大学英语2019年6月六级真题第3套
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point. Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：2019年6月六级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套（即第三套）的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Millions of Americans are entering their 60s and are more concerned than ever about retirement. They know they need to save, but how much? And what exactly are they saving for—to spend more time 36 the grandkids, go traveling, or start another career? It turns out that husbands and wives may have 37 different ideas about, the subject.The deepest divide is in the way spouses envisage their lifestyle in their later years. Fidelity Investments Inc. found 41 percent of the 500 couples it surveyed 38 on whether both or at least one spouse will work in retirement. Wives are generally right regarding their husbands’ retirement age, but men 39 the age their wives will be when they stop working. And husbands are slightly more 40 about their standard of living than wives are.Busy juggling (穷于应付) careers and families, most couples don’t take the time to sit down,41 or together, and think about what they would like to do 5,10 or 20 years from now. They42 they are on the same page, but the 43 is they have avoided even talking about it.If you are self-employed or in a job that doesn’t have a standard retirement age, you may be more apt to delay thinking about these issues. It is often a 44 retirement date that provides the catalyst (催化剂) to start planning. Getting laid off or accepting an early-retirement 45 can force your hand. But don’t wait until you get a severance (遣散费) check to begin planning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.What If Middle-Class Jobs Disappear?A) The most recent recession in the United States began in December 2007 and ended in June 2009, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research. However, two years after the official end of the recession, few Americans would say that economic troubles are behind us. The unemployment rate, in particular, remains above 9%. Some labor market indicators, such as the proportion of long-term unemployed, are worse now than for any postwar recession.B) There are two widely circulated narratives to explain what’s going on. The Keynesian narrative is that there has been a major drop in aggregate demand. According to this narrative, the slump can be largely cured by using monetary and fiscal (财政的) stimulus. The main anti-Keynesian narrative is that businesses are suffering from uncertainty and over-regulation. According to this narrative, the slump can be cured by having the government commit to and follow a more hands-off approach.C) I want to suggest a third interpretation. Without ruling out a role for aggregate demand or for the regulatory environment, I wish to suggest that structural change is an important factor in the current rate of high unemployment. The economy is in a state of transition, in which the middle-class jobs that emerged after World War II have begun to decline. As Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee put it in a recent e-book Race Against the Machine : “The root of our problems is not that we’re in a great recession, or a great stagnation (停滞), but rather that we are in the early throes (阵痛) of a great restructuring.”D) In fact, I believe the Great Depression of the 1930s can also be interpreted in part as an economic transition. The impact of the internal combustion engine (内燃机) and the small electric motor on farming and manufacturing reduced the value of uneducated laborers. Instead, by the 1950s, a middle class of largely clerical (从事文秘工作的) workers was the most significant part of the labor force.Between 1930 and 1950, the United States economy underwent a great transition. Demand fell for human effort such as lifting, squeezing, and hammering. Demand increased for workers whocould read and follow directions. The evolutionary process eventually changed us from a nation of laborers to a nation of clerks.E) The proportion of employment classified as “clerical workers” grew from 5.2% in 1910 to a peak of 19.3% in 1980. (However, by 2000 this proportion had edged down to 17.4%.) Overall, workers classified as clerical workers, technical workers, managers and officials exceeded 50% of the labor force by 2000. Corresponding declines took place in the manual occupations. Workers classified as laborers, other than farm hands or miners, peaked at 11.4% of the labor force in 1920 but were barely 6% by 1950 and less than 4% by 2000. Farmers and farm laborers fell from 33% of the labor force in 1910 to less than 15% by 1950 and only 1.2% in 2000.F) The introduction of the tractor and improvements in the factory rapidly reduced the demand for uneducated workers. By the 1930s, a marginal farm hand could not produce enough to justify his employment. Sharecropping, never much better than a subsistence occupation, was no longer viable (可行的). Meanwhile, machines were replacing manufacturing occupations like cigar rolling and glass blowing for light bulbs.G) The structural-transition interpretation of the unemployment problem of the 1930s would be that the demand for uneducated workers in the United States had fallen, but the supply remained high. The high school graduation rate was only 8.8% in 1912 and still just 29% in 1931. By 1950, it had reached 59%. With a new generation of workers who had completed high school, the mismatch between skills and jobs had been greatly reduced.H) What took place after World War II was not the revival of a 1920s economy, with its small farming units, urban manufacturing, and plurality of laborers. Instead, the 1950s saw the creation of a new suburban economy, with a plurality of white-collar workers. With an expanded transportation and communications infrastructure (基础设施), businesses needed telephone operators, shipping clerks and similar occupations. If you could read, follow simple instructions, and settle into a routine, you could find a job in the post-war economy.I) The trend away from manual labor has continued. Even within the manufacturing sector, the share of production and non-supervisory workers in manufacturing employment went from over 85% just after World War [I to less than 70% in more recent years. To put this another way, the proportion of white-collar work in manufacturing has doubled over the past 50 years. On the factory floor itself, work has become less physically demanding. Instead, it requires more cognitive skills and the ability to understand and carry out well-defined procedures.J) As noted earlier, the proportion of clerical workers in the economy peaked in 1980. By that date, computers and advanced communications equipment had already begun to affect telephone operations and banking. The rise of the personal computer, and the Internet has widened the impact of these technologies to include nearly every business and industry.K) The economy today differs from that of a generation ago. Mortgage and consumer loan underwriters (风险评估人) have been replaced by credit scoring. Record stores have been replacedby music downloads. Book stores are closing, while sales of books on electronic readers have increased. Data entry has been moved off shore. Routine customer support also has been outsourced (外包) overseas.L) These trends serve to limit the availability of well-defined jobs. If a job can be characterized by a precise set of instructions, then that job is a candidate to be automated or outsourced to modestly educated workers in developing countries. The result is what David Autor calls the polarization of the American job market.M) Using the latest Census Bureau data, Matthew Slaughter found that from 2000 to 2010 the real earnings of college graduates (with no advanced degree) fell by more in percentage terms than the earnings of high school graduates. In fact, over this period the only education category to show an increase in earnings was those with advanced degrees.N) The outlook for mid-skill jobs would not appear to be bright. Communications technology and computer intelligence continue to improve, putting more occupations at risk. For example, many people earn a living as drivers, including trucks and taxicabs. However, the age of driverless vehicles appears to be moving closer. Another example is in the field of education. In the fall of 2011, an experiment with an online course in artificial intelligence conducted by two Stanford professors drew tens of thousands of registrants (报名者). This increases the student-teacher ratio by a factor of close to a thousand. Imagine the number of teaching jobs that might be eliminated if this could be done for math, economics, chemistry, and so on.O) It’s important to bear in mind that when we offer a structural interpretation of unemployment, a “loss of jobs”means an increase in productivity. Traditionally, economists have argued that productivity increases are a good thing, even though they may cause unemployment for some workers in the short run. In the long run, the economy does not run out .of jobs. Rather, new jobs emerge as old jobs disappear. The story we tell is that average well-being rises, and the more people are able to adapt, the more widespread the improvement becomes.46. Even factory floor work today has become intellectually challenging rather than physicallydemanding.47. Increases in productivity prove beneficial though some people may lose their jobs temporarily.48. The unemployment rate remained high even two years after the government declared the recentrecession was over.49. The author suggests that the recent high unemployment rate is mainly caused by a decrease ofmiddleclass jobs.50. The creation of a suburban economy in the 1950s created lots of office jobs.51. In the first decade of the 21st century, only people with postgraduate degrees experienced anincrease in earnings.52. One economics theory suggests using monetary and fiscal stimulus to cope with an economicrecession.53. The popularity of online courses may eliminate many teaching jobs.54. Computer technology has brought about revolutionary changes in the record and book business.55. White-collar workers accounted for more than half of the labor force by the end of the 20thcentury.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.“Deep reading”—as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web—is an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its disappearance would jeopardize the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to understand them.Recent research in cognitive science and psychology has demonstrated that deep reading—slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity—is a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book’s lack of hyperlinks (超链接), for example, frees the reader from making decisions—Should I click on this link or not?—allowing her to remain fully immersed in the narrative.That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, indirect reference and figures of speech: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy (认同).None of this is likely to happen when we’re browsing through a website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading, we do on the Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the “digital natives” to whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example, Britain’s National Literacy Trust released the results of a study of 34,910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.注意;此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2019年6月六级模拟题第三套
Ｐａｒｔ ＩＩＩ
Ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ
(４０ ｍｉｎｕｔｅｓ)
Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ａ
Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ， ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ ａ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｅｎ ｂｌａｎｋｓ． Ｙｏｕ ａｒｅ ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｓｅｌｅｃｔ ｏｎｅ ｗｏｒｄ ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈ ｂｌａｎｋ ｆｒｏｍ ａ ｌｉｓｔ ｏｆ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｉｎ ａ ｗｏｒｄ ｂａｎｋ ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ． Ｒｅａｄ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｓａｇｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｍａｋｉｎｇ ｙｏｕｒ ｃｈｏｉｃｅｓ． Ｅａｃｈ ｃｈｏｉｃｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｎｋ ｉｓ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ ｂｙ ａ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ． Ｐｌｅａｓｅ ｍａｒｋ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇ ｌｅｔｔｅｒ ｆｏｒ ｅａｃｈ ｉｔｅｍ ｏｎ Ａｎｓｗｅｒ Ｓｈｅｅｔ ２ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｓｉｎｇｌｅ ｌｉｎｅ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｎｔｒｅ． Ｙｏｕ ｍａｙ ｎｏｔ ｕｓｅ ａｎｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｄｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｂａｎｋ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ｏｎｃｅ．
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】As a n old saying goes, knowledge can change one’s life. In order to acquire knowledge, we have to study hard. However, it can not be ignored that effective learning needs both motivation and scientific methods.It’s not difficult for us to come up with several possible reasons accounting for this perspective. In the first place, learning is a kind of serious and hard work. Therefore, not everyone is able to keep going without certain internal motivations. Besides, scientific methods play a significant role in improving learning efficiency. Many of us believe that the longer you study, the better grades you will get. But a lot of experiences of our classmates prove that this view is not entirely correct. In details, studying for a long time is exhausting and it is very likely to decrease study efficiency, which is critical to academic performance.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily draw a conclusion that the importance of motivation and methods in learning is self-evident. And it is necessary for us to develop good learning methods.【参考范文译文】俗话说，知识能改变命运。
2019大学英语六级真题及答案解析卷三
2019大学英语六级真题及答案解析完整版Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of team spirit and communication in the workplace. Yo u can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.One of the problems both people and corporation face today is self-iso lation and information loss, and many feel there is a great need for team spirit and communication. I believe that working together and communicati ng wi th each other offer the best solution to the world’s pressing matters.Firstly, team spirit and communication help to deal with information los s. A group share information by working together and communication. Am ong all the touching facts relating to this topic, the most impressive one is Bill Gates and Allen. Without teamwork and communication, how could it be possible for Microsoft corporation to achieve success? Second, team s pirit and communication are beneficial to staff who do not have opportunit y to speak all day long staring at the PC. Working with others gives them a chance to speak and prevent their speaking skills from deteriorate. Mor e importantly, team spirit and communication help to create an amicable working atmosphere. By consulting problems with others, the moderate an d friendly atmosphere is thus created.Overall, team spirit and communication is beneficial in that they elimina te barriers to information loss, and improve the relationship between collea gues as well as the working atmosphere. Team spirit and communicationare therefore an essential measure, the effects of which will be felt far an d wide.【解析】本篇作文属于话题类作文，要求我们就团队精神及沟通在工作中的重要性写一篇作文。
2019年6月英语六级答案：CET6翻译答案(三套完整版)
2019年6月英语六级答案：CET6翻译答案（三套完整版）2019年6月英语六级答案：CET6翻译答案（三套完整版）中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。
中国的大学和研究所正在积极展开创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。
它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。
与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适合国内外消费市场持续变化和增长的需求。
译文一China's innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to surpass developed countries on science and technology as soon as possible, China has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places, so as to commercialize their fruits of innovation. In the meantime, to adapt to the changing foreign and domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts to innovate their products and business models.译文二（文都版）Innovation is progressing in an unprecedented speed in China. In order to catch up with those developed countries in the world as fast as it can in the science and technology field, China has increased funds for development research substantially in recent years. Universities and research institutions in China are actively carrying out innovation researches, which cover high-technology fields such as big data, biochemistry, new energy and robots, etc. They also cooperate with science park in various regions, commercializing the research results of innovation. Meanwhile, no matter in production and business model, entrepreneurs in China are competing to be pioneers in innovation to adapt to the constantly changing and increasing needs of the consumer market at home and abroad.深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。
2024年6月第3套英语六级真题
大学英语六级考试2024年6月真题(第三套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence“Nowadays cultivating independent learning ability is be coming increasingly crucial for personal development.”You can make comments,cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You should copy the sentence given in quotes at thebeginning of your essay.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第一套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use anyof the words in the bank more than onceA rainbow is a multi-colored,arc-shaped phenomenon that can appear in the sky.The colors of a rainbow are produced by the reflection and 26 _of light through water droplets( 小滴)present in the atmosphere.An observer may 27 _a rainbow to be located either near or far away,but this phenomenon is not actually located at any specific spot.Instead,the appearance of a rainbow depends entirely upon the position of the observer in 28 to the direction of light.In essence,a rainbow is an 29 illusion.Rainbows present a 30 made up of seven colors in a specific order.In fact,school children in many English-speaking countries are taught to remember the name“Roy G.Biv”as an aid for remembering the colors of a rainbow and their order.“Roy G.Biv” 31 f or:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,and violet.The outer edge of the rainbow arc is red,while the inner edge is violet.A rainbow is formed when light (generally sunlight)passes through water droplets 32 in the atmosphere. The light waves change direction as they pass through the water droplets,resulting in two processes:reflction and refraction ( 折射 ) .When light reflects off a water droplet,it simply 33_back in the opposite direction from where it 34 .When light refracts,it takes a different direction.Some individuals refer to refracted light as “bent light waves.”A rainbow is formed because white light enters the water droplet,where it bends in several different directions.When these bent light waves reach the other side of thewater droplet,they reflect back out of thedroplet instead of 35 passing through the water.Since the white light is separated inside of the water,the refracted light appears as separate colors to the human eye.Section BDirections: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteronAnswer Sheet 2.Blame your worthless workdays on meeting recovery syndromeA)Phyllis Hartman knows what it's like to make one's way through the depths of office meeting hell.Managersat one of her former human resources jobs arranged so many meetings that attendees would fall asleep at the table or intentionally arrive late.With hours of her day blocked up with unnecessary meetings,she was often forced to make up herwork during overtime.“I was actually working more hoursthan I probably would have needed to get the work done,”says Hartman,who is founder and president of PGHR Consulting in Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaB)She isn't alone in her frustration.Between 11 million and 55 million meetings are held each day in the UnitedStates,costing most organisations between 7%and 15%of their personnel budgets.Every week,employees spend about six hours in meetings,while the average manager meets for a staggering 23 hours.C)And though experts agree that traditional meetings are essential for making certain decisions and developingstrategy,some employees view them as one of the most unnecessary parts of the workday.The result is not only hundreds of billions of wasted dollars,but an annoyance of what organisational psychologists call “meeting recovery syndrome (MRS)”:time spent cooling off and regaining focus after a useless meeting.If you run to the office kitchen to get some relief with colleagues after a frustrating meeting,you're likely experiencing meeting recovery syndrome.D)Meeting recovery syndrome is a concept that should be familiar to almost anyone who has held a formaljob.It isn't ground-breaking to say workers feel fatigued after a meeting,but only in recent decades have scientists deemed the condition worthy of further investigation.With its links to organisational efficiency and employee wellbeing,MRS has atracted the attention of psychologists aware of the need to understand its precise causes and curesE)Today,in so far as researchers can hypothesise,MRS is most easily understood as a slow renewal of finitemental and physical resources.When an employee sits through an ineffective meeting their brain power is essentially being drained away.Meetings drain vitality if they last too long,fail to engage employees or turn into one-sided lectures.The conservation of resources theory,originally proposed in 1989 by Dr Stevan Hobfoll,states that psychological stress occurs when a person's resources are threatened or lost.When resources are low,a person will shift into defence to conserve their remaining supply.In the case of office meetings,where some of employees'most valuable resources are their focus,alertness and motivation,this can mean an abrupt halt in productivity as they take time to recover.F)As humans,when we transition from one task to another on the job—say from sitting in a meeting todoing normal work—it takes an effortful cognitive switch.We must detach ourselves from the previous task and expend significant mental energy to move on.If we are already drained to dangerous levels, then making the mental switch to the next thing is extra tough.It's common to see people cyber-loafing after a frustrating meeting,going and getting coffee,interrupting a colleague and telling them about the meeting,and so on.G)Each person's ability to recover from horrible meetings is different.Some can bounce back quickly,whileothers carry their fatigue until the end of the workday.Yet while no formal MRS studies are currently underway,one can loosely speculate on the length of an average employee's lag time.Switching tasks in a non-MRS condition takes about 10 to 15 minutes.With MRS,it may take as long as 45 minutes on average It's even worse when a worker has several meetings that are separated by 30 minutes.“Not enough time to transition in a non-MRS situation to get anything done,and in an MRS situation,not quite enough time torecover for the next meeting,”says researcher Joseph Allen.“Then,add the compounding of back-to-back bad meetings and we may have an epidemic on our hands.”H)In an effort to combat the side effects of MRS,Allen,along with researcher Joseph Mroz and colleagues at theUniversity of Nebraska-Omaha,published a study detailing the best ways to avoid common traps,including a concise checklist of do's and don'ts applicable to any workplace.Drawing from around 200 papers to compile their comprehensive list,Mroz and his team may now hold a remedy to the largely undefined problem of MRS.I)Mroz says a good place to startis asking ourselves ifour meetings are even necessary in the first place.If allthat's on the agenda is a quick catch-up,or some non-urgent information sharing,it may better suit the group to send around an email instead.“The second thing I would always recommend is keep the meeting as small as possible,”says Mroz.“If they don't actually have some kind ofimmediate input,then they can follow up later.They don't need to be sitting in this hour-long meeting.”Less time in meetingswould ultimately lead to more employee engagement in the meetings theydo attend,which experts agree is a proven remedy for MRS.J)Employees also feel taxed when they are invited together to meetings that don't inspire participation,says Cliff Scott,professor of organisational science.It takes precious time for them to vent their emotions, complain and try to regain focus after a pointless meeting—one of the main traps of MRS.Over time as employees find themselves tied up in more and moreunnecessary meetings—and thus dealing with increasing lag times from MRS—the waste of workday hours can feel insulting.K)Despite the relative scarcity of research behind the subject,Hartman has taught herself many of the same tricks suggested in Mroz's study,and has come a long way since her days ofbeing stuck with unnecessary meetings.The people she invites to meetings today include not just the essential employees,but also representatives from every department that might have a stake in the issue at hand.Managers like her,who seek input even from non-experts to shape their decisions,can find greater support and cooperation from their workforce,she says.L)If an organisation were to apply all 22 suggestions from Mroz and Allen's findings,the most noticeable difference would be a stark decrease in the total number of meetings on the schedule,Mroz says.Less time in meetings would ultimately lead to increased productivity,which is the ultimate objective of convening a meeting.While none of the counter-MRS ideas have been tested empirically yet,Allen says one trick with promise is for employees to identify things that quickly change their mood from negative to positive.As simple as it sounds,finding a personal happy place,going there and then coming straight back to work might be key to facilitating recovery.M)Leaders should see also themselves as “stewards of everyone else's valuable time”,adds Steven Rogelberg, author of The Surprising Science of M eetings.Having the skills to foresee potential trapsand treat employees' endurance with care allows leaders to provide effective short-term deterrents to MRS.N)Most important,however,is for organisations to awaken to the concept of meetings being flexible,says Allen.By reshaping the way they prioritise employees'time,companies can eliminate the very sources of MRS in their tracks36.Although employees are said to be fatigued by meetings,the condition has not been considered worthy offurther research until recently.37.Mroz and his team compiled a list of what to do and what not to do to remedy the problem of MRSpanies can get rid of the root cause ofMRS if they give priority to workers'time.39.If workers are exhausted to a dangerous degree,it is extremely hard for them totransition to the next task.40.Employees in America spend a lot of time attending meetings while the number of hours managers meet isseveral times more.41.Phyllis Hartman has learned by herselfmany of the ways Mroz suggested in his study and made remarkablesuccess in freeing herself from unnecessary meetings.42.When meetings continue too long or don't engage employees,they deplete vitality.43.When the time of meetings is reduced,employees will be more engaged in the meetings they do participate in.44.Some employees considermeetings one of the most dispensable parts of the workday.45.According to Mroz,if all his suggestions were applied,a very obvious change would be a steep decrease inthe number of meetings scheduled.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the followingpassageSarcasm andjazzhave something surprisingly in common:You know them when you hear them.Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice,which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words.For example, when someone says,“Well,tha t's exactly what I need right now,”their tone can tell you it's not what they need at all.Most frequently,sarcasm highlights an irritation or is,quite simply,meanIf you want to be happier and improve your relationships,cut out sarcasm.Why?Because sarcasm is actually hostility disguised as humor.Despite smiling outwardly,many people who receive sarcastic comments feel put down and often think the sarcastic person is rude,or contemptible.Indeed,it's not surprising that the origin of the word sarcasm derives from the Greek word“sarkazein”which literally means “to tear or strip the flesh off.”Hence,it's no wonder that sarcasm is often preceded by the word“cutting”and that it hurts.What's more,since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings,when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity.After all,when you come right down to it,sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying—and most bullies are angry,insecure,or cowardly.Alternatively,when a person stops voicing negative comments,especially sarcastic ones,they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident.Also,other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm.Now,I'm not saying all sarcasm is bad.Itmay just be betterused sparingly—like a potent spice in cooking. Too much of the spice,and the dish will be overwhelmed by it.Similarly,an occasional dash of sarcastic wit can spice up a chat and add an element ofhumor to it.But a big or steady serving of sarcasm will overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation and can taste very bitter to its recipient.So,tone down the sarcasm and work on clever wit instead,which is usually without any hostility and thus more appreciated by those you're communicating with.In essence,sarcasm is easy while true,harmless wit takes talent.Thus,the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that,as already stated,sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor.It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting.Witty statements are usually in response to someone's unhelpful remarks or behaviors,and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its absurdities.Sarcastic statements are expressed in a cutting manner;witty remarks are delivered with undisguised and harmless humor.46.Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common?A)Both are recognized when heard. C)Both mean the opposite of what they appear to.B)Both have exactly the same tone. D)Both have hidden in them an evident irritation47.How do many p eople feel when they hear sarcastic comments?A)They feel hostile towards the sarcastic person. C)They feel a strong urge to retaliate.B)They feel belittled and disrespected. D)They feel incapable of disguising their irritation.48.What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically?A)They feel their dignity greatly heightened.B)They feel increasingly insecure and hostile.C)They endure hostility under the disguise of humorD)They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions49.What does the author say about people quitting sarcastic comments?A)It makes others happier and more self-confidentB)It restrains them from being irritating and bullying.C)It benefits not only themselves but also those around them.D)It shields them from negative comments and outright hostility.50.What is the chief difference between a speaker's wit and sarcasm?A)Their clarity. C)Their emphasis.B)Their appreciation D)Their intention.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Variability is crucially important for learning new skills.Consider learning how to serve in tennis.Should you always practise serving from the exactly same location on the court,aiming at the same spot?Although practising in more variable conditions will be slower at first,it will likely make you a better tennis player in the end.This is because variability leads to better generalisation of what is learned.This principle is found in many domains,including speech perception and learning categories.For instance, infants will struggle to learn the category“dog”if they are only exposed to Chihuahuas,instead of many different kinds of dogs“There are over ten different names for this basic principle,”says Limor Raviv,the senior investigator of a recent study.“Learning from less variable input is often fast,but may fail to generalise to new stimuli.”To identify key patterns and understand the underlying principles of variability effects,Raviv and her colleagues reviewed over 150 studies on variability and generalisation across fields,including computer science, linguistics,categorisation,visual perception and formal education.The researchers discovered that,across studies,the term variability can refer to at least four different kinds of variability,such as set size and scheduling.“The se four kinds of variability have never been directly compared—which means that we currently don't know which is most effective forlearning,”says Raviv.The impact of variability depends on whether it is relevant to the task or not.But according to the ‘Mr. Miyagiprinciple',practising seemingly unrelated skills may actuallybenefit learningof other skills.But why does variability impact learning and generalisation?One theory is that more variable input can highlight which aspects of atask are relevant and which are not.Another theory is that greater variability leads to broader generalisations.This is because variability will represent therealworld better,including atypical(非典型的)examplesA third reason has to do with the way memory works:when training is variable,learners are forced to actively reconstruct their memories“Understanding the impact of variability is important for literally every aspect ofour daily life.Beyond affecting the way we learn language,motor skills,and categories,it even has an impact on our social lives,”explains Raviv.“For example,face recognition is affected by whether people grew up in a small community or in a larger community.Exposure to fewer faces during childhood is associated with diminished face memory.”“We hope this work will spark people's curiosity and generate more work on the topi c,”concludes Raviv. “Our paper raises a lot of open questions.Can we find similar effects ofvariability beyond the brain,for instance, in the immune system?”51.What does the passage say about infants learning the category “dog”if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only?A)They will encounter some degree of difficulty.B)They will try to categorise other objects firstC)They will prefer Chihuahuas to other dog species.D)They will imagine Chihuahuas in various conditions52.What does Raviv say about the four different kinds ofvariability?A)Which of them is most relevant to the task at hand is to be confirmed.B)Why they have an impact on learning is far from being understood.C)Why they have neverbeen directly compared remains a mysteryD)Which of them is most conducive to learning is yet to be identified.53.How does one of the theories explain the importance of variability for learning new skills?A)Learners regard variable training as typical of what happens in the real world.B)Learners receiving variable training are compelled to reorganise their memories.C)Learners pay attention to the relevant aspects of a task and ignore those irrelevant.D)Learners focus on related skills instead of wasting time and effort on unrelated ones.54.What does the passage say about face recognition?A)People growing up in a small community may find it easy to remember familiar faces.B)Face recognition has a significant impact on literally every aspect of our social lives.C)People growing up in a large community can readily recognise any individual faces.D)The size of the community people grow up in impacts their face recognition ability.55.What does Raviv hope to do with their research work?A)Highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not to learning a skill.B)Use the principle of variability in teaching seemingly unrelated skills in education.C)Arouse people's interest in variability and stimulate more research on the topic.D)Apply the principle of variability to such fields of study as the immune system.Part IV Translation(30 minutes) Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write youransweron AnswerSheet 2.扇子自古以来就深受中国人喜爱，但现在已不只是消暑纳凉的工具，而更多地作为艺术品供人欣赏。
2023年6月英语六级真题第3套
2023年6月英语六级真题第3套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence "It is widely accepted that an important goal of education is to help students learn how to learn." You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)温馨提示：2023年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是顺序不同，故听力部分不再重复列出Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.You might not know yourself as well as you think. According to a new study, people are ___26___ accurate judges of only some of their behaviors. While most previous studies on how well people know themselves have been done on long-term personality traits, this new study ___27___ how well people understand how they are acting from one moment to the next. Researchers asked participants to wear audio recorders that automatically ___28___ every 9.5 minutes between 7 a.m. and 2 a.m. to record 30 seconds of audio. These participants were then emailed surveys four times a day asking them to ___29___ how outgoing, agreeable, or conscientious they were during a particular hour of the day. The study used data from 248 participants, all of whom answered questions about their behavior for two ___30___ weeks and wore the audio device for one of those weeks.Six laboratory assistants rated each participant's audio clips to see how their observations compared with people's ___31___ of themselves. The six assistants were generally in agreement with one another about how the people they were observing acted. Further, participants' ratings of their own behaviors agreed with observers' for how outgoing and how conscientious they were being. But the agreement between participants and outside observers was much smaller for agreeableness. Some of this ___32___ could be because the observers used only audio clips, and thus could not read ___33___ like body language, but there are ___34___ other explanations, as people should be able to hear when a participant is being kind versus being rude. The weak agreement between how participants thought they were acting and what observers heard could be because people would rather ___35___ rude behavior.A) activated I) probesB) articulates J) randomC) assessment K) recallD) consecutive L) relativelyE) cues M) saturatedF) deny N) symptomsG) discrepancy O) terminateH) probablySection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by making the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why we need tiny collegesA) We're experiencing the rebirth of smallness. Farmers markets, tiny homes, and brew pubs all exemplifyour love of smallness. So do charter schools, coffee shops, and local bookstores. Small is often (but not always) more affordable, healthier, and sustainable, but its finest characteristic, the one that turns charm into love, is that going small allows us to be more fully who we are.B) In higher education the trend is mostly in the opposite direction: Universities with 20,000 or30,000students are considered "mid-sized". The nation's largest university, Arizona State University, has 80,000 students on campus and aims to enroll another 100,000 students online. At the other end of the spectrum is a handful of colleges that have fewer than a hundred students on campus and no online courses: colleges such as Sterling College, Thomas More College of Liberal Arts, and Deep Springs College. These colleges are so small that they can only be called "tiny."C) Tiny colleges focus not just on a young person's intellect, but on the young person as a whole. Equallyimportant, tiny colleges ask, "How can education contribute to human flourishing and the well-being of the world?" And they shape a college experience to address that question. They replace concerns about institutional growth with attention to the growth of students as fully developed participants in their communities.D) I've had the privilege of teaching at three different institutions of higher learning during my career-a smallliberal arts college and two mid-sized public universities. I've also been profoundly disappointed in each of these institutions, and in many of my colleagues, especially when it comes to helping students and preparing them for the many responsibilities of adulthood. Administrators focus on the business of running a university, and most faculty focus on their scholarship and teaching their discipline. Little deliberate attention is given to how students mature as individuals and social beings.E) Having just retired from teaching at a public university, I'm now returning to my hometown of Flagstaff,Arizona, to establish a tiny college—Flagstaff College. I'm convinced there's a need for another type of education, one devoted to helping students come into their own and into this beautiful and troubled world. Young people need an education that will provide them with meaning, hope, courage, and passion, as well as information and skills. Large institutions, I believe, are particularly ill-suited to this type of education.F) There's no "best of" list when it comes to tiny colleges, at least not yet. But around the country people arecreating new colleges that provide an alternative to small liberal arts colleges, large public universities, and online education.G) With only 26 students, Deep Springs is the smallest college in the country and, quite likely, the mostatypical (非典型的). Located on a working cattle ranch on the California-Nevada border, Deep Springsis a private, residential, two-year college for men, committed to educating students for "a life of service to humanity." Founded by the electricity tycoon (大亨) L.L. Nunn in 1917, Deep Springs "curriculum"revolves around academics, labor, and self-governance. In addition to their courses, students are charged with running the 155-acre ranch and overseeing the functioning of the college. Students chair both the admissions and the curriculum committees.H) "Living in close community with one's teachers and fellow students, and being forced to take on adultresponsibilities, makes for one's growth as a person," says William Hunt, who graduated last year. "To exist for very long in a community like that, you have to get over the question of whether you're sufficiently talented or principled and get started worrying about how you can stretch yourself and your peers, how much you can manage to learn with them."I) Sterling College, in Craftsbury Common, Vermont, is also very small-fewer than 100 students. UnlikeDeep Springs, Sterling focuses its curriculum on environmental and social justice issues, but like Deep Springs it places a high value on personal responsibility and manual labor. According to its catalog, a college education at Sterling combines "rigorous academics, roll-up-your-sleeves challenges, and good old hard work."J) The average tuition at a small liberal-arts college is $30,000 to $40,000 a year, not including the cost of living on campus, as compared to $8,000 to $10,000 a year for tuition alone at a public university. Of the tiny colleges, only Deep Springs doesn't charge tuition or room and board; students pay only for books and the cost of traveling to and from college. If tiny schools are to become a player on the higher education scene, they will need to find a way to be truly affordable.K) Doing so may not be that difficult so long as they do not pattern themselves too closely on existing norms. We've come to believe that a good college should have many academic programs and excellent facilities, posh (豪华的) dorms, an array of athletic programs, and a world-class student activity center.Imagine a good college without a climbing wall! We also have accepted the idea that college presidents, and their many vice-presidents, should be paid like their counterparts in the business world and that higher education requires an elaborate, up-to-date technology infrastructure. All of this drives up the cost of education.L) The "trick" to making tiny colleges affordable, if that's the right word, is simplicity. At its core, education is a human-to-human interaction. Reflecting on his own college education, President Garfield once commented that an ideal college would consist of nothing more than the legendary teacher Mark Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other. The economics of a tiny college, in other words, might be similar to that of a tiny house. Because it is small, a tiny house costs less to build and less to furnish, insure, and maintain. But the economic benefits of a small house don't end there. Tiny homes discourage homeowners from buying stuff that they really don't need, because there's no place to put it.M) I'm a late convert to the idea of tiny colleges, and I fully understand the need for many diverse types of educational institutions. Academic research and job training are important, but tiny colleges aren't suited for either. The educational needs of a complex society are themselves complex, and no single model can meet all of these needs. But I'm now convinced there's an educational need that's now going almost completely unmet: namely, the need to help young people transition into adulthood. Tiny colleges can do this better than any other type of educational institution.N) The ultimate justification for a tiny college is the conviction that each of us comes into our full humanity by close interaction with those who know and care for us, and that one of the basic purposes of higher education is social. Although we give lip service to the idea that a college education will make us better people, when all's said and done, we think of higher education primarily in economic terms. We've come to think of higher education as a means to make a living rather than make a life. We've also come to see higher education as a private good rather than a public one. Tiny colleges are not the answer to all of our educational requirements, but they're an answer to one of our most basic educational necessities; the needto produce thoughtful, engaged, and compassionate human beings.36. One tiny American college situated on a cattle farm is devoted to educating students to serve mankindthroughout their lives.37. Much to the author's disappointment, the three institutions of higher learning where she taught largelyignore students' growth as social beings.38. Tiny colleges must be made affordable in order to play a role in higher education.39. According to a recent graduate from a tiny college, living together with faculty and fellow students isconducive to a student's growth as a person.40. Rather than going small, most American universities are trying to go big.41. In a certain tiny college, rigorous academic work and traditional manual labor are integrated.42. Tiny colleges focus on educating students to become well-rounded citizens instead of seeking their ownexpansion.43. The essence of education lies in the interaction between people.44. After her retirement, the author has decided to set up a tiny college in her hometown.45. Tiny colleges are justified as it is believed that our growth into full humanity comes through interactionwith people near and dear to us.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.If you're someone who has turned to snacking on junk food more in the pandemic (大流行病), you're not alone. Investigative reporter Michael Moss says processed food is engineered to hook you, not unlike alcohol, cigarettes, or other harmful substances. His 2013 book, Salt Sugar Fat, explored food companies' aggressive marketing of those products and their impact on our health. In his new book, Hooked, Moss updates the food giants' efforts to keep us eating what they serve, and how they're responding to complaints from consumers and health advocates.Processed food is inexpensive, it's legal, and it's everywhere. Companies' advertising is cueing us to remember those products and we want those products constantly. So the food environment is one of those key things that makes food even more problematic for so many people. Memory, nostalgia (怀旧) in particular, plays a big role in the foods we crave. Soda companies discovered that if they put a soda in the hands of a child when they're at a ball game with their parents, that soda will forever be associated with that joyous moment. Later in life, when that child wants to experience a joyous moment, they're going to think of soda. Many people seek comfort in the snacks they remember from childhood.Moss examines the way companies capitalize on our memories, cravings and brain chemistry to keep us snacking.One of the reasons I came to think that some of these food products are even more powerful, more troublesome than drugs can be is memory. What we eat is all about memory. And we begin forming memories for food at a really early age. And we keep those memories for a lifetime. Knowing this, the food industry spends lots of time trying to shape the memories that we have for their products. One of the features of addiction that scientists studying drug addiction discovered back in the 1990s was that the faster a substance hits the brain, the more apt we are as a result to act impulsively. There's nothing faster than food in its ability to hit the brain. For Moss, this puts the notion of "fast food" in an entirely new light as this isn't limited to fast food chains-almost 90% of food products in grocery stores are processed foods. Everything in the industry is about speed, from manufacturing to packaging.Overall, Moss outlines the industry's dependence on making their products inexpensive, superdelicious, and incredibly convenient for consumers. Now that more and more people care about what they put in their bodies and are wanting to eat healthier, these companies are finding it really difficult to meet that new demand because of their own addiction to making these convenience foods.46. In what way does Michael Moss think processed food is comparable to alcohol and cigarettes?A) They are all addictive. C) They are all engineered to be enjoyed.B) They are all necessary evils. D) They are all in increasingly great demand.47. What does the author say plays a key role in the foods we crave?A) The food environment. C) Convenience.B) Aggressive marketing. D) Memory.48. What do food companies do to capitalize on consumers' association with their food products?A) They strive to influence how consumers remember their products.B) They attempt to use consumers' long-term memories to promote addiction.C) They try to exploit consumers' memories for their products as early as possible.D) They endeavor to find what consumers remember about their products.49. How does the food industry operate from manufacturing to packaging, according to Moss?A) Placing the idea of fast food in an entirely new light.B) Setting no limit to the number of fast food chains.C) Focusing on how quickly the work is done.D) Prioritizing the quality of their products.50. Why are companies finding it difficult to satisfy consumers' demand for healthier food products?A) They think speed of production outweighs consumers' health.B) They believe their industry would perish without fast foods.C) They have to strike a balance between taste and nutrition.D) They are hooked on manufacturing convenience foods.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Chimpanzees (黑猩猩), human beings' closest animal relatives, share up to 98% of our genes. Yet humans and chimpanzees lead very different lives. Fewer than 300,000 wild chimpanzees live in a few forested corners of Africa today, while humans have colonized every corner of the globe. At more than 7 billion, human population dwarfs that of nearly all other mammals—despite our physical weaknesses.What could account for our species' incredible evolutionary successes?One obvious answer is our big brains. It could be that our raw intelligence gave us an unprecedented ability to think outside the box, innovating solutions to thorny problems as people migrated across the globe.But a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists (人类学家) are rejecting that explanation. They think that, rather than making our living as innovators, we survive and thrive precisely because we don't think for ourselves. Instead, people cope with challenging climates and ecological contexts by carefully copying others.In a famous study, psychologists Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten showed two groups of test subjects-children and chimpanzees-a mechanical box with a treat inside. In one condition, the box was opaque, while in the other it was transparent. The experimenters demonstrated how to open the box to retrieve the treat, but they also included the irrelevant step of tapping on the box with a stick.Oddly, the children carefully copied all the steps to open the box, even when they could see that the stick had no practical effect. That is, they copied irrationally: Instead of doing only what was necessary to get their reward, children slavishly imitated every action they'd witnessed.Of course, that study only included three- and four-year-olds. But additional research has shown that older children and adults are even more likely to mindlessly copy others' actions, and infants are less likely to over-imitate—that is, to precisely copy even impractical actions.By contrast, chimpanzees in the study only over-imitated in the opaque condition. In the transparent condition-where they saw that the stick was mechanically useless-they ignored that step entirely. Other research has since supported these findings.When it comes to copying, chimpanzees are more rational than human children or adults.Where does the seemingly irrational human preference for over-imitation come from? Anthropologist Joseph Henrich points out that people around the world rely on technologies that are often so complex that no one can learn them rationally. Instead, people must learn them step by step, trusting in the wisdom of more experienced elders and peers.So the next time you hear someone arguing passionately that everyone should embrace nonconformity and avoid imitating others, you might laugh a little bit. We're not chimpanzees, after all.51. What might explain humans' having the largest population of almost all mammals?A) They are equipped with raw strength for solving the most challenging problems.B) They cope with the outside world more effectively than their animal relatives.C) They possess the most outstanding ability to think.D) They know how to survive everywhere on earth.52. What accounts for humans' evolutionary successes according to a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists?A) They are better at innovating solutions.B) They thrive through creative strategies.C) They are naturally adaptive to ecological contexts.D) They meet challenges by imitating others carefully.53. What does the author think is odd about the findings of the study by Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten?A) Children irrationally imitated every action of the experimenters.B) Chimpanzees could tell the transparent box from the opaque one.C) Chimpanzees could retrieve the treat more quickly than children did.D) Children omitted the step of tapping on the box with a stick to open it.54. What is anthropologist Joseph Henrich's explanation for the human preference for copying?A) It originates in the rationality of people around the world.B) It stems from the way people learn complex technologies.C) It results from people distrusting their own wisdom.D) It derives from the desire to acquire knowledge step by step.55. What point does the author want to emphasize when he says "We're not chimpanzees"?A) It is arguable whether everyone should avoid imitation.B) It is characteristic of human beings to copy others.C) It is desirable to trust in more knowledgeable peers.D) It is naive to laugh at someone embracing nonconformity.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.近年来,中国城市加快发展,城市人居环境得到显著改善。
最新-大学英语六级历年真题1 精品
大学英语六级历年真题篇一：2019年6月大学英语6级真题(三套全)2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）(30)1))))2))))3))))4)')))5))))6))))7))))8)4)))9129))--))10))))11))))1 2))))131513))))14))))201915))))161816))))17)-)))18))))192219))))20))) )21))))22))))232523))))24))))25))))“”,,(26)“”,,(27),;(28)“,”,(29),“”,,,“,。
”,,“(30)(点燃)(31)”,,(32),“”一,(33)(34)“”,,,“',”(35)(40),(灵丹妙药),___36___30___37___-20--,,-,,___38___,,___39______40___2%___41___, -___42___,-,___43___,,'___44___(旋风),,___45___[]?,?,??[],??,??,[],,“-”,-,,?[]19,,,,,,,-,?,“”,,“”[]“”,,,,“”-,,?[]“”,,,“”1850,,“”20??-?-,[]1911“”,,,“”,“”[],???,,,“”“”,,[]“,”,“”;,,?“”—“”,-“”[]-1960,?—“,”—,,,,[]?,“”,,,“”?,[]?,,,?,,?篇二：2019年6月英语六级翻译真题答案汇总2019年6月英语六级翻译真题答案汇总试卷一：中国宴席题目：中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。
中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。
大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。
如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(完整)
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（完整）2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany’s.B)why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C)Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D)why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn.2. A)Her unique personality.B)Her physical condition.C)Her shift of interest to performing arts.D)Her family’s suspension of financial aid.3. A) She was not an outgoing person.B)She was modest and hardworkingC)She was easy-going on the whole.D)She was usually not very optimistic.4. A)She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B)Her parents taught her to symbolize with the needy.C)She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D)Her family benifited from other people’s help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard.5. A) Give a presentation.B)Rise some questions.C)Start a new company.D)Ateed a board meeting.6. A) It will cut production costs.B)It will raise productivities.C)No staff willl be dismissed.D)No new staff will be hired.7.A) The timeline of restructuring.B) The reasons for restructuring.C) The communication channels.D) The company’s new missions.8.A) By consulting their own department managers.B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C) By exploring various channels of communication.D) By visiting the company’s own computer network.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B) It has animals to help passengers carry their language.C) It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers.D) It allows passengers to have animal travel with them.10.A) Avoiding possible dangers.B) Finding their way around.C) Identifying drug smugglers.D) Looking after sick passengers.11.A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D) Bring their animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13. A) A number of different images. B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments. D) Paintings by famous French artists.14. A) The originality and expertise shown. B) The worldly sophistication displayed.C)The stunning images vividly depicted. D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15. A) His artistic taste is superb. B) His identity remains unclear.D) He was a collector of antiques. D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will beplayed only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They encourage international cooperation.B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D) They favour scientists from its member countries.17. A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B) They believe that more hands will make light work.C) They want to follow closely the international trend.D) Many of their projects have become complicated.18. A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D) It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B) Scientists discovered water on Venus.C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.20.A) It resembles Earth in many aspects.B)It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C)It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D)It undergoes geological changes like Earth.21.A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B)It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C)It used to have more water than Earth.D)It used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) Causes of sleeplessness.B)Cross-cultural communication.C)Cultural psychology.D)Motivation and positive feelings.23.A) They attach great importance to sleep.B)They often have trouble falling asleep.C)They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D)They generally sleep longer than East Asians.24.A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B)By observing people’s sleep patterns in labs.C)By having people wear motion-detecting watches.D)By videotaping people’s daily sleeping processes.25.A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B)It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C)It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D)It has attached attention all over the world.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Pasta is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a 26 , to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar 27 up.The low-carbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping foods likebread, pasta and potatoes for vegetables, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been 28 by clean-eating experts.But now a 29 review and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months. The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized (妖魔化) because it had been 30 in with other, more ft-promoting carbohydrates.“The study found that pasta didn’t 3 to weight gain or increase in body fat,”said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper. “In 32 the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an 33 effect on body weigh outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern.”In fact, analysis actually showed a small weigh loss 34 to concerns. perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy dietThose involved in the 35 trials on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of 12 weeks.A) adverseB) championedC clinicalD) contraryE) contributeF) intimateG) lumpedH) magnified D) minimum J) radiating K) rationL) shooting M) subscribe N) systematic O) weighingSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and ClicksA) Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls are emptying. The depressing stories just keep coming. Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy’s, Nordstrom, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit. The interact is apparently taking down yet another industry. Brick and mortar stores (实体店) seem to be going the way of the yellow pages. Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 15.2 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016.B) But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking only at that 15.2 percent "surge" would be misleading. It was an increase that was on a smallbase of 6.9 percent. Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny.C) More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show that only 0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016.D) So, despite all the talk about drone (无人机) deliveries to your doorstep, all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a "huge antitrust problem," the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggest otherwise. What's the real story?E) Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble. The retail industry is getting reinvented, as we describe in our new book Matchmakers. It's standing in the Path of what Schumpeter called a gale (大风) of creative destruction. That storm has been brewing for some time, and as it has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy’s put it recently, “We’re frankly scratching our heads.”F) But it’s not happening as experts predicted. In the peak of the dot. com bubble, brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the internet was going to kill-and quickly. Thedot.corn bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, onventional retailers’confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales. And then the gale hit.G) It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn’t a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy. Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid.H) More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep, Apple’s massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon’s small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.I) Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it’s also not happening on what used to be called "Internet Time." Some internet-driven changes have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down. But many widely anticipated changes weren’t quick, and some haven’t really started. With the benefit of hindsight (后见之明), it looks like the interact will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity. B2B commerce, for example, didn’t move mainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000, nor even by 2016, but that doesn’t mean it won’t do so over the next few decades.J) But the gale is still blowing. The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even though it hasn’t been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning. People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don’t need to go to as many stores to find what they want. There’s a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.K) The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five years agomost people faced a choice. Sit at your computer, probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy. Or head out to the mall, or Main Street, look and shop, and buy. Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time. Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store, she can easily see if there’s a better deal online or at another store nearby.L) So far, the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals.Many are having the same problem that newspapers have. Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.M) A few seem to be making this work.Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macy’s, Target, and Nordstrom’s dropped. Yet Walmart’s year-over-year online sales only grew 7 percent, leading its CEO to lament (哀叹), “Growth here is too slow.”Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the one.click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions.A recent study gradedmore than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay.Almost half of the sites didn’t get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B.N) The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable.Our deep 100k into those data and their preparation revealed serious problems.It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales.It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with“non-store retailers"1ike food trucks.can mask major changes in individual retail categories.The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways.but they have chosen not to.O) Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won’t disappear any time soon.The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category.Investors shouldn’t write off brickand mortar.Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter36.Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey.37.Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models.38.Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retail’s stocks has been dropping.39.Innovative—driven changes in the retail industry didn’t take place as quickly as widely anticipated.40. Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion’s share of the retail business.41. Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers.42.Brick and mortar retailers’faith in their business was strengthened when the dot com bubble burst.43. Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing, traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time. 44. With the rise of online commerce, physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as i the yellow pages.45. The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artifcial intelligence (AI) will be “either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity”, and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching thefuture of intelligence as “crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species”.Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence(LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. “We spend a great deal of time studyin history,”Hawking said, “which, let’s face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it;s a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.”While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. “The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,”he said. “We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last one-industrialisation. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success increating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation.”Huw Price, the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn’t taken seriously, even among AI researchers. “AI is hugely exciting,”she said, “but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use.”The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity.46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence?A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation.B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making.C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities.D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence.47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI?A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research.B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind.D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration.48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research?A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future.B) The shift of research from theory to implementation.C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI.D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity.49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI?A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later.B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind.C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction.D) Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry?A) They are much influenced by the academic community.B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development.C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics.D) They believe they can keep AI under human control.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups (初创公司) want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country’s largest owner of retirement communities, has beeninviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say. That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup’s product, SentabTV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.“It’s nothing new, it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotes,”says Rodriguez. But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents’advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong (麻将).Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something. “I’ve had more feedback in a passive approach,”he says. “Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,”all work better “than going through asurvey of questions. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I’m not selling them something—there’ll be more honest feedback from them.”Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1,100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-body blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.Mary Lou Busch, 93, agreed to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.“I have the computer and FaceTime, which I talk with my family on,”she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. “So I do pretty much everything I need to do.”To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic (害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: “People are more tech-proficient than we thought.”And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong?51. What does the passage say about the startups?A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors.B) They want to have a share of the seniors’goods market.C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products.D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors.52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale toA) have an interview with potential customersB) conduct a survey of retirement communitiesC) collect residents’feedback on their productsD) show senior residents how to use IT products53. What do we know about SentabTV?A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly.B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors.C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs.D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer.54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products?A) Winning trust from prospective customers.B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers.C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot.D) Responding promptly to customer feedback.55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community?A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab.B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products.C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere.D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.成语(Chinese idioms)是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。
2019年6月、12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析(完整版)
2019年6月、12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析（完整版）Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of community responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions l to 4 are based on the conversations you have just heard.1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B) It sponsors major jazz concerts.C) It has several branches in London.D) It displays albums by new music talents.2. A) It originated with cowboys.B) Its market has now shrunk.C) Its listeners are mostly young people.D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music.3. A) Its definition is varied and complicated.B) It is still going through experimentation.C) It is frequently accompanied by singing.D) Its style has remained largely unchanged.4. A) Learn to play them.B) Take music lessons.C) Listen to them yourself.D) Consul jazz musicians.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversations you have just heard.5. A) She paid her mortgage.B) She called on the man.C) She made a business plan.D) She went to the bank.6. A) Her previous debt hadn’t been cleared yet.B) Her credit history was considered poor.C) She had apparently asked for too much.D) She didn’t pay her mortgage in time.7. A) Pay a debt long overdue.B) Buy a piece of property.C) Start her own business.D) Check her credit history.8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fund raising.B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.C) Build up her own finances step by step.D) Revise her business proposal carefully.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly.B) It is well located and completely automated.C) It is small and unconventional.D) It is fertile and productive.10.A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable.B) Their desire to improve farming equipment.C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming.D) Their wish to set a new farming standard11.A) It saves a lot of electricity.B) It needs little maintenance.C) It causes hardly any pollution.D) It loosens soil while weeding.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source.B) It has started on expand business outside the UK.C) It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.D) It has joined hands with Sainsbury’s to sell pet insects.13.A) It was really unforgettable.B) It was a pleasant surprise.C) It hurt his throat slightly.D) It made him feel strange.14.A) They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.B) They are more nutritious than soups and salads.C) They contain more protein than conventional meats.D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.15.A) It is environmentally friendly.B) It is a promising industry.C It requires new technology.D) It saves huge amounts of labour.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recording will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A)To categorize different types of learners.B) To find out what students prefer to learn.C) To understand the mechanism of the human brain.D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.17. A) It was defective.B)It was misguided.C) It was original in design.D) It was thought-provoking.18. A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.C) Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.D) Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family.D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.20. A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B) The balance of power in the workplace would change.C) Technological advances would create many new jobs.D) Most workers could afford to have a house of their own.21. A) Loss of workers’ personal dignity.B) Deprivation of workers’ creativity.C) Deterioration of workers’ mental heal th.D) Unequal distribution of working hours.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) It is the worst managed airport in German history.B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe.C) It has become something of a joke among Germans.D) It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency.23. A) The city’s airports are outdated.B) The city had just been reunified.C) The city wanted to boost its economy.D) The city wanted to attract more tourists.24. A) The municipal government kept changing hands.B) The construction firm breached the contract.C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction.D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up.25. A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers.B)All kinds of equipment gets rusted.C) Huge maintenance costs accumulate.D) Complaints by local residents increase.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain 26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects.Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the participants' phones 31 substituted for real friends.At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and 32 .”So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferredthem—especially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with gills (护栅) that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a car's friendliness.A) alleviate I) desiresB) apparently J) excludedC) arrogant K) featureD) associated L) lonelyE) circumstances M) separateF) competitive N) spectacularlyG) conceded O) warrantH) consciousnessSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.[A] Though he didn’t come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.[B] Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand forgrass-fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir (发酵乳饮品) on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market according to natural and organic marketresearch company SPINS. Joseph’s top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn’t going to suffice[C] His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convent from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.[D] All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began with no end in sight. Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland’s natural seed bunk, and fertil ized by the cows’ own fertilizer[E] Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial (微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.[F] In the grass fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they’re doing is not working. That’s when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer’s milk at a guaranteed bas e price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter fat and other solids.[G] While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands on and comprehensive, it’s just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing t he way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s culture. Last summer, Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he’s received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.[H] Smith says he’ll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic (整体的) management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.[1] Though advocates portray grass fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced10-20% above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%，[J] And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human heath and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model. “The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,” he says.[K] Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they’re advocates of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC’S mo st successful product - the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar - Collins and Forrest found they’d exhausted their sources for bison (北美野牛) raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn. [L] But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up withWisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is,“You can purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I’m guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it.’ We’re bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,” Collins explains.36. Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.37. Over the years, Tim Joseph’s partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass-fed.38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.40. Tim Joseph’s grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.41. Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.42. One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.43. Grass fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand.45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison met was scarce.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA）, B）, C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Schools are not just a microcosm(缩影) of society: they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside-- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances. and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados-appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can’t afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire c hildren’s passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life’s possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores inA-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel. and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures. some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising. with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.But ￡3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over ￡30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips. which are becoming increasinglycommon. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.46. What does the author say best schools should do?A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society.B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world.C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities.D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals.47. What does the author think about school field trips?A) They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other.B)They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students.C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world.D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours.48. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit?A) Events aiming to improve community services.B) Activities that help to fuel students’ ingenuity.C) Events that require mutual understanding.D) Activities involving all students on campus.49. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips?A) They want their children to participate even though they don’t see much benefit.B) They don’t want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.C) They don’t want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.D)They want their children to experience adventures but they don’t want them to run risks,50. What is the author’s expectat ion of schools?A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity.B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society.C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students.D) Giving poor students preferential treatment.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的) waters around the Antarctic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study. The study’s report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world’s last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds.Co-author Céline Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, w arned:“If there’re no actions aimed at haling or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human- induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may son disappear.” The findings come amid growing concern ov er the future of the Antarctic. Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill (磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins. But today’s report is the starkest warning yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic’s delicate ecosystems.Le Bohec said: “Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins - 1.1 million breeding pairs - will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100.” King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea. As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front - an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a hugeabundance of marine life - is being pushed further south, This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and krill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer. And as the distance between their breeding grounds and their food grows, entire colonies could be wiped out.Le Bohec said:“The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warning about the future of the entire marine environment in the Antarctic. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems." Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems. As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce. Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.51. What will happen by 2100, according to a new study?A)King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out.B)Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic.C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness.D) The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever.52. What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?A)Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.B)Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.C)Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species.D)Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters.53. What does the passage say about king penguins?A) They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean.C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar Front.D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future.54. What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic?A) Many baby king penguins can’t have food in time.B) Many king penguins could no longer live on krill.C) Whales will invade king penguins’ breeding grounds.D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food.55. What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?A)The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds.B)Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species.C)It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguin.D)Only a few of its islands can serve as huge breeding grounds for king penguins.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.荷花是中国的名花之一，深受人们喜爱。
2019年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）
2019年6⽉⼤学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）2019年6⽉⼤学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）⽬录2018年6⽉⼤学英语六级真题试卷及答案（⼀） (1)快速对答案 (16)2018年6⽉⼤学英语六级真题试卷及答案（⼆） (17)快速对答案 (32)2018年6⽉⼤学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三） (32)快速对答案 (43)2018年6⽉⼤学英语六级真题试卷及答案（⼀）Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半⼩时内完成该部分，之后将进⾏听⼒考试)Directions: For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.you should write at least150words but no more than200words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.第1页共43注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。