed by Alex and Sean byelectrocution.∙Thad Luckinbill as Nathan Colville (season 1): Alex's neighbor in their apartment building and love interest following graduation.∙Alberta Watson as Madeline Pierce (guest star season 1; recurring season 2): A U.S. Senator and former member of Oversight, killed by Nicolas Brant.Peter J. Lucas as Sergei Semak (season 2): The CEO of Zetrov and head of Gogol following the death of Nikolai Udinov, Alex's father.Killed by Ari Tasarov.[edit] Series overview[edit] Season 1: 2010–2011See also: Nikita (season 1)At the beginning of season one, two people break into a drug store and attempt to rob it. While stealing the drugs and trying to make a get-away, the owner challenges one of the robbers. When this robber hesitates in shooting the owner of the store, their partner doubles back to shoot him before quickly running off, leaving the remaining individual to be arrested when the police show up. Once the police arrive, they pull off the individual's mask and discover that the robber is a young female who is revealed to be Alex. As she is being brought into prison, she fights the prison guards with good strength; she does not know that Michael, a Division operative, is watching. He later processses her into Division, a covert unit of the government that has gone rogue. Division recruits young and susceptible criminals into their training program and forces them to carry out their missions under penalty of death. The higher-up members of Division are worried because Nikita has come back online, meaning that she is targeting Division from the outside. What's worse is that she has a mole inside; however at this point in the show no one in Division is aware of it. By the end of the first episode, it is revealed that this mole is in fact Alex. Halfway through the season it is revealed that the second robber in the drug store was Nikita and that the robbery was set-up specifically to attract Division's attention so that they would recruit Alex. The two communicate through a chat program Nikita created while still at Division called the shellbox program.As the series progresses, Nikita routinely sabotages missions that would have been major successes for Division and also saves the lives of recruits such as Sarah. More light is shed on the lives of the main characters through flashbacks, and it is revealed that Alex was sold into sex trafficking by a man who had been close to her oligarch father before his murder at the hands of Division.Eventually, Michael joins Nikita's cause after she helps him find Kasim Tariq. He tells her a story of how he had once found the perfect home forhis now-deceased wife and daughter. Tariq took that away from him when he killed both of them.Alex is forced to kill her rival, Jaden, after Nathan (Alex's neighbor and love interest) accidentally reveals in front of her that Alex has told him of her true occupation as a assassin. Back at Division Amanda tells Alex that Division now operates with new cochlear implants that are virtually undetectable by even the wearers, and Jaden's implant recorded Alex calling Nikita shortly after the she killed Jaden. It is at this time that Alex is found out as the mole inside Division and is thus interrogated. Michael is locked away in Division as well.Michael escapes courtesy of Birkhoff (Division's head technician) and joins Nikita who had just escaped from the CIA headquarters. As the season ends, it is shown that Amanda has disabled Alex's killchip, and wants to recruit her into Oversight (Division's leadership and funding stream). Michael and Nikita try not to worry about the future as they drive off into the oncoming storm.[edit] Season 2: 2011–2012See also: Nikita (season 2)At the end of season one, Nikita and Alex's relationship had been shattered, while Nikita and Michael's relationship was restored. Now, Nikita and Michael are on the run with a hard drive called "the black box" containing the Division's darkest secrets and conspiracies. Together, they plan to right the wrongs that Division has committed over the years, one mission at a time. But leading the hunt for the black box this time is Alex who knows all of Nikita's tricks. Although Alex is working with Division, she isn't looking to kill Nikita, only to get the black box, with Nikita in her way.[edit] Season 3: 2012–2013See also: Nikita (season 3)。

美国休闲英文全介绍

Baseball

The baseball pre-season now begins in February. The regular season begins at the beginning of April and ends in October.
An Introduction to British and American Culture

Valentine’s Day

Celebrated on February 14th Heart and Cupid, the symbols of Valentine’s Day Cupid, the son of Venus, the goddess of love will shoot his arrows into people’s hearts and the people who are shot will fall in love.
Holidays

Christmas Day

Celebrated on December 25 Santa Claus Reenacts the Christmas story Christmas hymns are sung. Christmas trees Turkey
An Introduction to British and American Culture

An Introduction to British and American Culture
Summary
British Mass Media Sports Holidays
American

Mass Media Sports Holidays

山西省大同一中2022-2021学年高一上学期期中考试英语 Word版含答案

2022~2021学年度第一学期期中试卷高一英语大同一中刘进春第Ⅰ卷（共60分）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AWelcome to Los Angeles. Here are some best things to do in Los Angeles(LA) with your kids.Fall at the BeachThanks to its almost perfect weather all through the year, a visit to the beach is one of the best things to do when in Los Angeles with kids. While they enjoy themselves nearby, you can simply relax and have a good rest in the sun.Trip to DisneylandA trip to the City of Angels with your little angels is incomplete without a visit to the Magic Kingdom. The joy they’ll feel from being around all those Disney characters will light up your day, too.Visit to the museumsIf you want to turn your stay in LA into an educational one for your kids, you should visit the museums. Starting with the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, or the California Science Center, or even the Kidspace Museum in Pasadena, you have man y choices. I’m sure a visit to all these places will make your kids feel smarter.Visit to the Universal Studios HollywoodYour kids could get to see interesting things from some of the most popular movies ever. From the theme parkof Jurassic Park to Wisteria Lane from the TV play Desperate Housewives, the Universal Studios Hollywood is a place that we all find wonderful.1．The passage is written for those who ________.A．will go on a business trip to Los AngelesB．plan to have a trip to Los Angeles with their kidsC．want to educate their children by traveling abroadD．are interested in the history and culture of Los Angeles2．Parents who prefer their kids to learn should choose ________.A．the Universal Studios Hollywood B．the Magic KingdomC．the museums D．the beach 3．The writer suggests visiting the beach because ________.A．children can learn a lot there B．parents can take a rest thereC．it provides different sports equipment D．it’s the best beach in the worldBA young boy recently received an unexpected message in the mail from his father Joseph, who died two years ago.Rowan’s dad was a hard-working man who wanted to give his son the best life he could. It was why Rowan’s mother, Julie Van Stone, said Joseph joined the Navy and w ent to MIT to get two Master’s degrees.While at school in Boston, he would often write to Rowan. Even when he left school and was driving back to Colorado, he would send postcards from each state he stopped in. Those postcards were sent in 2007. “I reme mber him saying he had sent 5 or 6, but Rowan had only got 3 or 4 in the mail. But I never thought anything of it,” Van Stone said.Those postcards and pictures are priceless memories for Van Stone and her son, especially after Joseph passed away from a rare brain disease. Rowan never had a chance to say goodbye. But, on Saturday, just days before thetwo-year anniversary of Joseph’s death, a postcard arrived in the mail. It arrived on March 11, 2021. The message read：“Hello from Pennsylvania. I love you,and I miss you so much. See you soon. Love, Daddy.”Neither he nor his mother knows how it happened, and they may never know. But, they have their own ideas why. “I feel like that was the final goodbye that he didn’t get to say,” Van Stone said. Van Stone says Joseph’s last words to her before he died were：“Everything is a circle. We will see each other again. All that matters is love.”4．What did Rowan’s dad do to make his son live well？A．He got many Master’s Degrees.B．He became a soldier in Navy.C．He kept writing to his son. D．He said goodbye to his son.5．When Rowan only received 3 or 4 of postcards, Van Stone ________.A．paid little attention to that B．let Joseph stop sending postcardsC．drove back to Colorado D．wrote to Rowan every year6．How long did it take for the last postcard to reach Rowan？A．2 years. B．5 years. C．6 years.D．8 years.7．Where did Rowan’s dad send the last postcard？A．In Boston. B．In Colorado. C．In Pennsylvania. D．In New York.CYou may not know a lot of people when you start high school. Even if you know some freshmen, you still feel nervous that you don’t know any upper-class men and teachers. How are you going to make friends among this sea of unknown faces？Most high schools hold a freshman orientation before school actually starts, which is helpful not only becauseyou learn your way around the building and get to meet some of your teachers, but also because you get to meet fellow freshmen. That way, when you show up on your first day of school, you may already recognize a few familiar faces.When you talk to your new classmates, you’ll probably find that a lot of them are feeling just like you are. They’re all new to the school and don’t know what to expect. Talking about a common concern with them can help you develop friendships.The work in high school is something freshmen are probably worried about. The work in high school builds on what you learned in middle school, giving you a more advanced knowledge of many subjects. So you may find you have more work to do or that it’s a bit more challenging. If you ever find your work too difficult, teachers can give you extra help.High school also has more extracurricular activities than middle school did such as clubs, music and theater groups and sports teams. This is a good time to explore your interests and try new things.High school gives you the chance to learn how to manage your time, to develop your social skills and interests, and more importantly to be more independent and responsible.8．What does the underlined word “orientation” mean in Paragraph 2？A．Training. B．Game. C．Discussion. D．Examination.9．What are freshmen probably worried about？A．The learning task. B．The ability to make friends.C．The relationship with teachers. D．The freshman orientation.10．Extracurricular activities mainly help students ________.A．build up healthy bodies B．develop friendshipsC．develop their interests D．improve their learning ability11．This passage is written for ________.A．freshmen at high school B．freshmen’s parentsC．middle school students D．upper-classmen in high schoolDAmericans think that everything we British people say sounds smart. We think that they sound low-class, but secretly we think they sound cool. These are just old beliefs about British and American English, but there is some truth in them.What is certainly true is that the differences between British and American English continue to interest us.When the US was only about 20 years old, people were already saying that British accents sounded more intelligent，according to Erin Moore’s book That’s Not English：Britishisms, Americanisms, and What Our English Says About Us.However, there are many different accents in Britain-Moore says the UK may have just as many regional accents as the US, even though the population is almost one-fifth the size. In the UK, accents have a lot to do with class, but to many Americans, even an accent that British people think is “low class” is thought of as in telligent and better, according to MPR News.American slang(俚语) has been part of British people’s vocabulary for a long time-the number of American television, movies and music enjoyed in the UK means that British people have been using words like “cool” and “awesome” for years now. But sometimes words from the UK ma ke it to the US-like “gobsmacked”.“Gobsmacked” started as slang from northern England. “Gob” means mouth, so the word means “surprised as if someone smacked you in the mouth”. Reality television brought it to the US, Moore said. When the singer Susan Boyle became famous for her unlikely great singing voice on the show Britain’s Got Talent, she used it all the time. “I’m gobsmacked,” she repeated, and it got popular.“Americans love a colorful piece of slang as much as anyone else,” said Moore. And this is just one example of how Britons and Americans can leave each other “gobsmacked” with their different types of English!12．What do American people think of British English？A．Cool. B．Low-class. C．Intelligent. D．Interesting.13．What can we know from the passage？A．There are more accents in Britain than in the US.B．The UK is a large country with a small population.C．American slang is the most important part of British people’s vocabulary.D．In the UK, people of different classes speak differently.14．The word “gobsmacked” became widely used because of ________.A．MPR News and the USB．Erin Moore and northern EnglandC．Susan Boyle and Britain’s Got TalentD．Reality television and American slang15．What is the best title for the passage？A．American slang and British slangB．British people and American peopleC．British accents and American accentsD．Differences between British and American English其次节七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

美国各大电视台的英文介绍和电视专业术语(the appreciation of American Series)

The Appreciation of American TV SeriesPart I. American TV StationNBC•The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City’s Rockefeller Center.•It is sometimes referred to as the Peacock Network due to its stylized peacock logo, created exclusively for color broadcasts.•Formed in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), NBC was the first major broadcast network in the United States. In 1986, control of NBC passed to General Electric (GE), with GE’s $6.4 billion purchase of RCA.•NBC is available in an estimated 112 million households, 98.6% of those with televisions. NBC has 10 owned-and-operated stations and nearly 200 affiliates in the United States and its territories.ABC•American Broadcasting Company•Created in 1943 from the former NBC Blue radio network, ABC is owned by The Walt Disney Company and is part of Disney-ABC Television Group. It first broadcast on television in 1948.•Corporate headquarters are in Manhattan in New York City, while programming offices are in Burbank, California adjacent to the Walt Disney Studios and the Walt Disney Company corporate headquarters.•The network is sometimes referred to as the Alphabet Network, due to the letters "ABC" being the first three letters of the Latin alphabet, in order.2004 -- Present•Determined not to lose its prominence on TV, ABC was able to find success in ratings beginning in 2004. In the fall of that year, ABC premiered two highly anticipated series Desperate Housewives, and Lost. Immediately, the network’s ratings skyrocketed to unprecedented levels.•It followed up its prosperity with the premieres of Grey’s Anatomy in 2005, and in 2006, the dramedy Ugly Betty, which are all popular among viewers and critically acclaimed.•ABC continues to place second in ratings thanks to its highly popular shows, mainly Desperate Housewives, Lost, Grey's Anatomy, Ugly Betty, and Dancing with the Stars, although it has slipped to third since 2007.•In April 2009, ABC announced that they will bring Who Wants to be a Millionaire back into Primetime for a 2-week lifespan in response to the popularity of the 2008 Oscar-winning film Slumdog Millionaire.•There have been attempts to broaden the ABC brand name. In 2004, ABC launched a news cha nnel called “ABC News Now”. Its aim is to provide round-the-clock news on over-the-air digital TV, cable TV, the Internet, and mobile phones.•Good Morning America (GMA) is an American news Morning show and talk show that isbroadcast on the ABC television network, debuting on November 3, 1975.•The show features news, talk, weather, and special interest stories. It is produced live from Times Square Studios in New York City and fed to all network affiliates. The program is currently hosted by Diane Sawyer and Robin Roberts.TNT•TNT (originally Turner Network Television) is an American cable TV channel created by media mogul Robert Edward “Ted” Turner III and currently owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner.•On June 12, 2001, TNT relaunched itself, with a new logo and tagline, "We Know Drama.", which emphasized the channel’s new focus on programming with drama and energy, such as sports and network TV dramas like Angel, Law & Order, Charmed, NYPD Blue, ER, Without a Trace, Alias, Judging Amy, Las Vegas, Leverage and Cold Case.•In 2004, TNT became the first Turner channel to begin broadcasting in High Definition. TNT is also one of the Turner-owned channels which now shows the classic 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.•On December 7, 2008, TNT unveiled a new ad campaign with a newly stylized update of its logo, mainly in shiny silver but sometimes in gold.•The campaign will continue to use the channel’s tagline “We Know Drama” but with more of a focus on its original series and its plan to have three nights of original primetime programming starting in 2009.CBS•CBS Broadcasting Inc. is an American television network, which started out as a radio network.•The name is derived from the initials of the network’s former name, Columbia Broadcasti ng System. The network is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network or more simply The Eye, in reference to the shape of the company’s logo.•The CBS Building in New York City, also known as “Black Rock”, is the 38-story headquarters of the CBS Corporation.2002 -- Present•The turning point for CBS came in the summer of 2000 when it debuted the summer reality show Survivor, which became a surprise summer hit for the network.•In January 2001, CBS debuted the second season of the show after its airing of the Super Bowl, and moved the police procedural C.S.I. to Thursdays and was both able to chip away at and eventually beat NBC’s Thursday night lineup, and attract younger viewers to the network.•CBS has had additional successes with police procedurals Cold Case, Without a Trace, Criminal Minds, NCIS, and The Mentalist, along with CSI: Miami and CSI: NY, and sitcoms Everybody Loves Raymond, Two and a Half Men, How I Met Your Mother, The Big Bang Theory and The New Adventures of Old Christine.•During the 2007-2008 season, Fox ranked as the top-rated network, primarily due to itsreliance on American Idol. However, according to Nielsen, CBS ended up as the top-rated network for the 2008-2009 season.FOX•The Fox Broadcasting Company (FBC), commonly referred to as FOX, is owned by Fox Entertainment Group, part of Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation.•The network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studio’s predecessors, Fox Film.1986 -- 2009•Launched on October 9, 1986, from 2004 to 2009 FOX was the highest-rated broadcast network in the 18–49 demographic. In the 2007–08 season, FOX became the most popular network in America in household ratings for the first time in its history, replacing CBS. CBS took back the top spot in the 2008-09 season, though FOX remains a solid runner-up.2000s: The Idol Effect•FOX arguably hit a few bumps in its programming during 1999 and the early 2000s. Many staple shows of the 1990s had ended or were on the decline. During this time, FOX put much of its efforts into producing reality fare with subjects often seen as extravagant, shocking, and/or distasteful.•Between 2000 and 2009, FOX added the cable channels FOX College Sports, Fuel TV, FOX Reality Channel and FOX Business Network.•After shedding most of these shows, FOX regained a ratings foothold with acclaimed dramas such as 24, The O.C., House and Bones.•By 2005, FOX’s most popular show by far was the talent search American Idol, peaking at up to 37 mill ion viewers on certain episodes and being the nation’s highest-rated program in the 2004–05 season. House, airing after Idol on Tuesday nights and having had a successful run of summer repeats in 2005, positioned itself as a top-ten hit in the 2005–06 season.•FOX hit a milestone in February 2005 by scoring its first-ever sweeps victory among all viewers. This was largely due to the broadcast of Super Bowl XXXIX, but also on the strength of American Idol, 24, House, and The O.C.•By the end of the 2004–05 television season, FOX ranked No. 1 for the first time in its history among the 18–49 demographic most appealing to advertisers.•Another milestone came on May 21, 2008, FOX took the #1 general households rating crown for the first time, based on the strength of Super Bowl XLII and American Idol.Syfy•Syfy is an American cable television channel launched on September 24, 1992, that specializes in science fiction, fantasy, horror, and paranormal programming. The name Syfy was officially adopted on July 7, 2009.Sci Fi Syfy•On March 16, 2009, Sci Fi announced that it would be changing its name to Syfy as part of an on-going rebranding effort. Network officials also noted that, unlike the generic term “sci-fi” which represents the entire science fiction genre, the term “Syfy” can be protected by trademark and therefore would be easier to market on other goods or services without fear of confusion with other companies’ products.•Syfy's programming includes original television movies, miniseries, and series. In the past, the channel has also aired many canceled "cult classic" science fiction TV shows.•It gained national prominence in 2003 with the airing of Steven Spielberg Presents: Taken, which won the Emmy Award that year for best miniseries. In 2006, it also began including several non-sci-fi programs in its line-up, such as Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, WWE's ECW and WCG Ultimate Gamer.HBO•Home Box Office (HBO), a premium television programming owned by Warner Brothers Entertainment subsidiary of Time Warner, offers two 24/7 pay television services (HBO and Cinemax) to over 38 million U.S. subscribers in the United States.•HBO programming is broadcast into over 150 countries worldwide.SHOWTIME•Showtime is a subscription television brand used by a number of channels and platforms around the world, but primarily refers to a group of channels in the United States. As of August 2005, Showtime's programming is available to around 13 million subscribers in the United States. •Showtime primarily shows motion pictures as well as some original programming and occasional boxing and MMA matches.Part II. Explanation of TermsA.PilotB.EpisodeC.SeasonD.TeleplayE.Spin-offugh Trackedy-drama H.CliffhangerI.RerunJ.HiatusK.Audience Measurement L.WGAM.ATASN.Emmy AwardA. Pilot•Pilot (or Television Pilot) is a test episode of an intended television series, also, it’s an early step in the development of a television series.•Functions:works use pilots to discover whether an entertaining concept can be successfullyrealized.2.After seeing this sample of the proposed product, networks will then determine whetherthe expense of additional episodes is justified.Variety estimates that only a little over a quarter of all pilots made for American television succeed to the series stage.B. Episode•An episode is a part of a dramatic work such as a serial television or radio program.•Episodes which end in the middle of a climatic moment are often called cliffhangers, after the name used for early movie serials. Such episodes are frequently used in season finales of many prime time shows.•Shows usually have numbers or codes (aka, Production codes/numbers) for each episode.The X-Files, for example, assigned a code in the format "sXnn", with 's' identifying the season number and 'nn' being a two-digit number for each show, starting with '01'.C. Season•In North America and Australia, the term used to describe a regular run of episodes is a television season or simply, season. For example, a season of a television series might consist of 20–26 episodes broadcast regularly between September and May with a hiatus during the (Christmas/New Year’s Eve) holidays.•Alternatively, it may comprise 20–26 consecutive episodes between September and December or January and May. The latter is often referred to as a "non-stop season", which are usually used for serial television series (e.g., 24 and Lost). Another example might be a series that airs only a 6–13 episode season during the summer.•In the United States, most regular television series have 20 to 26 episodes per season. In general, dramas usually last 44 minutes (an hour with advertisements), while comedies last 22 (30 with advertisements).D. Teleplay• A teleplay is a play written or adapted for television. The term surfaced during the 1950swith wide usage to distinguish a TV script from stage plays for the theater and screenplays written for films.•In modern usage, a "teleplay" generally refers to a script written for a television series.Formats vary depending on the type of show.•The format for the average one-hour drama, however, at first glance looks virtually identical to a screenplay. The main difference between a screenplay and a teleplay, aside from length, is that a teleplay is split into acts. This allows the writer to control when commercial breaks will occur; commercials are placed between the acts.E. Spin-off• A spin-off is a new organization or entity formed by a split from a larger one, such as a television series based on a pre-existing one.•The term sub-series is generally used instead of spin-off, but with essentially the same meaning.F. Laugh Track• A laugh track, (laughter soundtrack, laughter track, LFN “Laughter From Nowhere”, canned laughter or a laughing audience) is a separate soundtrack invented by Charles Douglass, with the artificial sound of audience laughter, made to be inserted into TV comedy shows and sitcoms.•The first American television show to incorporate a laugh track was the American sitcom The Hank McCune Show in 1950.G. Comedy-drama•Comedy-drama, also called dramedy or seriocomedy, is a style of television, theatre and film in which there is an equal or nearly equal balance of humor and serious content.H. Cliffhanger• A cliffhanger (or cliffhanger ending), is a plot device in fiction which features a main character in a precarious or difficult dilemma, or confronted with a shocking revelation. A cliffhanger is hoped to ensure the audience will return to see how the characters resolve the dilemma.I. Rerun• A rerun (or repeat), is a re-airing of an episode of a radio or television broadcast.•There are two types of reruns—those that occur during a hiatus, and those that occur when a program is syndicated.•Reruns can also be, as the case with more popular shows, when a show is aired outside of its timeslot (e.g. in the afternoon).J. Hiatus•In television scheduling, a hiatus refers to a break of at least several weeks in the normal schedule of a television program. It can occur during a season of a television program, or can be between television seasons (usually starting in June and ending in August whenshooting starts for the next season).•In recent years, some television shows have been placed “on hiatus” by their networks for long periods of up to several years, effectively canceling them while leaving viewers and producers with the possible hope of the shows’ eventual return.K. Audience Measurement•Audience Measurement measure how many people are in an audience, usually in relation to radio listenership and television viewership, but also newspaper and magazine readership, and increasingly, usage of websites.•It is, to help broadcasters and advertisers determine who is listening, rather than just how many. This broader meaning is called audience research.L. WGA•The Writers Guild of America is a generic term referring to the joint efforts of two different US labor unions:•The Writers Guild of America, East (WGAE), representing TV and film writers around New York City.•The Writers Guild of America, West (WGAW), representing TV and film writers in Hollywood and southern California.M. ATAS•The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences was founded in 1946; just one month after network television was born.•It is a nonprofit organization devoted to the advancement of telecommunications arts and sciences and to fostering creative leadership in the telecommunications industry.•The Television Academy is the only major organization devoted entirely to television and is made up of more than 15,000 members representing 28 professional peer groups, including performers, directors, producers, art directors and various other artisans, technicians and executives.N. Emmy Award•The Emmy Award, also known as the 'Emmy', is a television production award, and is considered the television equivalent to the Academy Awards (for film), Grammy Awards (for music) and Tony Awards (for stage).•They are presented in various sectors of the television industry, including entertainment programming, news and documentary shows, and sports programming. As such, the awards are presented in various area-specific ceremonies held annually throughout the year. The best known of these ceremonies are the Primetime Emmy Awards.Why call it “Emmy”?•The name “Emmy” was derived from “Immy,” a nickname for the image orthicon camera tube (图像正析像管) , which was instrumental in the development of modern television.What’s meaning of the statuette?•The word was feminized as “Emmy” to complement the design chosen for the statuette, which depicted a winged, idealized woman holding an atom.•It become the symbol of the TV Academy's goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television: The wings represent the muse of art; the atom the electron of science.•In 1949, the Television Academy held the first Emmy Awards ceremony, an annual event created to recognize excellence in television programming.Part III. GenreA.Situation ComedyB.Medical DramaC.Sci-fi DramaD.Crime DramaE.Legal DramaF.Teen DramaG.Historical DramaH.Reality Show & Reality CompetitionI.Talk ShowJ.Miniseries & TV MoviesPart IV. Television Content Rating Systems•Television Content Rating Systems give television viewers an idea of the suitability of a television program for children and/or adults.•Many countries have their own television rating system and each country's rating process may differ due to local priorities.•Programs are rated by either the organization that manages the system, the broadcaster or by the content producers themselves.• A rating is usually set for each individual episode of a television series. The rating can change per episode, network, rerun and per country.TV Parental Guidelines•The system was first proposed on December 19, 1996 by the United States Congress, the television industry and the FCC, and went into effect by January 1, 1997 on most major broadcast and cable networks in response to public concerns of increasingly explicit sexual content, graphic violence and strong profanity in television programs.•It was established as a voluntary-participation system, with ratings to be determined by the individually-participating broadcast and cable networks.•But the guidelines themselves have no legal force, and does not apply to news or sports programming.RatingsTV-Y➢(All Children)•This program is designed to be appropriate for all children. Whether animated or live-action, the themes and elements in this program are specifically designed for a very young audience, including children from ages 2-6. This program is not expected to frighten younger children.TV-Y7➢(Directed to Older Children)•This program is designed for children age 7 and above. It may be more appropriate for children who have acquired the developmental skills needed to distinguish between make-believe and reality. Themes and elements in this program may include mild fantasy violence or comedic violence, or may frighten children under the age of 7. Therefore, parents may wish to consider the suitability of this program for their very young children.TV-G➢(General Audiences)•Most parents would find this program suitable for all ages. Although this rating does not signify a program designed specifically for children, most parents may let younger children watch this program unattended. It contains little or no violence, no strong language and little or no sexual dialogue or situations.•Many programs on Disney Channel use the TV-G rating instead of the TV-Y7 rating, as the programs aim more toward a family audience.TV-PG➢(Parental Guidance Suggested)•This rating signifies that the program may be unsuitable for children under age 10 or 12, without the guidance of a parent. Various game shows and most reality shows are rated TV-PG for their suggestive dialog, suggestive humor, and/or coarse language.•The TV-PG rating may be accompanied by one or more of the following sub-ratings:D for some suggestive dialogueL for infrequent coarse languageS for some sexual situationsV for moderate violenceTV-14➢(Parents Strongly Cautioned)•Programs issued the TV-14 rating are usually unsuitable for children under the age of 14 without the guidance of a parent or guardian.•Many programs that air after 9:00 pm are rated TV-14. Live programming like televised awards ceremonies, concerts, and some specials will be issued a general TV-14 rating, because of the possibility that profanity, nudity, or suggestive dialogue may occur.TV-MA➢(Mature Audience Only)• A TV-MA rating means the program may be unsuitable for those below 17 without parental guidance. The program may contain extreme graphic violence, strong profanity, overtly sexual dialogue, very coarse language, nudity and/or strong sexual content.Although not a very large number of shows carry this rating, South Park is a popular example of a show that carries a TV-MA rating.•This rating may be accompanied by any of the following sub-ratings:L for crude indecent languageS for explicit sexual situations/nudityV for graphic violence•For the first 15 seconds of every rated program lasting a half-hour or less, a large rating icon appears in the upper-left hand corner of the screen. For every rated program running an hour or longer, a rating appears in the upper-left hand corner of the TV screen at the beginning of each half hour.•Starting in June 2005, many networks now display the ratings after every commercial break. ABC was one of the first television networks to display the program's rating after every commercial break in addition to at the beginning of the program.。

2023年北京西城高三一模英语试题及答案

2023年北京西城高三一模英语试题及答案试题部分Section A - Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Questions 1-3 are based on the following passage.Nearly 3 billion animals have been affected by the bushfire crisis that has hit Australia since September, according to WWF (World Wildlife Fund). Researchers say that this may have pushed many species closer to extinction (灭绝).“Three billion native animals is a truly shocking number. It’s hard to think of another event globally that has killed or displaced that many animals,” said D r. Stuart Blanch, senior manager of land clearing and restoration at WWF-Australia.Bushfires have been ravaging Australia for months, fueled by record-breaking heat and drought conditions. Scientists warn that climate change has played a significant role in the severity and persistence (持续性) of the fires.The impact on the country’s unique wildlife has been devastating. The fires tore through critical habitat, including that of iconic species such as koalas and kangaroos.Conservationists fear the crisis may have pushed several species closer to extinction. “Just imagine being in a fire zone with flames approaching and nowhere to run. That’s what these animals faced," says Blanch.WWF-Australia’s estimate includes animals that may have been displaced and cannot be accounted for. However, it does not include any insects, frogs, bats, or other invertebrates (无脊椎动物).1. According to WWF, how many animals have been affected by the bushfire crisis in Australia?2. What is the main factor contributing to the severity and persistence of the bushfires, as mentioned in the passage?3. What is NOT included in WWF's estimate of the affected animals?Passage 2Questions 4-7 are based on the following passage.Oprah Winfrey is considered one of the most powerful women in the entertainment industry, with a career that has spanned television, film, and philanthropy (慈善事业). However, her path to success was not always smooth.Winfrey faced numerous challenges throughout her life, including poverty, abuse, and racial discrimination. Born into rural poverty, she grew up in a troubled neighborhood and struggled with difficult family circumstances. Despite these obstacles, Winfrey was determined to overcome her circumstances and pursue her dreams.Her breakthrough came when she became the first African-American female news anchor in Nashville, Tennessee. This helped launch her career in television, which eventually led to the creation of her own talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show. The show was an immediate success and quickly became the highest-rated talk show in American television history.Beyond her television success, Winfrey has used her influence and resources to make a positive impact on the world. She has been involved in numerous philanthropic efforts, including the establishment of The Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy for Girls, a school in South Africa providing education for disadvantaged girls.Winfrey's story is a testament to the power of perseverance (坚持不懈) and determination. Despite facing adversity, she never gave up on her dreams and continues to inspire millions around the globe.4. What kind of challenges did Oprah Winfrey face throughout her life?5. What was Winfrey's breakthrough in her career?6. Apart from her television success, how has Winfrey made a positive impact on the world?7. What does Winfrey's story demonstrate?Section B - Language Usage8. Complete the following sentence:I _________ to the party last night, but I wasn't feeling well.Section C - WritingPart 1 - Letter WritingYou recently visited a local restaurant and were disappointed with the food and service. Write a letter to the restaurant manager explaining your concerns and expressing your dissatisfaction. Offer suggestions for improvement.Part 2 - Essay WritingWrite an essay on the following topic:The Importance of Environmental Conservation答案部分Section A - Reading ComprehensionPassage 11. Three billion.2. Climate change.3. Insects, frogs, bats, and other invertebrates.Passage 24. Poverty, abuse, and racial discrimination.5. Becoming the first African-American female news anchor in Nashville, Tennessee.6. Through philanthropic efforts, such as establishing a school for disadvantaged girls in South Africa.7. It demonstrates the power of perseverance and determination.Section B - Language Usage8. intendedSection C - WritingPart 1 - Letter Writing(请自行书写)Part 2 - Essay Writing(请自行书写)这只是粗略的答案，你可以根据需要自行进行修改和发挥。

上海市徐汇区上海第四中学2025届高三英语第一学期期末综合测试试题含解析

上海市徐汇区上海第四中学2025届高三英语第一学期期末综合测试试题注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．He was greatly shocked at Donald Trump’s taking office. Never did he expect that the voters _______ be so unreasonable.A．should B．couldC．would D．might2．---I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.---That’s _______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.A．how B．when C．where D．what3．—What do you think of Tom?—He has been working very hard. ______ he is an advanced worker.A．No wonder B．No doubt C．No worry D．No problem4．________ who are able to work through the struggle are the ________ who are going to be successful.A．Someone; one B．Anyone; oneC．He; ones D．Those; ones5．The maple trees turn a brilliant red in autumn, adding another to the colors in the harvest season.A．theme B．versionC．category D．dimension6．He is such an unselfish man. You cannot help but ________ him.A．respect B．to respect C．neglect D．to neglect7．—There aren’t any toys in our suitcase．Where have you put them?—Oh, no．That old lady sitting next to us ______ have taken ours by mistake.A．must B．could C．should D．would8．Life the like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.A．an; the B．the; aC．the ;/ D．/ ; a9．Large quantities of time ______ for practising guided writings.A．was needed B．are needed C．needs D．is needed10．—Thank God I passed the interview yesterday. I was sweating heavily.—Me too. I ________ when I was sitting outside waiting.A．looked down my nose B．let my hair downC．had butterflies in my stomach D．chanced my arm11．We work during the week，but weekends and evenings are usually ________．A．vacant B．casual C．empty D．clear12．---Can those___________ at the back of the classroom hear me?---No problem.A．seat B．sitC．seated D．sat13．We have no idea what air we will be breathing in the future if weanything to stop hazy weather.A．hadn’t done B．didn’t doC．haven’t done D．don’t do14．______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see films so often.A．If it is not B．Had it not beenC．Were it not D．If they were not15．---- Hi, Maria! I got the first place in the exam.---- ______ ! Everyone knows you cheated and you just copied Tony's. A．Congratulations B．Come on C．Good luck D．Cheer up. 16．The problem with the current system allows anyone to commit a similar crime without . It needs to be fixed.A．being punished B．punishedC．to punish D．punishing17．______ you are supposed to do ______ you don't like a thing is ______ it.Don'tcomplain.A．That; what; change B．When; that; to change C．What; when; change D．What; that; changing18．I can ________ Diana’s thoughts from the changes in her facial expressions.A．read B．notice C．count D．watch19．The argument remains extremely heated it is necessary to frequently update teaching material.A．that B．which C．if D．whether20．They felt ________ it was high tax and low income ________ contributed to the extreme misery of the working people at the bottom of the ladder.A．/；that B．that; whichC．that; what D．/; which第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

america的英文怎么读

美国各大电视台的英文介绍和电视专业术语(the appreciation of American Series)

NIKITA简介

美国休闲英文全介绍

山西省大同一中2022-2021学年高一上学期期中考试 英语 Word版含答案

美国各大电视台的英文介绍和电视专业术语(the appreciation of American Series)

2023年北京西城高三一模英语试题及答案

上海市徐汇区上海第四中学2025届高三英语第一学期期末综合测试试题含解析

山西省大同一中2022-2021学年高一上学期期中考试英语 Word版含答案