黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2017-2018学年高一上学期期中考试物理试题
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末物理试题

黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期末物理试题一、多选题1.下列四幅图涉及不同的物理知识,相关说法正确的是()A.图甲:卢瑟福通过分析α粒子散射实验结果发现了质子B.图乙:天然放射现象的发现说明原子内部有复杂结构,其中1为α射线C.图丙:密立根用油滴实验测出了元电荷的数值D.图丁:镉棒插入深一些可加快链式反应的速度二、单选题2.金华首届城市马拉松于2024年3月31日进行,比赛起点和终点均设在金华体育中心东门,全程42.195km,途径江南、金东、江北等地,下列说法正确的是()A .比赛从早上7:30开始,7:30是指时间间隔B .在记录某选手跑步轨迹的时候可以将选手视为质点C .某选手完成完整马拉松的位移是42.195kmD .某选手以2小时13分33秒的成绩夺冠,平均速度约为5.3m /s3.2023年8月25日,新一代人造太阳“中国环流三号”首次实现100万安培等离子体电流下的高约束模式运行,再次刷新中国磁约束聚变装置运行纪录。
核聚变和核裂变是两种核反应的形式。
下列关于核聚变和核裂变的说法正确的是( )A .核电站获得核能的典型核反应方程为2351448919256360U Ba Kr 2n →++B .核聚变反应可以自发进行,不需要任何条件C .核聚变和核裂变均放出能量D .我国的核电站都是采用核聚变发电的4.小爱同学发现了一张自己以前为研究机动车的运动情况而绘制的图像(如图)。
已知机动车运动轨迹是直线,则下列说法合理的是( )A .机动车处于匀加速状态B .机动车的初速度为10m /sC .机动车的加速度为22m/s -D .机动车在前3秒的位移是12m5.如图甲所示,用频率不同的两束光a 、b 分别照射同一光电管的阴极K ,得到的光电流与光电管两端电压的关系如图乙所示。
下列说法正确的是( )A .光电管两端电压越大,光电流就越大B .a 光的光子动量比b 光的动量大C .当电压为图乙中的U 0时,a 光照射强度一定大于b 光照射强度D .用a 光、b 光分别照射光电管时,b 光照射时逸出光电子的最大初动能比a 光照射时逸出光电子的最大初动能大6.如图所示为氢原子能级图,用频率为ν的单色光照射大量处于基态的氢原子,氢原子只辐射出频率分别为1ν、2ν、3ν的三种光子,且123ννν<<用该单色光照射到某新型材料上,逸出光电子的最大初动能与频率为2ν的光子能量相等。
2023-2024学年黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校高一上学期期中考试数学试题

2023-2024学年黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校高一上学期期中考试数学试题1. 已知集合A ={x|x ≤1},B ={−1,0,1,2},则A ∩B =( )A . {0,1,2}B . {x|x ≤2}C . {−1,0,1}D . [−1,1]2. 将23=8化为对数式正确的是( )A . log 23=8B . log 28=3C . log 82=3D . log 32=83. 函数y =a x −1a (a >0,且a ≠1)的图象可能是( )A .B .C .D .4. 已知函数f(x)=−x|x|,则在区间(0,+cx)上( )A . f(x)>0 恒成立B . f(x) 有最小值C . f(x) 单调递增D . f(x) 单调递减5. 已知函数f(x)为R 上的奇函数,当x ≥0时,f(x)=x 2−2x ,则当x <0时,f(x)的解析式为( )A . −x 2−2xB . −x 2+2xC . x 2+2xD .以上都不对6. 已知幂函数f(x)的图象过点(2,12),则函数g(x)=(x 2+3x +1)·f(x)在区间[12,1]上的最小值为( )A .3B .4C .5D .67. 在R 上定义新运算|abcd|=ad −bc ,若存在..实数x ∈[0,1],使得|x −4m1x|≥0成立,则m 的最大值为( )A . 0B . 1C . −3D . 38. 已知函数f(x)是定义域为R 的偶函数,且在(−∞,0]上单调递减,设g(x)=f(x +1),若a =g(−π),b =g(2−1),c =g(−1),则a ,b ,c 的大小关系为( )A . c <b <aB . a <b <cC . b <a <cD . c <a <b9. 已知1≤a −b ≤2,2≤a +b ≤4,则a 的取值可以为( )A.1 B.52C.3 D.410.下列说法正确的是()A.“ a>b”是“ |a|>|b|”的充分不必要条件B.命题“ ∃x∈(−3,+∞),x2≤9”的否定是“ ∀x∈(−3,+∞),x2>9”C.若a>b,则a3−b3>a2b−ab2D.若f(x)关于点(1,0)中心对称,则f(2−x)+f(x)=011.德国著名数学家狄利克雷在数学领域成就显著,是解析数论的创始人之一,以其命名的函数f(x)={1,x∈Q0,x∈C R Q,称为狄利克雷函数,则关于f(x),下列说法正确的是()A.f(√2)=1B.f(x)的定义城为RC.∀x∈R,f(f(x))=1D.f(x)为偶函数12.已知函数f(x)的定义域为D,若存在区间[m,n]⊆D使得f(x):(1)f(x)在[m,n]上是单调函数;(2)f(x)在[m,n]上的值域是[2m,2n],则称区间[m,n]为函数f(x)的“倍值区间”.下列函数中存在“倍值区间”的有()A.f(x)=x2B.f(x)=1xC.f(x)=x+1x D.f(x)=3xx2+113.已知函数f(x)=x2−2mx在[2,+∞)上单调递增,则实数m的取值范围为________.14.已知函数f(x)=x2−2x,x∈[0,b],且该函数的值域为[−1,3],则b的值为_____.15.设函数f(x)={x 12+1,x>02x,x≤0,则f(f(−4))=___________.16.哈尔滨某商场举办优惠酬宾赠券活动,购买百元以上单件商品可以使用优惠券一张,并且每天购物只能用一张优惠券.一名顾客得到三张优惠券,三张优惠券的具体优惠方式如下:优惠券1:若标价超过100元,则付款时减免标价的10%;优惠券2:若标价超过100元,则付款时减免20元;优惠券3:若标价超过100元,则超过100元的部分减免18%.如果顾客购买商品后,使用优惠券1比使用优惠券2、优惠券3减免的都多,那么你建议他购买的商品的标价可以是______元.17.已知集合A={x|a−2<x<a+2},集合B={x|12≤2x≤32};(1)若a=−1,求A∩B与(C R A)∪B;(2)若x∈A是x∈B的充分不必要条件,求a的取值范围.(x≠0,m,n∈R)且f(1)=3,f(2)=5.18.已知函数f(x)=mx2+nx(1)求f(x)的解析式;(2)证明f(x)在(1,+∞)上单调递增.19.已知定义在R上的函数f(x)满足∀x、y∈R,f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y);∀x>0,f(x)>0.(1)求f(0)的值;(2)证明f(x)是R上的增函数;(3)若f(a+2)<f(6−a),求a的取值范围.20.设函数f(x)=x2−(a+1)x+a,a∈R.(1)解关于x的不等式f(x)<0;(2)已知x∈[1,5]时,f(x)≥a−4恒成立,求a的取值范围.21.为减少空气污染,某市鼓励居民用电(减少粉尘),并采用分段计费的方法计算电费.当每个家庭月用电量不超过100千瓦时时,按每千瓦时0.57元计算;当月用电量超过100千瓦时时,其中的100千瓦时仍按原标准收费,超过的部分按每千瓦时0.5元计算.(1)设月用电x千瓦时时,应交电费y元,写出y关于x的函数关系式;(2)若某家庭一月份用电120千瓦时,则应交电费多少元?(3)若某家庭第一季度缴纳电费的情况如下表:22.已知指数函数y=a x(a>0,a≠1)在区间[1,2]上的最大值与最小值之和为6;(1)求a的值;(2)求f(x)=a2x+m·a x+1在[0,1]上的最大值,井将结果表示成一个关于m的分段函数g(m);(3)设ℎ(x)=a2xa2x+2,求ℎ(12023)+ℎ(22023)+⋯+ℎ(20222023)的值.。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2013-2014学年高二上学期期中考试物理试卷(带解析)

黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2013-2014学年高二上学期期中考试物理试卷1.下列说法正确的是()A.电荷处在电势越高的地方电势能越大B.电场中电场强度越大的地方,电势越高C.电势降落的方向必定是场强的方向D.处于静电平衡状态的导体内部场强处处为零【答案】D【解析】能大,A错误;电场强度与电势之间没有关系,电势是人为规定的,B错误;电势降落最快的方向为电场方向,电势降落方向有无数个,C错误;处于静电平衡状态下的导体内部的合场强为零,D正确;考点:考查了电势,电场强度,静电平衡2.关于电动势下列说法正确的是()A.当外电路断开时,路端电压不等于电源电动势B.用电压表直接测量电源两极得到的电压数值,实际上总略小于电源电动势的准确值C.电源电动势总等于内、外电路上的电压之和,所以它的数值与外电路的组成有关D.在电源内部,由正极到负极的方向为电动势的方向【答案】B【解析】试题分析:电源电动势等于外电路断路时路端电压,A错误;由于电压表内阻的存在,所以用电压表直接测量电源两极时,电压表内阻分压,测量值小于实际值,B正确;电源电动势在数值上等于内外电路电压之和,但是电动势的大小取决于电源的性质,C错误;电源外部电流从正极到负极,电源内部,电流从负极到正极,所以在电源内部从负极到正极的方向为电动势的方向,D错误;考点:考查了对电源电动势的理解3.将一根电阻丝接在某恒定电压的电源两端,电流做功的功率为P。
若将该电阻丝均匀地拉长为原来的两倍后再接入该电源。
则它的功率为()A.4P B.0.25P C.16P D.0.125P【答案】B【解析】试题分析:当电阻丝未拉长前当电阻丝均匀拉长2倍时,电阻变为B正确;考点:考查了电阻定律,电功率的计算4.如图所示,在某一真空空间,有一水平放置的理想平行板电容器充电后与电源断开,若正极板A 以固定直线00’为中心沿竖直方向作微小振幅的缓慢振动时,恰有一质量为m 带负电荷的粒子(不计重力)则带电粒子在电场区域内运动的轨迹是(设负极板B 固定不动,带电粒子始终不与极板相碰) ( )A .直线B .正弦曲线C .抛物线D .向着电场力方向偏转且加速度作周期性变化的曲线【答案】C【解析】即两极板间电场强度与两极板间的距离无关,当A 板做缓慢振动时,两极板间的电场强度恒定,所以粒子在电场中水平方向做匀速直线运动,在竖直方向做匀加速直线运动,即做类平抛运动,所以轨迹为抛物线,C 正确;考点:考查电容器的动态变化,带电粒子在电场中的偏转5.如图所示的电路中,电键S 1、S 2、S 3、S 4均闭合,C 是极板水平放置的平行板电容器,极板间悬浮着一油滴P ,欲使P 向下运动,应断开电键( )A.S 1 B .S 2 C .S 3 D .S 4【答案】C【解析】试题分析:原来P 静止,所以受到的重力与电场力平衡,要使P 下移,则电场力减小,根据公式果断开S 1和断开S 4,,电容器两板间的电压不变,场强不变,油滴所受的电场力不变,油滴仍处于平衡状态.AD 错误;断开S 2,电容器两板间的电压增大,稳定时,其电压等于电源的电动势,板间场强增大,油滴所受的电场力增大,油滴将向上运动.与题意不符,故B 错误.断开S 3,电容器两端电压为零,板间场强逐渐减小,油滴所受的电场力减小,油滴将向下运动.C 正确;考点:闭合电路的欧姆定律;电容.6.在图中的电路中,当滑动变阻器的滑动头向下滑动时,A 、B 两灯亮度的变化情况为( )A .A 灯和B 灯都变亮B .A 灯、B 灯都变暗C .A 灯变亮,B 灯变暗D .A 灯变暗,B 灯变亮【答案】B【解析】试题分析:滑动头向下滑动时,电阻变小,总电流变大,内电压变大,路端电压变小,A 灯变暗,A 的电流变小,另一支路电流变大,定值电阻分压变大,B 灯两端电压变小,B 灯都变暗,B 正确考点:考查动态变化问题的分析7.关于使用多用电表,下列说法正确的是 ( )A .测量前必须调整定位螺丝,使指针指零,而且每测一次电阻都要重新调零B .红表笔要插入“+”插孔,黑表笔要插入“-”插孔;此时红表笔与表内电池正极相连,黑表笔与表内电池负极相连C .测电阻时,表针偏转角度越大,待测电阻值越大D .选择欧姆档×10档并调零后,将两表笔与待测电阻相连,发现电表指针偏转角度太大,则应换用×1档,调零后再测【答案】D【解析】试题分析:在使用多用电表测量电阻时,调零后不是测量阻值不同的电阻时,都必须重新调零,而是每次换挡时必须调零,A 错误;多用电表是由表头通过串、并联相应电阻而改装的多用途表,通过闭合电路欧姆定律实现测量电阻的目的。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试化学试题

黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试化学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.2022年2月将举办中国历史上第一次冬季奥运会,滑雪是冬奥会的重点比赛项目。
下列滑雪用品涉及的材料中,属于金属材料的是A.雪板—— 聚乙烯B.滑雪杖—— 镁铝合金C.滑雪头盔—— 聚酯硬塑料D.防护镜—— 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯2.下列关于合金的说法中,正确的是A.合金的熔点一定比各成分金属的低B.在我国使用的最早的合金是钢C.镁铝合金的密度大、强度高,是制造飞机和宇宙飞船的理想材料D.稀土金属可以用作生产合金3.下雪时,常用融雪剂清理路面。
醋酸钾(CH3COOK)是常用的融雪剂,但对道路、混凝土构件、桥梁设施等有害,对植物生长也有影响,目前正在研究环保高效的融雪剂。
下列关于CH3COOK的叙述正确的是A.CH3COOK的相对分子质量为98 g∙mol−1B.CH3COOK的摩尔质量为98 gC.1 mol CH3COOK含有1.806×1024个H D.1 mol CH3COOK含有2 mol氧4.下列各组物质,前者属于电解质,后者属于非电解质的是A.H2SO4、CO2B.铜、二氧化硫C.NaCl、BaSO4D.漂粉精、氨气5.气体体积的大小,跟下列因素几乎无关的是()A.分子个数B.分子直径C.压强D.温度6.氧化还原反应与四种基本反应类型的关系如图所示,下列化学反应属于阴影3区域的是A .(NH 4)2CO 3Δ2NH 3↑+H 2O+CO 2↑B .4Fe(OH)2+O 2+2H 2O=4Fe(OH)3C .Fe 2O 3+3CO高温2Fe+3CO 2D .Mg+FeSO 4=MgSO 4+Fe7.X 、Y 、Z 是3种短周期元素,其中X 、Y 位于同一主族,Y 、Z 处于同一周期。
X 原子的最外层电子数是其电子层数的3倍。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试生物试题

哈尔滨市第九中学校2022-2023学年度高一上学期期中考试生物学科试卷(考试时间:90分钟满分:100分)I卷(选择题,45小题,共50分)一、单项选择题(共40小题,每题只有一个选项符合题意,1-40题每题1分,共40分)1.我国卫生部将猪流感病毒正式命名为甲型H1N1流感病毒,H和N分别指的是病毒表面两大类蛋白质——血细胞凝集素和神经氨酸酶,病毒结构如图所示。
下列叙述正确的是A.病毒表面的两类蛋白质是在类脂层内合成的B.该病毒的遗传信息储存在脱氧核苷酸的排列顺序中C.甲型H1N1流感病毒一定含有C、H、O、N、P化学元素D.利用高温等常规方法不能杀灭甲型H1N1流感病毒2.“春季,公园里空气新鲜、草色青翠、绿柳垂帘,树枝上黄鹂欢唱,碧空中燕子起舞,粉红的桃花林(一个品种的桃树)灿烂如云”,根据此段文字,分别符合生态系统、种群、个体、器官的描述是A.整个公园、一片桃花林、一只黄鹂、一株绿柳B.整个公园、一片桃花林、一只燕子、一朵桃花C.整个公园、所有青草、一只黄鹂、一朵桃花D.整个公园、所有桃树、一只燕子、一朵桃花3.夏季,人们由于饮食不洁易引起腹泻,其病原微生物主要是痢疾杆菌。
下列关于痢疾杆菌的叙述正确的是A.具有细胞膜和细胞壁,但没有生物膜系统B.痢疾杆菌是营腐生或寄生生活的自养生物C.痢疾杆菌有环状的DNA分子,具有染色体D.细胞中没有线粒体、核糖体等复杂的细胞器4.如图为用显微镜观察洋葱鳞片叶表皮的细胞结构,下列说法正确的是A.由低倍镜换上高倍镜后视野变暗,应通过粗准焦螺旋进行调节B.假如该图是用10×物镜与10×目镜观察标本,则看到图像的面积应该是实物的100倍C.在低倍镜下观察位于视野左下方某个细胞,在换高倍镜前应该把装片往左下方移动D.在制作洋葱鳞片叶表皮临时装片时不要把撕取的表皮细胞放在清水中以免细胞吸水涨破5.发菜是一种陆生固氮生物,可以将空气中的氮气还原成氨,合成氨基酸,同时具有强烈的旱生生态适应性,能在极度干燥的条件下存活数十年甚至上百年,复吸水后仍可恢复代谢活性。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语学科试卷

黑龙江省哈尔滨市第九中学校2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语学科试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读理解The best desks make it easy to work and learn from home We’ve selected some of the best desks to suit every lifestyle and officeCoavas Industrial Folding Desk $78.95If you’re looking for a simple, functional workspace that takes up small room, then the Coavas Industrial Folding Desk is the perfect solution. Yes, almost no assembly (组装) required — just fix the plastic board surface onto the black metal frame and you’re all set. The desk is conveniently transported.IKEA Pahl Desk $49.99The IKEA Pahl Desk is meant for children to use with them growing up, which can be adjusted to the maximum height of almost 28.5 inches. The design is clean and simple, perfect for anyone who just needs a large, flat workspace. And like many other IKEA products, the Pahl desk can be paired with other units like a desktop shelf or cabinet (柜) add-on.Latitude Run Sauve Floating Desk $160If your room is really jam-packed, a floating desk is a good option. They’re mounted to the wall and fold up when not in use Once the Latitude Run Sauve Floating Desk is folded out, it becomes a convenient surface for typing on a laptop, working on crafts or even eating meals. When you need space, just fold it backup and it becomes a chalkboard-fronted cabinet.Topsky Computer Desk $179.99The Topsky Computer Desk is our choice for best desk overall due to its combination of design and durability. The very large surface area is made of thick solid wooden board and the frame is made of strengthened steel. The feet are adjustable in case your floors are uneven.A handy shelf can hold books and other supplies, while a metal cable hole cover keeps computer wires organized and out of sight.1.What do Coavas Industrial Folding Desk and Latitude Run Sauve Floating Desk have in common?A.They are light.B.They save space.C.They have beautiful designs.D.They can be used as chalkboards. 2.Which type of table is suitable for kids?A.Coavas Industrial Folding Desk B.IKEA Pahl DeskC.Latitude Run Sauve Floating Desk D.Topsky Computer Desk.3.What can be known about the most expensive table?A.It is strong B.Its legs are thickC.Its shelf is adjustable.D.It has a metal surfaceIn 2000, Andrea Speranza achieved her dream of becoming a firefighter, joining the Halifax Regional Fire Service. Her job was exactly as satisfying as she imagined it would be, except for one thing: she still hadn’t seen another woman in her role-not in a magazine, not on television, not in real life. Even today, less than five percent of firefighters in Canada are women. Speranza decided that she wanted to help young women see that they, too, could have a career like hers.The result is Camp Courage, a program for girls aged 15 to 19 who want to learn more about firefighting in 2006. Speranzs and about 20 volunteers welcomed their first 17 participants. recruiting (招募) attendees through advertising in schools and recreation centers Over the course of eight days, the girls discovered the ins and outs of being first responders: learning how to put out fires, deliver first aid and even use the jaws of life (救生钳) on a car.Camp Courage now runs one session every year in Halifax and is free to attend. To offset costs, Speranza and her fellow campers fundraise by holding everything from car washes to comedy nights Hopeful campers must also submit an essay describing how they plan to help their community, or a specific individual in need. And they have to deliver on the plan-from building a bench (长椅) for a senior at a bus stop to launching a local chapter of the Kids Help Phone.Hundreds of girls have passed through Camp Courage, and 36 percent are doing exactly what 52-year-old Speranza hoped they would working as first responders across the country. This past summer, the camp held its first session for young women in Halifax, as well as its first national camp in Calgary-with plans to roll out more in 2023.4.What was probably Speranza’s wish in 2001?A.To see more female firefightersB.To make contact with more teenage girlsC.To be recruited to the Halifax Regional Fire Service.D.To work part-time m schools and recreation centers.5.What does the underlined part “ins and outs” in paragraph 2 mean?A.Risks B.Chances C.Details D.Purposes 6.What can be inferred about Camp Courage?A.It is a nonprofit international organization.B.It teaches the value of being helpful to others.C.It requires its campers to write an essay every week.D.It introduces boys and girls to the emergency services.7.Which of the following can best describe Speranza?A.ambitious and adventurous B.plain and patientC.intellectual and scholarly D.brave and inspiringClimate change is already affecting water access for people around the world causing more severe droughts and floods. Climate change impacts the water cycle by influencing when, where, and how much rain falls It also leads to more severe weather events over time. Increasing global temperatures causes water to rise into the air in larger amounts, which will lead to higher levels of atmospheric water vapor and more frequent, heavy, and intense rains in the coming years.Climate scientists predict that this change will lead to more floods since more water will fall than vegetation and soil can absorb. The remaining water, or runoff, flows into nearby waterways, picking up pollutants like fertilizers (肥料) on the way. Too much runoff eventually travels to larger bodies of water like lakes, and the ocean, damaging the water supply and limiting water access for humans and ecosystems.When fertilizers from farming wash into lakes and the ocean, they promote the rapid growth of algae (藻类). These resulting algal blooms fill waterways with clouds of green, blue-green, red, or brown algae. They block sunlight from reaching underwater life and reduce oxygen levels within the water Poisons from the algae can kill off fish and other aquatic animals, make people sick, and even kill humans. These poisons are especially dangerous because they can survive rainfall processes, making tap water unfit to consume once polluted. Algal blooms also impact industries that rely on the water for business, and often cause local waterfronts to shut down during blooms.There are many things that everyone can do to lessen the impact of climate change. Some measures include growing your own fruits and vegetables or buying locally grown produce, since produce is often transported to grocery stores from far away by trucks, which add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. You could also walk or bike instead of driving a car.8.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A.Global warming will lead to more water vapour and fewer rains in the planetB.Farmland remaining water makes some waters inaccessible for humans and ecosystems C.Algae blooms will promote the increase of oxygen levels within the water.D.Industries relying on the water for business will grow due to algal blooms.9.Which is not the result of more floods?A.The impact on humans and ecosystem.B.The pollution of lakes and oceans.C.The damage to water supply.D.The loss of farming soil.10.What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph?A.Master several techniques to do farming work.B.Purchase more foreign fruits and vegetables.C.Exercise regularly like walking or biking.D.Develop some habits of reducing carbon dioxide.11.What’s the best title for the text?A.Causes of Climate Change B.Ham Climate Change Does to Humans C.Impacts of Climate Change on Water Access D.Ways to Lessen the Impacts ofClimate ChangeFatty foods, or junk foods as they are popularly known as, are increasingly popular among Asia’s fast-food generation.Dr. Chang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a complete departure (背高) from the traditional diet of vegetables, rice and a little meat. “They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same amount of food, their calorie intake has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat, says Chang.Although on the whole Asians tend towards thinness, culture, namely Asians’ hospitality, is a reason for the fatness of today’s generation, according to Chang. “Asian people love food,”she says. “Eating and drinking have important social functions.” In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In the age of increasing wealth and remarkable consumption, ten-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.In the past people had four or more children --- now, they have only one or two, so they tend to spoil the kids, says Chang ”The easiest way is to give them ‘quality food.’ Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.”When describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chang says, ‘There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play. Children get fat because they don’t move, and eventually, they don’t want to move because they are too fat.Due to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to outdoor sports. “What do children do when watching TV or playing computer games? They eat chocolate and drink Coke,” says Chang12.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A.Asian people tend to save more money.B.Asian children depart from their diet tradition.C.Asian children eat big meals on more occasionsD.Culture contributes to the fatness of Asian children.13.According to this passage, the “quality food” some parents give their children is actually ________.A.healthy food B.qualified food C.delicious food D.high-calorie food14.Some parents feel bad when their children look thin because ________..A.their children don’t love eating and drinkB.their children don’t have a good physical conditionC.they feel that they are not taking good care of their childrenD.they feel that they are not wealthy enough to afford “quality food”15.The purpose of this article is to ________.A.compare the traditional Asian diet with today’s diet of Asian childrenB.find reasons for increasing food consumption of Asian peopleC.explain why many Asian children are overweight nowadaysD.prove the relationship between fatness and indoor play二、七选五Translation is an essential tool for effective communication. A common way of getting any translation done is to turn to human translators. However, machine translators have developed rapidly in recent years. Many people claim that they will replace human translators soon. 16Machines may fail to understand culture properly. Different cultures have different words that are unique to that specific culture. Machines cannot understand or recognize idioms, slang, and allusions (典故). 17 By contrast, human translators can find the suitable equivalent (对应物) in the target language based on the cultural background.18 In different languages, there are words with various meanings, which can bea significant problem for machine translators. These words have to be placed in context to determine their true meanings and in many cases only human translators can do this. If you run a document with this kind of words through a machine translator, it may lead to inaccurate translations.It is difficult to localize machines for different languages.New phrases are being developed in almost all languages. 19 If you feed new words into a machine translator, the machine might go “speechless” , trying to come up with the most appropriate way to translate the strange combination of words. Human translators, on the other hand, can pick up on the development in a language quickly.It’s difficult for machines to distinguish style and tone. Every written document has a different style and tone. A document can have poetic, funny or persuasive style and tone. Machine translators may lose the intended style and tone existing in the original document.20 And such a translation can hardly resonate (引起共鸣) with the person who reads it.A.Machines can’t relate words to the context.B.Machines can’t remember words of all languagesC.It doesn’t actually hold up for some reasons.D.Thus the result is a flat and soulless translation.E.Machine translators are unable to catch these changes in time.F.This is one challenge they may find very difficult to overcome.G.Machine translators are becoming more and more popular these days.三、完形填空On June 14, 2022, Mia Samolinski was driving a Subaru Outback in the parking lot when she stepped on the gas pedal (油门) instead of the brake (刹车) and drove into the water.incident and dove into the water after making an emergency call.Samolinski was at risk of 23 . The 18-year-old high schooler was desperately banging (猛敲) on the door and window with all the 24 trying to break the window.“ 25 that got me nervous, scared for her,” said Zhongor, “so I just dove into the water.” He swam to the car, but with no time to spare, he had to 26 how to get Samolinski out of the vehicle. They both tried to unlock the door, but with no 27 , they had to find another way. That was when Zhongor realized he could use his own 28 . His body successfully made the 29 of the car go deeper into the water, which helped 30 the back end. Samolinski opened the back door and managed to 31 . They swam to shore together. Samolinski was so 32 that she couldn’t help crying, but luckily, they both weren’t injured.“It doesn’t matter who it was, they were in an 33 situation,” said the 17-year-old hero. “I couldn’t watch anybody 34 in front of me.”35 , it turned out they both attended Patchogue-Medford High School, but they had no idea they were schoolmates.21.A.happened B.appeared C.changed D.turned 22.A.reported B.prevented C.witnessed D.recalled 23.A.starving B.dying C.escaping D.bleeding 24.A.confusion B.passion C.quality D.strength 25.A.At last B.As usual C.Of course D.For example 26.A.worry about B.talk about C.speak out D.figure out 27.A.aim B.luck C.proof D.secret 28.A.weight B.enthusiasm C.imagination D.height 29.A.bottom B.window C.nose D.wheel 30.A.reach B.balance C.protect D.lift 31.A.stand B.escape C.hide D.participate32.A.frightened B.excited C.ashamed D.disappointed 33.A.unavoidable B.similar C.alarming D.embarrassing 34.A.suffer B.cheat C.relax D.complain 35.A.Confusingly B.Obviously C.Responsibly D.Interestingly四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2022年黑龙江哈尔滨市第九中学物理高一第一学期期末经典模拟试题含解析

2022-2023学年高一上物理期末模拟试卷注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
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一、选择题(本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确.全部选对的得5分,选不全的得3分,有选错的或不答的得0分)1、已知力F 的大小为10N ,要把它分解成两个力,以下关于两分力大小不可能的是( )A.6N ,6NB.3N ,4NC.100N ,100ND.428N ,419N2、如图,一小球通过细绳悬挂于车厢顶上,车厢在水平轨道上做直线运动,小球相对车厢静止,细绳与竖直方向夹角为α,则车厢的加速度( )A.tan a g α=,方向水平向右B.tan a g α=,方向水平向左C.sin a g α=,方向水平向右D.sin a g α=,方向水平向左3、在交通事故分析中,刹车线的长度是很重要的依据,刹车线是汽车刹车后,停止转动的轮胎在地面上滑动时留下的痕迹,在某次交通事故中,汽车的刹车线长度是14m ,假设汽车刹车时的加速度大小为27m/s ,则汽车开始刹车时的速度为()A.7m/sB.10m/sC.20m/sD.14m/s4、下列说法中正确的是( )A.我们早上第一节课是7时30分开始,这个“7时30分”表示一段时间B.研究某学生骑自行车回校的速度不可以把学生看成质点C.“太阳从东方升起.”太阳的运动是以地球作为参考系D.力学中的三个基本单位是:长度单位m 、时间单位s 、速度单位m/s5、如图所示,物体A 的质量为m A ,放在光滑水平桌面上,如果在绳的另一端通过一个滑轮加竖直向下的力F ,则A 运动的加速度为a .将力去掉,改系一物体B ,B 的重力和F 的值相等,那么A 物体的加速度( )图3-5-10A.仍为aB.比a 小C.比a 大D.无法判断6、一辆玩具车运动的v-t 图象如图所示,下列说法正确的是A.2s 末玩具车运动的速度大小为10m/sB.在0~2s 内玩具车运动的加速度大小为10m/s 2C.在0~4s 内玩具车先做匀加速直线运动后静止D.在0~4s 内玩具车运动的位移大小为20m7、物体水平面上做直线运动,其速度时间图像如图所示,则:A.物体在前2s 内做匀加速直线运动,加速度为22/m sB.物体在第7s 到第12s 内做匀变速直线运动C.物体在第12s 内的位移为0.75mD.物体在前12s 内的路程为15m8、在下图所示的四个图象中,表示物体做匀速直线运动的图象是( ) A. B. C. D.9、地面上有一个质量为M 的重物,用力F 向上提它,力F 的变化将引起物体加速度的变化.已知物体的加速度a 随力F 变化的函数图像如图所示,则( )A.图线斜率大小等于物体的质量大小B.当F =F 0时,作用力F 与重力Mg 大小相等C.物体向上运动的加速度与作用力F 成正比D.a′的绝对值等于该地的重力加速度g 的大小10、如图,一个质量为1m =kg 的小球在光滑水平面上运动,0=t 时刻小球经过坐标原点O ,速度方向与x 轴正方向的夹角为030,速度大小为02v =m/s ,此刻开始对球施加一个沿y 轴负方向的水平恒力F ,已知2F =N .下述判断正确的是( )A.此后小球运动的最小速度为3m/sB.此后小球的速度先增大后减小C.小球再次经过x轴所需的时间为0.5sD.小球的运动轨迹应为抛物线11、小船在静水中的速度为3m/s,它在一条宽为150m,水流速度为5m/s的河中渡河,下列说法正确的是()A.小船能到达正对岸B.渡河的最短时间为50sC.以最短位移渡河,小船的渡河时间为62.5sD.以最短时间渡河,小船的渡河位移为250m12、某同学用水平力推教室的讲台,但没推动,下列说法正确的是A.推力小于摩擦力B.推力小于讲台所受合力C.讲台所受合外力为零D.推力小于或等于讲台最大静摩擦力二.填空题(每小题6分,共18分)13、用图(a)的装置“验证牛顿第二定律”时有两个“巧妙”的设计,一是要求小车的质量远大于砂和砂桶的质量之和;二是对小车要进行“平衡摩擦力”操作.回答下列问题:(1)实验要求“小车质量远大于砂和砂桶质量之和”的目的是________________________________(2)对小车进行“平衡摩擦力”操作时,下列必须进行的是_______(填字母序号)A.取下砂和砂桶B.在空砂桶的牵引下,轻推一下小车,小车能做匀速直线运动C.小车拖着穿过打点计时器的纸带做匀速运动时,打点计时器的电源应断开D.把长木板没有定滑轮的一端垫起适当高度(3)在满足实验条件下,某同学得到了如图(b)的图线(M为小车和砝码的总质量),图线在纵轴上截距不为零的原因是_______________14、在“探究加速度与力、质量的关系”的实验中,采用如图甲所示的装置(1)本实验主要应用的方法是_______A.控制变量法B.假设法C.理想实验法D.类比法(2)实验中,需要平衡摩擦力和其它阻力,正确的操作方法是把长木板右端垫高,在______(选填“挂”或“不挂”)砝码和砝码盘、小车______(选填“拖”或“不拖”)纸带、打点计时器______(选填“打点”或“不打点”)的情况下,轻推一下小车,若小车做匀速运动,则表明已经消除了摩擦力和其它阻力的影响(3)在某次实验中,打出了一条纸带如图乙所示.计时器打点的时间间隔为0.02s,且相邻两个计数点之间有4个点未画出.经测量得出各计数点间的距离如图所示.则小车的加速度a=________m/s2(结果保留两位有效数字)(4)在探究加速度与力关系时,可认为细线对小车的拉力等于砝码和砝码盘的重力.某同学根据测量数据作出的a-F 图像如图丙所示.由此推断该实验主要存在的两个问题是:①______________________________________________;②_____________________________________________________15、如图A.为“用DIS研究物体的加速度与质量的关系”实验装置(1)实验中应保持轨道___________且摩擦力足够小;为了研究小车的加速度与质量的关系,应保持_______________不变(2)若测得小车和发射器的总质量为0.3千克,则跨过滑轮的细绳下悬挂的钩码质量最适合用()A.20克B.50克C.100克D.200克(3)某同学用正确的实验方法测得实验数据,作出a-m图线如图B..他观察到a-m图线为曲线,于是得出物体的加速度与质量成反比.你认为他的做法正确吗?如果认为正确,请说明理由.如果认为不正确,请给出正确的处理方法_______________三.计算题(22分)16、(12分)如图所示,传送带与平板紧靠在一起,且上表面在同一水平面内,两者长度分别为L1=3 m、L2=1 m.传送带始终以速度v0=4m/s向右匀速运动.现有一滑块(可视为质点)以速度v1=6 m/s滑上传送带的左端,然后平稳地滑上平板.已知:滑块与传送带间的动摩擦因数μ = 0.5,滑块与平板、平板与地面间的动摩擦因数分别为μ1=0.4, μ2 =0.3,滑块、平板的质量均为m=1 kg,g=10m/s2.求:(1)滑块滑离传送带时的速度大小;(2)判断滑块能否离开平板,如果能离开,请计算出离开平板时的速度大小。
哈尔滨市第九中学高一下学期期中考试语文试题

哈尔滨市第九中学高一下学期期中考试语文试题[说明:本套试卷分为Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷。
共150分。
Ⅱ卷试题答在答题纸上。
答题时间为120分钟。
]Ⅰ卷(40分)一、基础题:(15分)1、下列各项中加粗字的注音有两处错误的一项是()A.肤浅(fú)戛然而止(gá)剽窃(piáo)屡见不鲜(xiǎn)B.嫉妒(jí)纤尘不染(xiān)处境(chǔ)载歌载舞(zǎi)C.炽热(zhì)琅琅上口(láng)琐屑(xiè)强劲峭拔(jìn)D.回溯(sù)仓皇失措(cāng)中肯(zhîng)鳞次栉比(zhì)2、下列各项中含有错别字的一项是()A.留连流连忘返精美绝伦美轮美奂B.端睨初露端倪奋笔直书愤世嫉俗C.契约挈妇将雏相辅相承一脉相承D.企图不可企及请君入瓮高屋建瓴3、依次填入各句中横线上的词语,最恰当的一组是()①、据战士们说,每次听王连长作报告,总是____________匪浅。
②、对于在抗洪救灾中只顾小家,不顾大家,_____________贪生怕死,临阵脱逃的党员干部,要坚决查处。
③、我们可以自豪地说:“多年来企图孤立、_________中国的阴谋已经破产。
”④、寺院里有几棵银杏树,枝繁叶茂的,看上去它们的_________足有上千岁。
A.受益以至遏制年龄B.收益以致遏止年纪C.受益以致遏制年纪D.收益以至遏止年龄4、下列句子中,加粗成语使用正确的一句是()A.那是一张两人的合影,左边是一位英俊的解放军战士,右边是一位文弱的莘莘学子。
B.告别时,他这个服装个体户非要送我几件高档衣服不可,真是大方之家。
C.爸爸是乐队指挥,妈妈是歌唱家,平时耳闻目睹,多方接触,所以他也爱好音乐。
D.附庸风雅的人,不去学野蛮,却来学风雅,也总算有心向善,无可厚非。
5.下列各句没有语病,句意明确的一句是()A.经过深入开展学雷锋创三好活动,使我们的思想有了很大的提高。
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一.选择题(本题共14小题,每小题4分,共56分其中1~10题只有一个选项正确,11~14题有多个选项正确。
多选题全部选对的得4分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的得0分。
)1.下列说法正确的是( )A.物体的速度为零时,加速度一定为零B.位移、速度、加速度、力都是矢量,进行矢量运算时遵循平行四边形法则C.均匀木球的重心在球心,挖去球心部分后,大球就没有重心了D.篮球在空中的轨迹是曲线,说明篮球所受的重力方向发生了改变 2.关于摩擦力,下列说法正确的是( ) A.摩擦力只可能使物体减速,不可能使物体加速 B.静摩擦力的大小与接触面的正压力成正比C.滑动摩擦力的方向总是沿着接触面并且跟物体的相对运动方向相反D.静止的物体不可能受到滑动摩擦力 3.下列说法中正确的是( )A.弹力的大小只跟物体的形变量有关,形变量越大,弹力越大B.由F k x =可知,劲度系数k 与弹力F 成正比C.由=NF F μ可知,动摩擦因数μ与摩擦力F 成正比,与压力F N 成反比D.桌面受到水杯向下的压力,是由于水杯发生形变而产生的4.如图所示,一架梯子斜靠在光滑的竖直墙上,下端放在水平粗糙的地面上,关于梯子受力判断正确的是()A. 梯子受到两个竖直的力,一个水平的力B. 梯子受到一个竖直的力,两个水平的力C. 梯子受到两个竖直的力,两个水平的力D. 梯子受到三个竖直的力,两个水平的力5.一根轻质弹簧一端固定,用大小为F 1的力压弹簧的另一端,平衡时长度为为l 1:改用大小为F 2的力拉弹簧,平衡时长度为l 2,弹簧的拉伸或压缩均在弹性限度内,该弹簧的劲度系数为( ) A.2121F F l l +- B.2121+F F l l + C.2112F F l l +- D.2121+F F l l -6.甲物体的质量是一物体质量的5倍,甲从5m 高处自由下落,乙从10m 高处同时自由落下,不计空气阻力,以下几种说法正确的是( ) A.两物体下落过程中,同一时刻甲的速率比乙大 B.下落过程中,1秒末它们的速度相等 C.两物体同时落地D.下落过程中甲的加速度比乙的大7.在同一地点间隔1s 的时间先后将两个小球均以30m/s 的速度竖直向上抛出,不计空气阻力,g =10m/s 2.以第一个小球抛出时为0时刻,则两小球在空中相遇的时间为( ) A.3s B.3.25s C.3.5s D.3.75s8.一个从静止开始做匀加速直线运动的物体,从开始运动起,连续通过三段位移的时间分别是1s 、2s 、3s ,这一段位移的长度之比和这一段位移的平均速度之比分别是( ) A.221:2:3,1:2:3 B.1:8:27,1:4:9 C.1:2:3,1:1:1 D.1:3:5,1:2:39.下列四副图片展现的是传送带的传动方式,主动轮均为逆时针转动,你认为那种传动方式是正确的并且传动效果最好()10.一个物体以初速度v 0沿光滑斜面向上运动,其速度v 随时间t 变化的规律如图所示,在连续两段时间m 和n 内对应面积均为S ,设经过b 时刻v b 的大小为( )A.22()()mn sM n m n++ B.22()()m n mn sM n ++ C.()m n s m n- D.22()mn s m n+11.伽利略对自由落体运动的研究,是科学实验和逻辑思维的完美结合,对这一过程的分析,下列说法正确的是( )A.运用逻辑推理的方法否定了亚里士多德关于重的物体下落的快,轻的物体下落的慢的论断B.提出了落体运动一定是一种最简单的变速运动,即加速度随时间应该是均匀变化的C.通过对斜面上小球运动的研究,得出小球沿斜面滚下的运动是匀加速直线运动,合理外推出当倾角增大到90°时,即自由落体运动也会保持匀加速运动的性质D.伽利略通过数学推演并用小球在斜面上运动验证了位移与时间的平方成正比12.甲、乙两物体在同一地点同时开始做直线运动的v-t图象如图所示,根据图象提供的信息可知( )A.6s末乙追上甲B.在乙追上甲之间,甲乙相距最远为10mC.8s末甲乙两物体相遇,且离出发点有32mD.在0~4s内与4~6s内甲的平均速度相等13.下列说法中正确的是( )A.自然界中所有的相互作用都可归纳为四种基本相互作用B.在四种基本相互作用中,万有引力是最弱的C.四种基本相互作用的规律是完全独立的,不可能再统一了D.万有引力和电磁力是长程力,强相互作用和弱相互作用是短程力14.如图所示是剪式千斤顶,当摇动把手时,螺纹轴就能迫使千斤顶的两臂靠拢,从而将汽车顶起.当车轮刚被顶起时汽车对千斤顶的压力为l.0×105N,此时千斤顶两臂间的夹角为120°.则下列判断正确的是()A.此时两臂受到的压力大小均为1.0×105NB.此时千斤顶对汽车的支持力为2.0×105NC.若继续摇动把手,将汽车顶起,两臂受到的压力将增大D.若继续摇动把手,将汽车顶起,两臂受到的压力将减小二、实验题(本题共2小题,共14分)15.(6分)关于“探究小车速度随时间变化的规律”这一实验,(1)下列说法正确的是A.在释放小车前,小车应紧靠在打点计时器处B.应先接通电源,待打点计时器打点稳定后再释放小车C.打点计时器应接在低压直流电源上D.必须选择点迹清晰的纸带,且应以打点计时器打下的第一个点为第一个计数点E.画v-t图象时,应先描点后连线,并且要把描出的所有点都连接起来(2)如图为一次记录小车运动情况的纸带,图中A,B,C,D,E为计数点,相邻计数点间还有4个点(图中未标出),计算B计数点的瞬时速度v B= m/s,小车的加速度a=m/s2(计算结果保留3位有效数字)14. (8分)某同学利用光电传感器设计了测定重力加速度的实验,实验装置如图1所示,实验器材有铁架台、光电计时器、小钢球等.铁架台上端固定一个电磁铁,通电时,小钢球被吸在电磁铁上,断电时,小钢球自由下落.(1)先将光电门固定在A处,光电计时器记录下小球经过光电门的时间△t0,量出小球释放点距A的距离为h0,测出小球的直径d(d远小于h0).则小球运动到光电门处的瞬时速度v= ,当地的重力加速度为g= .(用题中所给字母表示)(2)若某次实验时光电计时器记录下小钢球经过光电门的时间为0.5△t0,请你判断此时光电门距A处的距离△h= .(用(1)中所给字母表示)(3)由于直尺的长度限制,该同学改测光电门位置与其正上方固定点P(图中未画出)之间的距离h,并记录小球通过光电门的时间△t.移动光电门在竖直杆上的位置,进行多次实验.利用实验数据绘制出如图2所示的图象,已知图象斜率为k,纵截距为b,根据图象可知重力加速度g= .三、计算题(本题4小题,共40分。
要有必要的文字说明和公式,书写规范)17.(8分)重量为700N的雪橇放在水平雪地上,至少要用245N的水平拉力,雪橇才能从原地开始滑动.开始滑动后,用210N的水平拉力,就可以使雪橇继续匀速滑动.(1)画出雪橇(在提卡上用正方形代替)所受重力的图示;(2)求上述过程中,雪橇所受静摩擦力的大小变化范围; (3)计算雪橇与雪地之间的动摩擦因数.18.(10分) 某人站在高楼的平台边缘,以20m/s 的初速度竖直向上抛出一石子,不考虑空气阻力,g 取10m/s 2,则:(1)物体上升过程中的平均速度是多少?(2)石子从抛出到下落至抛出点正下方60m 所需的时间是多少?19.(16分)目标停车是驾考中的一个必考题目,其过程可简化为如图所示的模型:在一条平直公路上有A 、B 、C 、D 四个停车标志杆,每相邻两个停车标志杆之间的距离为△x =16m ,某次测试时,学员甲正在以v 0=20m/s 的速度驾驶汽车匀速行驶,学员乙坐在车后排观察并记录时间.当车头到达O 点时,车外考官发出停车指令,学员乙立即用表秒开始计时.学员甲经过△t =0.5s 的反应时间后开始刹车,刹车后开始做匀减速直线运动.学员乙记录自己通过B 杆时秒表的读数为t 1=5.5s ,汽车停止运动时车头距离D 杆还有L =5m 远,已知OA 间的距离x =67m.求:(1)汽车在学员甲反应时间内行驶的距离s ; (2)汽车刹车时的加速度大小; (3)学员乙与车头的距离d .20.(6分)由胡克定律我们知道,在弹性限度内,弹簧弹力F 与弹簧的伸长或缩短量x 成正比,并且不同弹簧,其劲度系数为k 1、k 2的轻弹簧A 和B .若将它们串联成一根轻弹簧C ,现探究轻弹簧C 的劲度系数k 与k 1、k 2的关系. 同学甲猜想k =k 1+k 2,同学乙认为12111k k k =+,其中哪一位同学的看法是正确的?请判断,并写出判断的依据.参考答案一.选择题15.(6分)(1)AB (2)1.02 5.40 16. (8分) (1)d t ∆,22002dh t ∆ (2)4h 0 (3)22k d三、计算题17.(8分)(1)如图 (3分)(2)静摩擦力的范围为:0至245N (2分) (3)根据N f F μ=可知:动摩擦因数210=0.3700f m gμ== (3分)18.(10分)解:(1)物体上升过程中做匀减速直线运动,则平均速度为010m /s 2v v v +== (4分)(2)以竖直向上为正方向,由题意可得:v 0=20m/s ,a =-g =-10m/s 2,x =-60m , 由匀变速直线运动的位移公式得:2012h v t g t -=-(3分)即:216020102t t -=-⨯⨯解得:6t s =;(另一负值舍去) (3分) 19.(16分)解:(1)010m s v t =⨯∆= (4分)(2)2002(3)v a x s x L -=--+∆- (4分)a =2m/s 2 (2分)(3)201()()2d x x s v t t a t t ++∆-=-∆--∆ (4分)d =2m (2分)20.(6分)(1)乙同学的猜想是对的 (1分)当新弹簧所受拉力为F 时,其中A 弹簧的伸长量11F x k =(1分)B 弹簧的伸长量22F x k =(1分)而弹簧C 的劲度系数12F k x x =+ (2分)可得:12111kk k =+(1分)。