考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十)
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(十)2009-11-07海天教育When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family"。
Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all", preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything。
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with i t far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and thelim itations of being a parent on “quality time”。
In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting —also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” — has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termedanti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books forpeople who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out。
While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline―after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late‟ 80s―and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives。
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the '80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations。
37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A]Full-time employment is a new international trend。
[B]The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job。
[C]“A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment。
[D]The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family。
38. The writer's experiment shows that downshifting _________。
[A]enables her to realize her dream[B]helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C]prompts her to abandon her high social status[D]leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one's life” probably means living a life characterized by _________。
[A]non-materialistic lifestyle[B]a bit of everything[C]extreme stress[D]anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of_________。
[A]the quick pace of modern life[B]man's adventurous spirit[C]man's search for mythical experiences[D]the economic situation名师解析37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?根据第一段，下文哪一个是正确的？[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend。
全职工作是一个新的国际趋势。
[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job。
作者因为环境所迫而辞职。
[C]“A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment。
“平级调动”指的是退出全职工作。
[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family。
作者太渴望多花点时间来陪伴家人了。
【答案】 B【考点】事实细节题。
【分析】根据第一段，当决定辞去自己的全职工作时作者绝对没有想到自己竟然变成了一种新的国际性潮流的一部分。
作者写道“一次平行的调动伤了我的自尊，并阻碍了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业，就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样，我也掩饰自己的离开，以…我想花更多的时间与家人待在一起‟为借口”。
因此我们可以得出结论，作者是“被迫离开的”。
答案为[B]。
第一句中所说的“新时尚”实际上指下文提到的“放松生活节奏”，因此[A]错误。
[C]指的是平行调动，而不是退出工作。
[D]仅仅是作者的一个借口。
38. The writer‟s experiment shows that downshifting _______。
作者的实验表明“放慢生活节奏”_______。
[A] enables her to realize her dream使她能够实现她的梦想[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life帮助她塑造一种新的人生哲学[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status迫使她放弃了自己很高的社会地位[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine使她接受了《她》杂志的教义(所倡导的生活观)【答案】 B【考点】事实细节题。
考研英语阅读理解部分试题解析
Could the bad old days of economic decline beabout to return? Since OPEC agreed tosupply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel,up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls upscary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, whenthey also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are theheadlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraqsuspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time aswinter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in theshort term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences nowto be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oilnow accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so evenquite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump pricesthan in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and soless sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift toother fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensiveindustries have reduced oil consumption. Software,consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or carproduction. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now usenearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest EconomicOutlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, comparedwith $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies byonly 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive,and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices isthat, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the backgroundof general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizableportion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. TheEconomist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 byalmost 30%. 51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ［A］ global inflation. ［B］ reduction in supply. ［C］ fast growth in economy. ［D］ Iraq's suspension of exports. 52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrolwill go up dramatically if ［A］ price of crude rises. ［B］ commodity prices rise. ［C］ consumption rises. ［D］ oil taxes rise. 53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries. ［A］ heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive. ［B］ income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices. ［C］ manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed. ［D］ oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP. 54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that. ［A］ oil-price shocks are less shocking now. ［B］ inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. ［C］ energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. ［D］ the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry. 55. From the text we can see that the writer seems ［A］ optimistic. ［B］ sensitive. ［C］ gloomy. ［D］ scared. ⼀、⽂章结构分析 ⽂章⼤意：最近这次⽯油价格的⼤幅上涨的影响不会像以前那样严重。
考研英语阅读真题解析
考研英语阅读真题解析相关推荐考研英语阅读真题解析 考验英语阅读理解主要考查考⽣理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进⾏有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下⽂推测⽣词的词义等能⼒。
下⾯是⼩编给⼤家收集了考研的英语阅读真题以及解析，⼀起来练习⼀下吧! 第⼀篇： “There is on and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist,“That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption. The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others. Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. Al recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect. The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties,. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines. In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern , such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving byabout20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials”, says one researcher. Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them less costly punishment. 31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with 【A】tolerance. 【B】skepticism. 【C】uncertainty. 【D】approval. 32.According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company by 【A】winning trust from consumers. 【B】guarding it against malpractices. 【C】protecting it from being defamed. 【D】raising the quality of its products. 33. The expression “more lenient ”(line 2,para.4)is closest in meaning to 【A】more effective 【B】less controversial 【C】less severe 【D】more lasting 34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR regard 【A】has an impact on their decision 【B】comes across as reliable evidence 【C】increases the chance of being penalized 【D】constitutes part of the investigation 35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph? 【A】 Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked. 【B】 The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown. 【C】 Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated. 【D】 It has brought much benefit to the banking industry. 第⼆篇： Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range. The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat. Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said. Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozenindustry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger. 26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____ [A]its drastically decreased population [B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage [C]a desperate appeal from some biologists [D]the insistence of private landowners 27.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____ [A]was a give-in to governmental pressure [B]would involve fewer agencies in action [C]granted less federal regulatory power [D]went against conservation policies 28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____ [A]agree to pay a sum for compensation [B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat [C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job [D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations 29.According to Ashe， the leading role in managing the species in______ [A]the federal government [B]the wildlife agencies [C]the landowners [D]the states 30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______ [A]industry groups [B]the win-win rhetoric [C]environmental groups [D]the plan under challenge 答案解析请见第⼆页： >>>>>>答案解析<<<<<< 第⼀篇： 31 答案 B Skepticism 解析：作者观点态度题。
考研英语试题含解答共10题
考研英语试题含解答共10题阅读理解Passage 1:Many people believe that money is the key to happiness. However, research has shown that this is not necessarily true. While money can provide a certain level of comfort and security, it does not guarantee happiness. In fact, studies have found that once a person's basic needs are met, additional wealth does not lead to a significant increase in happiness. Other factors, such as relationships, personal fulfillment, and a sense of purpose, play a much larger role in determining one's overall happiness.Question 1: What does research suggest about the relationship between money and happiness?A) Money is the most important factor for happiness.B) Money guarantees happiness in all situations.C) Additional wealth beyond basic needs does not greatly impact happiness.D) Relationships and personal fulfillment are unrelated to happiness.Answer: C) Additional wealth beyond basic needs does not greatly impact happiness.解析：文章讲述了关于金钱和幸福之间关系的研究。
考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析
考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析英语阅读理解课教学反思推举度：高考阅读理解高频单词推举度：雨的阅读理解答案推举度：高考作文解析及推举度：考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析A great deal ofattention is being paid today to the so-called digital dividethe divisionof the world into the info rich and the info poor. And that dividedoes exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty yearsago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces thatwork against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic。
There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide willnarrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in theinterest of business to universalize accessafter all, the morepeople online, the more potential customers there are. More and moregovernments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spreadInternet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billionpeople onthe planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digitaldivide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very goodnews because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combatingworld poverty that we ve ever had。
考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析(10)
考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析(10)When I decided toquit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a partof a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked myprofessional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile careeralthough, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exitby claiming“I wanted to spend more time with my family”。
Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experimentin what the Americans t erm “downshifting” has turned my tired excuseinto an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate ofthe philosophy of “have it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven yearsin the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit ofeverything。
I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicizedresignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, thatabandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making thealternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success andsocial status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelseyused to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines,the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”。
考研英语阅读理解试题和答案解析
考研英语阅读理解试题和答案解析考研英语阅读理解试题和答案解析2018考研即将到了，在此之前，对于考研英语阅读部分的复习应该如何把握，不如先看看以前的阅读理解试题和答案分析吧。
今天小编给大家整理了考研英语阅读理解试题和答案知识，希望对大家有所帮助。
考研英语阅读理解试题In recent years,railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems,causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top fourrailroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails.Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads willcontrol well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers。
Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers willallow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Anythreat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances,such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroadstherefore have them by the throat。
考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案
考研英语历年英语阅读真题及答案考研英语阅读是考试中的重要部分，通过阅读理解题目，考生可以提升英语语言能力和考试答题能力。
下面将为大家整理一些历年考研英语阅读真题及答案，供各位考生参考。
一、真题一阅读理解题目：Passage 1Questions 1-3 are based on the following passage.Vasily Grossman, a journalist and writer, was recognized only belatedly in the Soviet Union. But by the time of his death in 1964 his works could no longer be ignored or suppressed completely.Grossman was born in a Jewish family in 1905 in Berdichev (Ukraine) and after training for a career in civil engineering became a writer and journalist, first in Ukraine, then in Moscow. His first literary success was a volume of short stories (1934) and his first novel, Stalingrad (1952), established his reputation as a writer of remarkable talents. It is a fine example of the "Bread and Battles" type of fiction-- novels with a Central Russian war theme.Between the wars Grossman established himself as a newspaper reporter of the first rank. At the outbreak of the German invasion in 1941 he became a war reporter. His articles in the army newspaper Red Star had considerable effect. After the war he continued to write--describing, for example, the1943 Battle of Kursk in which a German advance was halted. These articles lead directly to the writing of Stalingrad.In 1959 his novel Life and Fate was finished, and when it became apparent that the manuscript would be suppressed by the authorities, Grossman gave copies to friends. A "textbook example of containment," the manuscript switched across the Iron Curtain and was first published in the West in 1980; in the Soviet Union only an abridged version was eventually published in 1988.Grossman's major themes are war and totalitarianism. He writes with great authority and humanity. In his later years he suffered from cruel persecution at the hands of the authorities and died a broken man.1. Vasily Grossman was initially recognized as a writer(A) during his lifetime(B) after his death(C) when his works were published in the West(D) after his works had been highly evaluated2. Grossman's first novel, Stalingrad, established his reputation by(A) describing a battle of the Second World War(B) criticizing the authorities' persecution(C) relating his post-war experience(D) criticizing totalitarianism3. Grossman's Life and Fate(A) was not praised as much as Stalingrad(B) was first published in the Soviet Union(C) was taken out of the Soviet Union in its entirety(D) was intended to show the effects of containment参考答案：1. A2. A3. C二、真题二阅读理解题目：Passage 2It is a common belief that emotions interfere with our reasoning abilities and lead to irrational decisions. However, recent studies have shown that emotions can actually be beneficial to the decision-making process.One study conducted by neuroscientist Antonio Damasio revealed that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain had difficulty making decisions, even though their intelligence was not affected. This study suggests that emotions play a crucial role in our ability to make choices.Another study conducted by psychologists Loewenstein and Lerner found that individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral. This suggests that emotions can provide valuable information that can aid in decision-making.Furthermore, research has shown that individuals who are able to understand and regulate their emotions have better decision-making skills. This is because emotional intelligence allows individuals to consider both their rational thoughts and emotional responses when making decisions.In conclusion, emotions are not always detrimental to decision-making. They can provide valuable information and aid in the decision-making process. Additionally, individuals who possess emotional intelligence have better decision-making skills overall.4. According to the passage, recent studies have shown that emotions(A) interfere with our reasoning abilities(B) lead to irrational decisions(C) play a crucial role in decision-making(D) have no impact on decision-making5. The study conducted by Antonio Damasio suggests that individuals with damage to a specific part of the brain(A) have difficulty making decisions due to a lack of intelligence(B) have no emotional responses to aid in decision-making(C) are more likely to make irrational decisions(D) experience interference from their emotions when making decisions6. According to Loewenstein and Lerner's study, individuals who experienced mild emotions during the decision-making process(A) made better decisions compared to those who were emotionally neutral(B) were more likely to make irrational decisions(C) had difficulty making decisions due to a lack of emotional responses(D) had no impact on their decision-making abilities参考答案：4. C5. A6. A根据上述两道真题及其答案，我们可以看到考研英语阅读理解题目通常包括一篇或多篇文章，每篇文章后面配有若干问题，考生需要根据文章内容选择正确的答案。
研究生英语阅读教程基础级第二版lesson10课后习题答案
As a general guide, then, read the following items:
The Title. The title often announces the subject of the material and provides clues about the author’s approach or attitude toward the subject.
Hale Waihona Puke 3. In an experiment described as flabbergasting, scientists shone a bright light on the backs of human knees and, in some mysterious way, reset the biological master clock in the human brain. Those treated with the light had their body clocks advanced or delayed by up to three hours, enough to overcome the fatigue associated with familiar forms of jet lag or insomnia. The finding, which is described in the most recent issue of the journal Science, is so surprising that many experts are withholding judgment until the experiment is duplicated later this year. But those who heard the study was carried out by Dr. Scott Campbell and Dr. Patricia Murphy, both at the Laboratory of Human Chronobiology at Cornell University.
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。
There is another way to commit evolutionary : stay alive,but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except insome religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays thenumber of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us haveroughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and theopportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the greatcities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity oftoday―everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring meansthat natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class Indiacompared to the tribes。
考研英语试题精解及答案
考研英语试题精解及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 作者支持全球化。
B. 作者认为全球化对环境有害。
C. 作者认为全球化对经济有益。
D. 作者反对全球化。
答案：C2. 文章中提到的“可持续发展”是指什么？A. 经济增长不牺牲环境。
B. 经济增长以牺牲环境为代价。
C. 只关注经济增长，不考虑其他因素。
D. 只关注环境保护，不考虑经济增长。
答案：A3. 根据文章，以下哪个选项是错误的？A. 发展中国家需要全球化来促进经济增长。
B. 发达国家在全球化中扮演着重要角色。
C. 作者认为全球化是不可逆的趋势。
D. 作者认为全球化是有害的。
答案：D4. 文章中提到的“绿色经济”是什么意思？A. 一种以牺牲环境为代价的经济模式。
B. 一种注重环境保护的经济模式。
C. 一种只关注经济发展的经济模式。
D. 一种不关心经济和环境的经济模式。
答案：B5. 文章中提到的“碳足迹”是指什么？A. 个人或组织对环境的污染程度。
B. 个人或组织对经济的贡献。
C. 个人或组织的社会影响力。
D. 个人或组织的政治影响力。
答案：A二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
In recent years, the concept of a "smart city" has become increasingly popular. A smart city is one that uses technology to improve the quality of life for its residents. For example, a smart city might use sensors to monitortraffic flow and __6__ congestion.6. A. reduceB. increaseC. avoidD. ignore答案：A7. These sensors can also be used to monitor air quality and__7__ any potential health hazards.7. A. identifyB. createC. ignoreD. exaggerate答案：A8. In addition to improving transportation and environmental conditions, smart cities can also __8__ energy use.8. A. increaseB. decreaseC. stabilizeD. fluctuate答案：B9. By using smart grids and energy-efficient buildings, a smart city can __9__ a significant amount of energy.9. A. consumeB. conserveC. wasteD. transfer答案：B10. The ultimate goal of a smart city is to create a more__10__ and sustainable living environment for its citizens.10. A. comfortableB. expensiveC. inconvenientD. unsustainable答案：A三、翻译（共20分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。