英汉语言对比练习
英汉语言对比与翻译练习
英汉语言对比与翻译练习注意事项：１．英汉语言句法／句式差别；２．体会英汉互译句式转换规律；Sentences:1.In praising the logic of the English language we must not lose sight of the fact that in mostcases where, so to speak, the logic of facts or of the exterior world is at war with the logic of grammar.2.邢夫人携了黛玉坐上，众老婆们放下车帘，方命小厮们抬起，拉至宽处，加上训骡，出了西脚门往东，过荣府正门，如一黑油漆大门内，至仪门前，方下了车。
3.When about three hundred men had been landed from these vessels and were marchingrapidly to camp, the Morini, who had been left by Caesar in a state of peace when he set out for Britain, were fired by the hope of booty, and surrounded the troops, at first with no very large number of folk, bidding them lay down their arms if they did not wish to be killed.4.I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointedto a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.5.Mr. Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three shots.6.And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she know had known his mother and thekind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born..7.The original members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated inthe United Nations conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.8.After watching the fish for some time, they asked me for pairs of several different kinds,pointing them out as they walked down the row of tanks. I netted their choices into a traveling container and slipped it into an insulated bag for transport, handing it to the boy. “carry it carefully,” I cautioned.9.Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load.10.Loneliness held the great masses of immigrants together, and poverty kept them down.11.Starvation was a remote threat.12.There is a crying need for a new remedy.13.There was a mumbled conversation in the background. Then a man’s voice came on thephone.14.The whole devastating experience sharpened my appreciation of the world around me.15.She was always a crier any way.16.The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley, following a thaw-swollen stream.17.The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he wasvery hungry because he had had no food for two days.18.A long course of poverty and humility, of daily privations and hard words, of kind office andno returns, had been her lot ever since womanhood almost, or since her luckless marriage with George Osborne.(Vanity Fair chapter 57)19.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities iscompounded by the paucity of the information media.20.Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depressionat coming to Prague.21.Under these conditions there is a large store of energy available to maintain the pressure of theoil zone while production is taking place. This energy actually comes from the expansion of the aquifer water caused by the reduction in pressure resulting from the removal of oil from the reservoir.22.Two hundred pounds of muscle and sinew created by hard work and clean living had meltedto a hundred and sixty-odd; his senior clothing flagged about him.23.Because of the definite feeling in the country that the recession has bottomed out, only 31% ofthose surveyed now believe that the U.S. runs a risk of a major depression, down from 43% in February.24.The community of fowls to which Tess had been appointed as supervisor, purveyor, nurse,surgeon, and friend, made its headquarters in an old thatched cottage standing in an enclosure that had once been a garden, but was now a trampled and sanded square.( Tess of the D’urberville P60)25.By this time there had arisen a shout of laughter at the extraordinary appearance of Car’s back;which irritated the dark queen into getting rid of the disfigurement by the first sudden means available and independently of the help of the scoffers. She rushed excitedly into the field they were about to cross, and flinging herself flat on her back upon the grass began to wipe her gown as well as she could by spinning horizontally on the herbage and dragging herself over it upon her elbows. (Tess P70)26.The young girls formed, indeed, the majority of the band, and their heads of luxuriant hairreflected the sunshine every tone of gold, and black, and brown. Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure: few, if any, had all. A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads, and to dissociate self-consciousness from their features, was apparent in them, and showed that they were genuine country girls, unaccustomed to many eyes. (Tess of the D’urbervilles, Chapter II)27.林小姐这天从学校回来就撅起小嘴唇.她掼下书包,并不照例到镜台前梳头发搽粉,却倒在床上看着帐子出神.28.八一嫂正气得抱着孩子发抖，忽然见赵七爷满脸油汗，瞪着眼，准对伊冲过来，便十分害怕，不敢说完话，回身走了。
英汉语言对比-习题·+答案
英汉语言对比-习题·+答案预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制英汉语言对比Synthetic vs. AnalyticⅠ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1.What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized?According to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, A synthetic language is “Characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationship s”2.What are analytical languages（分析语）? How are they characterized?According to The Random House College Dictionary, An analytic language is “Characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs and changes in words order to expr ess syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”.3.Why English language is more flexible in word order（语序）? Why is it not so inChinese?Because word order is more connected with the formal changes. If the form change is more flexible, the word order is more flexible. Chinese language is an analytic language, the word order cannot be change at random, in which the relationship between the words are closely related with word order and function words.4.What is the usual word order in English sentences? Whatare the nine types ofinversion in English sentences?The usual word order in English sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. The nine types of inversion in English sentences include: interrogative inversion, imperative inversion, exclamatory inversion, hypothetical inversion, balance inversion, link inversion, signpost inversion, negative inversion, metrical inversion.1. 5.What are the E—C differences in formal words（形式词）?English language is featured in its abundant function words, of which is article. Articles are frequent employed. To use an article or not, and to use a definite one or an indefinite one, makes great difference in expression of meaning. Auxiliary are more frequently used in Chinese. Chinese language contains auxiliary for tense, structural and mood. This last category is especially unique in the language for the richness for delineation of emotions, like the letters 呀、啦、哦、嘛、呢，and others.6.How many kinds of formal words （形式词）are there in English language?2.There are five types of formal words, that is:i.article, including a, an, and the;ii.preposition, like on, in, to, for, as, at, of, with, from, across, etc.;iii.auxiliary verb, like will, do, have;iv.coordinator, including and, but, or;subordinator, like unless, after, for, due to, etc.7.Why Chinese is called Tone Language（声调语言）?Chinese tone can be used for indicating the change of meaning and is not suitable for expressing the certainty, completeness, independence or finality.Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.1.11.综合语的特征是经常性、系统性的运用曲折形式来表现语法关系为特征的语言，分析语的特征是分析语的特征是相对频繁地使用功能词，助词和改变词序来表达句法关系，而不用曲折形式来表达。
英汉对比研究练习题
1.小妹心地善良，性情温和，对她朋友这种没有心肝的行为实在看不顺眼。
2.打肿脸充胖子，吃亏是自己。
3.不到黄河心不死。
4.虽然一部分是真的，但不见得全部都如此。
5.万一有紧急情况，请按红色按钮以切断电源。
6.他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。
7.她说话时，泪水长流。
8.他还没有交赎金ransom，我们就把他放了。
1、他拉过一把椅子放在客人的后面。
2、第二天早上，他到镇上借钱买茶叶。
3、他解开大襟上的纽扣，又抓着衣角扇了几下，站起来回家去。
4、她抱住女儿的头痛哭着。
5、她腋下夹着几本书回来了。
6、我要带着孩子到街上走走。
7、暑假里他乘火车到西安去参观。
8、他打发儿子到城里去买些酒来。
1.Xiaomei’s kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her friend’s callous behavior.2.If you get beyond your depth , you’ll suffer.3.Until all is over , ambition never dies.4.While this is true of some , it is not true of all.5.Should there be an urgent situation, press the red button to switch off the electricity.6.Because he was convinced of the accuracy of the fact, he stuck to his opinion.7.While she spoke , the tears were running down.8.They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.1. He drew up a chair and put it behind the guest.2. The next morning he went into town to borrow money for buy ing tea.3. He unfastened his jacket and swung its opened edges back and forth a few minutes to fan himself.4. Then he stood up and started for home.5. Hugging her daughter, she broke down completely.6. He came back home with some books under his arm.7. I’ll take my child to the street for a walk.8. He went to Xi’an for a visit during the summer vocation. 9. He sent his son to town to buy some wine.。
英汉语言对比作业
The ST:The Real Audrey"My career is a complete mystery to me. It's been a total surprise since the first day. I never thought I was going to be an actress; I never thought I was going to be in movies. I never thought it would all happen the way it did."The real Audrey Hepburn story begins with a little girl who experienced the cruelty and consequences of World War II and who never forgot what liberation felt like or the images of aid arriving to her and thousands like her in Holland.Although she had dreamed of becoming a prima ballerina since childhood, the war rendered her physically incapable of it. Instead, Audrey turned a lost dream into the next best thing; she took modeling jobs where she learned to work in front of the camera, used her training to compete with 4,000 dancers for one of ten spots in a chorus line and, eventually, found herself in front of a motion picture camera. Within three years, the whole world would come to know Audrey as Princess Anne in Roman Holiday. And that is how we came to know her, be captivated by her, and why we are still in love with her.With over 25 movies to her credit, there is no doubt that Audrey achieved a rarefied position as beloved actress and icon of style. Yet, Audrey always considered her work as a UNICEF International GoodwillAmbassador her greatest role. And that is the beauty of Audrey's legacy; that we have the opportunity to know and appreciate her gifts, both as an actress and devoted humanitarian.〈280字，来源：赫本官方网站〉The TT:我们的公主“对我来说,我的事业一直是以一个我不知道下一步会发生什么的形式，在我面前展开成一个世界。
英汉对比单元测试题及答案
英汉对比单元测试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在英语中，“book”一词的意思是：A. 书B. 笔C. 桌子D. 椅子答案：A2. 英语中的“happy”和汉语中的“快乐”在意义上：A. 完全不同B. 部分相似C. 完全相同D. 部分相反答案：C3. 汉语中的“苹果”在英语中对应的词是：A. appleB. orangeC. bananaD. grape答案：A4. 英语中的“she”指的是：A. 他B. 她C. 它D. 他们答案：B5. 以下哪个词组在英语和汉语中意义相同？A. 看医生B. 看门狗C. 看电影D. 看风景答案：C二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）6. 英语中的“family”在汉语中通常翻译为_。
答案：家庭7. 汉语中的“学习”在英语中可以翻译为_。
答案：study 或 learn8. 英语中的“thank you”在汉语中通常翻译为_。
答案：谢谢9. 汉语中的“老师”在英语中对应的词是_。
答案：teacher10. 英语中的“good morning”在汉语中翻译为_。
答案：早上好三、翻译题（每题5分，共30分）11. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语：- "What's your name?"答案：你叫什么名字？12. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语：- 我喜欢吃苹果。
答案：I like eating apples.13. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语：- "Where are you going?"答案：你要去哪里？14. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语：- 她是一名医生。
答案：She is a doctor.四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）15. 英语和汉语在语法结构上有哪些主要差异？答案：英语和汉语在语法结构上的主要差异包括：英语使用主谓宾结构，而汉语则更倾向于主谓宾或主宾谓；英语中动词时态和语态的变化较为复杂，汉语则通过时间词和上下文来表达；英语中有明确的冠词使用规则，而汉语中则没有冠词。
英汉语言对比及翻译作业
英汉语言对照与翻译作业1.It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressedso clearly that all who run may read, and very naturally it does notoccur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.翻译：以为自己的思想高深，不行能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念想。
这样的作家产然不会想到，问题仍是出在自己脑子缺少精准思虑的能力。
2. He had a disconcerting habitof expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.翻译：他有一种令人不安的习惯：一会儿一个见解，自相矛盾，变化无常。
3．While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of MissPinkerton ’ s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness,driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour. (Thackeray)翻译： (当时 )这个世纪刚过了十几年。
英汉语言对比_华中科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
英汉语言对比_华中科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.How are you Lennox? Good to see you ______ and about.参考答案:up2.英语的句子书面上以句号、问号或感叹号结尾，句子的界限非常清晰。
参考答案:正确3.古英语词汇在现代英语词汇中无足轻重。
参考答案:错误4.______进入英国，使得英语越来越规范。
参考答案:印刷术5.声母和韵母相同的字、词，其意义往往靠不同的______来区别。
参考答案:声调6.I cannot care less about the result of the interview. 该句的译文是______?参考答案:我一点也不在乎这次面试的结果。
7.汉语的被动式所表达的一般是不如意或不企望的事情参考答案:正确8.I'd do it with pleasure, only that I am too busy. 该句的译文是______?参考答案:我很高兴去做这件事，只是我太忙了做不了。
9.隐喻类似于传统意义上修辞学中的暗喻，指人们用一个具体的概念来理解另一个抽象概念的方式。
参考答案:正确10.英语的结构被动句要比汉语结构被动使用频率高得多。
参考答案:正确11.汉语中的婚姻表达比英语中包含更多的容器隐喻。
参考答案:正确12.“他最近情绪很低落。
"该句的译文是 He's been so ______ lately.参考答案:down13.“望子成龙”的译文是“to hope one's children will ______”。
参考答案:have a bright future14.“pull one's leg”的译文是______?参考答案:开玩笑15.“喜结连理，百年好合。
”该句中包含的婚姻隐喻是______？参考答案:婚姻是连接16.连动结构中所有动词与同一主语构成主谓关系。
英汉语言对比
英汉语 言对比
静态与 动态
形合与 意合
树状与 竹状
主语与主题
试比较以下的汉英句子，你有什么发现？
只要用功读书，就能提高成绩。 If one studies hard enough, one will … 国庆节七天我们第一天全家人北京路购物。 On the first day of the seven-day National Day holiday, our whole family … 刮风了，下雨了。 It is windy and rainy.
主语与主题
现在请大家通过翻译一下的简单句子掌握这一技巧。 1.I would not believe what he said. 他的话，我可不信。 2.I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting. 会上讲了什么，我一点也没记住。 3.He is the best singer. 唱歌，他是最棒的。
形合与意合
思考：汉语也 和英语一样具 有基本句型吗？
形合与意合
在不同语言中，句子内部连接或者外部连接几乎都是用三 中手段：句法手段（Syntactic），词汇手段（Lexical equivalence)和语义手段（Semantic connection)。用前两种手段 连接成为形合（hypotaxis），用后一种手段连接成为意合 （parataxis）。 英语句法结构重形合，句中各个成分的相互结合常用适当 的连接词语，以表示其结构关系。 汉语句法结构重意合，句中各个成分的相互结合多依靠语 义的贯通，语境的映衬，少用连接词语。
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Chapter 1Ⅰ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary.1. What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized?2. What are analytical languages（分析语）? How are they characterized?3. How man formal changes are possible to English words? Is there any formal change（形态变化）in Chinese language?4. Why English language is more flexible is word order（语序）? Why is it not so in Chinese?5. What is the usual word order in English sentences? Which are the nine types of inversion in English sentences?6. What are the E—C differences in formal words（形式词）?7. How many kinds of formal words （形式词）are there in English language?8. How is English phonological system(语音系统) formed? How is Chinese one?9. Does Chinese phonological and characteristic system have any advantage in literary forms?10. Why Chinese is called Tone Language（声调语言）?Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.11.综合语的特征是，分析语的特征是。
12. 英语有变化，词序比汉语，但相对。
13. 英语属于语言。
14. 、和是表达语法意义的三大手段。
15. 形态变化就是词的变化，包括形态和形态。
16. 现代英语的变化主要包括、、、、、、、等变化。
17. 汉语的数量助词有，动态助词有、和等。
18. 汉语结构助词、、类似于应用英语形态变化，但缺乏普遍性。
19. 英汉语在主谓宾的排列上都是顺序。
20. 汉语的定语一般放在名词的，英语的定语一般放在名词的。
21. 汉语没有形态变化，少用或不用词，没有从句，名词之前定语的长度。
22. 汉语的事件顺序和逻辑顺序是按照、、的顺序。
23.英语的虚词包括、、、、。
24.汉语的虚词包括、和。
25. 英语的语音系统由、、和组成。
26. 汉语的语音系统由、和组成Ⅲ.Translation between E/C LanguagesDirections: Translate the Chinese/English sentences into their target language. Pay attention to the use of omission strategy. Try to make your translation brief.27. 中国人也好，外国人也好，死人也好，活人也好，对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。
（what is right is right, what is wrong is wrong, no matter he is a Chinese or foreigner, dead or alive）.28. 她有野心，她姐姐野心更大，想成为一个大明星。
29. 在当今中国，人人都在练功夫，功夫课也成为中国中部地区一些中学的必修课。
30.上学的，上学了；下海的，下海了。
(some went to college, and the other got into business)31. 这是一部美国的热门影片。
32. 周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴。
33. 如蒙早日寄来样品和报价，我方将不胜感激。
34. 我们大家都看出他能说会道。
35. 这笔资金注入，将给这个城市带来活力。
36. 骄傲使人落后。
37. 一把大火把整个村子烧成了白地。
38. 我们必须阻止陌生人靠近。
39. 我觉得自己就要死了样的。
40. 他觉得全身上下的肌肉都在颤动。
41. 这种结果真让我郁闷。
42. 该型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。
43. 新疆产地毯图案新颖，色调雅致，备受青睐。
44. According to John, my cousin, London was most beautiful then.45. In three hours we reached Washington monument, our destination46. Chinese understandably spoke with proud of their achievements in the last decade.47. I asked him to teach me French.48. I invited him for a dinner at my home.49. The earthquake reduced all the houses into pieces.Chapter 2Ⅰ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary.1. Why English is called compact（聚集）language while Chinese diffuse（流散）one?2. What is the basic structure in English sentence?3. How many basic sentence types are there in English language?4. In which way English sentences can be enlarged?5. In which means can the compactness of English sentence be guaranteed?6. Which is the characteristic of Chinese predicates?7. What are the regular types of Chinese sentence?8. Why there are many illogical expressions in Chinese? Give some examples.9. How is Chinese sentence variation embodied?10. How do you understand the quotation in the end of the paragraph?Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.11. 英语的主谓结构由和组成。
12. 英语的主谓结构。
可以归结为五种基本句型，即、、、和。
13. 英语基本句型的变式有、和。
14. 英语基本句型的扩展可以通过和进行。
15. 英语句子不流散的原则是一致原则，包括一致、一致和一致。
Ⅲ.Translate between E/C LanguagesDirections: Translate the Chinese/English sentences into their target language. Pay attention to the choice of subject in your translation. Try to make your translation brief.16. The unexpected return of his wife gave him a big surprise.17. I am glad that you close the door when you leave.18. He who pollutes pays19. The town was visited by a storm.20. Punishment should be given to the violators of laws.21. 这种自行车价廉物美，在中东很畅销。
22. 中国地大物博人口众多，中国人过去也常常以此自豪。
23. 教高年级的翻译课，我不是很有经验。
24. 婚姻的事，年轻人自己做主了。
25. 女儿的心事，做娘的清楚得很。
26. 这件事我还被蒙在鼓里呢。
27. 钱，我来想办法。
28. 改革的目的是为了发展生产力。
29. 她很喜欢中国画。
30. 他点点头，意思是他听见了，但没表示同意或不同意。
31. 我们深信，我方的产品会受到欧洲市场的欢迎。
32. 我很荣幸今天有机会参加这个派对。
33. 一个外表和谈吐都很美国化的中年人，坐到了车里。
34. 吃苦在前，享受在后。
※<第三章>Chapter 3Ⅰ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary.1. What is the definition in Chinese of hypotaxis（形合）?2. What is the definition in Chinese of parataxis（意合）?3. What is relative? What is conjunction? What are their functions?4. What are the functions of preposition?5. What are the advantageous of hypotaxis in your opinion?6. Why Chinese tend to use covert cohesion?7. What are the regularities in Chinese language organization?8. What means of parataxis are used in Chinese language?9. How to turn English into Chinese in terms of their meaning and structure?10. What are the characteristics in hypotactic structure?Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.11. 汉语意合法采取的手段包括、、和。