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CH1-5ed 概述

CH1-5ed 概述
Shangdong Insititute of Business and Technology
第 1 章 概述(续)
1.4 计算机网络在我国的发展 1.5 计算机网络的类别 1.5.1 计算机网络的定义 1.5.2 几种不同类别的网络 1.6 计算机网络的性能 1.6.1 计算机网络的性能指标 1.6.2 计算机网络的非性能特征
Shangdong Insititute of Business and Technology
因特网的边缘部分与核心部分
因特网的边缘部分 主机 路由器 网络
因特网的核心部分
1.3.1 因特网的边缘部分



处在因特网边缘的部分就是连接在因特 网上的所有的主机。这些主机又称为端 系统(end system)。 “主机 A 和主机 B 进行通信”,实际上 是指:“运行在主机 A 上的某个程序和 运行在主机 B 上的另一个程序进行通 信”。 即“主机 A 的某个进程和主机 B 上的另 一个进程进行通信”。或简称为“计算 机之间通信”
Shangdong Insititute of Business and Technology
1.2.3 关于因特网的标准化工作
因特网协会 ISOC 因特网体系结构 研究委员会 IAB 因特网研究部 IRTF 因特网研究指导小组 IRSG …
因特网工程部 IETF
因特网工程指导小组 IESG
… 领域 领域 WG … WG WG … WG
Shangdong Insititute of Business and Technology
1. 客户服务器方式



客户(client)和服务器(server)都是指通信 中所涉及的两个应用进程。 客户服务器方式所描述的是进程之间服 务和被服务的关系。 客户是服务的请求方,服务器是服务的 提供方。

An open-label, multicenter study to evaluate the s

An open-label, multicenter study to evaluate the s

Author's response to reviewsTitle:An open-label,multicenter study to evaluate the safe and effective use of the single-use autoinjector with an AVONEX(R)prefilled syringe in multiple sclerosis subjectsAuthors:J.Theodore Phillips(*****************************)Edward Fox(******************)William Grainger(***********************)Dianne Tuccillo(******************************)Shifang Liu(**************************)Aaron Deykin(***************************)Version:2Date:16September2011Author's response to reviews:see overSeptember 16, 2011Dr. Thomas F. ScottAssociate EditorBMC NeurologyDear Dr. Scott and members of the BMC Neurology editorial board,Thank you for considering the manuscript: “An open-label, multicenter study to evaluate the safe and effective use of the single-use autoinjector with an AVONEX® prefilled syringe in multiple sclerosis subjects” submitted for publication. We appreciate the opportunity to revise the manuscript based on the comments made by the reviewers.Below please find responses (in bold) to comments from each reviewer.Reviewer 11. Article is good if the needle size of the comparator was exactly the same, therefore must specify the gauge and length of comparator needle. If the needle differed, a significant rewrite or revision of conclusions is needed. MUST state size of needle used on the prefilled syringe that the auto-injector was compared to, MUST revise commentary extensively if size other than exact same size used as longer or larger bore needle could account for outcome.In the Methods section we have added a description and explanation of needle size for the first injection which used the manual method to administer treatment with the prefilled syringe. In the Discussion section we have also addressed the potential size difference in the needles.Reviewer 21. In Table 2, under Injection, the first column states "Applies firm downward pressure on the body of the prefilled pen and releases the safety lock and fires device by" (rest of the caption is missing)We have added in the missing phrase in Table 2.2. Please clarify, were patients told what each number on the preference score scale denotes? In other words, what exactly does a score of 6 or a score of 7 mean? If so, what did the numbers denote?In the Methods section we have added a sentence to explain that patients were not provided information on what each number of the scale denoted.We hope that these revisions make the manuscript acceptable for publication in BMC Neurology. Thank you for your consideration of the manuscript and we look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely,Aaron Deykin, M.D., on behalf of the authors.Corresponding author: Aaron Deykin, M.D., Director, Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Development. Biogen Idec, Inc. 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142. phone: 617-914-6374, email:***************************。

资料:pathway会计学大纲 新

资料:pathway会计学大纲 新

SUBJECT OUTLINE15575024 BACC001Accounting for businessLecture: All teachers in Accounting Department, SILCStudent Level:Degree student in sophomore classCredit Points: 6 pointsDelivery Time:Term1, 2015-2016Prerequisite:NileTextbook Information:Walter T Harrison, Charles Horngren, Bill Thomas, Themin Suwardy,Financial accounting: International Financail Reporting Standards. Pearson. Ninth global edition.Subject Description:This subject equips students with the broad and basic knowledge and skills to deal with accounting information systems in the business environment and is also a foundation for further study in accounting.The content is structured into 10 weekly lecture and tutorial sessions covering the following topics:1: Conceptual Framework and Financial statements2: Recording accounting transactions3: Accrual Accounting and Adjusting Entries4. Presentation of Financial statements5: Internal control, cash, and Receivables.6: Inventory and Merchandizing Operations7: PPE and Intangibles8: Liabilities9: Shareholders ‘Equity10: Statement of cash flows11: Financial statement analysisSubject Learning Objectives:On successful completion of this subject, students should be able to (SLO):1. Appraise the role of accountants and accounting information in the businessenvironment. (SLO1 ~ PLO1.1)2. Apply accounting information in external and internal decision contexts of abusiness. (SLO2 ~ PLO1.1)3. Demonstrate analytical skills needed to process accounting information;prepare internal and external financial statements and be able to interpretaccounting reports. (SLO3 ~ PLO1.1)4. Evaluate basic business and accounting information provided in popularbusiness cases. (SLO4 ~ PLO1.1)5. Effectively understand and communicate accounting information in a businesscontext. (SLO5 ~ PLO1.1)This subject covers the following Program Learning Objectives (PLOs):1. Show an understanding of essential concepts of business and related professions. (PLO 1.1)Contribution to graduate attribute:This subject equips students with the broad and basic knowledge and skills to deal with accounting information systems in the business environment and is also a foundation for further study in accounting.it focuses on the development of a vocationally relevant understanding of accounting and equips students with professional skills. It aims to develop students’theoretical and practical knowledge of business, analytical and technical skills, and attributes as a capable student of business and ethical member of society.Teaching & Learning Methodology:The subject is taught in lectures and tutorials. The lectures provide the structure of the topic area, discussion of the theory and some practical examples. Tutorials provide an opportunity to discuss ideas, ethical issues and make practical application of the theory. The tutorial is not meant to be a forum for teachers to pro vide students with “Model answers.” Tutorials are focused on helping students to solve problems they have encountered and on applying concepts introduced in the previous lecture. Students are invited to ask questions and contribute to their own clarification of the materials being studied.Students Activities (Course Content & Progress):Week Lecture topic Tutorial topicLecturedelivered Tutorial tasks and skill developmentTutordelivered1 C h1ConceptualFrameworkandFinancialstatements Ch1E1-18A/19A/20A/21A/22A/23A•Quiz p43 (40-54)E1-24A/25A/26A/27A•understanding , analysis andapplication of accounting knowledge2 Ch2Recordingaccountingtransactions Ch2E2-15A/16A/17A/18A/19A/20A/21A•QUIZ P109 (40-59)•E2-22A/23A/24A•understanding , analysis andapplication of accounting knowledge3 Ch3Accrualaccounting andadjusting entries Ch3E3-20A/21A/22A/23A/24A/25A•QUIZ P191 (45-60)•E3-26A/27A/28A/29A•understanding , analysis andapplication of accounting knowledge4 Ch5Internalcontrol, cash,andReceivables Ch5E5-23A/25A/26A/27A/28A•QUIZ P335(51-60)•E5-29A/30A/31A•understanding , analysis andapplication of accounting knowledge4Assignment 1 Due •5 NationalHoliday•6 Ch6Inventory andMerchandizingOperationsCh6E6-16A/17A/18A/19A/20A/21A/22A/23A•QUIZ P397(43-59)E6-24A/25A/26A/27A•understanding , analysis andapplication of accounting knowledge6 Mid-term Exam •CH1/2/3/57 CH7PPE andIntangiblesCH7E7-15A/16A/17A/18A/19A/20A/21A/22AQUIZ (P469) (47-61)E7-23A/24A/25A/26A/27A/28A•understanding , analysis andapplication of accounting knowledge8 CH9Liabilities CH9E9-17A/19A22A/23A/24A/25A/26A/27AQUIZ P593(51-69)E9-28A/29A/30A/31A•understanding , analysis andapplication of accounting knowledge8 Assignment 2Due•9 CH10ShareholdersEquity CH10E10-20A/21A/22A/23A/24A/25A/26A/27A/28AQUIZ P655 (56-75)E10-29A/30A/31A/32A/33A/34A/35A•understanding , analysis andapplication of accounting knowledge10 Review •Assessment Methods in Alignment with PLOs:Assessment Types Weight SLOsCoveredPLOsCoveredTaskstructureAssess Due date1 Assignment1&220% SLO1-5 PLO1.1 Individual Week4&82 Mid-termexam20% SLO1-5 PLO1.1 Individual Week63 Final Exam 60% SLO1-5 PLO1.1 Individual Exam Week Minimum Requirements:Students must achieve at least 60% of the subject’s total marks Students must also attend 80% of tutorial workshops.Reading List and References:(1)Recommended texts会计学,陈信元,上海财经大学出版社管理会计,余绪缨编著,中国人民大学出版社Tyler, J, Accounting Study Guide, 5th edition, Pearson Education Australia, ISBN 978-0-7339-7869-2 (available with the textbook), 2007CPA Australia or The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (2009), Accounting Handbook 2009, Sydney: Prentice Hall or John WileyCPA Australia or the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (2009), Auditing and Assurance Handbook 2009, Sydney: Prentice Hall or John WileyHoggett, J., and Edwards, L., Medlin, J. (2006), Accounting in Australia (6th Ed.), Brisbane: John Wiley & SonsKimmel, P. D., Carlon, S., Loftus, J., Mladenovic, R., Kieso, D. E., Weygandt, J. J. (2006), Accounting: Building Business Skills (2nd Ed.), Brisbane: John Wiley & SonsTrotman, K., Gibbins, M. (2005) Financial Accounting: An Integrated Approach (3rd Ed.), Thomson PublishersJackling, B., Raar, J., Williams, B., Wines, G. (2007), Accounting: A framework for decision making (2nd Ed.), McGraw-Hill IrwinJuchau, R. Flanagan, J., Mitchell, G., Tibbits, G., Ingram, R., Albright, T., Baldwin, B., Hill, J. (2006) Accounting: Information for Decisions (2nd Ed.), Thomson Publishers(2)Journals and Business Publications会计研究管理世界上海证券报中国财政部新会计准则International Financial Reporting Systems(IFRS)GAAP(Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, American)AccountancyAccounting & FinanceAccounting ReviewAccounting ResearchAccounting HorizonJournal of FinanceAccounting & Business ResearchThe Australian AccountantAustralian Accounting ReviewCA MagazineCost & ManagementJournal of Accounting and EconomicsThe Journal of AccountancyBusiness Review WeeklyHarvard Business ReviewAustralian Financial ReviewSydney Morning HeraldBusiness Reports on Free-to-air Nightly News Programs。

ch1_signals and signal processing

ch1_signals and signal processing
Ch1 Signals and Signal Processing
Outline
Characterization and Classification of Signals Typical Signal Processing Operations Examples of Typical Signals and Signal Processing Applications Why Digital Signal Processing? DSP Application Systems

The Digitalization Determine Future
Digital switchers replaced analog switchers GSM and CDMA replaced analog mobile communication Digital cameras come out… Digital TVs are replacing analog TVs Thoroughly saying, the technology based on computer is changing the industry, agriculture, education, science…
Examples of Typical Signal Processing Applications
Sound recording applications. Compressors and limiters. Expanders and noise gates. Equalizers and filters. Noise reduction system. Delay and reverberation systems. ……

IEEE参考文献格式

IEEE参考文献格式

•Creating a reference list or bibliographyA numbered list of references must be provided at the end of thepaper. The list should be arranged in the order of citation in the text of the assignment or essay, not in alphabetical order. List only one reference per reference number. Footnotes or otherinformation that are not part of the referencing format should not be included in the reference list.The following examples demonstrate the format for a variety of types of references. Included are some examples of citing electronic documents. Such items come in many forms, so only some examples have been listed here.Print DocumentsBooksNote: Every (important) word in the title of a book or conference must be capitalised. Only the first word of a subtitle should be capitalised. Capitalise the "v" in Volume for a book title.Punctuation goes inside the quotation marks.Standard formatSingle author[1] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,1993, pp. 123-135.[2] S. M. Hemmington, Soft Science. Saskatoon: University ofSaskatchewan Press, 1997.Edited work[3] D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.Later edition[4] K. Schwalbe, Information Technology Project Management, 3rd ed.Boston: Course Technology, 2004.[5] M. N. DeMers, Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems,3rd ed. New York : John Wiley, 2005.More than one author[6] T. Jordan and P. A. Taylor, Hacktivism and Cyberwars: Rebelswith a cause? London: Routledge, 2004.[7] U. J. Gelinas, Jr., S. G. Sutton, and J. Fedorowicz, Businessprocesses and information technology. Cincinnati:South-Western/Thomson Learning, 2004.Three or more authorsNote: The names of all authors should be given in the references unless the number of authors is greater than six. If there are more than six authors, you may use et al. after the name of the first author.[8] R. Hayes, G. Pisano, D. Upton, and S. Wheelwright, Operations,Strategy, and Technology: Pursuing the competitive edge.Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2005.Series[9] M. Bell, et al., Universities Online: A survey of onlineeducation and services in Australia, Occasional Paper Series 02-A. Canberra: Department of Education, Science andTraining, 2002.Corporate author (ie: a company or organisation)[10] World Bank, Information and Communication Technologies: AWorld Bank group strategy. Washington, DC : World Bank, 2002.Conference (complete conference proceedings)[11] T. J. van Weert and R. K. Munro, Eds., Informatics and theDigital Society: Social, ethical and cognitive issues: IFIP TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open Conference on Social, Ethical andCognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT, July 22-26, 2002, Dortmund, Germany. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2003.Government publication[12] Australia. Attorney-Generals Department. Digital AgendaReview, 4 Vols. Canberra: Attorney- General's Department,2003.Manual[13] Bell Telephone Laboratories Technical Staff, TransmissionSystem for Communications, Bell Telephone Laboratories,1995.Catalogue[14] Catalog No. MWM-1, Microwave Components, M. W. Microwave Corp.,Brooklyn, NY.Application notes[15] Hewlett-Packard, Appl. Note 935, pp. 25-29.Note:Titles of unpublished works are not italicised or capitalised. Capitalise only the first word of a paper or thesis.Technical report[16] K. E. Elliott and C.M. Greene, "A local adaptive protocol,"Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, France, Tech. Rep.916-1010-BB, 1997.Patent / Standard[17] K. Kimura and A. Lipeles, "Fuzzy controller component, " U.S. Patent 14,860,040, December 14, 1996.Papers presented at conferences (unpublished)[18] H. A. Nimr, "Defuzzification of the outputs of fuzzycontrollers," presented at 5th International Conference onFuzzy Systems, Cairo, Egypt, 1996.Thesis or dissertation[19] H. Zhang, "Delay-insensitive networks," M.S. thesis,University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, 1997.[20] M. W. Dixon, "Application of neural networks to solve therouting problem in communication networks," Ph.D.dissertation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia, 1999.Parts of a BookNote: These examples are for chapters or parts of edited works in which the chapters or parts have individual title and author/s, but are included in collections or textbooks edited by others. If the editors of a work are also the authors of all of the included chapters then it should be cited as a whole book using the examples given above (Books).Capitalise only the first word of a paper or book chapter.Single chapter from an edited work[1] A. Rezi and M. Allam, "Techniques in array processing by meansof transformations, " in Control and Dynamic Systems, Vol.69, Multidemsional Systems, C. T. Leondes, Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180.[2] G. O. Young, "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics," inPlastics, 2nd ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.Conference or seminar paper (one paper from a published conference proceedings)[3] N. Osifchin and G. Vau, "Power considerations for themodernization of telecommunications in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union (CEE/FSU) countries," in Second International Telecommunications Energy SpecialConference, 1997, pp. 9-16.[4] S. Al Kuran, "The prospects for GaAs MESFET technology in dc-acvoltage conversion," in Proceedings of the Fourth AnnualPortable Design Conference, 1997, pp. 137-142.Article in an encyclopaedia, signed[5] O. B. R. Strimpel, "Computer graphics," in McGraw-HillEncyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., Vol. 4. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997, pp. 279-283.Study Guides and Unit ReadersNote: You should not cite from Unit Readers, Study Guides, or lecture notes, but where possible you should go to the original source of the information. If you do need to cite articles from the Unit Reader, treat the Reader articles as if they were book or journal articles. In the reference list or bibliography use the bibliographical details as quoted in the Reader and refer to the page numbers from the Reader, not the original page numbers (unless you have independently consulted the original).[6] L. Vertelney, M. Arent, and H. Lieberman, "Two disciplines insearch of an interface: Reflections on a design problem," in The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design, B. Laurel, Ed.Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990. Reprinted inHuman-Computer Interaction (ICT 235) Readings and Lecture Notes, Vol. 1. Murdoch: Murdoch University, 2005, pp. 32-37. Journal ArticlesNote: Capitalise only the first word of an article title, except for proper nouns or acronyms. Every (important) word in the title of a journal must be capitalised. Do not capitalise the "v" in volume for a journal article.You must either spell out the entire name of each journal that you reference or use accepted abbreviations. You must consistently do one or the other. Staff at the Reference Desk can suggest sources of accepted journal abbreviations.You may spell out words such as volume or December, but you must either spell out all such occurrences or abbreviate all. You do not need to abbreviate March, April, May, June or July.To indicate a page range use pp. 111-222. If you refer to only one page, use only p. 111.Standard formatJournal articles[1] E. P. Wigner, "Theory of traveling wave optical laser," Phys.Rev., vol. 134, pp. A635-A646, Dec. 1965.[2] J. U. Duncombe, "Infrared navigation - Part I: An assessmentof feasability," IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices, vol. ED-11, pp. 34-39, Jan. 1959.[3] G. Liu, K. Y. Lee, and H. F. Jordan, "TDM and TWDM de Bruijnnetworks and shufflenets for optical communications," IEEE Trans. Comp., vol. 46, pp. 695-701, June 1997.OR[4] J. R. Beveridge and E. M. Riseman, "How easy is matching 2D linemodels using local search?" IEEE Transactions on PatternAnalysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, pp. 564-579, June 1997.[5] I. S. Qamber, "Flow graph development method," MicroelectronicsReliability, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1387-1395, Dec. 1993.[6] E. H. Miller, "A note on reflector arrays," IEEE Transactionson Antennas and Propagation, to be published.Electronic documentsNote:When you cite an electronic source try to describe it in the same way you would describe a similar printed publication. If possible, give sufficient information for your readers to retrieve the source themselves.If only the first page number is given, a plus sign indicates following pages, eg. 26+. If page numbers are not given, use paragraph or other section numbers if you need to be specific. An electronic source may not always contain clear author or publisher details.The access information will usually be just the URL of the source. As well as a publication/revision date (if there is one), the date of access is included since an electronic source may change between the time you cite it and the time it is accessed by a reader.E-BooksStandard format[1] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman. Software Architecture inPractice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book.[2] T. Eckes, The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender. MahwahNJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000. [E-book] Available: netLibrary e-book.Article in online encyclopaedia[3] D. Ince, "Acoustic coupler," in A Dictionary of the Internet.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. [Online]. Available: Oxford Reference Online, .[Accessed: May 24, 2005].[4] W. D. Nance, "Management information system," in The BlackwellEncyclopedic Dictionary of Management Information Systems,G.B. Davis, Ed. Malden MA: Blackwell, 1999, pp. 138-144.[E-book]. Available: NetLibrary e-book.E-JournalsStandard formatJournal article abstract accessed from online database[1] M. T. Kimour and D. Meslati, "Deriving objects from use casesin real-time embedded systems," Information and SoftwareTechnology, vol. 47, no. 8, p. 533, June 2005. [Abstract].Available: ProQuest, /proquest/.[Accessed May 12, 2005].Note: Abstract citations are only included in a reference list if the abstract is substantial or if the full-text of the article could not be accessed.Journal article from online full-text databaseNote: When including the internet address of articles retrieved from searches in full-text databases, please use the Recommended URLs for Full-text Databases, which are the URLs for the main entrance to the service and are easier to reproduce.[2] H. K. Edwards and V. Sridhar, "Analysis of software requirementsengineering exercises in a global virtual team setup,"Journal of Global Information Management, vol. 13, no. 2, p.21+, April-June 2005. [Online]. Available: Academic OneFile, . [Accessed May 31, 2005].[3] A. Holub, "Is software engineering an oxymoron?" SoftwareDevelopment Times, p. 28+, March 2005. [Online]. Available: ProQuest, . [Accessed May 23, 2005].Journal article in a scholarly journal (published free of charge on the internet)[4] A. Altun, "Understanding hypertext in the context of readingon the web: Language learners' experience," Current Issues in Education, vol. 6, no. 12, July 2003. [Online]. Available: /volume6/number12/. [Accessed Dec. 2, 2004].Journal article in electronic journal subscription[5] P. H. C. Eilers and J. J. Goeman, "Enhancing scatterplots withsmoothed densities," Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp.623-628, March 2004. [Online]. Available:. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2004].Newspaper article from online database[6] J. Riley, "Call for new look at skilled migrants," TheAustralian, p. 35, May 31, 2005. Available: Factiva,. [Accessed May 31, 2005].Newspaper article from the Internet[7] C. Wilson-Clark, "Computers ranked as key literacy," The WestAustralian, para. 3, March 29, 2004. [Online]. Available:.au. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2004].Internet DocumentsStandard formatProfessional Internet site[1] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, 揇igitalVideo Broadcasting (DVB): Implementation guidelines for DVBterrestrial services; transmission aspects,?EuropeanTelecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI TR-101-190,1997. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed:Aug. 17, 1998].Personal Internet site[2] G. Sussman, "Home page - Dr. Gerald Sussman," July 2002.[Online]. Available:/faculty/Sussman/sussmanpage.htm[Accessed: Sept. 12, 2004].General Internet site[3] J. Geralds, "Sega Ends Production of Dreamcast," ,para. 2, Jan. 31, 2001. [Online]. Available:/news/1116995. [Accessed: Sept. 12,2004].Internet document, no author given[4] 揂憀ayman抯?explanation of Ultra Narrow Band technology,?Oct.3, 2003. [Online]. Available:/Layman.pdf. [Accessed: Dec. 3, 2003].Non-Book FormatsPodcasts[1] W. Brown and K. Brodie, Presenters, and P. George, Producer, 揊rom Lake Baikal to the Halfway Mark, Yekaterinburg? Peking to Paris: Episode 3, Jun. 4, 2007. [Podcast television programme]. Sydney: ABC Television. Available:.au/tv/pekingtoparis/podcast/pekingtoparis.xm l. [Accessed Feb. 4, 2008].[2] S. Gary, Presenter, 揃lack Hole Death Ray? StarStuff, Dec. 23, 2007. [Podcast radio programme]. Sydney: ABC News Radio. Available: .au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml. [Accessed Feb. 4, 2008].Other FormatsMicroform[3] W. D. Scott & Co, Information Technology in Australia:Capacities and opportunities: A report to the Department ofScience and Technology. [Microform]. W. D. Scott & CompanyPty. Ltd. in association with Arthur D. Little Inc. Canberra:Department of Science and Technology, 1984.Computer game[4] The Hobbit: The prelude to the Lord of the Rings. [CD-ROM].United Kingdom: Vivendi Universal Games, 2003.Software[5] Thomson ISI, EndNote 7. [CD-ROM]. Berkeley, Ca.: ISIResearchSoft, 2003.Video recording[6] C. Rogers, Writer and Director, Grrls in IT. [Videorecording].Bendigo, Vic. : Video Education Australasia, 1999.A reference list: what should it look like?The reference list should appear at the end of your paper. Begin the list on a new page. The title References should be either left justified or centered on the page. The entries should appear as one numerical sequence in the order that the material is cited in the text of your assignment.Note: The hanging indent for each reference makes the numerical sequence more obvious.[1] A. Rezi and M. Allam, "Techniques in array processing by meansof transformations, " in Control and Dynamic Systems, Vol.69, Multidemsional Systems, C. T. Leondes, Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180.[2] G. O. Young, "Synthetic structure of industrial plastics," inPlastics, 2nd ed., vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15-64.[3] S. M. Hemmington, Soft Science. Saskatoon: University ofSaskatchewan Press, 1997.[4] N. Osifchin and G. Vau, "Power considerations for themodernization of telecommunications in Central and Eastern European and former Soviet Union (CEE/FSU) countries," in Second International Telecommunications Energy SpecialConference, 1997, pp. 9-16.[5] D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.[8] O. B. R. Strimpel, "Computer graphics," in McGraw-HillEncyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., Vol. 4. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997, pp. 279-283.[9] K. Schwalbe, Information Technology Project Management, 3rd ed.Boston: Course Technology, 2004.[10] M. N. DeMers, Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems,3rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2005.[11] L. Vertelney, M. Arent, and H. Lieberman, "Two disciplines insearch of an interface: Reflections on a design problem," in The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design, B. Laurel, Ed.Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1990. Reprinted inHuman-Computer Interaction (ICT 235) Readings and Lecture Notes, Vol. 1. Murdoch: Murdoch University, 2005, pp. 32-37.[12] E. P. Wigner, "Theory of traveling wave optical laser,"Physical Review, vol.134, pp. A635-A646, Dec. 1965.[13] J. U. Duncombe, "Infrared navigation - Part I: An assessmentof feasibility," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol.ED-11, pp. 34-39, Jan. 1959.[14] M. Bell, et al., Universities Online: A survey of onlineeducation and services in Australia, Occasional Paper Series 02-A. Canberra: Department of Education, Science andTraining, 2002.[15] T. J. van Weert and R. K. Munro, Eds., Informatics and theDigital Society: Social, ethical and cognitive issues: IFIP TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open Conference on Social, Ethical andCognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT, July 22-26, 2002, Dortmund, Germany. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2003.[16] I. S. Qamber, "Flow graph development method,"Microelectronics Reliability, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1387-1395, Dec. 1993.[17] Australia. Attorney-Generals Department. Digital AgendaReview, 4 Vols. Canberra: Attorney- General's Department, 2003.[18] C. Rogers, Writer and Director, Grrls in IT. [Videorecording].Bendigo, Vic.: Video Education Australasia, 1999.[19] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman. Software Architecture inPractice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book.[20] D. Ince, "Acoustic coupler," in A Dictionary of the Internet.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. [Online]. Available: Oxford Reference Online, .[Accessed: May 24, 2005].[21] H. K. Edwards and V. Sridhar, "Analysis of softwarerequirements engineering exercises in a global virtual team setup," Journal of Global Information Management, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 21+, April-June 2005. [Online]. Available: AcademicOneFile, . [Accessed May 31,2005].[22] A. Holub, "Is software engineering an oxymoron?" SoftwareDevelopment Times, p. 28+, March 2005. [Online]. Available: ProQuest, . [Accessed May 23, 2005].[23] H. Zhang, "Delay-insensitive networks," M.S. thesis,University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, 1997.[24] P. H. C. Eilers and J. J. Goeman, "Enhancing scatterplots withsmoothed densities," Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp.623-628, March 2004. [Online]. Available:. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2004].[25] J. Riley, "Call for new look at skilled migrants," TheAustralian, p. 35, May 31, 2005. Available: Factiva,. [Accessed May 31, 2005].[26] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, 揇igitalVideo Broadcasting (DVB): Implementation guidelines for DVB terrestrial services; transmission aspects,?EuropeanTelecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI TR-101-190,1997. [Online]. Available: . [Accessed: Aug. 17, 1998].[27] J. Geralds, "Sega Ends Production of Dreamcast," ,para. 2, Jan. 31, 2001. [Online]. Available:/news/1116995. [Accessed Sept. 12,2004].[28] W. D. Scott & Co, Information Technology in Australia:Capacities and opportunities: A report to the Department of Science and Technology. [Microform]. W. D. Scott & Company Pty. Ltd. in association with Arthur D. Little Inc. Canberra: Department of Science and Technology, 1984.AbbreviationsStandard abbreviations may be used in your citations. A list of appropriate abbreviations can be found below:。

《计量经济学》教学大纲

《计量经济学》教学大纲

《计量经济学》教学大纲李景华编写经济学专业课程教学大纲1078 目录前言 (1082)第一章绪论 (1084)§1.1 计量经济学 (1084)一、计量经济学 (1084)二、计量经济学模型 (1084)三、计量经济学的内容体系 (1084)四、计量经济学是一门经济学科 (1085)五、计量经济学在经济学科中的地位 (1085)§1.2 建立计量经济学模型的步骤和要点 (1085)一、理论模型的设计 (1085)二、样本数据的收集 (1085)三、模型参数的估计 (1086)四、模型的检验 (1086)五、建立计量经济学模型过程中的几个关键 (1086)六、计量经济学应用软件介绍 (1086)§1.3 计量经济学模型的应用 (1086)一、经济结构分析 (1086)二、经济预测 (1087)三、经济证策评价 (1087)四、经济理论检验与发展 (1087)本章思考题 (1087)第二章经典单方程计量经济学模型:一元线性回归模型 (1089)§2.1 回归分析概述 (1089)一、回归分析基本概念 (1089)二、总体回归函数 (1089)三、随机干扰项 (1089)四、样本回归函数 (1090)§2.2 一元线性回归模型的参数估计 (1090)一、一元线性回归模型的基本假设 (1090)二、参数的普通最小二乘估计(OLS) (1090)三、参数估计的最大或然法(ML) (1090)四、最小二乘估计量的性质 (1090)五、参数估计量的概率分布及随机干扰项方差的估计 (1090)§2.3 一元线性回归模型的统计检验 (1091)一、拟合优度检验 (1091)二、变量的显著性检验 (1091)三、参数的置信区间 (1091)§2.4 一元线性回归分析的应用:预测问题 (1091)计量经济学1079一、0ˆY 是条件均值)|(0X X Y E =或个值Y 的一个无偏估计。

2800系列使用手册

2800系列使用手册

UV-2802S
0.5、1、2、4nm
≤0.15%T 在 220nm,340 nm 处 0-200%T,-0.3-2.80A, 0-9999C(0-9999F) ±0.5%T RS-232C 串口,Centronics 并口配 Hp,Epson 兼容激光,喷墨打印机 550×400×270 580×400×280 16kg 约 21kg
23仪器外观uv2800见图21图22样品室盖键盘液晶显示屏拉杆图21散热风扇电源插座打印口液晶对比度调节旋钮电源开关110v220v转换开关rs232串行通uv28022802s见图23图24图25液晶对比度调节旋钮液晶显示屏样品室盖拉杆键盘图23电源指示灯打印口电源开关rs232串行通讯口图24电源插座散热风扇散热孔110v220v转换开关换灯口盖板观察孔图2524仪器安装将仪器放置于水平平台上仪器应避免阳光直射远离电磁发射装置和大功率电气装置使用环境不能有尘埃腐蚀性气体和振动
UV-2800/2802/2802S 型
紫外可见分光光度计 用户使用手册
尤尼柯(上海)仪器有限公司
目 录 第一章 概述………………………………………………………………………………… 1. 1 原理……………………………………………………………………………………… 1. 2 用途……………………………………………………………………………………… 1. 3 特点……………………………………………………………………………………… 第二章 主要技术指标……………………………………………………………………… 2. 1 技术指标………………………………………………………………………………… 2. 2 随机附件………………………………………………………………………………… 2. 3 仪器外观………………………………………………………………………………… 2. 4 仪器安装………………………………………………………………………………… 第三章 仪器的基本操作…………………………………………………………………… 3. 1 显示屏和按键…………………………………………………………………………… 3. 2 仪器上电………………………………………………………………………………… 3. 3 仪器的基本操作………………………………………………………………………… 3. 3. 1 调空白………………………………………………………………………………… 3. 3. 2 设置波长……………………………………………………………………………… 3. 3. 3 调出, 存储, 打印实验结果………………………………………………………… 3. 4 试验前的准备…………………………………………………………………………… 第四章 光度计模式………………………………………………………………………… 4. 1 测试方法描述…………………………………………………………………………… 4. 1. 1 吸光度模式…………………………………………………………………………… 4. 1. 2 透过率模式…………………………………………………………………………… 4. 1. 3 含量 (浓度) 模式……………………………………………………………………… 4. 2 打印实验报告…………………………………………………………………………… 第五章 定量测量…………………………………………………………………………… 5. 1 测量方法描述…………………………………………………………………………… 5. 1. 1 选择浓度单位………………………………………………………………………… 5. 1. 2 选择校正方法………………………………………………………………………… 5. 1. 3 选择曲线拟合方法…………………………………………………………………… 5. 1. 4 直接输入标准曲线…………………………………………………………………… 5. 1. 5 建立标准曲线………………………………………………………………………… 5. 1. 6 定量测量……………………………………………………………………………… 第六章 光谱扫描…………………………………………………………………………… 6. 1 参数设置………………………………………………………………………………… 6. 2 扫描模式选择…………………………………………………………………………… 6. 3 建立基线………………………………………………………………………………… 6. 4 扫描样品………………………………………………………………………………… 6. 5 图谱处理………………………………………………………………………………… 6. 5. 1 改变标尺……………………………………………………………………………… 6. 5. 2 峰谷查寻……………………………………………………………………………… 6. 5. 3 存储, 调入, 打印扫描曲线………………………………………………………… 第七章 动力学测量………………………………………………………………………… 7. 1 参数设置………………………………………………………………………………… 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 5 5 6 8 8 9 10 12 12 12 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 19 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 24 26 26

外研版八年级英语上M5U2课件

外研版八年级英语上M5U2课件

02
Vocabulary learning and expansion
Key vocabulary explanation
Key words and phrases
Introduce and explain important words and phrases in the unit, including their meanings, usage, and example sentences.
01
Mnemonic devices
Introduce mnemonic devices such as acronyms, rhymes, or visual aids to help students remember new words more easily.
02 03
Association methods
Supplementary materials
Additional resources such as worksheets, audio recordings, and videos will be provided to support the textbook and enhance student learning.
目录
• Grammar knowledge sorting and application • Listening training and improvement • Oral expression and communication ability
cultivation
01
Course Introduction and Objectives
Word formation
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P15. 11 (前半个问题)
Thanks
• 语言程序
• 目的程序 • 汇编程序 • 高级语言源程序
目的程序
• 早期计算机中,人们直接用机器语言编写程序,这种编 写程序的方式称为手编程序。 • 特点: 计算机完全可以“识别”并能执行,所以又叫 做目的程序。 • 缺点:用机器语言编写程序很繁琐, 费时费事,易出错, 出错后寻找错误也相当费事,这就大大限制了计算机的 使用。
#include“com.h" int main(void) { fd = open(“/dev/com”,O_RW); ... ioctl(fd,COM_INIT,Data); ioctl(fd,COM_SEND,500); ... close(fd); }
gpio_init(void);
...
} com_fops = { ioctl: com_ioctl, open: com_open, release: com_release, }; int __init com_init(void) { register_chrdev(...); } int com_ioctl (..., ...) { int com_ioctl (..., ...){ ... *Regdata = bps; } ... com_send(int data) } int com_send(int data) { ... }
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 微程序级 一般机器级 操作系统级 汇编语言级 高级语言级

ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
路虽远,不行不至; 事虽难,不为不成。
作业 注明:姓名 学号 丏业
• 了解计算机的发展概述 冯.诺依曼(Von Neumann)思想
P15. 4 (+ 及其各个部件功能)
影响计算机性能的因素有哪些? 计算机层次结构
LED
Seirial
• 系统程序包括以下四类:
各种服务性程序 语言程序(如汇编程序编译程序解释程序等) 操作系统(DOS、Windows、Linux、„);
数据库管理系统
• 应用程序:用户利用计算机来解决某些特定 问题所编制的程序
1.4.2 软件的发展演变
• 以系统程序为例,简要说明软件的发展演变过程
1.5 计算机系统的层次结构
• 多级组成的计算机系统
• 软件与硬件的逻辑等价性
多级组成的计算机系统
1.微程序设计级
2. 一般机器级 3. 操作系统级
这是一个实在的硬件级,他由机器硬件直接执行微命令。 也称为机器语言级,由微程序解释机器指令系统。这一级也是硬件 级。 由操作系统程序实现。 这些操作系统由机器指令和广义指令组成,所以这一级也称为混合 级。 广义指令:操作系统定义和解释的软件指令。 一种符号形式语言。这一级由汇编程序支持和执行。
• 随着计算机在信息处理、情报检索及各种管理系统中 应用的发展,要求大量处理某些数据,建立和检索大量 的表格。这些数据和表格按一定的规律组织起来,使得 处理更方便,检索更迅速,用户使用更方便,于是出现了 数据库。
• 数据库是:实现有组织地、动态地存储大量相关 数据,方便多用户访问的计算机软、硬件资源组成 的系统。 • 数据库和数据库管理软件一起,组成了数据库管理 系统。
4. 汇编语言级 5. 高级语言级
面向用户,为方便用户编写应用程序而设置的。 这一级由各种高级语言编译程序支持和执行。
计算机系统
层次结构
示意图
小结
• “电子计算机”是指现在广泛应用的电子数字计 算机,
• 它分为专用计算机和通用计算机两大类。 • 专用和通用是根据计算机的效率、速度、价格、运行 的经济性和适应性来划分的。
1.
2. 3.
4.
5.
不需要main.c程序源 代码 接口一致,要了解设 备的使用方式 加入新的设备不影响 其他程序(QQ,MSN) 多个程序可以并行运 行 要重新制作文件系统
mem.c {...
#include"gpio.h"
int main(void) { fd = open(“/dev/gpio”,O_RDONLY); ... ioctl(fd,GPIO_CLR_PIN,1); ... close(fd); }
操作系统
• 操作系统作是软件吗?
• 操作系统是什么软件? • 操作系统和其他软件有什么区别?
1.4 计算机的软件
1.4.1 软件的组成和分类
• 凡是用于一台计算机的各种程序,统称为这台
计算机的程序或软件系统
• 计算机软件一般分为两大类:一类叫系统程
序,一类叫应用程序
• 系统程序:
(1)简化程序设计,简化使用方法(API) (2)提高计算机的使用效率 (3)发挥和扩大计算机的功能(比如安全性)
• 操作系统是随着硬件和软件不断发展而逐渐形成的一套软 件系统,用来管理计算机资源和自动调度用户的作业程序, 而使多个用户能有效地共用一套计算机系统。 • 操作系统目前大致分为(根据不同使用环境要求,)
• • • • 批处理操作系统 分时操作系统 网络操作系统 实时操作系统等多种。
数据库管理系统
• 数据库产生的由来
gpio_fops = { ioctl: gpio_ioctl, open: gpio_open, release: gpio_release, }; int __init gpio_init(void) { register_chrdev(...); } int gpio_ioctl (..., ...) { ... }
汇编程序
• 汇编语言:人们用一些约定的文字、符号和数字
按规定的格式来表示各种不同的指令 • 再用这些特殊符号表示的指令来编写程序 • 借助于汇编程序,把符号语言表示的程序(称为汇编
源程序)翻译成用机器语言表示的目的程序
高级语言源程序
• 创造了各种接近于数学语言的算法语言 • 优点:比较接近数学语言,直观通用,与具体
机器无关
高级语言源程序
• 用算法语言编写的程序称为高级语言源程序
• 这种源程序是不能由机器直接识别和执行的 • 计算机用编译程序(GCC, VC++),它把源程序翻
译成目的程序
操作系统
• 操作系统的由来
• 为了摆脱用户直接使用机器并独占机器这种情况,依靠计算机来管 理自己和管理用户,于是人们又创造出一类程序,叫做操作系统。
通用计算机又分为巨型机、大型机、中型机、小型机、微型机、 单片机六类,其结构复杂性、性能、价格、依次递减。
• 计算机的硬件是由有形的电子器件等构成的,它 包括
• • • • • 运算器 存储器 控制器 输入设备 输出设备
• 存储程序并按地址顺序执行,这是冯·诺依曼型计 算机的工作原理,也是计算机自动化工作的关键。
• 计算机软件一般分为系统程序和应用程序两大类。 • 系统程序用来:
• 简化程序设计,简化使用方法 • 提高计算机的使用效率,发挥和扩大计算机的功能和 用途, • 包括:
(1)各种服务程序 (2)语言类程序 (3)操作系统 (4)数据库管理系统
• 应用程序是针对特定应用课题领域开发的软件。

计算机系统是一个由硬件、软件组成的多 级层次结构 它通常的组成
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