【步步高·湖南专用】2014高考英语二轮【配套课件】专(10)
【步步高·湖南专用】2014高考英语二轮【配套课件】专题知识与增分策略第一部分 专题十二
专 题 12
(3)如果空格在名词或代词前面且该名词或代词在句中不作 主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，那么就可能是填介词，如 2013· 湖南，49；2012· 湖南，52；2011· 湖南，55；2010· 湖南，53。 (4)如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间， 那么就可能是 填连词，如 2013· 湖南，53,55；2012· 湖南，53；2011· 湖南，53； 2010· 湖南，50。 (5)如果两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填 连接词，如 2013· 湖南，48；2012· 湖南，55；2011· 湖南，51； 2010· 湖南,48,52。
专 题 12
Every kind of communication is important.It is __54__ important what kind of call we make or letter we send.__55__ is important is that we let others know we care about them. (2012· 湖南)
专 题 12 Does going to college really pay off？Certainly！ 就表明作者对于上 大学的看法。 再如(2010· 湖南， 完形填空二)的第二段首句 A note is often a better way to “talk” with a child than using the telephone.表明的就是短文的主旨大意。 ②挖掘表明作者态度的关 键信息词、关键句。这些关键信息词、关键句可能在文章的开头 或某一自然段的开头，也可能出现在文章的结尾，如(2013· 湖南， 完形填空二)首段中的尾句 he created an indestructible ball called the One World Futbol； (2012· 湖南， 完形填空二)的结尾句 What is important is that we let others know we care about them.。又如 (2011· 湖南，完形填空二)的结尾句 Going to college helps build a strong mind，which leads to greater success in one’s life.。再如 (2010· 湖南， 完形填空二)的结尾句 For these reasons， afterschool notes are very popular with parents.， 从这些结尾句我们就可以很 清晰地知道作者的观点态度。
【步步高·湖南专用】2014高考英语二轮【配套课件】专题知识与增分策略第一部分 专题九
B．when D．unless
句意为：学校规定，除非由成年人陪伴，孩子不允许
白天出校门。 unless 除非， 符合语境， unless 后省略了 they are。 once 一旦；when 当„„的时候；if 如果。
专 题 9 A 9．The girl had hardly rung the bell________the door was
பைடு நூலகம்
解析
考查状语从句引导词的辨析。句意为：我们无从知晓
为何一个人会有重大发现而另一个似乎同样聪慧的人却做不 到。while 意为“然而”，表示转折，与前一事物形成对比。
专 题 9
【变式训练】 One Friday ， we were packing to leave for a weekend
D away________my daughter heard cries for help.(2011· 浙江，4)
专 题 9
3．for 作并列连词，语气最弱，它所连接的后一分句只对前边 的分句加以解释或表示推断的原因。for 所连接的分句只能 位于句尾，前面用逗号与另一分句隔开。 I stopped to rest，for I was very tired. 我停下来休息，因为我很累。
专 题 9
A 1． I was glad to meet Jenny again， ________ I didn’t want to
否则会有麻烦的。or 否则，要不然，用于警告或忠告。
专 题 9
3．It’s not easy to change habits，________ with awareness C and selfcontrol，it is possible. A．for B．or (2013· 重庆， 23)
【步步高·湖南专用】2014高考英语二轮【配套课件】专题知识与增分策略第五部分 问题与对策
3．文章体裁 今年高考作文的体裁仍具有多样化的特点，记叙文、说 明文、议论文和应用文，其中应用文居多。在应用文中，书 信最为常见。作文内容的呈现有文字信息、图画、图表等。 试题突出了对考生的英语交际能力、分析和解决问题的能力 的考查，内容有创新。
问题与对策
一、13 类常见失分点 1．主谓不一致 (1)Three years have passed before we knew it.[误] Three years has passed before we knew it.[正] (2)Every man and every woman like surfing the Internet here.[误] Every man and every woman likes surfing the Internet here.[正] (3)Many a student have chatted online.[误] Many a student has chatted online.[正]
【考情分析】 通过对近三年的高考英语书面表达试题的分析，可以看 出高考书面表达有如下特点： 1．命题理念 就题材而言，高考书面表达题贴近学生的生活实际，情 景真实，有利于真情实感的表达，使考生有话可说。“源于 生活，高于生活”是英语书面表达题近几年来始终保持的主 旋律。如：2013年高考书面表达题湖南卷围绕比赛的输与赢 展开讨论，2012年湖南卷涉及物品失而复得的过程与感想， 2011年湖南卷是有关团结就是力量，人多力量大这一话题，都 是学生熟悉的话题，符合学生的认知水平和日常生活经历。
问题与对策
3．词类不一致 (1)She seated herself in the sofa and went sleep.[误] She seated herself in the sofa and went asleep.[正] (2)After the work，we went home，tiredly and hungry.[误] After the work，we went home，tired and hungry.[正] (3)Her kind and generosity made me feel at home.[误] Her kindness and generosity made me feel at home.[正]
【步步高·湖南专用】2014高考英语二轮【配套课件】专题知识与增分策略第一部分 专题二
解析 句意为：蝙蝠是令人吃惊的长寿动物，有些蝙蝠的生 命周期达到大约 20 年。分析句式结构可知，这是一个简单 句，中间用逗号分隔，所以后半句是对前半句的补充说明， some 是逻辑主语，其后应跟非谓语动词形式，由于 some 与 have 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系， 所以用现在分词形式， 构成 独立主格结构。
解析 句意为：如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。 weather permitting 是独立主格形式，相当于 if 引导的条件状 语从句，即 if weather permits。
专 题 2
【变式训练】
A Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures，some________a life
专 题 2
【知识生成】 1．独立主格结构由“普通格名词 (或主格代词 )＋分词、不定 式、 名词、 形容词、 副词或介词短语”构成， 在句中作状语， 通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。 Mary coming back，they discussed it together. 玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。 Good luck given，I will earn more money than all of you.运 气好的话，我挣得钱将比你们所有人挣(代词)＋be＋性质形容词＋不定式”结构中，形 容词说明不定式的特性，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语， 此时要用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 This sentence is not easy to explain. 这个句子不易解释。
专 题 2
考点 4 现在分词作结果状语 【真题解密】
【步步高·湖南专用】2014高考英语二轮 专题知识与增分策略：阅读理解第二部分 主旨大意题
考纲解读高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。
分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。
阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。
不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。
除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
考情分析纵观近几年各地英语试卷，阅读理解题有如下特点：1．突出语用，体裁多样，题材丰富阅读理解题体裁分布包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等，涉及的话题新颖广泛，体现了其多样化、现代化和生活化的特点，综合反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。
2．信息密集，句子优美，结构复杂阅读理解题每篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，要求准确迅速地从特定的语篇中有目的地获取信息。
阅读理解文章的句子原汁原味、语言地道、纯正优美，而且篇章结构和句子结构都有一定的难度。
各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段。
结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等也随处可见。
3．细节为主，推理随后，主旨突出阅读理解题型分布合理，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题几乎每年都考。
各个题型的分布已逐步成熟且趋于平稳。
阅读理解分为五大题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和篇章结构题。
考点1主旨大意之精确归纳标题真题解密Harvard researchers have created a tough，low-cost，biodegradable(可生物降解的) material inspired by insects’ hard outer shells.The material’s inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could provide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.The material，made from shrimp(虾) shells and proteins produced from silk，is called “shrilk”．It isthin，clear，flexible and strong.A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability.Plastic’s toughness and flexibility represented a revolution in materials science during the 1950s and ’60s.Decades later，however，plastic’s very durability(耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for one-time products such as plastic bags，or short-lived consumer goods，used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill，but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料)，and so will enrich the soil.Shrilk has great potential，the inventors said.Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature，found in everything ranging from shrimp shells，insect bodies to living plants.That makes shrilk low cost，and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said the material becomes flexible when wet，so they’re exploring ways to use it in wet environments.They’re also developing simpler production processes，which could be used for non-medical products，like for computer cases and other products inside the home.They’re even exploring combining it with other materials，like carbon fibers，to give it new properties. (2012·湖南，C) 66．Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilk’s ________.A．remarkable design B．interesting nameC．major features D．basic elements答案 C解析段落大意题。
【步步高·湖南专用】2014高考英语二轮【配套课件】专题知识与增分策略第四部分
第四部分
阅读简答答题技巧 一、怎样迅速寻找有相关信息的原文 我们可以根据题干中的关键信息，在原文中寻找与答案 相关的内容。 用来寻找原文的关键信息词通常有两种： 1．标志词定位。在题干中往往有一些比较有特点的标志 词，如数字、专有名词、大写字母等，我们可以利用这些词 的特点迅速找到相应的原文，然后根据重要信息，结合词数 要求，确定正确答案。 如(2013· 湖南，84)题干 How would Podell promote her project in New York？中的专有名词 New York 是一个具有标 志性的词， 这样可以直接到含有 New York 一词的倒数第二段
第四部分
题干：When did she become disabled？(No more than 8 words) [分析] 原文中说是当她十岁的时候， 所以最佳答案就是 When she was ten years old.或 In 1993.。 5．where 问句：以 where 开头的问句通常表示地点，要 用表示地点的状语或从句来回答。 如：He went to Beijing University.There he found his interests in biology. 题干：Where did he find his interests in biology？(No more than 8 words) [分析] 原文中的 there 指代的是 Beijing University。问 句以 where 开头所以答案为 In Beijing University.。
第四部分
Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor，Podell believes that talking things out is important in the decisionmaking process. Sometimes，people walk around all day，keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way.Podell simply tries to provide people with perspective. I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project.Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York，which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.
【步步高·湖南专用】2014高考英语二轮 专题知识与增分策略：阅读理解第二部分 推理判断题
考点8推理判断之细节判断题真题解密Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺)．Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall，but in any case，good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day！This shows how much we depend on water to live，but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher(洗碗机) only when it is full.Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away. (2013·安徽，B) 60．Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?A．Using river water.B．Throwing batteries away.C．Paving parking lots.D．Throwing rubbish into lakes.答案 C解析细节理解题。
【步步高·湖南专用】2014高考英语二轮【配套课件】专题知识与增分策略第一部分 专题七
专 题 7
【变式训练】 Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the
B women who________evening dress.
A．wear C．has worn B．wears
(2010· 大纲全国Ⅱ， 9)
D．have w
特殊句式
考点 1 关于祈使句的几个问题
A Before you quit your job，________ how your family would
feel about your decision. A．consider C．to consider B．considering D．considered (2012· 重庆，31)
解析
句意为：Barbara 很容易被辨认出来，因为她是唯一一
名穿晚礼服的妇女。 题干中先行词是 the only one， 故定语从句 中用单数谓语动词；再根据主句的谓语动词是一般现在时知， 从句也用一般现在时。
专 题 7
【知识生成】 1．主语后面有 as well as，with，along with，together with， including， but， except， in addition to， rather than， like， instead of，plus，as much as，more than 等连词或介词连接的词语时， 谓语动词的单复数与前面主语的单复数相一致。 Generally ， students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others is essential to their development. (2013· 江苏，21) 一般来说，别人对其期望值高的学生，他们的内在动机对他 们自身的发展是至关重要的。 The father，rather than the brothers，is responsible for the loss.损失的责任应由父亲而不是兄弟们来承担。