The Outline of Revision
英语教学法教程12 Teaching Writing
2. Why do we write?
We write for various reasons, to convey messages, to keep a record of what is in our mind, to communicate, to raise awareness of how language works, to become more familiar with the linguistic and social conventions of writing in English, etc.
details 9. Posing questions about the text 10.Finding answers to posed questions
11. Connecting text to background knowledge 12. Summarizing information 13. Making inferences 14. Connecting one part of the text to another 15. Paying attention to text structure 16. Rereading 17. Guessing the meaning of a new word from context 18. Using discourse markers to see relationships 19. Checking comprehension 20. Identifying difficulties 21. Taking steps to repair faulty comprehension 22. Critiquing the author 23. Critiquing the text 24. Judging how well objectives were met 25. Reflecting on what has been learned from the text
revision翻译术语
revision翻译术语Revision翻译术语，指的是对文本、文件、作品等进行修改和修订的过程。
下面是一些与revision相关的术语及其用法和中英文对照例句：1. Proofreading（校对）：检查文本中的拼写、语法、标点符号等错误，并进行修正。
- The proofreading stage is essential to ensure the accuracy of the final document.（校对阶段对于确保最终文档的准确性至关重要。
）2. Editing（编辑）：对文本进行修改，以提高其准确性、流畅性和可读性。
- The editor suggested several revisions to improve the clarity of the article.（编辑提出了几处修改意见，以提高文章的清晰度。
）3. Rewriting（重写）：对文本进行全面修改，以改变其结构、语言和风格。
- The author decided to rewrite the entire chapter to make it more engaging for the readers.（作者决定重写整个章节，使其更具吸引力，以吸引读者。
）4. Peer review（同行评审）：由专家或同行对文本进行审查和评估，以确保其质量和准确性。
- The research paper went through a rigorous peer review process before being published.（这篇研究论文在发表之前经过了严格的同行评审过程。
）5. Track changes（显示修改）：在文档中显示修改和修订，以便作者和编辑进行查看和审阅。
- The track changes feature in Microsoft Word allows multiple users to collaborate on a document and see all the revisions made.（Microsoft Word的“显示修订”功能允许多个用户共同编辑一个文档，并查看所有的修改。
SUMMARY OF REVISIONS
SUMMARY OF REVISIONS
The referee reports on the original manuscript are generally positive regarding the technical content but suggest major changes in the presentation. The manuscript has been substantially revised in response. Sections 1 and 2 are essentially unchanged. The construction of section 3 demonstrating redundancy of demand is now performed in two steps as follows. 1. For demand of object tickets the construction is very easy. 2. For demand of subject tickets the construction is more complicated. The constructions are illustrated in gure 1 and intuitively motivated before presenting their formal details. In section 4 these constructions are extended to simulate ampli cation, which is now also called conditional demand. The extension is done in two steps corresponding to the above as follows. 1. For ampli cation of object tickets the extension is straightforward. 2. For ampli cation of subject tickets the extension works only for what we call non-peer ampli cation. i
Writing the Outline of the Research Paper
Writing the Outline of the Research Paper1. What is an outline?An outline is a working and orderly plan that classifies the segments of the research and the ideas of the researcher into very clear and logical categories, and a vitally important step to the discovery of what needs to be expressed in the paper.A Working Outline and a Final OutlineA working outline might be only an informal list of topics and subtopic which you are thinking of covering in your paper.A final outline should enhance the organization and coherence of your research paper.2. Types of Outline Symbols1) The standard outline symbols2) The decimal outline symbols3. Types of OutlinesTopic Outline, Sentence Outline and Paragraph OutlineA standard sentence outline sampleHawthorne’s Conflicting Views on the Wor ld in the Scarlet LetterThesis Statement: Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter reflects his conflicting views on the world and demonstrates that he is both a critic and an heir of Puritanism.Audience:Current college and university studentsOutline:I. The Scarlet Letter tells a story about sin and pain.A.The Scarlet Letter is not a story of adultery,but of sin and its effects.1.T he main characters in the story are allsinners.2.H awt horne calls the story “a hell-firedstory”.B.The three sinners all suffer greatly and failto escape their doomed fate.1.H es ter’s miserable life is the penalty for hersin.2.D emmesdale’s living death is thepunishment for his sin.3.C hillingworth changes into a devil.II. Hawthorne holds different attitudes towards the three sinners.A.Hester, presented as a heroine, winsHawthorne’s sympathy and admiration.1.H ester is presented as a beautiful, braveand loyal woman2.H ester is presented as a kind, able andsympathetic woman.3.H ester wins a new sense of life andfreedom.4.H ester is linked to the human race by herdaughter Pearl.B.Dimmesdale is presented as a coward and ahypocrite as well as a victim.1.D immesdale is a coward and a hypocrite.2.D immesdale is a victim.3.D immesdale is greatly different fromHester.C.Chillingworth is presented as a devil andthe worst sinner.1.C hillingworth is rich in knowledge butpoor in sympathy.2.C hillingworth “v iolates in cold blood thesanctity of a human heart.”III. Hawthorne is both an heir and a critic of Puritanism.A.The blackness thrown into the story showsHowthorne’s Puritan belief.1.T he seventeenth century Puritan society isthe background of the society.2.H awthorne makes everyone in the story asinner and leaves them no way of escape.3.T he only right way of self-discovery liesin the realization of one’s sinfulness andbeing true.B.Hawthorne’s views on the three sinnersdemonstrates that he is a critic of Puritanism.1.T he Puritan society is cruel and cold inexcommunicating Hester.2.T he Puritan society is corrupted andinharmonious.3.H awthorne challenged the Puritan societythrough Hester’s new sense of life.4. Stylistic Theory of OutliningAn outline has a balanced structure based on the following stylistic theories:1) ParallelismWhenever possible, in writing an outline, coordinate heads should be expressed in parallel form.2) CoordinationIn outlining, those items which are of equal significance have comparable numeral or letter designation: an “A.”is equal to a “B.”, a “1.”to “2.”, a “a.” to a “b.”Coordinate should be seen as having the same value. Coordination is a principle that enables a writer to maintain a coherent document.3) SubordinationThe uses of major and minor headings4) DivisionTo divide you always need at least two parts;therefore, there can never be an “A.” without a“B.”, a “1.” without “2.”, a “a.” without a “b.,etc.Exercise: The following outlines have some faults and defects in them. Try to find out and correct all of them.1Title:Confucius’Main Teaching Methods and Their Applicability to China’s Education TodayThesis:Confucius’ elicitation method of teaching and that of teaching students in accordance with their attitude are still applicable to China’s education today. Outline:I. A brief introductionA.Confucius as a great philosopher and statesmanB.A great educatorII. Confucius’ two teaching methodsA.The elicitation method(1)Fostering the student’s ability to learn bythemselves.(2)In his normal day teaching, he put greatemphasis on the teacher’s role in giving thestudent guidance.B.The method of “teaching student in accordancewith their aptitude”.III. Causes of the discontinuance of Confucious’ teaching methods in modern ChinaA.The May Fourth eraB.The Cultural Revolution period is another periodwhen confuc ious’ teaching principles ceased to work.IV. The applicability of Confucious’ teaching method to China’s education todayA.Analyze problems in education1.Feeding students with knowledge2.Teaching students in the same way withoutdiscrimination3.The root of problemsB.The applicability of Confuc ious’ teachingmethods1.Teachers at present should learn to helpstudents cultivate the habit of learning in anactive way.2.Giving students opportunities to practice whatthey have learned3.It is always important to improve the ways ofteaching so as to arouse students’ interest.4.Increasing elective courses to meet students’different interests5.More technical and vocational schools need tobe set up for students so that the students canhave different capacities.V. Conclusion2Title:The Differences of Taboos between English and Chinese CulturesThesis:Audience:Outline:I. A brief introduction to taboosA. The origin of taboosB. The different cultural background concerning taboos between Chinese and EnglishII. Two aspects of taboos affecting the cross-cultural communicationA. Custom taboos1. Taboos on social contact2. Taboos on food and drink3. Taboos on privacyB. Verbal taboos1. Taboos on figures2. Taboos on diseases and death3. Taboos on addressing4. Taboos on profanities and vulgaritiesIII. Way s to avoid the cultural conflicts in taboo’s respectA. Figuring out the problems of the different taboosB. Using euphemismC. Having a good knowledge of taboo culture ConclusionA. The importance of taboos in our cross-cultural communicationB. The needed attention of the understanding of taboos of different cultures5. A Topic Outline SampleJan Eyre: A Woman in Defiance of Brute ForcesThesis statement:Jane Eyre overcomes many obstacles and shows that it is possible for a woman in the nineteenth century to achieve independence and success on her own, no matter what odds are against her.I. The first obstacle: her family backgroundA.A poor individual within a wealthy environment1.At Gateshead2.At Lowood School3.At ThornfieldB.Two means to overcome her family background1.D istance2.C hanceII. The most prominent obstacle: male powerA.A subtle way in bridging over the gender gapB.Jane’s biggest triumph over male powerIII. The constant obstacle: oppressionA.The stereotype upon JaneB.Jane’s struggle against the oppressionIV. The obstacle that perfects Jane: deathA.A series of death in Jane’s lifeB.A world of death and love6. A Sentence Outline SampleThesis Statement1.The first obstacle that Jane comes across is herfamily background.1.1 Jane is constantly a poor individual within awealthy environment.1.1.1 At Gateshead she is despised by her auntReed and her cousins John, Eliza, andGeorgiana1.1.2 At Lowood School she is further madeaware of all that she lacks.1.1.3 At Thornfield, her poverty createsnumerous problems for her.1.2 Jane is able to overcome her family backgroundby two means.1.2.1 She leaves Gateshead for Lowood andreturns with victory.1.2.2 She triumphs over her poverty by chance.2. The most prominent obstacle Jane faces is malepower.2.1 Jane bridges over the gender gap in a subtle way.2.2 Jane’s triump h over male power is her biggestone of all.3. A constant obstacle that remains throughout Jane’slife is oppression.3.1 The stereotype imposes oppression upon Jane.3.2 Jane struggles against the oppression.4. Death is an important obstacle that perfects Jane.4.1 A series of death makes Jane becomeindependent and successful.4.2 Jane faces a world of death and love.7. Typical errors in students’ outline writing1. Wrong outline symbols一. 二. 三. ….2. Unbalanced entries(coordination, subordination)3. A mixture of outline symbols or forms4. Entries beginning by verbs5. Wrong divisione.g. I. ……II. ……A. ……1. ……B. ……6. Capitalized letters7. The thesis statement: not a single sentence.07级某同学毕业论文4稿contents:CONTENTS1. Introduction (1)2. Typical errors of business English writing (1).1 The writing is not complete... 2. (2)2.1.1 Writer doesn’t answer all questions asked (2)2.1.2 Writer doesn’t volunteer something extra (3)2.1.3 Writer doesn’t check for the 5W2H and any other essential (3)2.2 The writing is not concise (4)2.2.1 Writer doesn’t omit trite expression (4)2.2.2 Writer doesn’t avoid wordy statements and unnecessary repetition (4)2.2.3 Writer doesn’t remove all the irrelevant facts in your message (5)2.3 The writing is not considerate...................................... . (5)2.3.1 Writer doesn’t use “you”attitude instead of “We” attitude (5)2.3.2 Writer doesn’t use some notable exceptions where “you” attitude is not suitable (5)2.4 The writing is not concrete (6)2.4.1 Using specific facts and figures (6)2.4.2 Using verbs of action (6)2.5 The writing is not clear (7)2.5.1 Writer doesn’t avoid using words or structures that cause ambiguity (7)2.5.2 Writer doesn’t be careful of the position of the attributives (7)2.5.3 Writer doesn’t be attentive to the position of nouns and pronouns (7)2.5.4 Writer doesn’t be careful of paragraph (8)2.6 The writing is not courteous (9)2.7 The writing is not correct (9)2.7.1 Writer doesn’t choose the correct level of language (9)2.7.2 Writer doesn’t have a good command of English (10)2.7.3 Writer doesn’t be careful of punctuation marks and their uses (10)3. Reasons for the typical errors caused (12)3.1 Cultural differences (12)3.1.1 Mother tongue influences (12)3.1.2 Different ways of thinking and writing (12)3.2 Ways of teaching business English writing (12)3.3 Attitude of writer and ways of learning business English writing (13)4. Consequences (13)5. Solutions (14)5.1 The foundation of good English (14)5.1.1 To create an appropriate tone (14)5.1.2 To select the appropriate writing style (14)5.1.3 To outline and organize the material before Writing (15)5.2 Tact Maxim (15)5.3 To build the scientific study system (16)6. Conclusion (17)7. Bibliography (17)CONTENTS1. Introduction .............................................................................. 错误！未定义书签。
英语文章的structure
一、Introduction英语文章的structure是指文章在语言和逻辑上的组织结构，包括开头、中间和结尾三个部分。
在撰写英语文章时，结构的合理性对于文章的表达和阅读体验非常重要。
本文将分析英语文章结构的重要性以及如何构建一个合理的文章结构。
二、The Importance of Structure1. Clarity and Coherence英语文章结构的重要性在于能够确保文章的清晰和连贯。
一个合理的结构可以帮助作者将写作思路有序地展现出来，使读者更容易理解作者的观点和论证。
良好的结构也可以让读者在阅读过程中更加流畅地跟随作者的思路，从而增强文章的可读性。
2. Emphasizing Key Points一个好的结构可以帮助作者强调文章的重点内容。
通过恰当的组织和排列，重要的论点和观点可以得到更加突出的展现，使读者更容易理解作者的核心主张。
3. Engaging the Reader合理的结构可以帮助作者更好地吸引读者的兴趣。
通过在开头引出主题，并在结尾做出总结或者引发思考，可以让读者在阅读过程中更加投入，增加阅读的愉悦感和吸引力。
三、The Structure of an English Article1. Introduction在英语文章中，开头部分应当包括文章的背景介绍、主题阐述和一些引人入胜的内容。
开头需要引起读者的兴趣，吸引他们继续往下阅读。
作者需在开头部分清晰地表达自己的观点和目的，以便读者能够明确文章的主题和重点。
2. Body英语文章的中间部分是文章的核心，需要围绕主题对论据和论点进行详细的展开和解释。
这部分内容应当包括作者的观点、事实依据和逻辑推理，以支撑和证明作者的立场。
在组织语言时，作者需要保持逻辑清晰、语意连贯，避免篇章结构紊乱、逻辑跳跃等问题。
3. Conclusion结尾部分是文章的收尾，在英语文章中同样非常重要。
作者可以在结尾部分对文章进行总结，概括主要观点，并展开对未来展望或引发读者的思考。
Revision-of-Unit-5解读
两人两菜一火山
如无生命：
zoo—zoos, radio—radios, photo—photos,
piano—pianos, zero—zeros, bamboo（竹竿）--bamboos, tobacco（烟丝）--tobaccos videos ， studios ，pianos ，
2）. 一般名词的复数以加-s或-es的方式构成，构成的
Her health ___v_ar_i_es__fr_o_m__ good ___to__ rather weak.
4．guarantee vt.保证；担保 n.保证；保证书；担保； 抵押品
guarantee sth.to sb.＝guarantee sb.sth.向某人保证某物 guarantee to do sth.保证做到某事 be guaranteed to do sth.必定做某事 a guarantee of sth.保证某事/物 运用 完成句子 (1)保证我们的顾客完全满意。 Perfect satisfaction is __g_u_a_r_an_t_e_e_d_to__ our customers. (2)拥有文凭不能保证工作效率一定高。 Adiploma is no ___g_u_a_ra_n_t_ee__o_f __ efficiency.
3．vary vt.& vi.呈现不同；改变；变化 variety n(质量、种类或特征的)变化；种类；品种; vary from...to...从……到……变化；由……到……（情况）
不等
vary with 随着……改变/变动 运用 完成句子
(1)价格随着季节的改变而变动。 Prices ___v_a_ry__w_it_h__ seasons. (2)她的健康状况时好时差。
revision知识点总结
revision知识点总结Key knowledge points for effective revision:1. Understanding the material: Before beginning the revision process, it is important for students to ensure that they have a good understanding of the material. This can include attending classes, reading materials, and taking notes. Without a solid foundation of knowledge, revision can be ineffective.2. Setting goals: It is important for students to set clear and achievable goals for their revision. This can include specific targets for the amount of material to be covered, as well as the expected outcome such as improved grades or performance in exams.3. Creating a revision schedule: Creating a revision schedule can help students to allocate time for each subject or topic. This can ensure that all areas of study are covered and can help to prevent last-minute cramming.4. Using a variety of revision techniques: There are many different techniques that students can use for revision, including making summary notes, practicing past exam questions, using flashcards, and teaching the material to someone else. By using a variety of techniques, students can improve their understanding and retention of the material.5. Active learning: It is important for students to actively engage with the material during revision, rather than passively reading or listening. This can include asking questions, discussing the material with peers, and testing their own understanding.6. Monitoring progress: It is important for students to regularly review their progress and make adjustments to their revision plan as necessary. This can help to ensure that they stay on track and make the most of their revision time.Strategies for successful revision:1. Start early: It is important for students to start their revision early, rather than leaving it until the last minute. This can help to prevent feelings of being overwhelmed and can allow for a more thorough and effective revision process.2. Break it down: Breaking down the material into smaller, manageable chunks can make the revision process more achievable. This can also help to prevent procrastination and make it easier to track progress.3. Use active recall: Actively recalling information, rather than simply re-reading it, can be a more effective way to revise. This can include testing oneself with past exam questions, flashcards, or teaching the material to someone else.4. Create a conducive study environment: It is important for students to create a study environment that is free from distractions and conducive to learning. This can includefinding a quiet space, removing electronic devices, and having all necessary materials at hand.5. Take regular breaks: It is important for students to take regular breaks during the revision process in order to prevent burnout and maintain concentration. This can include taking short breaks every 30-45 minutes, as well as longer breaks for meals and relaxation.6. Seek feedback: Seeking feedback from teachers, tutors, or peers can be a valuable part of the revision process. This can help to identify areas of weakness and provide guidance on areas for improvement.7. Practice, practice, practice: Practice is an important part of effective revision, particularly for subjects that involve problem-solving or application of knowledge. This can include practicing past exam questions, completing practice papers, and seeking out additional resources for extra practice.8. Stay healthy: It is important for students to prioritize their health and well-being during the revision period. This can include getting enough sleep, eating healthily, and taking regular exercise in order to maintain energy levels and concentration.In conclusion, revision is an important part of the learning process and can help students to consolidate their knowledge and understanding. By using effective revision strategies and techniques, students can improve their retention of information, enhance their understanding, and improve their performance in exams. With the right approach, revision can be a valuable tool for academic success.。
译林版英语八下unit4Revision课件
English Explanation
against (hitting something ) tie (hold things together with things) tiny (very small )
continue (keep doing sth./ go on) manage (finish what you have tried to do)
● After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could.
[点拨]
(1) against 意为“反对，违反；对着；靠着；”。 Are you for or against the plan? We can’t do anything against the law. He is standing against the wall. We will play basketball against Class Two.
(该如何写）
v. + 宾语 + 疑问词 + to do
Gulliver wanted to leave Lilliput, but he didn’t know how to talk to the tiny people. He wanted to get a map, because it could show him where to go.
（该什么时候见）
4. Kitty cannot decide _w_h_i_c_h_t_o_c_h_o_o_s_e_first.
（该选哪一个）
5. Sandy is wondering _w_h__er_e__to__a_s_k__for help.
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I am no longer worthy to be called your son; make me like one of your hired men.’ So he got up and went to his father. But when he was still a long way off, his father saw him and was filled with compassion for him; he ran to his son, threw his arms around him and kissed him. The son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’
He longed to fill his stomach with the pods that the pigs were eating, but no one gave him anything. When he came to his senses, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired men have food to spare, and here I am starving to death! I will set out and go back to my father and say to him: Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you.’
Question 1: Why was Adam and Eve punished? Question 2: Who were Hagar and Sarah? Why did they hate each other? Question 3: Why did Cain kill his brother? Question 4: What does “Virgin Birth” mean? Question 5: How did Moses lead Israelites out of Egypt? Question 6: Why do Israelites celebrate Passover? Question 7: How was Jesus crucified? Question 8: How many times and why did the God punish men?
bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh 2. dust to dust, ashes to ashes 3. Ask for bread and be given a stone. 4. Cast one’s bread upon the waters. 5. Sow the winds and reap the whirlwind. 6. Wise friends make you wise, but you hurt yourself by going around with fools. 7. Be quick to listen but slow to speak. 8. Be quick to listen but slow to speak. Ask, and you will receive. Search, and you will find. Knock, and the door will be opened for you.
Please put the following into right order according to Genesis. Day and night; sky; land and seas/vegetation; sun and moon; fish and birds; wild animals and livestock; man Regroup the following names according to their genealogy: Adam; Eve; Cain; Abel; Hagar; Sarah; Ishmael; Abraham; Isaac; Jacob; Joseph; Mary; Christ
The Parable of the Lost Son
There was a man who had two sons. The younger one said to his father, ‘Father, give me my share of the estate.’ So he divided his property between them. Not long after that, the younger son got together all he had, set off for a distant country and there squandered his wealth in wild living. After he had spent everything, there was a severe famine in that whole country and he began to be in need. So he went and hired himself out to a citizen of that country, who sent him to his fields to feed pigs.
The Parable of the Lost Sheep
Now the tax and “sinners” were all gathering round to hear him. But the Pharisees and the teachers of the law muttered, “This man welcomes sinners, and eats with them.” Then Jesus told them this parable:
Questions
If you were the herdsman and you had found you had lost a sheep, A. you would ignore the lost sheep and shepherd the rest home. B. you would leave the rest and go to look for the lost sheep. Please justify your answers.
Questions
Why did the older brother refuse to celebrate his younger brother’s coming back? Are you on the side of the father? Why? Or are you on the side of the old brother? Why? Or do you take a neutral stand? If so, please state your justifications.
Suppose one of you has a hundred sheep and loses one of them. Does he not leave the ninety-nine in the ninetyopen country and go after the lost sheep until he finds it? And when he finds it, he joyfully puts it on his shoulders and goes home. Then he calls his friends and neighbors together and says, “Rejoice with me; I have found my lost sheep.” I tell you that in the same way there will be more rejoice in heaven over on sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous ninetypersons who do not need to repent.
‘My son,’ the father said, ‘you are always with me, and we had to celebrate and be glad, because this brother of yours was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found.’
‘Your brother has come,’ he replied, ‘and your father has killed the fattened calf because he has him back safe and sound.’ sound.’ The older brother became angry and refused to go in. So his father went out and pleaded with him. But he answered his father, ‘Look! All these years I’ve been slaving for you and never disobeyed your orders. Yet you never gave me even a young goat so I could celebrate with my friends. But when this son of yours who has squandered your property with prostitutes comes home, you kill the fattened calf for him.’