walter_scott
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Jane Austen ,Walter Scott, Charles Lamb
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Point of view
The term point of view refers to the physical vantage point from which the author narrates the actions of the story. It is the position or location from which the author speaks to the reader. Subjective narration: the “first-person point of view” The narrator is likely to tell quite a different story from the one he or she thinks is being told, for being simple-minded, or deliberately lying. This often renders the narrator unreliable, which forces the reader to read actively. Anonymous narration: the “third-person point of view”— totally omniscient narrator / single character limited omniscience / dual character limited omniscience / multiple character omniscience
Theme
Theme is what a story means, what it says to us; and it results from the interaction of plot, character, emotion, and symbolism. Theme is the sum total of everything that takes place in a story plus the effect all this has on the mind of the reader. Stories can often be interpreted in more than one way, depending upon the inferences the reader draws from the facts that are presented.
Point of view
The term point of view refers to the physical vantage point from which the author narrates the actions of the story. It is the position or location from which the author speaks to the reader. Subjective narration: the “first-person point of view” The narrator is likely to tell quite a different story from the one he or she thinks is being told, for being simple-minded, or deliberately lying. This often renders the narrator unreliable, which forces the reader to read actively. Anonymous narration: the “third-person point of view”— totally omniscient narrator / single character limited omniscience / dual character limited omniscience / multiple character omniscience
Theme
Theme is what a story means, what it says to us; and it results from the interaction of plot, character, emotion, and symbolism. Theme is the sum total of everything that takes place in a story plus the effect all this has on the mind of the reader. Stories can often be interpreted in more than one way, depending upon the inferences the reader draws from the facts that are presented.
英国文学文学作家及作品汇总
2、William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616
The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗
The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗
十九世纪英国作家作品一览表
艰难时世 1854 长篇小说
双城记 1859 长篇小说
远大前程 1860 教育小说
18.Robert Browning 罗伯特·勃朗宁1812.5-1889
戏剧抒情诗 1842 诗集
戏剧传奇与抒情诗1845 诗集
19.CharloteBronte 夏洛蒂·勃朗特 1816-1855
20.EmilyBronte爱米丽·勃朗特 1818-1848
现代爱情 1862 诗歌
利己主义者 1879 小说
大地欢歌 1888 诗歌
24.William Morris威廉·莫里斯1834-1896
地上乐园 1868-1870 叙事诗集
乌有乡消息 1890 长篇小说
25.Samuel Butler塞缪尔·巴特勒1835-1902
圣亚尼节前夜 1819 长诗
秋颂 1819 短诗
希腊古瓮颂 1819 短诗
伊莎贝拉 1820 长诗
12.Thomas Carlyle托马斯·卡莱尔1795.12-1881
论英雄与英雄崇拜 1841 文学理论
回忆录 1881 传记
13.Thomas Hood托马斯·胡德1799-1845
衬衫之歌 1843 诗歌
昆廷·达沃德 1823 异国题材小说
3.Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834
抒情歌谣集（与威廉·华兹华斯合编） 1789 诗集
忧郁颂 1802 诗歌
忽必烈汗 1816 诗歌
文学传记 1817 诗歌
4.Robert Southey罗伯特· 骚塞1774–1843
《纳尔逊传》 1813 传记
南方与北方 1855 长篇小说
夏洛蒂勃郎特传 1857 传记
双城记 1859 长篇小说
远大前程 1860 教育小说
18.Robert Browning 罗伯特·勃朗宁1812.5-1889
戏剧抒情诗 1842 诗集
戏剧传奇与抒情诗1845 诗集
19.CharloteBronte 夏洛蒂·勃朗特 1816-1855
20.EmilyBronte爱米丽·勃朗特 1818-1848
现代爱情 1862 诗歌
利己主义者 1879 小说
大地欢歌 1888 诗歌
24.William Morris威廉·莫里斯1834-1896
地上乐园 1868-1870 叙事诗集
乌有乡消息 1890 长篇小说
25.Samuel Butler塞缪尔·巴特勒1835-1902
圣亚尼节前夜 1819 长诗
秋颂 1819 短诗
希腊古瓮颂 1819 短诗
伊莎贝拉 1820 长诗
12.Thomas Carlyle托马斯·卡莱尔1795.12-1881
论英雄与英雄崇拜 1841 文学理论
回忆录 1881 传记
13.Thomas Hood托马斯·胡德1799-1845
衬衫之歌 1843 诗歌
昆廷·达沃德 1823 异国题材小说
3.Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834
抒情歌谣集（与威廉·华兹华斯合编） 1789 诗集
忧郁颂 1802 诗歌
忽必烈汗 1816 诗歌
文学传记 1817 诗歌
4.Robert Southey罗伯特· 骚塞1774–1843
《纳尔逊传》 1813 传记
南方与北方 1855 长篇小说
夏洛蒂勃郎特传 1857 传记
Walter-Scott
and tradition
8,high school
Father’s office, law
at the same time ,engaged in writing
translation from the German dramas and poems
The Lay of the Last Minstrel
2023最新整理收集 do something
Walter Scott (1771—1832 ) 瓦尔特·司各特
1. The father of the historical novel 2. Scottish Novelist and Poet 3. His language is difficult with Scottish dialect.
1) tribal mode of life prevailing the mountains or the Highlands
background: 2) preservation of feudal customs in the estates of the large landowners
3) early development of capitalism in the big cities
from the Middle Ages to the 18th century subjects: history of Scotland,
English history, history of European countries.
1.Waverley 《威弗利》 2.Guy Mannering 《盖曼纳合》 3.Old Morality 《清教徒》
• C. The feudal system in the Middle Ages（involving all
8,high school
Father’s office, law
at the same time ,engaged in writing
translation from the German dramas and poems
The Lay of the Last Minstrel
2023最新整理收集 do something
Walter Scott (1771—1832 ) 瓦尔特·司各特
1. The father of the historical novel 2. Scottish Novelist and Poet 3. His language is difficult with Scottish dialect.
1) tribal mode of life prevailing the mountains or the Highlands
background: 2) preservation of feudal customs in the estates of the large landowners
3) early development of capitalism in the big cities
from the Middle Ages to the 18th century subjects: history of Scotland,
English history, history of European countries.
1.Waverley 《威弗利》 2.Guy Mannering 《盖曼纳合》 3.Old Morality 《清教徒》
• C. The feudal system in the Middle Ages（involving all
开题报告：文学论文开题报告范文四篇
开题报告：文学论文开题报告范文四篇文学论文开题报告范文一论司各特苏格兰小说的生态意识一、立论依据（论文的研究意义、国内外研究现状分析、附主要参考文献）一、研究意义华特•司各特( Walter Scott,1771--1832)，英国浪漫主义文学作家，历史小说作家。
一生共创作了27部历史小说，因其对历史小说体裁及写作技巧的完善作出了卓越的贡献，并对后世文学创作产生了深远的影响，被尊为“欧洲历史小说之父”。
司各特生活的年代，是英国发生巨大历史变革的年代，工业革命在英国已经基本上完成，资本主义制度在英国得到了确立。
然而正如恩格斯所说:“和启蒙学者的华美预言比起来，由‘理性的胜利’建立起来的社会制度和政治制度竟是一幅令人极度失望的讽刺画。
”令人失望的现实让人们萌生出回到以前未被现代文明破坏的生活中去的想法。
正像所有的浪漫主义作家一样，司各特对新兴的资本主义经济和资本主义文化有着一种深深地抵触情绪，认为它破坏了过去人与人以及人与社会之间的某种仁爱的关系。
司各特生于爱丁堡，一生挚爱苏格兰，对那里的一草一木都有着深厚的感情，这些成为他以后创作的不竭源泉。
在他的心目中，苏格兰是一个古朴自然、和谐优美的地方，然而随着产业革命的推进，古朴的苏格兰也被卷入资本主义发展的大潮，资本主义原始积累以其特有的残酷性强行掠夺了苏格兰山民的土地，改观着苏格兰的自然风貌，改变着苏格兰山民的生活方式，过去弦歌不断、古朴自然的苏格兰渐行渐远。
司各特对这一现实是十分不满的，他的27部历史小说中有9部是以苏格兰的历史和传说为题材的，这些被称之为苏格兰小说。
通过他的苏格兰小说，司各特发出了与那个相信“发展”与“历史进步”的时代不和谐的声音，为这一逝去的“风景”谱写了一曲哀惋的悼歌。
笔者认为，这一过程实际上彰显了司各特对苏格兰的生态关照。
综观国内外对司各特历史小说的研究，笔者发现关注到司各特对自然风景的特别偏爱的研究者也不再少数，然而大多把它归结为塑造人物形象的需要，而没有从整体上去把握其内在的生态意识，故笔者认为这是一个全新的一个领域，值得探究一番。
第三讲 Walter Scott and Ivanhoe
2
Rob Roy (1817), The Heart of Midlothian (1818); Novels of English history: Ivanhoe (1819), Kenilworth (1821), The Fortune of Nigel (1826), Woodstock (1826), Peveril of the Peak (1822), Novels of European history: Quentin Durward. 3. Features and Influence a. realistic representation of the past combined with romantic atmosphere: faithful to the spirit of the past and accurate in describing details; glamour over his novels through the pomp and pageantry of history, setting
8
is set free when the Templar falls dead from his horse. The Black Knight reveals himself as King Richard, Ivanhoe and Rowena are married and Rebecca and her father leave England for Canada. 3). Background Issues for Ivanhoe a. Chivalry: the code of conduct that governed the knights and noblemen of the Middle Ages – respect of women, truth, honor, and courage. b. The Crusades: wars intended to drive the Turkish
Rob Roy (1817), The Heart of Midlothian (1818); Novels of English history: Ivanhoe (1819), Kenilworth (1821), The Fortune of Nigel (1826), Woodstock (1826), Peveril of the Peak (1822), Novels of European history: Quentin Durward. 3. Features and Influence a. realistic representation of the past combined with romantic atmosphere: faithful to the spirit of the past and accurate in describing details; glamour over his novels through the pomp and pageantry of history, setting
8
is set free when the Templar falls dead from his horse. The Black Knight reveals himself as King Richard, Ivanhoe and Rowena are married and Rebecca and her father leave England for Canada. 3). Background Issues for Ivanhoe a. Chivalry: the code of conduct that governed the knights and noblemen of the Middle Ages – respect of women, truth, honor, and courage. b. The Crusades: wars intended to drive the Turkish
Walter Scott Jane Austen简介
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Writing Influence
◊ Work is influenced by the 18th century Enlightenment ◊ His work is popular throughout Europe during his time period ◊ Believed every human was practically decent regardless of class, religion, politics and ancestry ◊ Major theme in historical works is tolerance ◊ Waverley novels express belief in need for social progress ◊ First novelist to portray peasants realistically and equal to merchants, kings and soldiers ◊ Central theme of many novels were conflicts between opposing cultures
subjects:
• history of Scotland, English history, history of European countries.
Features of Scott’s Novels
• 1.Scott has an outstanding gift of vivifying the past. • 2. In his novels, historical events are closely interwoven with the fates of individuals. • 3. In his historical novels, he concerns both the lives and deeds of the higher class and that of the ordinary people. • 4. He is a romantic. • 5. He is a Tory, a conservative in politics.
Walter Scott and Jane Austen课件
•
Scott was educated at the high school at Edinburgh and also for a time at the grammar school at Kelso. In 1786 he was apprenticed to his father as writer to the signet律师协 会, a Scots equivalent of the English solicitor (attorney). His study and practice of law were somewhat desultory散漫 的, for his immense youthful energy was diverted into social activities and into miscellaneous混杂的 readings in Italian, Spanish, French, German, and Latin. After a very deeply felt early disappointment in love, he married, in December 1797, Charlotte Carpenter, of a French royalist family, with whom he lived happily until her death in 1826. In 1820 the rank of baronet was conferred upon Scott, and he had a stroke in 1830. Next year Scott sailed to Italy. In Malta he wrote one novel and a short story, and in Naples he collected old songs and ballads. After return to England in 1832, he died on September 21. Scott was buried beside his ancestors in Dryburgh Abbey柴伯尔修道院 . From the profits of his writings all his debts were ultimately paid.
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European Countries
1.Quentin Durward 《昆
丁· 达沃德》(1823) the best-known novel on French history. 2. Talisman 《惊军英雄记》 3. Count Robert of Paris 《巴黎的罗伯特伯爵》
4.St. Ronan’s WeFra bibliotekls《圣· 罗
from the Middle Ages to the 18th century subjects: history of Scotland, English history, history of European countries.
History of Scotland
• Waverley (1814) 《威弗利》 first
•宗教的训诫，民族的感情， •能否消除家族间的世仇? •爱国的热情，神圣的仁爱， •能否使两个部落化敌为友? •不!他们徒然朝觐每一座祀庙， 他们白白参拜神圣的山头; •牧师们的哀求也枉费心机， •因为他们的刀上也鲜血淌流。 只要西斯福德还被克尔人统治， 伊特里克还在斯科特家族之手， 那些遭杀戮的头人就不会被忘记 这场封建家族的战争就永无尽头
• First published in 1817, Rob Roy was not only a resounding success but also one of the first historical novels of its time . Full of swashbuckling action and intrigue, it tells the story of Frank Osbaldistone, the son of a wealthy British businessman, who travels to Scotland, where he is drawn into the lawless world of the fiercely noble outlaw Robert Roy MacGregor. Osbaldistone and Rob Roy, along with the witty Diane Vernon, embark on numerous adventures during the height of the Jacobite uprising. With sweeping de*ions of Scottish landscapes and vivid characterizations, Rob Roy is an epic tale of heroism set against the backdrop of true Scottish history.
Writing Influence
• • •
• • • •
Work is influenced by the 18th century Enlightenment His work is popular throughout Europe during his time period Believed every human was practically decent regardless of class, religion, politics and ancestry Major theme in historical works is tolerance Waverley novels express belief in need for social progress First novelist to portray peasants realistically and equal to merchants, kings and soldiers Central theme of many novels were conflicts between opposing cultures
Scott‘s poems
The Lay of the Last Minstrel
• • • • • • • • • • • • Can piety the discord heal, O r staunch the death feud's enmity? Can Christian lore can patriot zeal, Can love of blessed charity? No !vainly to each holy shrine, In mutual pilgrimage they drew Implored ,in vain ,the grace divine For chiefs, their own red falchions slew , While Cessford owns the rule of Car While Ettrick boasts the line of Scott The slaughtered chiefs, the mortal jar The havoc of the feudal war, Shall never, never be forgot!
Features of Scott’s novels
• 1.Scott has an outstanding gift of vivifying the past and combines historical fact with Romantic imagination • 2.historical events are closely interwoven with the fates of individuals. • 3.he concern both the lives and deeds of the higher class and the ordinary people
Short stories
• Chronicles of the Canongate, 1st series (1827). Collection of three short stories: The Highland Widow, The Two Drovers and The Surgeon's Daughter. • The Keepsake Stories (1828). Collection of three short stories: My Aunt Margaret's Mirror, The Tapestried Chamber and Death Of The Laird's Jock.
Scotland landscape
Scotland
,
• Translations and Imitations from German Ballads (1796) • The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border 《苏格兰边区 歌谣集》 (1802–1803) • The Lay of the Last Minstrel最末一个行吟诗人(1805) • Ballads and Lyrical Pieces (1806) • Marmion 《玛密恩》 (1808) • The Lady of the Lake 《湖上夫人》 (1810) • The Vision of Don Roderick (1811) • The Bridal of Triermain (1813) • Rokeby 《罗克比 》 (1813) • The Field of Waterloo (1815)
Rob Roy
•written from the Spring of 1817
in three volumes •first published in 1817,achieved a huge success and helped establish the historical novel as a literary form. •high adventure, cunning plot twists, daring escapes, and passionate romances, is an unforgettable portrait of one of Scotland's greatest heroes. •Some of the dialogue is in broad Scottish, and the novel includes a glossary of Scottish words.
English history
• • • • • • • • • •
1. Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》, Norman Conquest
the best of the group 2. Kenilworth, 《肯纳尔沃思堡》 during the Tudor dynasty 3. The Fortunes of Nigel, 《尼格尔的家产》 Stuart rule 4. Woodstock 《皇家猎宫》 The English Revolution 5. Peveril of the Peak 《贝弗利尔·皮克》 the Restoration
6. Scott’s Historical Novels
founder and great master of the historical novel
1) tribal mode of life prevailing the mountains or the Highlands background: 2) preservation of feudal customs in the estates of the large landowners 3) early development of capitalism in the big cities
南之泉》 (1823) the only contemporary novel