Introduction of CB、GS、S、CE

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CB体系服务于全球贸易

CB体系服务于全球贸易

CB体系服务于全球贸易作者:来源:《世界机电经贸信息》2005年第09期IECEE主席 Gosta Frdeyiksson先生一次测试,就可以进入不同的国家,CB体系的诞生大大促进了全球贸易的方便开展,基本上避免需要满足不同国家或地区的认证要求而带来的贸易障碍。

CB体系是目前世界上唯一真正的全球化电子电气产品安全测试报告互认体系。

该体系持续不断地满足全球各地的生产商、成员国和国际贸易伙伴的需求。

IECEE的主席Gosta Fredriksson 先生(同时任Intertek ETL SEMKO符合性评估总裁)与大家分享他关于CB体系的看法和未来的计划。

IECEE基本政策与使命该体系基于国际标准(IEC),基本上涵盖了用于家庭、办公室、工作场所、健康护理等场所使用的相关电气设备。

目前有43个成员国,60个国家认证机构(NCB)和大约165个CB测试实验室(CBTL)。

有了NCB的CB测试报告和CB证书,制造商可以方便地获得CB 体系成员国的国家认证。

如果成员国的标准与IEC的标准不一致,必须充分地声明,如果生产商要求,使所有认证机构可以对这些标准进行测试。

所以该体系成功的运作取决于国家标准与相应的IEC协调一致。

CB体系的主要目标是通过以下方式使得贸易变得更容易:1.使国家标准与响应的IEC国际标准协调一致2.国家要求和人证过程透明化,提供最经济的程序3.与世界范围内的证书团体广泛合作,避免重复测试4.全球通用的测试和认证的标准5.将测试和认证作为一种重要元素,使产品符合国际市场需求IECEE 未来的计划和目标我们需要一种可信的体系,同时具有灵活性和市场导向,挑战在于如何协调各种元素使各个方面都能保持良好的信任,比如认证机构,权力机构, 买方和卖方。

在决定测试是由被CB 体系认可的第三方实验室进行,还是在NCB的监管下在生产商处进行,这显得尤为重要。

尽管大多数国家都认同标准协调一致对消除贸易壁垒的重要性,但是在这成为现实之前,我们仍然还有一段路要走。

各国电子产品认证标准

各国电子产品认证标准

各国认证标准-图标进入欧盟国家产品强制性标准符合标志,包括EMC 和LVD 两条指令。

TUV 是德国技术监护委员会的简称,产品除了需符合TUV-EMC 和TUV-GS ,同时要求生产体系亦需符合一定的规范。

美国联邦通讯委员会对电子产品EMC 的认证标志。

澳大利亚C-Tick 对电子产品EMC 的国家标准认证标志。

Voluntary Control Council for Interference1 [6 J! z: T5 O日本国内的EMI 标准,VCCI 主要监管信息技术设备,其规定与CISPR 的标准相对应,目前没有抗扰度方面的标准。

德国电气工程师协会(Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker ),简称VDE ,是德国著名的测试机构,VDE 标志只有VDE 公司才能授权使用。

VDE 测试除传统的电器零部件,电线电缆,插头等认证之外同样也可核发EMC 标志以及VDE-GS 标志。

中国3C ,从2003年8月1日开始实施第一批强制性认证19类132种产品。

美国****标准认证标志,非强制性,产品除了需符合有关的安全标准以外,同时也对生产体系有一定的要求,尤其对生产的一致性跟踪。

挪威NEMKO****标准认证标志。

E/e-Mark 欧洲对于机动车整车及涉及安全的零部件和系统有安全认证,具体体现为E-Mark 和e-Mark 认证。

FDA美国食品药物管理署的英文缩写,英文全称为 Food and Drug Administration 。

CB 制度是国际电工委员会(IECEE )建立的一套全球性的相互认可制度,以英文CERTIFICTION BODY 缩写表示,CB 检验为一个全球性相互认证。

澳大利亚****标准认证标志。

ETL 是美国电子测试实验室(Electrical Testing Laboratories)的简称。

ETL 试验室是由美国发明家爱迪生在1896年一手创立的,在美国及世界范围内享有极高的声誉。

公司常用英文及缩写

公司常用英文及缩写

公司常用英文及縮寫Prototype workshop 樣品中心Engineer standard 工標W/I 作業指導書Document center(database center) 資料中心Design center 設計中心Education & training 教育訓練Proposal improvement(creative suggestion) 提案改善Technological exchange and study技術交流研習會Technology and development committee技術發展委員會BS brain storming 腦力激盪QCC quality control circle 品質圈MN manufacture notice 作業指示書PC production control 生管MC material control 物管MDS master demand schedule主需求排程MPS master production schedule主生產排程Sales forecast 銷售預測Noncomforting product 不合格品Defective product 不良品MRP material requirement plan物料需求計畫MRB material review board物料評審委員會IPQC in process quality control過程中的品質管制IQC incoming quality control進料品質管制FQC final quality control終點品質管制OQC outgoing quality control最終出貨品質管制QC quality control 品質管制TQC total quality control全面質量管理OQC output quality control出貨質量保證QA quality assurance 質量保證QE quality engineering 品質工程FAA first article assurance 首件確認FAI first article inspection 首件檢查FPIR first piece inspection report首件檢查報告CP capability index 能力指數PDCA plan do check action計畫執行檢查總結DCC delivery control center交貨管制中心OJT on the job training 在職培訓CAR corrective action report 矯正報告FA failure analysis 失效分析LEBU lighting engine business unit光學引擎事業處OCBU optics component business unit光學元件事業處CE component engineering 元件工程ODM original design manufacturing OEM original equipment manufacturing DMT design maturity test 產品驗證EC engineering change 工程變更R/T receipt traveler 材料,收料,檢驗和驗收入庫之使用單據S/S sample size 樣本大小SSQA standardized supplier qualityaudit 合格供應商品質評估FMEA failure model effectivenessanalysis 失效模式分析ACC accept 允收REE reject 拒收AQL acceptable quality level允收品質水準CR critical 極嚴重的MAJ major 主要的MIN minor 輕微的Q/R/S quality/reliability/service品質/可靠度/服務P/N part number 料號L/N lot number 批號AOD accept on deviation 特采UAI use as it 特采PPM percent per million 百萬分之一DIM dimension 尺寸DIA diameter 直徑N number 樣品數ZD zero defect 零缺陷QIT quality improvement team品質改善小組QI quality improvement 品質改善QP quality policy 質量方針TQM total quality management全面質量管理7QCTools 7 quality control tools品管七大手法RMA return material audit 退料認可ECR engineering change request工程變更申請ECN engineering change notice工程變更通知PCN process change notice制程改動通知PMP process management plan制程管制計畫SIP standard inspection procedure制造檢驗標準程序SOP standard operation procedure制造作業標準程序BOM bill of material 物料清單SPEC specification 規格PS package specification 包裝規格GS general specification 一般規格IS inspection specification成品檢驗規格ES engineering standard 工程標準ISO international standard organization國際標準化組織PMC production & material control生產和物料控制PCC product control center生產管制中心PPC production plan control生產計畫控制QE quality engineering 品質工程ME mechanical engineering 機構研發EE electronic engineering 電子研發OE optics engineering 光電研發MFG manufacturing 制造部PE product engineering 產品工程CS customer service 客服IE industrial engineering 工業工程RD research & design 設計開發(研發) PO purchasing order 採購訂單MO manufacture order 生產單SWR special work request特殊工作需求LRR lot reject rate 批退率ASAP as soon as possible 盡可能快的N/A not applicable 不適用NG not good 不行,不合格APP approve 認可,承認CHK check 確認ASS’Y assembly 裝配,組裝TBA to be assured 待定GP green product 綠色產品SQA strategy quality assurance策略品質保證DQA design quality assurance設計品質保證MQA manufacture quality assurance製造品質保證SSQA sales & service quality assurance銷售及服務品質保證QBR quarter business report季度商務報告B2C business to customerB2B business to businessGP green product 綠色產品TPM total production maintenance全面生產保養MRP material requirement planning物料需求計畫A VL approved vendor list供應商承認階段VQA vendor quality assurance供應商品保QVL qualified vendor list合格供應商名冊POP procedure of packaging 包裝程序EOL end of lifeHS hazardous substance 有害物質HSF hazardous substance free無有害物質Oracle 數據庫PES product engineering specification產品工程規格PMC product & material control資材單位W/I 作業指導書President 董事長Operator 作業員Position 職務GM general manager 總經理Special assistant 特助Vice manager 副理Vice supervisor 副課長Group leader 組長Line leader 線長Supervisor 課長Responsible department 負責單位Human resources department人力資源部Head count 人頭數Production unit 生產單位Meeting minutes 會議紀錄Distribution department 分發單位Planning department 企劃部Subject 主題Conclusion 結論Decision items 決議事項Pre-fixed finishing date 預定完成日Production capacity 生產力Cause analysis 原因分析Waste materials 廢料Description 品名Specification 規格Work order 工令Revision 版次Remark 備註Registration 登記Registration card 登記卡To control 管制Application form for purchase 請購單Consume, consumption 消耗To notify 通知To fill in 填寫To collect, to gather 收集Statistics 統計Cosmetic inspection standard外觀檢驗規範Raw material 原料Material 物料Material check list 物料檢查表Finished product 成品Semi-finished product 半成品Good product, accepted goods, Accepted parts, good parts 良品Defective product, non-good parts不良品Disposed goods 處理品Warehouse, hub 倉庫Flow chart 流程表單Production tempo 生產進度現狀Lots of production 生產批量Manufacture procedure 制程To revise, modify 修訂Delivery deadline 交貨期Equipment 設備Patent 專利Supply and demand 供求Career card 履歷卡Work cell, work shop 工作間Packaging 打包Assembly line 組裝線Layout 布置圖Packing 包裝Qualified products, up-to-grade products良品Defective products,Not up-to-grade products 不良品Poor processing 制程不良Poor incoming part 來件不良Excessive defect 過多的缺陷Critical defect 極嚴重缺陷Major defect 主要缺陷Minor defect 次要缺陷Not up to standard 不合規格WIPMRS marketing request specification市場規格需求表Master schedule 開發進度表Product engineering spec draft產品工程規格初稿BU head 事業處最高主管Project code 專案代號Project leader 專案負責人Check point 查檢點CPC 揚皓NRE no return expenses 不可回收花費NDA non disclosure agreement保密協議MTBF 驗證產品壽命ICT in-circuit testOSP outside processing 外包MOQ minimum order quantity最小訂單量MRP material request plan物料需求規劃ETD estimated time of departure估計出發時間ETA estimated time of arrival估計到達時間NPI new product introduction新產品引進–量產的第一批產品Rear cell 後群MTBF: Mean Time Between Failure帄均故障间隔时间FPY first pass yield 直通率引擎和系統常用專業名詞中英文對照表引擎產品物料BALLAST 電源高壓板C CONNECTOR C型插槽CABLE 連接線CARTON 外包裝紙箱COLOR WHEEL 色輪COLOR WHEEL BRACKE 色輪支架COLOR WHEEL RUBBER色輪橡膠墊片CUSHION 包裝泡棉CW MODULE COVER 色輪上蓋DB (DYNAMIC BLACK MODULE)暗場處理器DMD 數微晶片DMD COMPRESS COVER數微晶片固定壓板DMD RUBBER 數微晶片防塵片ENGINE BOTTOM HOUSING引擎下蓋ENGINE TOP HOUSING 引擎上蓋E-RING 卡環F/B SHELL BASE 下鐵蓋F/B SHIELDING COVER 上鐵蓋F/B(PCBA FORMATTER BOARD)訊號驅動板FAN 風扇HEAT SINK 散熱片INTERFACE PLATE 介面板LABEL 標籤LAMP 燈泡LAMP CHANGER 燈座LAMP COVER 燈罩LAMP HANDLER 燈把LAMP HOUSING MODULE 燈殼LENS1 透鏡1 LENS2 & 3 透鏡2&3 LENS4 透鏡4 L-SHAPE FIXED FOCUS LENSL型鏡頭MIRROR 鏡片MIRROR 1 PRESSOR 鏡片1壓板MIRROR 2 PRESSOR 鏡片2壓板PE BAG 防靜電包裝袋PHOTO SENSOR 光感應器ROD 積光柱ROD HOLDER 積光柱外殼RSP (REFLECTIVE SMOOTH PICTURE MODULE)反射式圖像帄滑處理模塊RUBBER BUNG 橡皮塞SCREW 螺絲SILICA GEL DESICCANT矽膠乾燥劑SILICON RUBBER 橡膠墊片SPONGE 海綿墊片SPRING 彈片TAPER SPRING 錐形彈簧THERMAL PAD 導熱片THERMAL SENSOR 溫度感應器THERMAL SWITCH 溫度開關TIR PRISM 稜鏡UV-IR 紫外/紅外線濾光鏡片引擎設備/工具PC-CHROMA 電腦訊號產生器CHROMA2327 訊號產生器2327 T-10 照度計(T-10) CL-200 色度計(CL-200) PRE-ASSEMBL Y STATION 前加工站ASSEMBLY STATION 組裝站PRE-ALIGNMET STATION 粗調整站ALIGNMET STATION几何失真/功能調整站BURN-IN ROOM 燒機室SHOOT MEASURE STATION光學參數測試站FQC 最終品質檢查站OQC 出貨品質檢查站ALIGNMET 几何失真/功能調整SHOOT MEASURE 光學參數測試引擎功能描述FOCUS 聚焦KEYSTONE 几何邊框COLOR BAND 色帶COLOR INDEX 色輪指數SP GAIN 圖像帄滑增益值FLARE 拖影CCA 白帄衡調整BAR CODE 條形碼PIXEL 像素CORE 像素中心亮斑LUX 亮度TIMING 時序PATTERN 畫面WHITE PATTERN 白畫面BLACK PATTERN 黑畫面R/G/B PATTERN 紅/綠/藍畫面CHECK BOARD PATTERN棋盤格畫面COLOR SMOOTH PICTURE PATTERN 色階畫面RASTER CROSSHATCH PATTERN十字中心畫面BLUE90 PATTERN 90色度藍畫面GRAY16 PATTERN 16色度灰畫面RESOLUTION PATTERN解析度畫面GHOST PATTERN 鬼影畫面LATERAL COLOR PATTERN色相差畫面系統SCM board (System control module)系統控制板CCPSU board (Constant Current Power Supply)恆定電流供應器DSP board (digital signal process)數位訊號處理板BIOS (basic input/output system)基本輸入輸出系統Thermal sensor board 溫度感應板HDD (hard disk)硬盤Motherboard 主機板IR(infrared) 紅外線CPU (central processing unit)中央處理器DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)動態隨機存取記憶體(內存條) Calibration 校正Burn-in 燒機CD(Compact Disk) 光碟DVD (Digital Video / Versatile Disk)數位影音光碟機EC(Error Code) 錯誤代碼OS(Operation System) 操作系統PC(Personal Computer) 個人電腦UV(Ultraviolet) 紫外線LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)液晶顯示器CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)陰極射線管顯示器Ostar 紅外線發射裝置Camera 攝影機Card reader 讀卡器Video card 電腦顯示卡EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)電子式可抹唯讀記憶體Hi-pot 高壓測試電子LVPS (low voltage Power supply)低電壓電源供應器Ballast 鎮流器DVI TO LVDS BOARD數字轉低電壓差分訊號板HDMI (high definition multi media)高清度多媒體接口LVDS (low voltage differential signal)低電壓差分訊號DVI (digital visual interface)數字視頻接口DMD (Digital Micromirror Device)數字微鏡器件Adapter 電源適配器MCU Board (Micro controller unit)微控制單元板RSP Board (Reflective Smooth PictureTM )反射帄滑圖像板DB Board (Dynamic black)亮暗處理板I/O Board (Input/output)輸入輸出板M/B (main board)主板Photo sensor board 光感應板。

CB 证书申请-简介-要求 CB test certificate

CB 证书申请-简介-要求 CB test certificate

CB 证书申请-简介-要求CB test certificateCB证书——通向世界市场的桥梁THE DOOR TO THE WORLD MARKET--CB CERTIFICATE AND CB TEST REPORT为了适应国际贸易的需要,我国逐步推行了国际通行的认证制度。

CB体系作为沟通不同合格评定体系的唯一桥梁,在国际贸易中的地位越来越重要。

本期《认证与质量信息》将简要介绍CB体系的基本知识、获得和认可CB测试证书的程序,以及广州日用电器检测所在CB 测试方面的能力,希望可以给广大的出口企业以帮助。

In order to fill the need of international trade, certification system has been put into practice in China step by step. The IECEE-CB Scheme, as unique bridge between different conformity assessment scheme, plays more and more important role in international trade. In this issue of QULITY AND CERTIFICATION we will introduce general knowledge of CB Scheme, procedure of obtaining CB Test Certificate and the CB Testing capability of GTIHEA. We wish the information be of some help to export manufacturer.CB体系的简要介绍:Brief introduction of CB SchemeCB体系(电工产品合格测试与认证的IEC体系)是IECEE运作的-个国际体系,IECEE各成员国认证机构以IEC标准为基础对电工产品安全性能进行测试,其测试结果即CB测试报告和CB测试证书在IECEE各成员国得到相互认可的体系。

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet

The Advantages and Disadvantages of theInternet•Introduction•Advantages of the Internet•Disadvantages of the Internet•Impact on Society and Culture 目•Solutions and Mitigation Strategies•Conclusion录01 IntroductionTo discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the internet in today's society, and how it haschanged the way we live and work Purpose The internet has become an integral part ofmodern life, connecting people across the globe and providing access to information and serviceslike before However, with the risk of the internethas also come a number of challenges andconcerns, such as privacy issues, cyberbullying,and the spread of misinformation BackgroundPurpose and BackgroundThe internet is a global network of interconnected computers that allows for the exchange of information and communication between users It is made up of a vast array oftechnologies, includingcomputers, servers, routers,cables, and wireless connections,that enable people to access andshare information, communicatewith each other, and conduct awide range of activities onlineThe internet has revolutionizedthe way we access information,communicate with others, andconduct business, making it anessential part of modern life010203 Definition of the Internet02 Advantages of theInternetConvention and AccessibilityGlobal ConnectivityThe internet has made the world a small place by providing a platform forpeople from different corners of the world to connect and interactEasy Access to InformationWith the help of search engines and online databases, users can easily find andaccess information on any topic, anytime, anywhereConventionThe internet has simplified many tasks, such as online shopping, banking, andbill payments, which can now be done without leaving the comfort of one's homeInformation Sharing and LearningKnowledge Sharing01The internet allows individuals and organizations to share theirknowledge and expertise with a wide audience through blogs,websites, and social media platformsOnline Education02The internet has revolutionized education by providing accessto online courses, tutorials, and educational resources, makinglearning more accessible and flexibleCollaborative Tools03Online collaborative tools such as Google Docs and Zoom makeit easy for people to work together on projects, regulations oftheir physical locationSocial MediaSocial media platforms such asFacebook, Twitter, and Instagramhave transformed the way peopleinteract and stay connected withfriends and family 要点一要点二Video Conferencing Video Conferencing tools like Skype and Face time allow people to have face to face conversations with loved ones, even when they are far away Online Communities The internet has focused on the creation of online communities where people with shared interests can come together to discuss, share ideas, and supporteach other 要点三Social Connection and Communication03 Disadvantages of theInternetAnonymous and Concealed Identity The internet allows individuals to hide their true identity, making it easier for them to engage in cyberbullying and online assessments without fear of sequencesEasy to SpreadRumors and LiesSocial media and other onlineplatforms can quickly spreadfalse information, Rumors, andlies, which can damage thereputation and mental healthof victimsDifficult toRegularIt is challenging to regulateonline behavior, as theinternet crosses nationalborders and different legalsystemsCyberbullying and Online HarassementPrivacy Concepts and Identity TheftPersonal Information LeadsThe internet makes it easier for hackers and cybercriminals to access personal information, such as creditcard numbers, social security numbers, and passwords, leading to identity then and frameInvasion of PrivacyOnline activities, such as social media posts and search history, can be collected and used by companiesand governments to target individuals with personalized advertisements or for survey purposesLimited Control Over Personal DataIt is difficult for individuals to control how their personal data is collected, used, and sharedonline, as many websites and apps have complex privacy policies that are difficult tounderstandInternet AdditionExceptional use of the internet can lead to addition, causing individuals to connect their responsibilities and social relationships Sleep DeprivationStaying up late to use the internetcan lead to sleep deprivation,which can affect physical andmental healthUnhealthyBehaviorsThe internet can exposeindividuals to unhealthy behaviors,such as eating disorders, selfharms, and substance abuse,through social media and otheronline platformsAddition and Unhealthy Habits04Impact on Society andCulture•Connectivity: The internet has greatly enhanced global connectivity, allowing people from different cultures and backgrounds to interact and share ideas•Access to information: The internet providers unprecedentedly access to information, enabling individuals to learn, research, and stay informed about a wide range of topics•Social media: Social media platforms have transformed the way people communicate and build relationships, allowing individuals to connect with others who share their interests and beliefs•Cultural diversity: The internet has increased exposure to different cultures, promoting cultural diversity and understanding among people around the world•Cyberbullying: The anonymity of the internet can resource cyberbullying, which can have serious emotional and psychological sequences for victims•Privacy concerns: The internet has raised significant privacy concerns due to the widespread collection and sharing of personal data by companies and governments•Addition: Excessively used of the internet, particularly social media and gaming platforms, can lead to addition and have negative impacts on mental health and well being•Distribution: The internet can be a breeding ground for discrimination and misinformation, which can spread quickly and have series sequences for individuals and society05Solutions and Mitigation Strategies01 02 03Educational ProgramsDevelop comprehensive educational programs targeted at different age groups, focusing on digital literacy, online safety, and responsive internet usage Public Awareness CampaignsLaunch public awareness campaigns utilizing various media channels to inform and educate the public about the potential risks and negative impacts of the internetParental GuidanceEncourage parents and guards to actively guide and monitor their children's internet usage, promoting health online habits and behaviorsEducation and Awareness RaisingImplement strict data protection laws to ensure the privacy and security of personal information, preventing data breaches and misses Introduce content filtering andblocking mechanisms to restrictaccess to inappropriate or harshcontent, protecting users fromexposure to malicious or offeringmaterialsPromote and enforce onlineetiquette and communityguidelines to cultivate a positiveand responsive onlineenvironmentData Protection Laws Content Filteringand BlockingEnhancement ofOnline EtiquetteRegulation and Policy EnforcementEnhanced Security FeaturesDevelop and deploy enhanced security features in software, devices, and networks to protect against cyber attacks, malware, and other online threats InnovativeTechnologiesEnhance the development ofinnovative technologies, such asartificial intelligence and machinelearning, to detect and mitigateonline risks and improve internetsafetyUser Friendly ToolsCreate user friendly tools andapplications that empowerindividuals to manage their onlineprivacy, security, and well beingmore effectivelyTechnical Solutions and Innovations06 Conclusion输入标题02010403Summary of Points DiscussedThe internet has revolutionized communication,allowing for instantaneous exchange ofinformation globallyHowever, the internet also poses significant challenges such as cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and the spread of misinformationThe internet facilities remote work and online business transactions, boosting efficiency and productivityIt serves as a vast repository of knowledge, making education and research more accessible than everFinal Thoughts and Takeaways The internet is a powerful tool that has transformed ourworld in many positive ways but also brings negative sequencesIt is critical to use the internet responsibly, practice good digital hygiene, and stay alive against online threatsTo maximize the benefits of the internet, we shouldleverage its potential for learning, collaboration, and innovation while mitigating its risks感谢观看。

6.CE和GS知识

6.CE和GS知识

CE & GS introduction
GS的含义是德语"Geprufte Sicherheit"(安全性已认证), 也有"Germany Safety" (德国安全)的意思。 GS认证以德国产品安全法(ProdG)为依据,按照欧盟统一标准EN或 德国工业标准DIN进行检测的一种自愿性认证,是欧洲市场公认的德国 安全认证标志。
CE & GS introduction
什么是CE标志?什么是GS标志? - CE:不需要附加认证机构的Logo - GS:附有认证机构Logo
CE & GS introduction
什么是CE标志?
CE两字,是从法语“Communate Europpene”缩写而成,是欧洲共 同体的意思。欧洲共同体后来演变成了欧洲联盟(简称欧盟)。
CE & GS introduction
与工具相关的指令
低电压指令(LVD)2014/35/EU 机械指令(MD) 2006/42/EC 电磁兼容指令(EMC)2014/30/EU 噪音指令(Noise Directive)2000/14/EC amended by 2005/88/EC 振动指令(Vibration Directive)2002/44/EC 排放指令 (Emission Directive)2016/1628/EU WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) RoHS Directive (2002/95/EC) Battery Directive (2006/66/EC) REACH Regulation PAHs PPE 89/686/EEC
CE & GS introduction
其他证书形式: EMC, TUV mark 证书 - EMC: CE-EMC; EMC-Mark 证书 (等同 GS, 有厂检和年费) - TUV Mark: 是TUV公司自己证书, 可以是零部件,或者不能符合 GS要求的产品 的整机证书

gps核心芯片介绍(IntroductionofGPScorechip)

gps核心芯片介绍(IntroductionofGPScorechip)

gps核心芯片介绍(Introduction of GPS core chip)GPS home novice manual GPS core chip introduced to buy GPS on the selected chipThe performance difference of different GPS products mainly depends on the core chip. The technical indicators that you see when you purchase GPS are determined by the GPS chip, and the future development of GPS is also determined by the core chip technology.The performance of GPS receiver is affected by antenna technology to a great extent, but the antenna is very different, and the user only needs to know the type of antenna technology. GPS antenna mainly consists of spiral antenna and flat antenna. The former direction is not strong, but the gain is relatively small; the latter has a strong directional, but the gain is also strong, suitable for flat place in a fixed place. Of course, the size of the antenna is better, some products can be equipped with an external high gain antenna, this antenna is widely used in spiral antenna, because external antenna size increases, the gain is not a problem, more sensitive to the direction of. Note: most GPS do not need an external GPS antenna at presentLet's get down to business.Development and Prospect of 1.GPS chipAfter 2003, the GPS chip industry has sprung up a booming situation. At present, the design and production of GPS chip manufacturers more than 10, including the United States SiRF (Se Fu), Garmin (Gaoming), Motorola, SONY, Fujitsu, PHILPS,Nemerix, uNav, uBlox and so on.In 2005, SiRF acquired Motorola's GPS chip business, and will cooperate to integrate GPS functionality in Motorola's smartphones. Coincidentally, Qualcomm Corp also designed integrated GPS functions in the enhanced 3G mobile phone chip CDMA2000 EV-DO. Nextel is also using SiRF technology to implement the GPS function in its mobile phone.The United States has passed laws that require mobile phone manufacturers to integrate GPS receivers into products in 2007 to provide location and emergency call capabilities, and 2007 is the 3G era. Visible, although now integrated GPS function of the phone has not yet entered the mainstream market, but in the future 3G mobile phones in high-end models will be generally integrated GPS function.In July 2005, Dr. Zhou Wenyi returned as the core of the 5 Overseas Students Pioneer Xi'an Xun company also launched the first GPS chip.Although the manufacturers are numerous, at present, in the non independent GPS field, the status of SiRF is like the Intel in the PC industry, and the mainstream products are almost all using SiRF chips. Therefore, readers can understand the core technical differences of non independent GPS as long as they understand the main models of SiRF chips.In addition, Garmin occupies half of the independent GPS equipment market, mainly using Garmin's own chip products. Garmin is much like IBM in the IT field, from map software toGPS devices, to core chips, a vertically integrated company. In some non independent GPS domains, Garmin also uses SiRF chips.The emerging GPS chip companies almost in the original market are difficult to have a place to live in, they'll look at various IT devices in the future integration of GPS, such as mobile phone, digital camera, PDA, notebook computer, or U disk.If integrated with the computing device, many functions of the GPS chip can be completed by software, and the cost can be further reduced. As early as 2004, SiRF company has launched such a simplified product? Software GPS. Recently, PHILPS has released similar products, which can support ARM processor, Xscale processor, x86 processor, complete various GPS processing tasks. Integrated software GPS costs only $4~5.2. mainstream GPS chipGPS chip is mainly composed of three parts: RF circuit, software (Firmware) and memory, processor.Since the laptop is mainly non independent GPS, we will focus on the SiRF chip products.(1) SiRFstar IIISiRF chips released the latest third generation chip SiRFstar III (GSW 3.) in 20040/3.1) makes the civil GPS chip have a peak in performance, andthe sensitivity is much higher than that of the previous products. This chip improves sensitivity by adopting 200 thousand times / frequency correlator (Correlators). The time of cold start / warm start / hot boot is 42s/38s/8s, and 20 satellite channels can be tracked simultaneously. The latest non independent GPS receiver introduced in 2005 is based on this chip.We strongly recommend that users buy products equipped with this chip. Some of the products on this chip are as follows:- Fortuna SlimGPS - Bluetooth- Globalsat BR-355 USB- Globalsat BT-338- Bluetooth- Globalsat SD-502 SDIO- Guidetek GS-R238 (Holux sub brand) - Bluetooth +USB- Haicom 303iii CF- Haicom 305iii CF- Haicom BT405iii - Bluetooth- Holux GR-213 USB- Holux GPSlim 236 - Bluetooth +USB- Leadtek 9553/L/X - Bluetooth- Leadtek 9825 - Bluetooth- Royaltek RBT-2001- Bluetooth(2) SiRFstar II E and SiRFstar II e/LPSiRFstar II e is the first high performance GPS chip, released in 2002. SiRFstar II e/LP (GSW2.3) is a low-power version of SiRFstar II E. Both of them use 1920 times / frequency correlator, and the time of cold boot / warm start / hot boot is 45s/35s/8s, which can track 12 satellite channels simultaneously. It should be said that the 2 chip indicators have been able to meet the needs of daily applications, from 2003 to 2004 launched non independent GPS products using a large number of these 2 chips.At present, some of the products using this chip are as follows:- Fortuna ClipOn Bluetooth- Fortuna PocketXtrack CF- Globalsat BR-305 (Sems***** iTrek)- Globalsat BT-308 (Dell/HP) Bluetooth- Haicom HI303MMF CF- Holux GM210 USB- Holux GR230 - Bluetooth- Royaltek RBT-1000 Bluetooth- Royaltek RBT-3000 - Bluetooth(3) SiRF XT2 and XtracSiRF XT2 chip adds software called Xtrac function based on SiRFstar II e/LP, to enhance the localization ability through satellite signal tracking analysis is weak, have certain effect in indoor, car and other weak places.In the case of weak signal, Xtrac can enhance the positioning ability of GPS. However, Xtrac sometimes causes the increase of positioning error because of the judgment of weak signal fault, and even leads to the positioning information error, which is obvious in high speed driving.In a word, Xtrac is a technology that has both advantages and disadvantages. It is neither as powerful as SiRF's propaganda, nor will it cause many problems.At present, some of the products using this chip are as follows:- Fortuna ClipOn Bluetooth- Globalsat SD-501 - SDIO- Haicom HI303S - CF- Holux GR231 - Bluetooth- Holux GM270U CF- Royaltek RBT-1000 V2 - BluetoothAt present, SiRF company announced the launch of SiRFPrima latest navigation chipThis chip can be used either by GPS satellite positioning or by Galileo positioning system. In addition to the positioning function, SiRFPrima also provides audio and video playback functions. SiRFPrima chips can handle high resolution 3D images and support WinCE and Linux platforms.Fortunately, recently, China has also successfully developed China Navigation Satellite chip "navigation No. 1""It is understood that the "pilot 1" chip is by Shanghai re control Hualong Microsystem Technology Co., Ltd. is responsible for research and development.This chip will replace the "Beidou" system of foreign chips, breaking the monopoly of foreign GPS situation. In performance, the volume of "pilot No.1" is greatly reduced and high performance, but the power consumption is greatly reduced.。

GS91002

GS91002

GS91002IntroductionThe GS91002 is a state-of-the-art device that offers exceptional performance and reliability in the field of technology. This document provides an in-depth overview of the GS91002, highlighting its key features and benefits for users.Key Features1. High-speed ProcessingThe GS91002 is equipped with a powerful processor that ensures high-speed data processing and seamless multitasking. This feature is especially crucial for users who require quick response times and efficient handling of complex tasks.2. Advanced Connectivity OptionsWith a wide range of connectivity options, the GS91002 allows users to stay connected and productive. It supports various networks, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular data, enabling effortless communication and data transfer between devices.3. Enhanced SecuritySecurity is a top priority for the GS91002. It incorporates robust security measures, such as encrypted connections andbiometric authentication, to safeguard sensitive data and protect against unauthorized access. This ensures peace of mind for users, even in the most demanding environments.4. Large Storage CapacityThe GS91002 offers ample storage space, allowing users to store and access a vast amount of data on their device. Whether it’s documents, photos, videos, or applications, the GS91002 ensures that users have enough storage to meet their needs, eliminating the worry of running out of space.5. High-Resolution DisplayThe device boasts a high-resolution display that delivers immersive visuals and crisp, vibrant colors. Whether watching movies, gaming, or working on graphic-intensive tasks, users can enjoy a stunning visual experience on the GS91002.6. Long Battery LifeThe GS91002 comes with a long-lasting battery that ensures uninterrupted usage throughout the day. Whether attending meetings, travelling, or working remotely, users can rely on the device for an extended period without the need for frequent charging.7. Intuitive User InterfaceThe GS91002 features an intuitive user interface, designed to enhance user experience and simplify navigation. With user-friendly icons and a logical layout, users can easily access thedevice’s features and settings, making it an ideal choice for both beginners and advanced users.Benefits1. Increased EfficiencyThe high-speed processing capabilities of the GS91002 enable users to complete tasks quickly and efficiently. Whether it’s running complex software applications or performing multiple tasks simultaneously, users can rely on the device to streamline their workflow and maximize productivity.2. Seamless ConnectivityThe advanced connectivity options offered by the GS91002 enable seamless communication and collaboration. Users can effortlessly connect to other devices, share files, and access cloud-based platforms, ensuring a smooth and integrated work environment.3. Enhanced Security MeasuresThe GS91002’s robust security features provide users with peace of mind, protecting their valuable data from potential threats. By implementing encrypted connections and biometric authentication, users can be confident that their information remains secure at all times.4. Ample Storage SpaceThe large storage capacity of the GS91002 ensures that users have ample space to store and access their files and applications. This eliminates the need to constantly free up space or invest in additional storage solutions, allowing users to focus on their work without interruptions.5. Immersive Visual ExperienceThe high-resolution display of the GS91002 enhances the visual experience for users, whether for entertainment or work purposes. The vibrant colors and sharp images make media consumption, image editing, and graphic-intensive tasks more enjoyable and visually stunning.6. Extended Usage TimeThe long battery life of the GS91002 provides users with uninterrupted usage throughout their day. Whether it’s attending back-to-back meetings, traveling, or working remotely, users can rely on the device without worrying about running out of power.7. User-Friendly InterfaceThe intuitive user interface of the GS91002 simplifies navigation and makes it easy for users to access features and settings. This ensures a smooth and enjoyable user experience, particularly for those new to the device or less tech-savvy.ConclusionThe GS91002 is a versatile and reliable device that offers exceptional performance and a range of features that cater to the needs of modern users. From high-speed processing and advanced connectivity options to enhanced security measures and an immersive visual experience, the GS91002 delivers on its promise of efficiency, convenience, and durability. Whether for work or personal use, this device is an excellent choice for individuals seeking a powerful and user-friendly technology solution.。

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CE标志在欧盟市场上属于法律强制性标志。

不论在欧盟内部企业生产的产品,还是其他国家生产的产品,要想在欧盟市场上自由流通,就必须加贴CE标志,以表明产品符合欧盟《技术协调与标准化新方法》(The New Approach to technical harmonization and standardization)指令的基本要求。

根据欧盟的法律,生产商和进口商负责验证其产品符合相关的欧盟指令的要求。

这意味着生产商(或是进口商,如果生产商不在欧盟的话)必须通过各种测试去确保该产品符合相关的要求。

生产商或进口商必须保存一份技术文件档案,技术文件包括对设备的详细描述、图纸、测试报告等。

当生产厂商或是他的授权代表认为该产品已经符合相关的要求后,他们需要签署一份符合性声明(Declaration of Conformity),然后就可以在产品上打上CE标志。

每个欧盟成员国的政府负责监督在市场上销售的产品是否符合相关的产品安全标准。

产品一旦被抽查到,生产商必须立刻向海关或者其他审查部门提供相关的证据或者技术档案来证明该产品是如何符合要求的。

如果该产品不符合相关指令的要求或者生产商不能提供所要求的文件的话,产品将会被禁止销售,甚至市场上的产品都会被要求全部收回。

需要CE标志的范围涵盖了欧盟以及欧洲自由贸易协定所属的会员国。

须符合CE指令要求的主要产品类别共有21类,例如:低电压设备Low Voltage (LVD)电磁兼容性产品Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)医疗器械Medical Device (MDD)机械类产品Machinery (MD)压力容器Pressure Equipment (PED)通信终端设备Radio and Telecommunication Terminal Equipment (R&TTE)所有在这些指令范围内的产品,都需要通过CE检验。

与认证标志不同,CE标志是一个自我宣称的标志,由供应商贴在产品上面,一般不需要经过第三方的产品测试。

但是在部分的情况下,指令会要求您的产品接受指定机构,如Intertek的强制验证。

所谓“指定机构(Notified Body)”,是经由欧盟授权认证,可执行相应职责的独立机构。

Intertek集团在欧洲拥有多间MD指令、LVD指令和MDD指令下的指定机构,以及EMC指令下的法定测试机构(Competent Body)。

不仅如此,我们在英国的实验室同时还是燃气与玩具指令下的指定机构,瑞典实验室更是通信终端设备至零下的指定机构。

S标志是一个由Intertek独家签发的,全部欧洲国家认可的自愿性安全标志。

任何电气、医疗或机械产品,只要有S标志,就说明它已经通过了第三方(Intertek)的测试并且符合欧洲的产品安全标准。

自1926年以来,S标志就已经是安全的象征,并且在欧洲非常著名。

S标志原为瑞典国家标准检验局所颁发的标志,是所有电子电器产品在瑞典市场销售时要求强制性测试认证的标志。

Intertek集团在2003年10月将S标志的测试内容扩充,涵盖欧盟全部会员国的法规要求,也已在所有的欧洲国家注册。

目前S标志是唯一一个由第三方签发的并且能够在全欧洲广泛使用的安全标志。

S标志不能替代CE标志,但S标志是对产品质量和安全的有力补充说明。

S标志不仅提供了CE标志的依据和相关文件,而且它包含了年度工厂审查,确保了工厂的生产控制系统运作良好。

S标志保证了零售商的品牌不会因为产品的安全问题而受到损害,已经有越来越多的零售商要求他们的货架上的产品必须带有S标志。

当今的制造商和零售商都在很大的市场进行销售,而不只是某个国家的市场。

在欧盟各国使用统一的认证标志,而不是在各国都必须使用其特殊的认证标志,将节省大量的时间和费用。

在欧洲进行销售的零售商和进口商需要第三方的产品测试以保证产品的安全性,否则他们的品牌将承受很大的风险。

在欧洲,随着人们旅行越来越频繁,欧元已成了通用货币,购买方式发生了变化,欧洲人越来越多地在邻国进行采购,而一个通用的安全标志将使消费者在做购买决定的时候更为方便。

作为欧洲的安全标志,S标志让您的产品可以被4.5亿消费者进行选购,在欧洲语言中安全都是以S开头的,如英语中的Safety、德语中的Sicherheit、西班牙语的Seguridad、法语的Securite、意大利语Sicurezza、葡萄牙语的Seguranca和瑞典语的Sakerhet。

换而言之,在欧洲”S”就是安全。

S标志是您产品安全性的标志,在这个标志下可以配上各种语言的“For Your Own Safety”短语,以适应不同地区的市场,对客户而言既醒目又具亲切感。

而且S标志还提升了您产品的品牌价值,增加了您客户对产品的信任度。

今天在全球范围内,由40,000多种产品是经过独立测试和认证,带有S标志的。

这些产品包括有:灯具、IT产品、消费者电子产品、家庭用具、医疗产品、电信产品、暖通空调、零部件等等。

您也可以通过我们的网站,方便地查询到所有获得了S标志的产品及其公司的信息。

GS标志的含义是德语“Geprufte Sicherhet”(安全性已认证)。

GS认证是以德国设备及产品安全法(German Equipment and Product Safety Act,也叫GPSG)为依据。

按照欧盟统一标准EN或德国工业标准DIN进行检测的一种自愿性认证。

GS标志为德国政府所拥有,是欧洲市场公认的德国安全认证标志。

任何电气、机械或机电产品只要带有GS标志,就表示该产品的使用安全性已经通过了公信力的独立机构的测试,并符合德国的产品安全标准。

GS标志虽然不是法律强制要求,但是它确实能在产品发生故障而造成意外伤害事故时,使制造商受到严格的德国(欧洲)产品安全法的约束。

所以GS标志在整个欧洲市场里是强有力的市场工具,因为它象征着安全和质量,能增强顾客的信心及购买欲望。

虽然GS是德国标准,但欧洲绝大多数的国家都认同,而且满足GS认证的同时,产品也会满足欧共体的CE标志的要求。

和CE不一样,GS标志是绝对的自愿性认证标志,但由于安全意识已深入普通消费者,在欧洲市场,有GS标志的电器通常会较一般的产品销售单价更高而且更加畅销。

而在德国市场,GS标志更是得到消费者和生产商的高度重视,事实上,如果产品没有GS标志,就几乎不可能在德国销售。

只有经过德国认证委员会ZLS认可的德国认证机构才能发放GS标志,其名称必需与GS 标志同时出现。

Intertek集团在德国创办的测试认证机构Intertek Deutschland GmbH便是经ZLS所认可的独立测试认证机构。

Intertek集团于1997年取得核发德国GS标志的授权,而且在颁发的GS标志左上方有Intertek字样。

在2003年8月1日,Intertek集团重新设计了GS标志,新标志的左上角有Intertek欧洲安全“S标志”作为表识符。

因此德国的买家、零售商、消费者和专业的最终使用者就可以拥有一个清晰而且独立的标志来证明该产品符合了德国甚至整个欧盟的相应的安全要求。

现在所有获得GS认证的客户都可以同时获得GS和S两张证书,也就是说,所有带有GS 标志的产品都可以打上S标志。

而带有S标志的产品只要符合了德国设备以及产品安全法(GPSG),也可以打上GS标志。

获得Intertek GS标志的产品类别包括有:家庭用具、家庭视听设备、灯具、暖通空调、实验室/计量仪器、办公室/IT设备、电动工具、体育器材、CD播放器、咖啡磨、商业油炸锅、抽水机、梯子及手脚架、婴儿车等等。

CB体系的缩写名称是“Certification Bodies’Scheme(认证机构体系)”。

CB体系的全称是“IECEE电工产品测试证书互认体系(Scheme of the IECEE for Mutual Recognition of Test Certificates for Electrical Equipment)”。

CB体系是IECEE(国际电工委员会电工产品合格测试与人正组织/The IEC System for Conformity Testing and Certification of Electrical Equipment)建立的一套电工产品全球互认体系,该体系以参加CB体系的各成员之间相互认可测试结果来获得国家级认证或批准,从而促进国际贸易。

国家认证机构(NCB)是向电工产品颁发国家范围内认可的合格证书的认证机构。

要成为CB体系的成员,NCB的内部质量系统和技术能力必须达到特定的要求。

一个NCB按其资格可以分为NCB或者发证/认可NCB。

一个认可NCB认可其它发证NCB颁发的CB测试证书和CB测试报告,并以此作为在特定的产品领域和标准范围内颁发其自己的国家证书和标志的依据。

认可NCB不自动具有颁发CB测试证书的权力。

而发证NCB除了行使认可NCB的职责外,有权在其登记的标准范围内颁发CB测试证书。

发证/认可NCB的认可范围可以大于其发证范围。

发证和认可范围都公布在CB体系的网站上()。

CB实验室(CBTL)是CB体系接受的实验室,它在特定NCB的责任下对一个或多个产品类别进行测试并颁发CB测试报告。

截至到目前为止,全球共有64个国家的55个认证机构及其下属的130多个CB实验室参加了这一互认体系。

参加CB体系的成员国家包括了所有中国机电产品的主要出口国家:企业利用从其中任一成员国的认证机构取得的CB测试证书,申请其它国家的认证时,则可以免予重复性测试,得到其他成员国认证机构的认可,由此取得进入该国市场的准入证。

因此,CB体系可以减少因各种不同的认证规则造成的贸易壁垒,消除重复测试和认证给企业带来的时间延误和成本增加,从而使企业能以更快的速度和更低的成本推出新的产品,帮助企业更加方便、快捷地进入国际市场。

CB体系以国际电工技术委员会(International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC)的标准为基础。

CB体系覆盖的产品是IECEE系统所承担的IEC标准范围内的产品。

当三个以上的成员宣布他们希望并支持某种标准加入CB体系时,新的IEC标准将被CB体系采用。

目前使用的IEC标准发布在CB公报的IECEE网站上。

CB测试证书证明有关产品样品已成功通过适当的测试,并符合相关的IEC标准。

CB测试证书的持有人,也可要求在CB测试证书上标明有关产品亦同时符合填报的会员国的国家标准(National Differences)。

但是CB测试证书并不能取代强制性的国家标志。

在采用自我声明的申请方式的地区,如欧盟,制造商可使用CB测试证书及相关的CB测试报告,支持其声明符合了CE标志的相关要求。

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