劳苦与疾病(Hard working with disease)
队列研究(研)PPT课件
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历史性队列研究
➢有足够数量完整可靠的有关暴露的记录或档案材料； ➢有可靠的的疾病诊断资料； ➢可获得有关暴露与疾病关系的混杂因素的资料
家族疾病史等。
随访资料：与获取的基线资料内容一致，但收集的
重点是结局变量。
资料收集方法：
❖ 查阅记录或档案 ❖ 调查询问 ❖ 体格检查和实验室检查 ❖ 环境调查与检测
确定观察期间和观察方法：随访观察期为20年，观察
指标是肺癌死亡，观察方法仍为信访。
阶段小结：此研究持续至1976年，共20余年，观察期中
于1954、1956、1964和1976年多次进行了阶段小结， 资料以男性为主作了多方面的分析。
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研究实例 吸烟与肺癌的关系（doll和hill）
（二）结果与分析
（二）确定结局 （四）确定样本大小
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（一）确定暴露因素
暴露因素:可疑的致病因素或保护因素。
❖ 暴露因素通常是在描述性研究或病例对照研究的基础 上确定的。
❖ 暴露因素应尽可能给以定量，并且除了暴露剂量水平 外，还应当考虑暴露的时间长度，以及暴露是否连续。
❖ 除了要确定主要的暴露因素外，也应同时收集其它 次要的暴露因素资料及一般特征资料。
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研究实例 吸烟与肺癌的关系（doll和hill）
戒烟与肺癌：戒烟可降低肺癌的危险性，随戒烟时间的
延长，肺癌的死亡率也随之下降，有剂量反应关系。
吸烟方式与肺癌：吸纸烟者死亡率最高（1.25‰），
必修1英语学案BOOK 1 Unit 1
Unit 1 Friendship1.add vt. & vi.加上，增加；补充说e.g. Add up your score and see how many points.e.g. He added that he was satisfied with the talk.e.g. The bad weather added to our difficulties.add up合计add up to sth. 加起来是……；相当于；意味着……add sth. to sth. 把……加到……上addition n. 增加，附加物，加，加法in addition (to) 另外；加之；此外additional adj. 附加的；另外的additionally adv. 另外小试牛刀That year his total income, with his reward ________, _________ 12,000 yuan.A. added to; added up toB. added; added toC. added up to; addedD. adds to; adds up to2. upset (1) vt. ( upset, upset)打乱，扰乱；使不安；使心烦(2) adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的be upset about 对……感到心烦e.g. It upset him that his father didn’t take him to Shanghai.e.g. Your friend comes to school very upset.e.g. His son upset a bottle of wine over the table.e.g. She was still up set about the quarrel she had had with Tom.3. ignore vt. 不顾；不理；忽视e.g. I said hello to her, but she ignored me.e.g. We should know what to pay attention to and what to ignore.4. calm v. 使平静；平静下来；adj. 镇定的；沉着的；平静的calm (sb.) down (使某人平静下来；镇定下来)keep/ stay calm 保持镇定e.g. Tom tried to calm the frightened children (down).e.g. Calm down and tell me what happened.e.g. It is important to keep calm in any emergency.5. concern n. [U]关心，担忧；[C]关心的人（或）事vt. 涉及，关系到，参与；使担心，使操心concerned adj. 有关的，担心的concerning prep. 关于=relating tobe concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念be concerned with 与……有关as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言e.g. My mother is always concerned about my future.e.g. As far as we are concerned , you can go whenever you want.e.g. Don’t get involved in what doesn’t concern you.小试牛刀The meeting was concerned____ reforms and everyone present was concerned ___ their own interests.A with; forB with; withC for aboutD about; with6. go through 经历；完成；仔细检查；通过；花完；用掉e.g. The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.e.g. Much to our joy, our plan has gone through.e.g. I always start the day by going through my email.e.g. He went through his bag and found his phone at last.e.g. He has went through all his money.e.g. The old man went through the two World Wars.小试牛刀You can’t have lost the keys. _______ all your pockets again.A Go downB Go againstC Go throughD Go across7. set down : write down ;put down 写下；记下；放下e.g. He always sets down what the teachers said.set up 搭建（帐篷）；建立（商店，学校，医院）set about doing 开始做某事set out to do 开始做；动身set off 动身；激起情绪；引爆set aside 放一边；留出时间，金钱；暂时不予预考虑set on (doing) sth. 决定做，选定小试牛刀：Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he ______ his own work and translated it into German.A. set off B set down C set aside D set up8. series n. [c] (单复同形) 一连串；一系列；一套deer/sheep/,means /species/heade.g. He made a series of mistakes.9. power n.权力；(能)力【辨析】power，（权力）strength，（力气）energy （活力，能量）come into/to power 掌权；上台power station 发电站I wish I had your strength. 我希望我有你的力气。
Unit1课文翻译素材-高中英语牛津译林版(2020)选修第二册
高中英语译林版选修二课文翻译（原文+中文翻译）Unit 1 Beware and take care当心保重ReadingFighting the hidden enemy抗击隐秘的敌人An enemy appeared without warning, attacking its unsuspecting victims with efficiency. This silent and invisible enemy moved swiftly through communities and secretly crossed borders.The world soon learnt that the enemy we faced was Covid-19.它像一部恐怖电影一样展现在我们面前。
一个致命的杀手毫无预警地出现了，以残酷的效率攻击亳无戒备的受害者。
这种沉默而无形的敌人迅速穿过社区，秘密跨越边界，一路上播下了害怕的种子。
Covid-19 is caused by a new strain of coronavirus. Once entering the body, the virus multiplies inside the cell quickly and infects neighbouring cells. Common symptoms can include fever, tiredness, a dry cough, a headache, loss of taste or smell. However, in some cases, the virus causes the body's own immune system to overreact, resulting in the body killing its own healthy cells. Consequently, the disease can become worse, causing damage to the body's organs and tissues.新冠病毒是由2019年末首次识别的一种新型冠状病毒株引起的，一旦进入人体，病毒在细胞中迅速繁殖并感染邻近细胞。
外研版高中英语必修五Module2
1单词1．offer vi.&vt.&n.(主动)提出(愿意做某事)；提议；提供；出价 归纳拓展(1)offer to do sth.主动提出做某事(2)offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb.提供某物给某人 offer sb. money for sth.出价买某物 offer sb. sth. for money 要价卖某物offer advice/suggestions/congratulations/the price 提出劝告/建议/表示祝贺/出价(3)make /accept an offer to do /of 提出/接受做…… accept one's offer 接受某人的建议注意：offer 后可接双宾语，但一般不接动名词作宾语。
例句：The teacher offered a computer to his daughter as a present for her wedding.这位老师送给他的女儿一台电脑当成结婚礼物。
He offered to drive us to the station. 他主动提出开车送我们去车站。
We offered him ￥ 70,000 for the house. 我们出价七万人民币买他的房子。
They have made an offer of help. 他们已经表示愿意帮忙。
【链接训练】You ________only half the price ，how would the seller sell the jacket to you? A ．spent B ．paid C ．charged D ．offered【解析】 句意为：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克衫卖给你呢？offer “出价”，符合题意。
【答案】 D 2．direct 归纳拓展(1)vt .&vi .指导；指挥；指向；命令；担任……的导演direct ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧sb.to do that sb.(should ) do指挥某人干……direct / show sb.to sp.为……指引去……的路direct sth.to sb.对某人说……；写……给某人 (2)adj .直的，不弯曲的；直接的 in a direct line 成一条直线 (3)adv .直接地，一直(4)direction n ．方向，方位，指挥 in the direction of 朝……方向under the direction of 在……指挥下 director n ．导演，主任 directly adv .直接地，立即conj .＝the moment ＝as soon as... 例句：Can you direct me to the station? 你告诉我到车站怎么走好吗？The general directed that all his men (should) attack. 将军命令部队进攻。
山东省济宁市泗水县2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编：单词拼写与运用(含答案)
山东省济宁市泗水县2021-2023年中考英语一模试题分类汇编单词拼写与运用2023年山东省济宁市泗水县中考一模英语试题四、单词拼写与运用（共8小题，计8分）根据句意完成已给出首字母或汉语提示的单词，使补全后的句子意思通顺，语法正确。
1. Knowledge is treasure, but practice is the k______ to it.2. In the early s______, in March, the leaves are green and soft.3. If you have difficulty answering a q______, leave it and move on to the next one.4. D______ the summer holiday, we mustn't go swimming alone in the river. It's dangerous.5. She has to ______(付费) for the book lost.6. Drinking tea is usually seen as a ______(健康的)lifestyle in China.7. The students are talking about the difficulties of studying ______(在国外).8. Your letter should ______(听起来) polite because you are writing to your head teacher.2022年山东省济宁市泗水县中考一模英语试题二、根据首字母填空16．British people say “a________”, while American people say “fall”.17．Lucy is hard-working, and she h________ ever hangs out on school nights.18．Almost every kid likes to play with me because I always s________ my toys with others. 19．It’s necessary for everyone to talk with others in a clear v________, which helps to be heard.三、根据汉语提示填空20．The price of the house is so ________ (高) that I can’t afford it.21．Ability and effort are conditions of_____________________(成功)22．Nothing else in the world is more ________（有价值的）than my parents’ love. 23．The world-wide disease let us know the ________（重要性）of health.2021年山东省济宁市泗水县中考一模英语试题二、根据首字母填空16．It is almost 2 meters in h________.17．K________ and forks are used for Western food.18．You’ll get w________ in the rain if you go out now.19．The e________ is the direction where the sun rises.三、根据汉语提示填空20．I didn’t get it because it________(花费) too much.21．Where’s the nearest bridge ________ (过) the river?22．How many factory workers are in ________ (危险) of losing their jobs?23．It’s a nice table! The only ________ (问题) is that it’s too big for our room.2020年山东省济宁市泗水县中考一模英语试题六、根据首字母填空36．I’ll enjoy the p_________ and the past shall be the past for me.七、根据汉语提示填空37．Kung Pao (Gong Bao) Chicken is popular a_________ foreigners.八、根据首字母填空38．I seldom watch a movie on the m__________ phone, because it makes me uncomfortable. 39．Our family will l________ for Beijing for a trip tonight. I’m really excited.九、根据汉语提示填空40．Pakistan(巴基斯坦), our iron-clad brother, sent us ________ (几乎) all the masks in their country.41．We must believe that the rainbow will __________(出现) after the rain and the storm. 42．_________ (公众的) health is expected to be a hot topic during the “two sessions”(两会). 43．We spent the _________ (整个的) summer in Italy that year and it was unforgettable.答案：2023年山东省济宁市泗水县中考一模英语试题（一）答案:1.key2. spring3.question4.During5.pay6.healthy7.abroad8.sound2022年山东省济宁市泗水县中考一模英语试题16．(a)uturnn【详解】句意：英国人把“秋天”叫做auturnn，而美国人叫做fall。
新视野大学英语2（第三版）unit8textA课文翻译
Unit 8 Sectio n A Animals or childr en?—A scient ist's choice动物还是孩子？——一位科学家的选择1 I am the enemy! I am one of thosecursed, cruel physic ian scientistsinvolv ed in animal research. Theserumors sting, for I have neverthough t of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor becaus e of my love for childr en and my suprem e desire to keep them health y.During medica l school and reside ncy, I saw many childr en die of cancer and bloods hed frominjury—circum stanc es agains t whichmedici ne has made greatprogre ss but stillhas a long way to go. More import antly, I also saw childr en health y thanks to advanc es in medica l scienc e such as infant breath ing suppor t, powerf ul new medici nes and surgic al techni quesand the entire fieldof organtransp lanta tion. My desire to tip the scales in favorof health y, happychildr en drew me to medica l resear ch.1 我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。
“磨耳朵”考研英语单词文字版
the search was abandoned when night came.abide I have to abide by the contract that I have signed.able(to) who is able to answer the question.abolish slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th century.about(to) just when I was about to give up，I finally succeed.above(all) these two systems have disadvantages and above all the units have no practical sizes.abrupt the mystery novel came to abrupt end without explaining the crime.absent I asked him a question，but he looked at me in an absent way and didn’t answer.absorb he was completely absorbed in his book.abstract I’ve made an abstract of this article.（abstract抽象；摘要）absurd their demands are absurd.（absurd 荒唐的）abundant china has abundant supplies of oil and gas.abuse don’t abuse animals.academic they have been academic exchanges between the two universities.accelerate the heat accelerated the reaction.accept the new theory has been widely accepted.access graduate students have free access to the reading room.accessory the accessories of the car include the heater and radio.（accessory附件；帮凶）accident Columbus discovered American by accident in 1492 ad.accommodate this elevator accommodates twelve people.（accommodate 容纳；提供住处）accommodation the high cost of accommodations makes the traveling in the US expensive. （accommodation住处）accompany our orders must be accompanied by（附上） cash.accomplish has he accomplished his aim?accordance he didn't act in accordance with the orders that were given to him.according to according to my watch，it's 4 o'clockaccordingly the world is changing rapidly，our plan must change accordingly.（accordingly 相应地）account he can't account for（说明原因/负责任） the mistake.on account of the harvest was poor on account of （由于）the failure of rains.take into account such a theory must take the experimental results into account.（take into account 考虑）accumulate snow accumulated to a depth of five feet.accuse some country do not accuse those persons who make private videos and records.accustom we are accustomed to get up early.ache my stomach aches.achieve only practice can achieve mastery.（mastery 精通）acknowledge he acknowledge their help in his speech.（acknowledge 承认；感谢）acquaint you must acquaint yourself with your new duties.（acquaint sb.with sth.使某人熟悉某事）acquire she acquired a PhD of sociology from Columbia University in 1989.act acid（酸的） acts on（对...起作用）metal（金属）.activate the smoke activated the fire alarms.acute the angle of the turn was so acute that I have to slow down.（acute急剧的）adapt I have not yet adapted to the climate here.add the costs add up to ten million dollars.addition in addition to English we'll learn a second foreign language.address the mayor addressed to the crowd.adequate the supply is not adequate to the demand.adhere the plaster doesn’t adhere to the wall.（plaster石膏）adjacent our house is adjacent to the department百货公司store.adjoin the joint where two parts adjoin is loose.adjust the desk can be adjusted to the height of any child.administrate the personnel（员工） director administrates attendance policy.admire I admire his learning（学问）.admit he admitted that he was wrong.adopt the committee adopted her suggestion.advance everything has been fixed（修理；安排） in advance.advantage you have a great advantage over me in calculation.take advantage of we take advantage of fine weather today to play tennis.advantageous[ˌædvænˈteɪdʒəs] speak more than one language can be advantageous if you are traveling overseas. adverse too much stress can have adverse effect on one's health.（adverse有害的；相反的）advertise the company advertise it's goods for sale extensively and heavily. （extensively广泛地）advisable the doctor doesn't think it's advisable for you to smoke. （advisable明智的）advise this letter is to advise you of our interest in your suggestion.advocate the opposition party advocates a reduction in taxes.affect the speech deeply affected the audienceaffiliate the local television station is an affiliate of a national network（网络，广播网，电视网）.affirm the president affirm（断言） his administration（管理；内阁政府）'s intention to reduce taxes.afford we can not afford the constant expansion about our warfare system.afraid I am afraid I can't help you.age worry ages a man.agency the firm has agencies all over the world.agenda what’s our agenda today?aggravate Mary aggravate（['æɡrəveit]加重；激怒） her injuries by refusing treatment.aggressive an aggressive young man can go far in this firm.agree the fruit did not agree with me，now I’ve got a pain in my stomach.aid china will give all moral and material aid in it's power to those people who are struggling for independence. aim my remarks will not aimed at you.alarm the fire alarmed the neighborhood certainly.alert you must be alert to the dangers around you.alien many movies have been made about aliens coming to the earth.（alien外国人；外星人）alike the two sisters look very much alike.alive although he is old，he’s still very alive.all this is，after all，the last important part of the problem.all but all but two were wounded.all over he looked all over for the lost cartoon.in all I spent four hours in all writing my paper yesterday.not at all I am not tired at all.allege the police alleged［ə'ledʒd] that the man was murdered.alleviate the drug alleviated the pain.alliance the working class is in alliance with peasantry.（alliance联盟）allocate the school allocated a room to five students.（allocate分配）allow we must allow for an emergency.（allow for 体谅到）allowance considerable allowance（补助） were be made for special cases.ally some small countries will ally themselves with large countries in order to survive.（ally结盟）alone leave the children alone.let alone he can't add two and two，let alone do fractions.alphabet children learn the alphabet in kindergarten.alter this shirt has to be altered，it’s too large.alternate the curtain had alternate stripes of blue and yellow.（alternate交替的；使交替）alternative we have no alternative in this matter.（alternative两者选一的；n.选择）altitude it’s difficult to breathe at high altitude.amaze（及物动词） the music amazed us all.ambiguous poor grammar can lead to ambiguous sentences.amplify by turning this knob to the right，you can amplify the sound from the radio.（ knob把手，旋钮）amuse I amuse myself by reading detective stories.（及物动词）analogy scientist often describe organic（器官的；有机的） processes['prəuses] by analogy（[ə'nælədʒi]类推）. analyze they are analyzing each employee's productivity.anchor the ship anchored off shanghai.anger his words angered her.announce the president announced his cabinet（橱；内阁） appointment.annoy I was annoyed because I missed the train.answer you should answer for（为….负责） our safety.anticipate you can anticipate a pleasant vocation here.anxious we are anxious to know the result.anything he is anything but a writer.apart (from) apart from(除了) other considerations,time is a factor.apologize I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.apparent your father's recovery was only apparent.appeal the government is appealing to everyone to save water.appear only seven of her poem had appeared in print.appendix the author forgot to include the appendix(附录) in the book.appetite he has no appetite for（不想） hard work.applaud when he finished his speech,the crowd applauded.appliance the house has several electric appliances such as a washing machine and clothes dryer. apply he is applied to（与…接触） American consul(领事) for a visa.appoint they appointed(任命) him as chairman.appointment I have appointment with my tutor（家教师） this afternoon.appreciable the improvement in your badminton game is quite appreciable（可观的）.appreciate bill appreciate（感谢；体会到） his boss's earnest（郑重的） advice.approach that play's approach（方法） to the music is quite different form anyone else's. appropriate her bright cloths will not appropriate for funeral（葬礼）.approve the school board approved the budget.approximately we will arrive at two o'clock approximately.apt old people are apt to forget things.arbitrary a judge can't make arbitrary decisions.arch the trees arched over the road.architecture Greek architecture made much use of columns.argue this buried ruins（毁坏,废墟）argue（提出理由证明） existence of an earlier civilization. arise accidents often arise from carelessness.arm the new battleship（战舰） will be armed with 16 inch guns.arouse the music aroused an intensive feeling of homesickness in him.arrange actually we don't go in much for arranged tours.array the store had a vast array of toys to choose from.arrest the police arrested the thief.arrive at last the committee arrive at a decision.art history and literature are among arts.articulate john did not articulate his argument well，so he lost the debateascend the hot air balloon slowly ascended into the sky.ascertain did the doctor ascertained the cause of your pain?ashamed he is ashamed of what he did.aside aside from money he works for fame.ask he ask after you.ask for this work asks for hard work.asleep the baby is asleep.assault the criminal was charged with assault with a deadly weapon.assumable（及物动词） the students are assembled in the hall.assert the attorney[ə'tə:ni] asserted his client was innocent.assess the damage was assessed at ten thousand dollars.assign the teacher assigned Wednesday evening for conferences with the parents.assimilate the friendly community rapidly assimilated the new immigrants（assimilate吸收）assist he assisted her with her English.associate foreigners always associate China with the great wall.assume assuming it rains tomorrow，what shall we do?assumption people often make assumptions that turn out to be false.assure I can assure you of the radio quality.（assure 是“使别人相信”，assure sb.of sth.）astonish I was astonished at the news.attach the hospital is attached to Beijing University.attack the colonel attacked the navy for being unprepared for the war.（colonel上校；attack进攻；非）attain he attained a highest office in the firm.attempt he made an attempt on Everest.attend the concert was attended（及物动词） by multitudes of music lovers.pay attention to nobaby paid any attention to the warning of the storm.attitude what’s your attitude to this problem?attract the traffic accidents attract a large crowd.attribute he attributes his failure to poor judgment.argument the addition to the house greatly argument it's value.auxiliary the auxiliary power unit turned on during the storm.avail oneself of we availed ourselves of tom's goodwill and let him repair the fence.of(to) no avail we struggled to no avail and lost the match.available the manager is not available now.average on average he earns five dollars a week.avert accidents can be averted by careful driving.avoid she avoided the strangers and communicated chiefly through notes and poems even with intimates（熟友）. await（及物动词） I am awaiting your reply.awake we must awake to the danger.award this film won an Oscar award in 1995.aware are you aware of problems that you have caused?away I’ll do it right away 立刻.awful what awful weather!he walked back and forth in his room.back down v.放弃原主张, 取消前言(off) I saw she was right so I backed down.back of he feels safer sitting in the back of the car than in the front.back up they backed up the cause目标of the revolution with their lives.badly the building around were badly damaged.bake the cake is baking in the oven.balance income and expenditures exactly balance.bald many new babies are bald.adj.光秃的, 单调的, 枯燥的ban the play was banned.band David and his friends formed a band that practiced on the weekends.bandage I bandaged my twisted ankle.bang he banged the chair against the wall.bar the road is barred.bare sue bared her soul to her friend.barely we have money barely enough to last the weekend.bargain in some shops you required to bargain otherwise you will be taken in接受, 接待, 吸收, 理解, 包括, 轻信, 注意到, 欺骗by the shop assistant.base（v.n.） I base my opinion about tom on what I had heard.basis(n.) on the basis of those theories，he worked out his picture of the state 情况，州，国家of future.batch the travel agent give us a batch of(一批) holiday leaflets and brochures.bathe he doesn't like to bathe v.沐浴, 洗, (光线)充满n.洗澡regularly.bear these columns bear the weight of the roof.beast the beast was so sick that we could not tell if it was a wolf or a dog.beat at 2:25 pM，his heart ceased to beat.beforehand please let me know your plans beforehand.beg I beg you to keep quiet.begin the professor begin the lecture with slides （slide[slaid]v.(使)滑动, (使)滑行n.滑, 滑动, 幻灯片.）behalf on behalf of my colleagues and myself ，I’d like to give a warm welcome to you all.behave the machine behaved well during the tests.believe the children are making believe（假装） that they are princes and princesses.belong Britain belongs to EEC(European economical community).beloved my beloved(n.adj.) sent me flowers.bend wire bends easily.beneficial flash air is beneficial to the health.benefit（及物动词） the technical innovation will benefit our production.best he can't get here before two at best.do one's best we should do our best to catch up the world's highest level.get the best of he got the best of his opponent.make the best use of you should make best use of your time.bat the English bat on horse races baseball and soccer games.betray his remark betrayed his ignorance.better his health changed for the better.get the better of占上风, 胜过… her curiosity got the better of her.had better we had better not disturb her.beware beware the strangers who act too friendly.bewilder the house wife's strange behavior bewildered her husband.beyond this maths problem is beyond my abilities.bias a referee must not show bias to either side.bibliography the author included a lengthy bibliography（目录，文献） at the end of book. bid he bid five dollars for an old book.bind the nurse will bind up your cut.bite a mosquito[məs'ki:təu] is biting me.blame they blamed the electric short circuit for the fire yesterday.blank fill the blanks with correct words.blast the workers blasted the mine entrance.blaze all the lights were blazing in the office.bleed your nose is bleeding.blend some nickel was blended with steel to from alloy steel.bless bless me from all evils.block all roads were blocked by the heavy snowfall.bloody it was a bloody battle that caused more than fifty thousand of deaths.bloom that bush will bloom soon.blossom the cheery（adj.） trees are in blossom.blow her failure in the examination was a blow to her.blunder I really blundered when I forgot to introduce my friends.blunt to much alcohol can blunt your senses.blush she blushed with shame.board he has never been on board a ship before.boast I don't like john; he is always boasting.boil the kettle is boiling.bold the word poison appeared in bold letters on the label.bolt please bolt([bəult]) the door before you go to bed.book the flight is fully booked.boom the economy is booming.Border(vt.) the Unite States borders Mexico and Canada.bore I was bore by his tedious talk.born when and where were you born ?borrow may I borrow five pounds from you until Saturday?boss David is always bossing his friends around.bother don’t bother about getting dinner for me today.bounce the ball gave a high bounce.bound bill accidentally got on a bus bound for Miami.boycott they have decided a boycott against the election.brace brace yourself we are going around a sharp curve（曲线）.brake the brake wouldn't act so there was an accident.brand on big farms cattle are usually branded（印记，商标）.breadth the bench has a breadth of two feet.(bread面包，breadth宽度；宽容)break he broke away form the prison.break down the transformer broke down.（transformer变压器；改革者）（break down 损坏了；破产）break into the robber broke into the bank and stole a large amount of money.break off those two countries have broken off diplomatic relations.break out fire broke out after the earthquake.（break off断交；分离）break up the steamer will be broken up for scraps. （steamer大轮船；蒸气锅）（break up 破碎）（scrap碎片）break down after the breakdown of the old regime（政治制度），things changed.breath after running to the bus stop，I sat down to catch my breath.out of breath he run himself out of breath.breed he was bred to be a gentleman.bride the witness have been brirded into silence in the court.brief give me the facts in brief，please.bring about science has brought about many changes in our lives.bring down the pilot brought the plane down gently.bring forth extensive research is constantly bringing forth and developing new devices.（bring forth出现）bring forward he brought forward his plan for the experiment after the meeting.（bring forward提出；显现）bring out that difficult job brought out the bad side of her nature.（bring out显现）bring to they tried to bring the old man to after he fainted.（bring to使苏醒）bring up he was well brought up.（bring up 养育，教育）broad he has broad knowledge of biology.broadcast this station broadcast round the clock in six languages.brown the gene for brown the eyes is dominant(显性的；占统治地位的).brush don’t forget to brush your teeth before going to bed.bud the trees are budding and spring is near.budget（及物动词） we have budget ten thousand dollars for advertising.bug the detective bugged the suspect's telephone.build reading builds up the mind.bulk jone always buys coffee in bulk to save money.bump I bumped against the door.burn out（烧坏） the engine has burned out.burn up（烧掉） the rocket burned up when it reentered the earth's atmosphere.burst the tank burst into fragmentsbury the thief buried treasure under a tree.business it was no business of mine.on business no admittance except on business.busy Anne busied herself preparing for the interview.but for but for your coming I should have been very lonely.butter Mary buttered her toast.byproduct the byproduct made when processing oranges are fed to cattle.the cabin has one room with a small fireplace.cable I cabled（拍发电报；电缆） congratulations to him.calculate astronomers can calculate when there will be eclipse s of the suncall for the situation calls for immediate action.（call for 需要）call forth April shower（雨） calls forth many flowers.（call forth唤起）call off the meeting was called off.（call off 取消）call on they called on the workers of the country to support the strike.（call on 号召）call up could you call last year's sale figures up for me?（call up 打电话；回忆起）calm at last the wild wind calmed down.camp they go camping every summer.cancel please cancel all the unnecessary words in your manuscript.candidate there were five hundred candidates of the entrance examination.capable this planes are capable of flying eight hundred miles per hour.capacity the hot water tank has fifty gallon capacity.capital the conference dealt（deal的过去式） with two capital questions.capitalism capitalism encourages the ownership of companies by the general population.（普通百姓）capsule the space capsule（航天舱；胶囊） have three astronauts.capture the criminal was captured red handed.care for I don't much care for television.take care she urged me to take care of myself.take care of she stayed at home to take care of the baby.carry the war carried off（夺去） millions of lives.carry on we’ll carry on（继续） our conversation tomorrow.carry out john will carry out（完成） his assignment on time.carve she carved a turnip（怀表） out of wood.case she will remain at her post at any case.in case take a spare tire along in case of need.in case of in case of fire ring the alarm bell.in no case in no case is the efficiency greater than one hundred percent.cast the statue['stætju:]雕像of liberty was cast（铸） in copper（铜）.casual the two old friends had a casual meeting.catch I hoped to catch on（理解） the new method in a few days.catch up with we’ll catch up with the advanced world levels.category this book falls into（属于） the category（种类） of reference books.cause bankruptcy（破产） is usually caused by poor management.caution the red sign（符号） indicates a caution（小心；警告）.cautious bill is always cautious about his investments.cease the earth revolves（旋转） round the sun without cease.celebrate we celebrated the 90th anniversary of university.cement this agreement has cemented our friendship.census the town holds a census（人口调查） every few years.centre Dr.Welch's interest and writings centred on the religious（宗教的）.centigrade the Canadian forecaster gave the temperatures in centigrade instead of in Fahrenheit ['færən,haɪt] .certainty it can be said with certainty that the negotiations will be successful.certificate Mary had to present her birth certificate to get a drive license.certify the accounts were certified as correct.chain the bank clerk chained the pen to the counter（柜台） so that no one would take it away.challenge exploring outer space is a challenge to mankind.chance I met him by chance.take a chance don’t take a chance by driving too fast.change the city has changed almost beyond recognition（认不出） since the last time we visited it.channel did you watch the program on channel two last night?chaos the city was in great chaos（混乱） after the earthquake.characteristic the capacity to think is the distinctive characteristic of our species.characterize this type of scenery characterizes the whole region.charge the airlines charge half price for students.in charge of（及物动词） an experienced engineer is in charge of the project.take charge（掌管（不及物动词）） he will take charge during my absence.charm he was charmed with（被迷住） the beauty of the scenery.charter we chartered a bus for the trip.chase the policeman chased the thief down the street.chat[tʃæt] I had long chat with the talkative reader.cheat it’s wrong to cheat on an examination.check I checked in that hotel.check out she checked the books out of the library.check up she asked the doctor to check her up.cheer he cheered up at the news.cherish he cherished the book as the most valuable one.chew [tʃu:] you must chew your food well before you swallow it.chill（寒冷，使寒冷） the meat is chilling in the refrigerator.choice this shop has a large choice of hats and shoes.choose choose death before dishonor.chop the cook（厨子） chopped vegetables for Chinese dishes.chorus the class answered the questions in chorus.chronic she is developed a chronic（慢性的） cough.circle the hawk[hɔ:k] circled about it's prey（有“被捕物”之意）.circulate（v.循环.及物） the heart circulate blood round the body.circumstance China will under on circumstances（在任何情况下都不） be the first to use unclear weapons. cite he cited some figures to illustrate his point.civil some space technology was put into civil（公民的） use（民用）.civilian after thirty years in the military（部队） tom retired and became a civilian（平民）. civilize it may take decades to fully civilize the remote people.claim it is claimed that this discovery will cause revolution in surgery.clap he clapped his friend on the shoulder and congratulated him.clarify his explanation clarified the mystery.clash in her haste she clashed（撞击） the saucepan（深平底锅） against the stove[stəuv].clasp I clasped（[klɑ:sp]扣住，扣紧） the steering wheel and started the car.classify ants are classified among the insects.clause the third clause of the contract specifies（['spesifai]详述；指定） when the payments are due. clean the maid is hired to clean the house once a week.clear away the worker has cleared away the rubbish.clear up（清理收拾） I’ve lots of work to clear up by the weekend.climax the climax（高潮） of the play came in the last act.climb the price of gold took a steep climb.cling a static（静的） charge（电） causes the clothes to cling（粘着，缠着） together.clip he clipped（夹住） the pen into his breast pocket.cloak the elegant（优雅） model was cloaked（被披斗蓬） in velvet天鹅绒close through a close study we came to know the properties of material.clothe he clothed himself in his best suit.clue I have no clue to find the lost car.cluster the place was clustered（群居；一群） with people.clutch the drowning（[draun]淹死） man clutched（抓住） the lifebelt（生命安全带）.coach[kəutʃ] Mr. Wang is coaching students for examinationcoarse swearing（宣誓；咒骂） is a coarse（粗鲁） habit.coat the pill（药丸） is coated the sugar.coherent the exciting woman was not very coherent（指思想言行有逻辑一致性） on the telephone.coil the road coiled（向前卷）upward through the twisting valley['væli].coincide our opinions didn't coincide on this case.coincidence it was pure coincidence（一致，巧合） that I remembered his phone number.collaborate the police and the army collaborated（协作） to catch the terroristscollapse the house collapsed because some of the wood had decayed.collect I am collecting materials for a textbookcollection our library has a large collection of books.collide[kə'laid] the government collided with（冲突） parliament['pɑ:ləmənt] over it's industrial plans.collision an explosion resulted from the collision（冲突） of the oil and the truck.colony Canada and south Africa use to be British colonies.comb（v.n.） comb your hair before leaving.combat（及物） the doctors are combating cancer with new drugs.combine if you combine red and white you get a color called pink.come off the experiment didn't quite come off（起作用）.come on the movies come on at eight o'clockcome out when does the book come out?come around（重来） birthdays come around quickly when one is older.come to the bill came to thirty pounds.come up young designers came up with（提出） many fresh idears.come up to your present['prezənt] work hasn't come up to（达到） your normal high standards.come up with recently an American chemist came up with the new type of textile（纺织的） fable（['feibl]寓言，故事；织物）. comfort（及物动词） the nurse comforted the patient by tidying up（tidy up 使整洁） his bed.comfortable please make yourself comfortable.command（及物） the president commanded the silence.commemorate my parents commemorated（纪念） their fifteen wedding anniversary on the 25th February.comment have you any comments on the proposals?commission the ambassador was given the commission（代理权） to negotiate（商谈） the treaty.commit he committed a motoring offence（罪行）.common this swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the neighborhood.commonplace in the future it is commonplace for people to travel to the moon.commonsense（adj.） if you are commonsense（正常） you wouldn't have to ask such silly questions.communicate nowadays we can communicate with people all over the world in many ways.communism communism（共产主义） promotes the sharing of a nation's wealth among all its citizens. commute Mary commutes to school rather than living on campus.compact the trees grew in a compact mass.company Anne keeps company with neighbors on her block（在她的街区/在她的大楼）.comparable this dinner is comparable to the best French cooking.comparative we are amazing by his comparative wealth（相对富裕）.compare life is compared to（相当于，等于） voyage['vɔiidʒ].compression by compression（缩写） your essay is better than his.compatible these curtains are not compatible with（匹配） the furniture.compel my sense of duty（责任感） compels me to do this.compensate nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health.compete expert chess players competed[kəm'pi:t] for the championship（['tʃæmpjənship]冠军称号）. competent（有能力） he is quite competent to do the work.competitive（有竞争力） Jim is very competitive[kəm'petitiv] when he plays baseball.compile（编辑） the scientists compiled a great amount of data to help develop their theories. complain I’ll complain to the police about the noise.complement travel can be excellent complement to one's education.complete the airplane garage（['ɡærɑ:ʒ]库） is now completed.complex the scientists had difficulty producing in the complex molecule.complicate（vt.） getting angry with each other will only complicate the matter.complicated(adj.) no one can understand their complicated relationship.compliment thank you for your compliments（赞语）.comply we couldn't comply with（遵从） your request.component copper（铜） and zinc are the components（[kəm'pəunənt]成分） of brass（黄铜）.compose he has composed a lovely piece of music.compound water is a compound of（复合物） hydrogen and oxygen.comprehend the child couldn't comprehend the advanced textbook.comprehension the student had a good comprehension（广泛的，综合的） of material and passed the test. comprehensive Beijing university is a comprehensive one.compress can you compress your speech into five minutes?comprise（v.） all substances are comprised of（组成） great many particles called atoms. compromise I hope we shall come to a compromise（退让） on this issue.compulsory a foreign language is a compulsory（强制的） course for students.compute he computed that the project would take four years to complete.conceal he didn't conceal（隐瞒） anything for me.conceive it was in the 1930s that scientists first conceived the idea of the atomic bomb（原子弹）. concentrate（vt.） a convex（['kɔn,veks, kən'veks]凸） lens is used to concentrate rays of light. conception the conception of this book took him twenty minutes but writing it took a year. concern as far as I am concerned this plan is acceptable.。
高二英语living-with-disease课件2
patient Para 7. Xiaohua’s attitude towards life
Para 6. Xiaohua helps AIDS patients and
tries to change people’s attitude to them.
Xiaohua is a person living with Para 1. AIDS. (General introduction to Xiaohua ) Para 2. what is AIDS
Xiaohua is a happy teenager, but one of millions of children in the world living and ________ with AIDS. dying Xiaohua was _________ infected with HIV virus through ________. birth
Total number of infected children in 02 The most serious areas Why?
3.2 million
Africa and Asia A lack of proper health care, prevention and education
1.What does Xiaohua do?
Five people worldwide die of AIDS every
minute of every day.
More than 42 million men, women and
children have been infected.
AIDS in China
More than 6 million people in China have been infected.