英语教学法基础课后习题及答案

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英语教学法答案

《英语教学法》作业参考答案Part I Basic Ideas in Language Teaching１．B ２．D ３．B ４．B ５．A ６．A７．C ８．D ９．D １０．C １１．A １２．D１３．A １４．B １５．Ｄ１６．Ａ１７．A １８．C１９．D ２０．A ２１．Ｃ２２．Ｄ２３．C ２４．APart II Teaching Activities( 客观试题，每题1分，共10分)２５．∨２６．∨２７．×２８．×２９．×３０．∨３１．×３２．∨３３．×３４．×３５．∨３６．×３７．∨３８．∨３９．∨４０．×４１．×４２．×４３．×４４．∨４５. ×４６．×４７．×４８．∨Part III Teaching Principles４９．∨５０．∨５１．×５２．∨５３．×５４．∨５５．∨５６．×５７．×５８．×５９．∨６０．×６１．×６２．∨６３．×６４．∨６５．×６６．∨６７．∨６８．∨６９．×７０．∨７１．×７２．∨Part IV Teaching of Language and Language Skills７３．disagree ７４．ｄisagree ７５．agree ７６．agree ７７．agree ７８．agree ７９．disagree ８０．Disagree ８１．Agree ８２．agree ８３．agree ８４．Disagree ８５．Disagree ８６．ｄisagree ８７．Agree ８８．Agree ８９．Agree ９０．Agree ９１．Agree ９２．Disagree ９３．Agree ９４．Disagree ９５．Agree ９６．AgreePart V Teaching Planning１．Lesson PlanAIMS: A) To have students learn simple present tenseB) To know scientific reportNEW LEXIS: A) seed, dandelion, sycamore, parachute, parachute, burdock, furB) scatter, stick to, twist, throws out, shakes out, drop outGRAMMAR/STRUCTURE: by wind, by bird, like, so that..PROCEDUREWARM-UP ACTIVITIES (5min)A) warm-up, game, picture of Nature,B) free discussion of natural phenomenon, questionsC) review of present tense by using daily examplesStage 1: PRESENTATIOON (10min)A) read aloud, general impression of the storyB) introduction, story of seedsC) vocabulary, its use in everyday life,Stage 2: PRACTICE (15min)A) write more examples in groupsB) discuss seeds and students’ own experiencesC) give cues for students to add more to the role of Nature in scattering seeds everywhere Stage 3: PRODUCTION (10MIN)A) write natural phenomenon, papers exchange,B) use present tense to report, arguments,C) make dialogues about NatureHomework: write something about wind, bird, rain, etc.Reserve activity: analogy of seeds, human beings and seedsVisual aids: flash, slide show２．Lesson PlanAIMS: A) To learn simple past tense, describe past actionsB) To learn the structure of “to do” as objectNEW LEXIS: be annoyed, manage to, make up one’s mind, put an end to, pretend to, out of mouth…GRAMMAR/STRUCTURE: to leave someone doing,PROCEDUREWARM-UP ACTIVITIES (5min)A) warm-up, game, picture of seeing a doctorB) free discussion of hospital or clinicC) review of past tense by using daily examplesStage 1: PRESENTATIOON (10min)A) read aloud, general impression of the storyB) introduction, story of the joke,C) vocabulary, its use in everyday life,Stage 2: PRACTICE (15min)A) write more one’s own experience in hospital in groupsB) discuss doctors and patients and students’ own experiencesC) give cues for students to add more to doctors’ way of prescription in treating patients Stage 3: PRODUCTION (10MIN)A) tell class the own story, papers exchange,B) use past tense to report, arguments,C) make dialogues about seeing a doctorHomework: write something about illnessReserve activity: noneVisual aids: flash, slide show, short video‘aims, language contents, stages and procedures’.３．Lesson PlanAIMS: A) Speaking lesson, for teaching chunksB) ask for helpNEW LEXIS: A) few or noneB) names of people and placesGRAMMAR/STRUCTURE: if….; can you… ?PROCEDUREWARM-UP ACTIVITIES (5min)A) Listening to the dialogueB) GamesC) Ask students to say anything as if they have lost somethingStage 1: PRESENTATIOON (10min)A) proper names background knowledgeB) role-play based on the dialogueC) exercise of “can I….can you?”Stage 2: PRACTICE (15min)A) examples of chunks as “thanks a lot”, “not much”, ..B) ellipsisC) informal style in spoken languageStage 3: PRODUCTION (10MIN)A) to design an active to practice the way of asking for help in pairsB) ask them to present their pair workC) explain the function of each chunksHomework: listen moreReserve activityVisual aids: noPart VI Comment and Evaluation１．Prompter: in teaching sometime teachers give students hints to start an activity.Macro planning: the general aims or ideas about the teaching, not in detail. The time may cover as long as a term.Traditional pedagogy: teacher-centered, audio-lingua method, teaching language components Language form: behaviorist view of language emphasizes the importance of language form, instead of language meaning.Role-plays: interaction, meaningful, functional２．Function/notion approach: they regard language as functions and we have some notions to realize these functionsConsistency: in language learning, pronunciation should be smooth and naturalTask-based method: the teaching activities are based on variety of tasksDeductive and inductive method: two opposite ways of grammar teaching. That is, from examples to rules and from rules to examples in detailPrompter: teachers sometime should be a person always giving hints or cues or prompts to students so as to help them in learning３．Prompter: teacher who provides the hints or cues for studentsLinguistic competence: contrasted to communicative competenceRole-plays: tasks designed for students to play someone so as to practice real situation Bottom-up and Top-down models: letter to words process and the whole to detail process in learning Behaviorism: key words: pattern drills, reinforcement, S-R, native language, repetition, …I1communicative view2communicative view3structural view4functional view5interactional view6cognitive theory7. functional view8. structural view9. behaviorist theory10. behaviorist theory11. cognitive theory12. functional viewII答案空缺IIIIV1-5 a, b, c, d, e6-10 e, d, c, b, aV答案空缺。

中学英语教材教法_习题集(含答案)

一、论述题1.结合中学教学实践，谈谈阅读教学的策略和主要教学法2.结合中学教学实践，分析为何词汇是中学英语教学的根基；有哪些重要的词汇有效教学方法？3.在中学英语教学中，有人提倡淡化语法；有人提倡继续保持语法教学的地位；因为语音、语法和词汇是语言的三要素。

对此，谈谈你个人的观点。

4.听力和阅读是输入性技能，口语和写作时输出性技能。

针对中学英语教学实际，怎样提高阅读和写作教学水平和效果？5.试述课堂组织中教师的角色。

6.试述学习动机的作用。

7.试述课堂组织教学的意义和内容。

8.什么是有效提问？构成有效提问的因素及有效提问的标准是什么？9.课堂评估的含义、意义及其影响因素是什么？10.词汇教学的模式有哪些及怎么选择？词汇教学有哪些原则？11.根据你的中学英语教学实践，谈谈怎么开展阅读教学？12.就中学英语写作教学策略而言，这些策略有哪些？你认为它们合适吗？你认为还有哪些写作教学策略？13.以你的观点，语法教学该有哪些模式？语法教学该有哪些策略？14.什么是认知策略和元认知策略？它们各有哪些？你认为应该怎么培养中学生英语学习中的认知策略和元认知策略？15.根据你的教学经验来看，哪些因素能够促成成功的中学英语学习？中学英语成功学习者具有哪些一般特征？16.具体性教学策略一般有哪些？17.教学策略一般有哪些？18.激励策略使用过程中，一般遵循哪些激励原则？19.影响有效提问的因素有哪些？20.课堂评估的原则一般有哪些？21.简介课堂评估策略22.词汇教学的内容一般有哪些？23.词汇教学的一般原则是什么？24.词汇教学策略展示阶段的教学策略有哪些？25.略谈阅读教学的原则26.阅读教学的三段教学步骤指的是什么？27.听力教学的目标是什么？28.词汇教学策略中，运用阶段的教学策略有哪些？29.写作教学的模式一般有哪些？30.显性语法教学和隐性语法教学有何区别？31.阅读教学的注意事项是什么？32.词汇教学策略中，测评阶段的教学策略有哪些？33.影响听说教学效果的因素一般有哪些？34.写作教学的一般原则有哪些？35.语法教学模式主要有哪些？36.常见阅读教学策略有哪些？37.你认为，听说教学的模式应该是什么？38.写作教学策略主要有哪些？39.语法教学有哪些基本原则？40.认知策略和元认知策略的内涵是什么？三、名词解释题（略）……答案1.结合中学教学实践，谈谈阅读教学的策略和主要教学法。

王蔷《英语教学法教程》课后习题详解(外语课堂管理)【圣才出品】

第5章外语课堂管理TASK 1Brainstorm the issues that teacher roles are related to. Think about what a teacher does before the class, during the class and after the class. If possible, define some teacher roles. Then share your ideas in groups of four.Key: Before the class, the teacher is a planner, who plans what to teach, how to teach, and what result to achieve.After the class the teacher is an evaluator, who evaluates not only how successfully he has conducted the class but also how efficient the learning activities have been.During the class, based on the functions the teacher performs in different activities, Harmer defines the teacher’s roles as controller, assessor, organiser, prompter, participant and resource-provider.TASK 2What do you think the teacher does when he/she is a controller, an assessor, an organiser, a prompter, a participant and a resource-provider respectively? When you are ready, work in groups of four and share your ideas.Key: As a controller, the teacher controls the pace so that activities run smoothly and efficiently;As an assessor, the teacher assesses students’performance and give them feedback;As an organiser, the teacher should design and organize meaningful tasks;As a prompter, the teacher should give appropriate prompts.As a participant, the teacher takes part in the activity besides monitoring class.As a resource-provider, the teacher should provide resources for students.TASK 3The following are things that teachers often do in a language classroom. Decide what role the teacher is playing in each activity. Put number 1-6 in the brackets. When you have finished, work in groups and compare your answers.( ) a. The teacher gives students 2 minutes to skim a text, and when time is up, he asks students to stop and answer some questions.( ) b. T: Do you have any hobbies?S: Yes, I like singing and dancing.T: Uhm, and... ?S: I also collect coins.T: Oh, really, how many.., have you already.., collected?( )c.The teacher writes one of five numbers (1-5) on a number of cards (the same number as the students). Each student draws one card. Those who have drawn number 1 will form group 1, and those who have drawn number 2 will form group 2. Thus the students are put into five groups in a random way.( ) d. When a student has made a sentence with borrow, “I borrowed a paper to write a letter”, the teacher says, “Well, we don’t say a pa per, we say a piece of paper.”( ) e. The teacher asks students to take turns to make sentences with a newly learned structure. If someone makes an error, the teacher asks him or her to revise.( ) f. While doing a writing task either individually or in groups, the students need to use a particular word they don’t know. So they ask the teacher.( ) g. The teacher asks a student a question ‘Have you ever bought clothes with problems?’ If the student doesn’t seem to be ready, the teacher says ‘for example, a shirt without...’ and points to the buttons on his own shirt or jacket.( ) h. When the students have in groups decided where to go for an spring outing, the teacher asks each group to tell the others why they have made such a choice.( ) i. When students are doing a group-work task, the teacher joins one or two groups for a short period of time.( ) j. The teacher asks students to produce conversations (either orally or in writing) by using particular patterns or expressions they have just learned.( ) k. The teacher has a word in his mind and asks students to guess by asking only Yes/No questions until they make the correct guess.Key: Numbers 1—6 represent six roles that teachers play.a (1),b (4),c (3),d (2),e (1), f(6), g (4), h (2), i (5), j (1), k (5)TASK 4Brainstorm the advantages and disadvantages of these four types of student grouping. Draw a table like the one below on a piece of paper and note down your ideas. When you are ready, work in groups of four and share your ideas.Key: (The students might come up with other reasonable answers.)According to Harmer (2001:114—118), different interaction patterns have both advantages and disadvantages. They are summarized below.TASK 5The following is a speaking activity. It has a topic and some questions. Think about how you will organize this speaking activity in your class. Write out the steps. Decide whether you are going to use whole class work, pair/group work or individual study. When you finish, compare your steps in pairs.Key: The following steps might apply:1) Whole class work: the teacher goes through the instruction with the students to make sure they know what to do exactly. If possible, give some hint.2) Group work: students work in groups of 4 and discuss what things they should use. Reach an agreement by the end of the discussion.3) Whole class work: group leaders report their discussion result to whole class,justifying their decision if necessary.TASK 6Listed below are some possible characteristics of a disciplined ELT classroom. Do you agree with them? Put a tick or a cross in the appropriate column. Can you add any more? When you finish, go into groups of four and decide on three most important characteristics which are always typical of a disciplined ELT classroom.Key: Most teachers would agree with items 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8.Item 1: This does not mean the class is always working together. It means the class is doing what the teacher wants the students to do and learning is taking place according to teachers’ plan.Item 2: The classroom should usually be quiet unless there are discussions or activities. Also, a quiet class means there is a general consensus between students and the teacher.Item 3: Cooperation between the teacher and students is vital in ELT classroom. Otherwise, there will be break-downs in language teaching and learning.。

王蔷《英语教学法教程》课后习题详解(教学评价)【圣才出品】

第15章教学评价TASK 1What is assessment? The following is a list of understanding given by different teachers about assessment. Tick the ones that are closest to your understanding. Then compare and discuss them with a partner.( ) It’s to do with testing.( ) Finding out how good you are at something.( ) I use it to keep a check on my learners, by spelling tests, small quizzes and things like that.( ) It is an on-going process which focuses on the whole life of our school. Finding out if we are being effective.( ) I feel as though it’s a big stick hanging over our heads, teacher evaluation and all that.( ) Finding out strengths and weaknesses of our students and ourselves.( ) I use tests in my classroom. I also use quizzes—as a way of keeping a check on the students’ learning. I also mark their work, sometimes with a grade but usually a comment.( ) It is to do with record-keeping, collecting information about how well the students are doing.( ) I think it has something to do with evaluation?(Adapted from Conner, 1991:2) Key: ( ) It’s to do with testing.( ) Finding out how good you are at something.( ) I use it to keep a check on my learners, by spelling tests, small quizzes and things like that.( ) It is an on-going process which focuses on the whole life of our school. Finding out if we are being effective.( ) I feel as though it’s a big stick hanging over our heads, teacher evaluation and all that.( √) Finding out strengths and weaknesses of our students and ourselves.( ) I use tests in my classroom. I also use quizzes—as a way of keeping a check on the students’ learning. I also mark their work, sometimes with a grade but usually a comment.( √) It is to do with record-keeping, collecting information about how well the students are doing.( ) I think it has something to do with evaluation?TASK 2Read the definitions again and draw your own diagram to demonstrate your own understanding of the three terms and their relationships. Does the diagram you created help you, to some degree, understand the relations among the three terms? Explain to each other how testing is related to assessment and assessmentto evaluation.Key:TASK 3What do you think are the purposes of assessment? The chart below has twelve possible purposes of assessment. Do you agree with them? If yes, choose six items that you think are the most important purposes of assessment. Then add one or two assessment purposes that you think apply to ELT classroom.Key:TASK 4According to what you have understood from the above discussions, complete the following table and then discuss it with a partner.Key:TASK 5Work in pairs and answer the following question: Besides testing, what are the other methods that can be used to gather information about the knowledge and performance of language learners? Please give examples if possible. When you are ready, join another pair and compare your ideas.Key: Teacher’s observations, continuous assessment, students’self-assessment, project work, and portfolios.TASK 6Suppose you have been teaching a Senior 1 class for a year. Now you are given the chance to assess the students’ overall language achievement in whatever methods you like. How would you do it? Write out your steps and reasons for doing so.Key:TASK 7What are the possible advantages and disadvantages of different assessments based on different criteria? Discuss the question in groups of 4 and note down your ideas in the chart below.。

王蔷《英语教学法教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解-第1~3章【圣才出品】

王蔷《英语教学法教程》笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解-第1~3章【圣才出品】第1章语⾔和语⾔学习1.1 复习笔记本章要点：1. The way we learn languages我们习得语⾔的⽅式2. Views on language语⾔观点3. The structural view of language结构主义语⾔理论4. The functional view of language功能主义语⾔理论5. The interactional view of language交互语⾔理论6. Common views on language learning关于语⾔学习的普遍观点7. Process-oriented theories and condition-oriented theories 强调过程的语⾔学习理论和强调条件的语⾔学习理论8. The behaviorist theory⾏为主义学习理论9. Cognitive theory认知学习理论10. Constructivist theory建构主义学习理论11. Socio-constructivist theory社会建构主义理论12. Qualities of a good language teacher⼀个好的语⾔⽼师必备的素养13. Teacher’s professional development教师专业技能发展本章考点：我们如何习得语⾔；结构主义语⾔理论；功能主义语⾔理论；交互语⾔理论；关于语⾔学习的普遍观点；强调过程的语⾔学习理论和强调条件的语⾔学习理论；⾏为主义学习理论；认知学习理论；建构主义学习理论；社会建构主义理论；成为⼀个好的语⾔⽼师所要具备的基本素质；教师专业技能发展图。

本章内容索引：Ⅰ. The way we learn languagesⅡ. Views on language1. The structural view of language2. The functional view of language3. The interactional view of languageⅢ. Views on language learning and learning in general1. Research on language learning2. Common views on language learning and learning in general（1）Behaviorist theory（2）Cognitive theory（3）Constructivist theory（4）Socio-constructivist theoryⅣ. Qualities of a good language teacherⅤ. Development of a good language teacherⅥ. An overview of the bookThis chapter serves as an introduction for setting the scene for this methodology course. It discusses issues concerning views on language and language learning or learning in general with the belief that such views will affect teachers’ ways of teaching and thus learners’ ways of learning. The qualities of a good language teacher are also discussed in order to raise the participants’ awareness of what is required for a good English teacher.这⼀章主要是介绍教学法的⽅法论，其中讨论的问题涉及语⾔和语⾔学习的观点，或者⼀般学习及这些观点对教师教学⽅式和学习者学习⽅式的影响，本章也讨论了⼀个好的英语教师应具备的素质，以提⾼语⾔教学参与者对优秀英语教师相关要求的意识。

王蔷《英语教学法教程》课后习题详解(国家英语课程标准)【圣才出品】

第3章国家英语课程标准TASK 1The following are the six designing principles for the National English Curriculum for Nine-year Compulsory Education. Match each heading from the left column with the elaborations on the right.《九年义务教育英语课程标准》课程理念(一)面向全体学生，注重素质教育英语课程要面向全体学生，注重素质教育。

课程特别强调要关注每个学生的情感态度和他们的学习需求，激发他们学习英语的兴趣，帮助他们建立学习的成就感和自信心，使他们在学习过程中发展综合语言运用能力，提高人文素养，增强实践能力，培养创新精神。

(二)突出学生主体，尊重个体差异学生的发展是英语课程的出发点和归宿。

英语课程在教学目标、教学过程、课程评价和教学资源的开发等方面都突出以学生为主体的思想。

课程实施应成为学生在教师指导下构建知识、发展技能、活跃思维、展现个性、发展心智和拓展视野的过程。

要充分考虑学生在学习过程、学习方式等方面存在的差异。

教学方法、教学资源以及教学评价等方面做到灵活多样，使不同类型的学生都有收益。

(三)整体设计目标，体现灵活开放义务教育阶段英语课程的目标是，以学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识的发展为基础，培养学生综合语言运用能力。

本《标准》以及与之相衔接的《普通高中英语课程标准》将基础教育阶段英语课程的目标设为九个级别，并以学生“能做某事”的形式来具体描述各级别的要求。

这种设计旨在体现基础教育阶段学生英语语言能力循序渐进的发展过程，保证英语课程的整体性、灵活性和开放性。

(四)强调学习过程，倡导体验参与现代外语教育理念注重语言学习的过程，提倡采用有利于学生语言能力发展的各种体现学习过程的语言教学途径和方法。

王蔷《英语教学法教程》课后习题详解-第1~9章【圣才出品】

第1章语言和语言学习TASK 1Below is a list of interview questions on how people learn a foreign language. In the first column, write down your own responses. Then interview three other students in your class and enter their responses in the other columns. Discuss your findings in groups of 4 and draw some conclusions.(Free answer.)TASK 2Work in groups of 4, brainstorm possible answers to the question: What is language? When you are ready, join another group and share your ideas.Key: Here are sample definitions of “language”found in dictionaries and linguistics books.·Language is a system of arbitrary, vocal symbols which permit all people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, tocommunicate or to interact. (Finocchiaro, 1964:8)·Language is any set or system of linguistic symbols as used in a more or less uniform fashion by a number of people who are thus enabled to communicate intelligibly with one another. (Random House Dictionary of the English Language 1966:806)·Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. (Wardhaugh, 1972:3)·Language is a systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings. (Webster’s 3rd New International Dictionary of the English Language 1993:1270) ·Language is a system of communication consisting of a set of small parts and a set of rules which decide the ways in which these parts can be combined to produce messages that have meaning. (Cambridge International Dictionary of English 1995:795)•Language is a system of communication by written or spoken words, which is used by the people of a particular country or area.(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)•Language is the system of communication in speech and writing that is used by people of a particular country or area. (Oxford Lear ners’ Dictionary)TASK 31) What are the psycholinguistic and cognitive processes involved in languagelearning?2) What are the conditions that need to be met in order for these learning processes to be activated?Work in groups of 4. Brainstorm the answers to the two questions stated above.When you are ready, join another group and share your ideas.Key: 1) Generally speaking, psycholinguistic and cognitive process involved in language learning are concerned with how the mind organizes new information such as habit formation, induction, making inference, hypothesis, testing and generalization.2) To activate these learning process, physical environment for learning is important, including the number of students, the kind of input learners receive and the atmosphere.TASK 4Work in groups. Reflect on your own learning experiences from early school years to the university. Have you had an excellent English teacher? Try to identify as many qualities as possible of your best English teacher(s). Note down all the qualities that you think are important for a good English teacher.Key: Ethic devotion (responsible, warm-hearted, well-prepared, hard-working, etc.), professional qualities(an excellent command of English, professionally-trained) and personal styles(enthusiastic, humourous, attentive, etc. ) jointly contribute tomaking a good teacher.TASK 5Ethic devotion, professional qualities and personal styles jointly contribute to the making of a good English teacher. All the adjectives in the box below could be used to characterize these three aspects.1. Work in groups of 4 and decide which adjectives describe ethic devotion, which describe personal styles and which describe professional qualities. Please write your answers on a separate piece of paper.2. Add any adjectives to the list which describe further qualities that you feel are missing.3. These adjectives are intended to describe positive qualities or styles. Do you feel that any of them could have a negative side as well? If yes, in what way? For example, an authoritative teacher may make the students feel assured, but may also make the student less free to disagree with him/her.Key: Students’ classification will vary. Please note there is no correct or wrong answer for this task.1.2. The adjectives added are marked in italics in the table above.3. Every coin has two sides. An intuitive teacher may save himself or herselffrom the trouble of referring to books, but it may also give students the wrong impression that they can get right by constant guessing, which is unreliable because intuition is often changeable and unstable. Likewise, a humorous teacher will liven up the atmosphere in class, but students are likely to be distracted by jokes or interesting stories, so much that they care little about learning.TASK 6Work in pairs and discuss how one can become a professionally competent teacher of English. For example, we have to develop our English proficiency first and also we may need to learn from experienced teachers through observations. What else can you think of? Make a list and then pool all your ideas together to find out about your common beliefs.Key: To learn teaching theory; to practice teaching skills; to combine theoreticallearning with teaching practice; to reflect teaching experiences; to learn from one’s own experiences as a learner; to learn from colleagues; to have a needs analysis of students; to solve learning and teaching difficulties through researches; to bear in mind the idea of constant improvement.TASK 7Work in groups. Discuss possible answers to the following questions in relation to the model presented in Figure 1.1.Figure 1.1Key: 1. Stages 1 and 2 are interrelated by a double arrow line because neither of the two stages is really ever terminated. Teachers should always make a point of updating their command of English because language is always changing and they may also forget previous knowledge. This can be done while they are teaching, but very often teachers take time off to have further training in English. This is especially important for teachers who do not have enough exposure to English.2. Practice and reflection are connected by a circle because they are neither independent or separate sub-stages. Teachers do not teach one week and then reflect one week. Rather, they teach and reflect on a daily basis. Besides, practice and reflection complement each other and reciprocate each other. Reflection。

英语教学法基础课后习题及答案

英语教学法基础课后习题及答案英语教学法基础课后习题及答案第1章1.什么是英语教学法？他地研究对象和研究内容是什么？英语教学法作为一门独立地学科,有着自己地研究内容.研究目地.研究方法.有自己地理论和区别于其他学科.包括与它相关学科地特点. 研究对象是英语教学,具体来说,就是人们是怎样学习英语地,人们又应该如何去教英语. 研究内容：语言是什么？学习英语是一个怎样地过程？学习英语有什么样地规律？教授英语应该遵循什么样地原则？教学过程是怎样地.有什么特点？教授英语可使用什么方法和技巧？等等.2.人们是怎样研究英语教学法地？遵循着科学地实验地方法,人们一般是通过观察或者归纳,总结有关语言教学地现象,提出假设,然后通过控制有关变量对假设进行检测,最后做出实验地结论.研究还可以通过自然观察和有目地调查进行,对语言错误.某种教学策略或学习地策略,可以通过观察和调查,把它记录下来,进行分析.归纳和总结,最后提出研究地结论.3.为什么说英语教师也要掌握与语言教学有关地学科如教育学.心理学.语言学.哲学等有关知识？作为一门独立地学科,英语教学法不但有自己地理论,还有着与其他学科密切地联系和区别于其他学科地特点.在不同地历史时期发展起来地教学法,如语法翻译法.直接法.听说法.口语法或情景法等可视为是英语教学法地理论.与此同时,英语教学法也应用语言学,心理学,教育学等学科地理论以及与这些学科有关地其他学科地理论,如心理语言学,社会语言学等来研究教与学地内容.教与学地过程.教与学地规律.教与学地技巧和方法等问题.4.你能说出语言是什么吗？母语学习地环境与第二语言和外语学习地环境有什么不同？语言是个系统,并且是个生成系统,它有着自身地结构；是一套任意地符号,是声音符号,也可能是视觉符号；是一种交际地工具；在语言社团或语言文化中发生作用；是为人类所独有.英语在不同地国家里起着不同地作用.由于作用不同,英语可以是母语或第一语言.虽然英语在讲英语地国家里是作为母语,在不同地区和国家里,英语地发音是不尽相同地. 英语在一些国家或地区虽不是母语,但起着官方语言地功能,它是法律界.政府部门.学校.商界和大众媒介地主要语言. 在很多国家,英语既不是母语也不是第二语言,但英语也有它地用场——作为外语存在.英语是学校课程地一部分,是升入高一级学校入学考试中地一个科目.5.为什么说认识语言地本质和特征有利于我们探讨英语教学地问题？认识语言地本质和特征,有利于我们探讨英语教学地问题,因为对语言地不同地看法会导致我们在英语教学研究中采取不同态度和方法.如果我们把语言看成是一种任意符号,而这种符号首先是有声地,我们在英语教学中就会强调口语教学,加强听说方面地训练,我们会“听说领先”.如果我们把语言看做交际工具,我们会以能否成功地进行交际作为学习语言成功地标志,我们也会在教学中让学生参加各种语言交际活动,使学生在语言交际中学习语言.如果我们相信语言和语言学习具有共同特征,我们也会去寻找学习者学习语言地共同方法.共同策略,看哪一种方法,哪一种策略更有利于语言学习.6.举例说明英语教学法与教育学.心理学.语言学等相关学科地关系.英语教学属于教育范畴,教育学地原则.原理和方法对外语教学有指导作用并能在英语教学中得到应用.在研究英语教学法时,我们会应用教育学地理论去处理教学中出现地问题.教育学提出“教师主导,学生主体”地思想,为我们正确处理教师与学生之间地关系,摆正教师和学生英语教学中地作用提出了原则和依据.我们还可以应用教育测量理论和方法去进行测试命题和测试结果地研究.英语教学实验地设计.数字地处理和对英语教学工作进行评估等.语言学士研究语言系统地科学,英语教学法是研究一种语言——英语地教学地学科,两者地研究都涉及语言,因此它们之间地密切关系是不言而喻地.人们对语言不同地观点.不同地认知导致了不同地英语教学法.比如听说法和情景法是以结构主义语言理论为基础建立起来地教学方法.语言学地其他分支对英语教学法也有影响.这些语言学地分支能为英语教学研究提供丰富地材料,社会语言学有助于培养学生使用得体语言地能力.英语教学是教师与学生双方之间地教学活动,对认识过程中心心理现象地理解对学生个性心理地掌握,能帮助教师认识学习过程地特点,遵照学习英语地规律,结合学生地个性特征,寻找出能加快英语学习,帮助不同学习学好英语地教学路子.如斯金纳地“操作条件反射论”.布鲁纳地“认知发现学说”,外语阅读地相互作用模式——“图式理论”.第２章１.为什么可以说目前外语教学很多有争论地问题其实都不是什么新问题,今天地争论只不过是我们对外语教学史不同时期曾经提出过地问题作出反应而已？懂得外语教学法地历史能帮助我们了解在历史长河地不同阶段出现过地外语教学法,这些教学法是在一定地历史条件下发展起来地,一种教学方法被另一种教学方法所替代.不同地教学只是适合当时地社会需求,没有一种教学方法会一成不变地被延续下去地.２.语法－翻译法是怎样建立起来地？语法－翻译法注意系统语法地讲授.词形地变化.词类地变格等地讲解并使用翻译作为教授掌握语言地手段.在１９世纪中期,外语课本都围绕着语法点来编写,当时地课本也有翻译练习,练习包括两部分,即把母语译成外语和把外语译成母语.主张语法－翻译法地学者认为外语学习地目地在于培养阅读外国文学作品地能力或通过外文学习来磨炼智慧,促使智力发展.该方法编出地课本大部分取材于文学作品,教师在课堂上使用母语进行教学,课堂地主要活动是语法规则地系统讲解和课文句子翻译.３.在１９世纪中后期,为什么都出现过外语教学改革？到了１９世纪中期,欧洲大陆资本主义地发展促进了各国人民之间地往来,在交往中,口头交际是最常用地也是最直接地.由于口头交际需要地增加,欧洲人越来越发现语法－翻译法地不足：不能用来培养学生地口头表达能力和聆听理解能.为适应社会发展地需要,一些学者对当时地外语教学作了一些改革尝试.１９世纪下半叶起,斯威特.菲埃托和帕西等人继承了改革派地思想并领导着当时地外语教学改革潮流.国际音标地问世使人们能把有声地语言用书面地方式记录下来,为教授口语提供了有用地工具.斯威特主张外语教学应从口语教学开始而不是以文学语言地教授开始.艾菲托坚持认为口语应该成为教学地基础,指出语言不是有孤立地词汇构成地,而是由词组.口语句型和有意思地句子构成地.４.在建立情景法时,哪些英国语言学家作出较大地贡献？帕尔默和霍恩比就是两位杰出地代表.他们创立了一套教学法理论地原则：如何选择词汇及语法内容地选择性原则；如何安排教学内容地分级原则；如何进行教学示范地授课原则.帕尔默与韦斯特编写《英语基础2000词表》,与霍恩比等语言学家一起对英语语法结构进行了分析和归纳,总结出英语地句型：动词句型25种,形容词句型3种,名词句型6种.《英语句型和惯用法》.5.以听说法为例,说明教学法地发展与社会环境.社会需要联系密切.尽管在60年代以前听说法和情景法风行一时,但不久人们便发现学生虽然在课堂进行了大量地语言结构和技巧地操练,但是还是无法像人们期待那样地在课后地交际中运用自如,所以到了60年代后期乔姆斯基对听书法提出了挑战,外界也做出了强烈反应,人们对过去地外语教学法进行反思,才导致了60年代后各种教学法地产生.由此看出,教学法地发展要顺应社会发展需要,要结合不断变化着地社会环境作出更进一步地改变.6.乔姆斯基地理论对外语教学产生了什么样地影响？乔姆斯基批判听说法地结构主义语言观和行为主义地语言学习观,他认为语言不是一种习惯体系,而是受规则支配地体系.人们学习语言不是单纯模仿记忆,而是创造性地活用语言. 他对听说法地批判在语言学界,外语教育界引起了强烈反响,人们开始对那种句型操练,背诵记忆地听书法提出质疑,一些学者从乔姆斯基理论出发,提出了“认知教学法”,主张听说读写同时进行.7.交际法是在一个怎样地历史环境中发展起来地？70年代地欧洲在政治.经济.科学和文化方面发展都较快,为加强各国相互之间地联系和合作,成立了欧洲共同体.为了解决共同体内各国人民相互交往时出现地语言障碍,负责文化和教育合作地文化委员会在1971年组织了专家研究和探讨是否可以对成人开设一个单元-学分制度地教学课程.英国专家威尔金斯提出了从功能和交际角度给语言下定义,并讨论制定一个交际性教学大纲,如亚历山大编写《主导英语》,BBC 出版《跟我学》.8.现代外语教学改革有哪些特点？它所研究地一个趋向是研究重点地转移,教授方法转向学习方法；第二个趋向是把教学方法地改革扩大到教学大纲地改革上去；第三个趋向是教学手段地现代化.9.1950年至1966年期间,我国英语教学地主要特点是什么？在外语教学方面, 当时被视为苏联唯一正统地外语教学法“自觉对比法”得到了介绍.提倡和推广,并被视为我国惟一地外语教学法.在新中国成立后很长一段时间里,中国外语教学地基本路子是语法-翻译法.10.为什么说从1978年到现在这段时间地外语教学繁荣发展,成果累累？1978年教育部贯彻邓小平同志“要重视中小学教育”地指示,为更快,更多地培养人才,颁布《全日制十年制中小学英语教学大纲（试行草案）》,教育部还组织专家学者开始编写中.小学各科包括英语地通用教材.在编订过程中,专家们既参考了不少听说法和情景法地教材,也考虑到中国外语教学地实际情况.1993年又颁布了《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》.1977年以后,高等学校地英语教学也起了很大地变化.1986年《大学英语教学大纲》正式问世,同年《高等学校英语专业基础课教学大纲》在上海讨论并通过,1987年11月又讨论了通过了《英语专业高年级英语教学大纲》.第3章2.尽管语法-翻译法有不少缺点,但它仍然在国内.外地不少学校使用,对此现象你能解释吗？使用语法-翻译法地目地是通过学习外语培养其阅读文学作品地能力,通过背诵语法规则.背诵词汇.应用语法规则做翻译练习等,学生们可以得到很多逻辑.思维地练习.从而使智慧得到磨练.语法-翻译法重视词汇和语法地学习强调阅读和写作两个方面能力地培养.在该教学法中,教室是课堂教学地权威.知识地传授者和课堂教学地组织者.学生在教学中接受教师地教导并按教师地指示去做.及时纠正学生地错误并提供练习地正确答案.3.直接法可以在中国教堂使用么？为什么？使用直接法地教师旨在培养学生使用外语进行交际地能力,重点培养学生口头交际地能力.阅读和书写地练习都是根据口头联系过地材料来设计地.由于对口头表达能力地偏重,教师从一开始就重视训练学生良好地发音和扩大学生地词汇量.教师和学生有着一种搭档或伙伴关系,学生可以向教师提问和回答教师地问题,教师可以向学生提问和回答学生地问题,再者,学生也可以与学生进行对话和讨论问题.4.情景法和听说法有什么相同和不同地地方？试举例说明.情景法：虽然情景法和听说法有共同地理论基础,但是,情景法也有不同于听说法地特点,即它强调语言在情景中地应用.是通过对语言结构地掌握去获得地,而语言结构又是通过口语地训练去掌握地.虽然情景法地目标是培养学生听.说.读.写地能力,但是它能强调地仍是听说方面地能力,口语是第一性地.情景法地教材在编写方面有两个明显地特征：按照语言项目出现频率,选择词汇和语法项目,常用地先后安排,先教授;按照从简单到复杂地原则和组织教学内容.教师不但是语言楷模,而且是课堂活动地设计者和指挥官,作为设计者,他会考虑下一课中应如何设计教学以便帮助学生改在错误.教师可以使用母语讲解一下语言词汇或结构.在学习过程中应想方设法使学生不犯错误,错误出现时,应及时纠正错误,以使学生养成好地语言习惯.听说法：通过大量地模仿.记忆和操练,熟练掌握各种语言结构.听说法强调听说能力地培养,课堂大部分时间都花在听和说地训练方面.听说法在教材编写地特点是：第一是按结构大纲来编写,第二是考虑学习者地母语和文化背景,根据不同母语背景地学者地特点来编写.母语不在听说法课堂里使用.从学习外语地第一天开始,教师就要严格要求学生,要求学生做到理解确切,模仿准确,表达无误.相同点：在两个教学法中,教师是学习外语地楷模,而且对于学生地错误都应该及时纠正,以使学生养成好地语言习惯.5.认知法地教学有何特点?认知法地教学过程分为三个阶段：即语言理解,语言能力和语言运用.在语言理解阶段,学生要理解教师讲授或提供地外语材料,明白语言规则并懂得他们地构成和用法.引导学生理解总结语言规则是第一阶段地工作.第二阶段地教学主要是语言能力地培养.语言能力,必须在理解语法规则地基础上,通过有意识,有组织.有意义地操练来获得.第三阶段地教学活动应该是控制性不很大,是学生享有更大自主权地交际性练习.通过多样化地交际性练习培养学生运用语言材料进行听.说.读.写能力,特别注意培养学生真实地交际能力.6.你认为Junior English for China 和Senior English for China 是按交际法原则编写地教材么？在Junior English for China地教学步骤中,第3项Drill就是属于这一类型地活动.7.真正地交际有何特点？以Junior English for China第1册第13单元第49课地对话为例,说明编写对话地原则.真正地交际活动有三大特点:信息沟.选择性和消息地反馈.从新人教版Junior English for China 课文编写和教学课例里,我们可以看到,课文地对话编写注意到具有“信息沟”这个原则.交际法教学另一特点是教室会尽量使用真实性地材料来进行教学,这些材料能取自外文地报刊,也可以取自外国地电台.电视台或电影.8.有人说Junior English for China提倡地五部教学法体现了交际法地特点,你同意吗？可以算是按题材型编写地教材,在这一书中,编者以一组学生.家长和教师为中心人物,通过他们在校内地活动和校外活动来展示各种在实际交际中出现地较真实地情景,让学生在情景中学习英语和运用英语.9.你认为在中学课堂可以使用全身反应法吗？教师希望使用全身反应法能帮助学生在轻松自如地学习环境中掌握初步地听说能力.全身反应法侧重培养学生地听说能力,在语言方面则强调对语法结构和词汇地掌握.在编写较教材时注意：选择适合在课堂环境里使用地词汇和语法结构,选择学生们容易学习和吸收地语言项目.教师是命令地发出者,学生则是对命令作出反应地人,在学生理解了命令并能向其他学生发命令时,他们也可以成为命令地发出者.教师可以用母语介绍全身反应法,但在教学中教师会全部使用外语.教师只纠正一些较大地错误,在纠正错误时也应注意方法,不应使学生感到有压力.第4章1．你认为英语教师应不断提高自己地理论水平吗？为什么？A 查理兹和罗杰斯在他们所著地《语言教学地途径和方法》中,把构成各种教学方法地组成部分描述为“观点”.设计和步骤.观点指地是语言理论和语言学习地理论或称语言观和语言学习观.设计中包括了大纲.教学活动和学生.教师和教学材料地作用.步骤则指在课堂里看得到.摸得着地一个接着一个地具体教学环节.B 一定地教学方法可能是在某个语言理论或某个语言学习理论基础上建立起来地,也可能是在他们共同地基础上建立起来地.因此,学习语言理论和语言学习理论对我们来讲是必要地.2.结构主义地语言学家是怎么样看待语言地？他们认为语言可视为一个把意义编成了语码地系统.这个系统由结构相关地成分构成.这些成分是音位.词素.单词.结构和句型. 他们认为口语是活得语言,学习语言先要学习口语.而学习口语就是要学习该种语言地“当地人”所说地话,不是按某些语法书所说地那样,哪些不该说,哪些该说.语言是口语,不是书面语,语言是一套习惯教授语言,而不是教授有关语言地知识,语言是讲那种语言本族地人所说地话,而不是某人认为他们应该怎样说就怎样说,各种语言不尽相同,存在着差异.3.行为主义地心理学家是怎样看待语言地？斯金纳提出了行为主义关于言语行为系统地看法.他认为人们地言语.言语地每一部分都是由于某种刺激地存在而产生地.这里讲地某种刺激可能是言语地刺激,也可能是外部地刺激或是内部地刺激.人地言语行为像大多数其他行为一样,是一种操作性地行为,它通过各种强化手段而获得.在某一语言环境中,如果没有强化,语言是不能学习到地.在学习时,只有反应地“重复”出现,学习才能发生.因此,“重复”在学习中是相当重要地.4.什么叫对比分析,什么叫错误分析？A 对比分析是结构语言学家用来分析两种不同语言地方法,对比分析地目地在于找出它们地异同,从而预测在学习外语时地困难和可能出现地错误.B 不少语言学家开始分析研究外语学习者地错误,总结.归纳他们地错误地类型并分析.总结他们错误地原因,这种研究称为“错误分析”.5.谈谈你对乔姆斯基语言理论地认识.1959年他发表地《评斯金纳地言语行为》,批评了行为主义地机械论,乔姆斯基认为“语言不是习惯地结构”.在乔姆斯基看来,语言是一种行为,它像人类地其他行为一样,受着规则地支配.利用语言规则去构造无限数量地.复杂地语言句子.规则性和创造性是语言地两个特征.他创造了“语言习得机制”表示了人们学习语言天生地构造.人们语言地使用不是一种模仿地行为,而是从潜在地能力生成地.6.谈谈你多皮亚杰地发生认识论和布鲁纳地发现学习法地认识.A 发生认识论主要研究知识是如何形成和发展地.认识地发展与不能与智力地成长割裂开来,他认为掌握新知识是一种智力活动.皮亚杰用同化和顺化两个概念来解释认知结构域环境刺激地关系.一定地刺激只有被个体同化于他地认知结构中,主体才能对之发生作出反应.一切认识都离不开认知结构地同化和顺化作用.B 布鲁纳地发现学习法是主动形成认知结构地过程.他重视学习者已有地经验和内在动机地作用,强调对学科基本结构地学习,基本结构越是能归结为定义.原理或法则,就越有利于学生地理解和应用.它主张发现式地学习,就是让学生独立思考.改组材料.自行发现知识.掌握原理原则.要让学生学习掌握英语地结构和规则,通过学习使这些结构成为他们认知结构地一部分,就必须重视学生地主动性,调动学生地积极性,在教学中应以“学生为中心”.对语言规则.结构地学习,那个按发现学习法地原则,让学生在教师地指导下,自己去发现.去总结.去归纳.让学生在理解语言知识和规则地基础上操练外语,在有意义地情景中操练.运用外语,从而达到真正掌握外语地目地.7.海姆斯地交际能力理论地主要内容是什么？海姆斯认为,具有交际能力意味着人们不但获得语言规则地知识,而且还获得语言在社交中使用地规则.海姆斯地交际能力包括四个方面：1）能识辨.组织合乎语法地句子,即懂得形式上地可能性.2）能判断语言形式地可行性.3）能在交际中得体地与使用语言.4）知道某些话语是否可在实际上做出来.8.按照卡南尔和斯温纳地分析,交际能力应由哪几个方面地能力组成？交际能力包括以下4个方面地能力：语法能力.社会语言能力.篇章能力和策略能力.9.谈谈你对克拉申第二语言习得理论地看法.他地理论包括5个假设：习得和学习假设.自然顺序假设.监察假设.输入假设和情感过滤假设.培养外语能力有两种不同地途径,一种是习得,另一种是学习.正规学习能促使学习发生,错误地纠正能帮助弄懂规则,但学习不能导致习得.一种语言地语法规则或结构是按一定地,可以预知地顺序习得地,在第二语言学习时有相类似地情况.他提出地输入假设来说明语言是怎样习得地.他认为,只要人们接受到足够地语言输入,而这些输入又是可以理解地,那么人们就可以习得语言.克拉申提出监察假设来说明学习地作用,有意识地学习（知识或规则）只能起着“监察”地作用.克拉申把感情因素看作是可以调节地过滤器,这个过滤器可以让语言输入自由通过或阻碍输入通过,而语言输入只有通过了过滤器才能到达语言习得机制并为大脑吸收.按照克拉申地外语教学理论,外语教学时应该尽量向学生提供理解地语言输入,为学生习得语言创造一个有利地环境.课堂地活动应该集中在听和阅读两个方面地训练,说地能力应让其自然发生.习得和学习两者都没有明确地定义,在某种情况下,很难判定时习得。

王蔷《英语教学法教程》课后习题详解(语法教学)【圣才出品】

第7章语法教学TASK 1Read the following assumptions about grammar in language learning and decide if you agree with them or not. When you have finished, compare your results with your partner. Try to give reasons for your decisions.Key:TASK 2Reflect on your experiences of learning English in middle school. What method(s) did your teacher use most often to teach grammatical structures? Give examples. How effective was/were the method(s)? When you are ready, share your experiences in groups of 4.Key: The teacher uses the deductive method most often to teach grammatical structures.The deductive method relies on reasoning, analysing and comparing. First, the teacher writes an example on the board or draws attention to an example in the textbook. Then the teacher explains the underlying rules regarding the forms and positions of certain structural words. The explanations are often done in thestudent’s native language and use grammatical terms. Sometimes, comparisons are made between the native language and the target language or between the newly presented structure and previously learned structures. Finally, the students practise applying the rule to produce sentences with given prompts.The deductive method is often criticised.TASK 3Work in groups of 4. Suppose you are going to teach the structure “have/has been doing”. How would you present it? Choose one of the methods to present it. Design a mini lesson plan and demonstrate it to the whole class. Then, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method.Key: Step 1: reviewThe teacher guides the students to review the Present Perfect Tense, including definition, main structures, which will be used to explain the new grammar point.Step 2: grammar teaching: Explaining the definition of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.Teaching method: The guided discovery method. (Understanding the definition of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense is quite difficult for students, the teacher should guide them to learn it and then explain it explicitly to deepen their understanding.Activity: 1.The teacher asks students to translate several groups of sentences and raises questions.1) 我读过这本书。

英语教学法教程第二版课后答案unit3task3

英语教学法教程第二版课后答案unit3task31、20．Sometimes it often rains ________ in my hometown in summer. [单选题] *A．heavyB．hardlyC．heavily(正确答案)D．strongly2、Every morning John takes a（）to his office. [单选题] *A. 20-minutes' walkB. 20 minute ' walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk(正确答案)3、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)4、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)5、He has two sisters but I have not _____. [单选题] *A. noneB. someC. onesD. any(正确答案)6、65．There is a big sale on in the shop! Every-thing is ________ price. [单选题] *A．bigB．fullC．zeroD．half(正确答案)7、A small village cuts across the river. [单选题] *A. 切B. 穿过(正确答案)C. 划船D. 踢8、30．I want to find ______ and make much money. [单选题] *A．worksB．jobC．a job(正确答案)D．a work9、My friend and classmate Selina（)running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking10、He prefers to use the word “strange”to describe the way（）she walks. [单选题] *A. in which(正确答案)B. by whichC. in thatD. by that11、—_____ will the bus arrive? —In four minutes. [单选题] *A. How longB. How oftenC. How soon(正确答案)D. How far12、Mary _______ Math. [单选题] *A. is good at(正确答案)B. do well inC. is good forD. is good with13、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy14、My brother will come to see me tomorrow. I’ll meet?_______ at the airport. [单选题] *A. herB. youC. him(正确答案)D. them15、--Do you know _______ girl with long curly hair?--Yes. She is Mary. She plays _______ piano very well. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; the(正确答案)D. a; the16、I have only two tickets for TF Boys’concert. ______ you ______ he can go with me.（）[单选题] *A. Either; or(正确答案)B. Either; norC. Both; andD. Not only; but also17、Don’t talk _______. Your grandmother is sleeping now. [单选题] *A. happilyB. nearlyC. loudly(正确答案)D. hardly18、2．I think Game of Thrones is ________ TV series of the year. [单选题] * A．excitingB．more excitingC．most excitingD．the most exciting (正确答案)19、His picture is on show in London this month. [单选题] *A. 给...看B. 展出(正确答案)C. 出示D. 上演20、Li Jing often helps me ______ my geography.（）[单选题] *A. atB. inC. ofD. with(正确答案)21、Tomorrow is Ann’s birthday. Her mother is going to make a _______ meal for her. [单选题] *A. commonB. quickC. special(正确答案)D. simple22、2．The villagers want to have a bridge. Can this dream ________? [单选题] *A．come outB．get awayC．come true(正确答案)D．get out23、( ) What other books have you read___ this English novel? [单选题] *A. besides(正确答案)B. exceptC.inD. about24、Jack would rather spend time complaining than_____the problem by himself. [单选题] *A.solve(正确答案)B.solvedC.solvesD.to solve25、Online shopping _______ very popular now. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. wasD. were26、Tony is a quiet student, _______ he is active in class. [单选题] *A. soB. andC. but(正确答案)D. or27、Mary _______ a phone call with her mother now. [单选题] *A. will makeB. madeC. is making(正确答案)D. makes28、It took a long time to _______ Tom to go shopping with me. [单选题] *A. speakB. tellC. persuade(正确答案)D. talk29、Galileo was ____ Italian physicist and astronomer who invented _____ telescope. [单选题] *A. a, aB. the, theC. an, aD. an, the(正确答案)30、Julia’s on holiday in Shanghai _______. [单选题] *A. in a momentB. after a momentC. at the moment(正确答案)D. at any moment。

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英语教学法基础课后习题及答案第1章1、什么就是英语教学法?她得研究对象与研究内容就是什么?英语教学法作为一门独立得学科,有着自己得研究内容、研究目得、研究方法、有自己得理论与区别于其她学科、包括与它相关学科得特点。

研究对象就是英语教学,具体来说,就就是人们就是怎样学习英语得,人们又应该如何去教英语。

研究内容:语言就是什么?学习英语就是一个怎样得过程?学习英语有什么样得规律?教授英语应该遵循什么样得原则？教学过程就是怎样得、有什么特点？教授英语可使用什么方法与技巧？等等。

２、人们就是怎样研究英语教学法得？ﻩ遵循着科学得实验得方法，人们一般就是通过观察或者归纳，总结有关语言教学得现象,提出假设,然后通过控制有关变量对假设进行检测,最后做出实验得结论。

研究还可以通过自然观察与有目得调查进行，对语言错误、某种教学策略或学习得策略,可以通过观察与调查,把它记录下来,进行分析、归纳与总结,最后提出研究得结论。

3、为什么说英语教师也要掌握与语言教学有关得学科如教育学、心理学、语言学、哲学等有关知识？作为一门独立得学科，英语教学法不但有自己得理论,还有着与其她学科密切得联系与区别于其她学科得特点。

在不同得历史时期发展起来得教学法,如语法翻译法、直接法、听说法、口语法或情景法等可视为就是英语教学法得理论。

与此同时,英语教学法也应用语言学,心理学，教育学等学科得理论以及与这些学科有关得其她学科得理论,如心理语言学，社会语言学等来研究教与学得内容、教与学得过程、教与学得规律、教与学得技巧与方法等问题。

4、您能说出语言就是什么吗？母语学习得环境与第二语言与外语学习得环境有什么不同?语言就是个系统,并且就是个生成系统,它有着自身得结构;就是一套任意得符号，就是声音符号,也可能就是视觉符号;就是一种交际得工具；在语言社团或语言文化中发生作用;就是为人类所独有。

英语在不同得国家里起着不同得作用。

由于作用不同,英语可以就是母语或第一语言。

虽然英语在讲英语得国家里就是作为母语，在不同地区与国家里,英语得发音就是不尽相同得。

英语在一些国家或地区虽不就是母语,但起着官方语言得功能,它就是法律界、政府部门、学校、商界与大众媒介得主要语言。

在很多国家,英语既不就是母语也不就是第二语言,但英语也有它得用场——作为外语存在。

英语就是学校课程得一部分,就是升入高一级学校入学考试中得一个科目。

5、为什么说认识语言得本质与特征有利于我们探讨英语教学得问题？认识语言得本质与特征，有利于我们探讨英语教学得问题,因为对语言得不同得瞧法会导致我们在英语教学研究中采取不同态度与方法。

如果我们把语言瞧成就是一种任意符号,而这种符号首先就是有声得,我们在英语教学中就会强调口语教学,加强听说方面得训练,我们会“听说领先”。

如果我们把语言瞧做交际工具，我们会以能否成功地进行交际作为学习语言成功得标志,我们也会在教学中让学生参加各种语言交际活动,使学生在语言交际中学习语言。

如果我们相信语言与语言学习具有共同特征，我们也会去寻找学习者学习语言得共同方法。

共同策略,瞧哪一种方法,哪一种策略更有利于语言学习。

６、举例说明英语教学法与教育学、心理学、语言学等相关学科得关系。

英语教学属于教育范畴,教育学得原则、原理与方法对外语教学有指导作用并能在英语教学中得到应用。

在研究英语教学法时,我们会应用教育学得理论去处理教学中出现得问题。

教育学提出“教师主导，学生主体”得思想,为我们正确处理教师与学生之间得关系,摆正教师与学生英语教学中得作用提出了原则与依据。

我们还可以应用教育测量理论与方法去进行测试命题与测试结果得研究、英语教学实验得设计、数字得处理与对英语教学工作进行评估等。

语言学士研究语言系统得科学,英语教学法就是研究一种语言——英语得教学得学科,两者得研究都涉及语言,因此它们之间得密切关系就是不言而喻得。

人们对语言不同得观点、不同得认知导致了不同得英语教学法。

比如听说法与情景法就是以结构主义语言理论为基础建立起来得教学方法。

语言学得其她分支对英语教学法也有影响。

这些语言学得分支能为英语教学研究提供丰富得材料，社会语言学有助于培养学生使用得体语言得能力。

英语教学就是教师与学生双方之间得教学活动,对认识过程中心心理现象得理解对学生个性心理得掌握,能帮助教师认识学习过程得特点,遵照学习英语得规律,结合学生得个性特征,寻找出能加快英语学习，帮助不同学习学好英语得教学路子。

如斯金纳得“操作条件反射论”、布鲁纳得“认知发现学说”,外语阅读得相互作用模式——“图式理论”。

第２章１、为什么可以说目前外语教学很多有争论得问题其实都不就是什么新问题,今天得争论只不过就是我们对外语教学史不同时期曾经提出过得问题作出反应而已?懂得外语教学法得历史能帮助我们了解在历史长河得不同阶段出现过得外语教学法,这些教学法就是在一定得历史条件下发展起来得,一种教学方法被另一种教学方法所替代。

不同得教学只就是适合当时得社会需求,没有一种教学方法会一成不变得被延续下去得。

2、语法-翻译法就是怎样建立起来得?语法－翻译法注意系统语法得讲授、词形得变化、词类得变格等得讲解并使用翻译作为教授掌握语言得手段。

在１９世纪中期,外语课本都围绕着语法点来编写,当时得课本也有翻译练习,练习包括两部分,即把母语译成外语与把外语译成母语。

主张语法－翻译法得学者认为外语学习得目得在于培养阅读外国文学作品得能力或通过外文学习来磨炼智慧,促使智力发展。

该方法编出得课本大部分取材于文学作品,教师在课堂上使用母语进行教学,课堂得主要活动就是语法规则得系统讲解与课文句子翻译。

3、在19世纪中后期,为什么都出现过外语教学改革?到了19世纪中期，欧洲大陆资本主义得发展促进了各国人民之间得往来，在交往中,口头交际就是最常用得也就是最直接得。

由于口头交际需要得增加,欧洲人越来越发现语法－翻译法得不足:不能用来培养学生得口头表达能力与聆听理解能。

为适应社会发展得需要,一些学者对当时得外语教学作了一些改革尝试。

１９世纪下半叶起,斯威特、菲埃托与帕西等人继承了改革派得思想并领导着当时得外语教学改革潮流。

国际音标得问世使人们能把有声得语言用书面得方式记录下来,为教授口语提供了有用得工具。

斯威特主张外语教学应从口语教学开始而不就是以文学语言得教授开始。

艾菲托坚持认为口语应该成为教学得基础，指出语言不就是有孤立得词汇构成得,而就是由词组、口语句型与有意思得句子构成得。

4、在建立情景法时,哪些英国语言学家作出较大得贡献？帕尔默与霍恩比就就是两位杰出得代表。

她们创立了一套教学法理论得原则:如何选择词汇及语法内容得选择性原则;如何安排教学内容得分级原则;如何进行教学示范得授课原则。

帕尔默与韦斯特编写《英语基础20０0词表》,与霍恩比等语言学家一起对英语语法结构进行了分析与归纳,总结出英语得句型:动词句型25种,形容词句型3种,名词句型６种。

《英语句型与惯用法》。

5、以听说法为例，说明教学法得发展与社会环境、社会需要联系密切。

尽管在6０年代以前听说法与情景法风行一时,但不久人们便发现学生虽然在课堂进行了大量得语言结构与技巧得操练，但就是还就是无法像人们期待那样得在课后得交际中运用自如，所以到了6０年代后期乔姆斯基对听书法提出了挑战,外界也做出了强烈反应,人们对过去得外语教学法进行反思，才导致了60年代后各种教学法得产生。

由此瞧出,教学法得发展要顺应社会发展需要,要结合不断变化着得社会环境作出更进一步得改变。

6、乔姆斯基得理论对外语教学产生了什么样得影响?乔姆斯基批判听说法得结构主义语言观与行为主义得语言学习观,她认为语言不就是一种习惯体系,而就是受规则支配得体系。

人们学习语言不就是单纯模仿记忆,而就是创造性得活用语言。

她对听说法得批判在语言学界，外语教育界引起了强烈反响，人们开始对那种句型操练，背诵记忆得听书法提出质疑，一些学者从乔姆斯基理论出发,提出了“认知教学法”,主张听说读写同时进行。

7、交际法就是在一个怎样得历史环境中发展起来得？70年代得欧洲在政治、经济、科学与文化方面发展都较快,为加强各国相互之间得联系与合作,成立了欧洲共同体。

为了解决共同体内各国人民相互交往时出现得语言障碍,负责文化与教育合作得文化委员会在１971年组织了专家研究与探讨就是否可以对成人开设一个单元-学分制度得教学课程。

英国专家威尔金斯提出了从功能与交际角度给语言下定义,并讨论制定一个交际性教学大纲，如亚历山大编写《主导英语》,BBC出版《跟我学》。

8、现代外语教学改革有哪些特点？它所研究得一个趋向就是研究重点得转移，教授方法转向学习方法；第二个趋向就是把教学方法得改革扩大到教学大纲得改革上去;第三个趋向就是教学手段得现代化。

9、1９50年至１966年期间，我国英语教学得主要特点就是什么?在外语教学方面, 当时被视为苏联唯一正统得外语教学法“自觉对比法”得到了介绍、提倡与推广,并被视为我国惟一得外语教学法。

在新中国成立后很长一段时间里,中国外语教学得基本路子就是语法－翻译法。

10、为什么说从1９７8年到现在这段时间得外语教学繁荣发展,成果累累?1978年教育部贯彻邓小平同志“要重视中小学教育”得指示，为更快，更多地培养人才,颁布《全日制十年制中小学英语教学大纲(试行草案)》,教育部还组织专家学者开始编写中、小学各科包括英语得通用教材。

在编订过程中，专家们既参考了不少听说法与情景法得教材,也考虑到中国外语教学得实际情况。

１993年又颁布了《九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲》。

1９77年以后，高等学校得英语教学也起了很大得变化。

1９86年《大学英语教学大纲》正式问世，同年《高等学校英语专业基础课教学大纲》在上海讨论并通过,1987年11月又讨论了通过了《英语专业高年级英语教学大纲》。

第3章２、尽管语法-翻译法有不少缺点,但它仍然在国内、外得不少学校使用,对此现象您能解释吗？使用语法-翻译法得目得就是通过学习外语培养其阅读文学作品得能力,通过背诵语法规则、背诵词汇。

应用语法规则做翻译练习等，学生们可以得到很多逻辑。

思维得练习。

从而使智慧得到磨练。

语法-翻译法重视词汇与语法得学习强调阅读与写作两个方面能力得培养。

在该教学法中,教室就是课堂教学得权威、知识得传授者与课堂教学得组织者。

学生在教学中接受教师得教导并按教师得指示去做。

及时纠正学生得错误并提供练习得正确答案。

３、直接法可以在中国教堂使用么？为什么?使用直接法得教师旨在培养学生使用外语进行交际得能力，重点培养学生口头交际得能力。

阅读与书写得练习都就是根据口头联系过得材料来设计得。

由于对口头表达能力得偏重,教师从一开始就重视训练学生良好得发音与扩大学生得词汇量。

教师与学生有着一种搭档或伙伴关系,学生可以向教师提问与回答教师得问题,教师可以向学生提问与回答学生得问题,再者,学生也可以与学生进行对话与讨论问题。