中考模拟4
2024年信息技术中考模拟试卷4
2024年信息技术中考模拟试卷41.下列不属于新媒体的是（）。
A.数字电视。
B.报刊（正确答案）。
C.抖音。
D.快手。
2.下列关于位图的说法不正确的是（）。
A.以像素的方式记录图像。
B.放大不会失真（正确答案）。
C.色彩比较丰富。
D.数据量与图像的分辨率有关。
3.字符“a”的ASCII码值为97，那么字符“d”的ASCII码值为（）。
A.98。
B.99。
C.100（正确答案）。
D.101。
4.声音编码过程是采样、量化、（）。
A.编码（正确答案）。
B.存储。
C.降噪。
D.传输。
5.下列不属于数字媒体特征的是（）。
A.数字化。
B.交互性。
C.融合性。
D.智能化（正确答案）。
6.下列文本编码中ASCII码值最小的是（）。
A.控制字符（正确答案）。
B.数字。
C.英文大写。
D.英文小写。
7.在图像处理工具中，哪个功能区是图片制作过程、效果的显现区域（）。
A.功能面板。
B.工作区（正确答案）。
C.工具栏。
D.菜单栏。
8.电视标准中，我国采用的是哪种视频制式（）？A.NTSC制式。
B.SECAM制式。
C.LD制式。
D.PAL制式（正确答案）。
9.图像色彩调节中，下列不属于GIMP改善图像光线效果的是（）。
A.亮度-对比度。
B.色阶。
C.曲线。
D.RGB通道（正确答案）。
10.两张图像绘制成一张图像需要运用到哪种图像处理效果（）。
A.图层叠加（正确答案）。
B.色彩调节。
C.文字添加。
D.滤镜效果。
11.下列不属于音频格式的是（）。
A.avi（正确答案）。
B.wav。
C.mp3。
D.wma。
12.下列公式，能正确插入Markdown中的是（）。
A.x+y=z。
B。
x+y=z*。
C.x+y!=z。
D.$x+y=z$（正确答案）。
13.下列摄影构图中能表达出稳定感觉的是（）。
A.九宫格构图。
B.对称构图。
C.三角形构图（正确答案）。
D.对角线构图。
14.与完成录制音频任务匹配的设备是（）。
A.计算机、声卡、音响。
B.计算机、声卡、麦克风（正确答案）。
中考数学模拟试卷（4）含答案解析
中考数学模拟试卷（四）一．选择题（共9小题，满分45分，每小题5分）1．（5分）在﹣0.1428中用数字3替换其中的一个非0数码后，使所得的数最大，则被替换的字是（）A．1 B．2 C．4 D．82．（5分）一个空间几何体的主视图和左视图都是边长为2的正方形，俯视图是一个圆，那么这个几何体的表面积是（）A．6πB．4πC．8πD．43．（5分）若分式的值为0，则x的值等于（）A．0 B．±3 C．3 D．﹣34．（5分）下列事件是随机事件的是（）A．购买一张福利彩票，中奖B．在一个标准大气压下，加热到100℃，水沸腾C．有一名运动员奔跑的速度是80米/秒D．在一个仅装着白球和黑球的袋中摸球，摸出红球5．（5分）下列运算正确的是（）A．3a2+a=3a3B．2a3•（﹣a2）=2a5C．4a6+2a2=2a3D．（﹣3a）2﹣a2=8a2 6．（5分）如图，已知直线AB、CD被直线AC所截，AB∥CD，E是平面内任意一点（点E不在直线AB、CD、AC上），设∠BAE=α，∠DCE=β．下列各式：①α+β，②α﹣β，③β﹣α，④360°﹣α﹣β，∠AEC的度数可能是（）A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．①②③④7．（5分）若α、β是一元二次方程x2+3x﹣6=0的两个不相等的根，则α2﹣3β的值是（）A．3 B．15 C．﹣3 D．﹣158．（5分）在今年抗震赈灾活动中，小明统计了自己所在的甲、乙两班的捐款情况，得到三个信息：（1）甲班捐款2500元，乙班捐款2700元；（2）乙班平均每人捐款数比甲班平均每人捐款数多；（3）甲班比乙班多5人，设甲班有x人，根据以上信息列方程得（）A．B．C．×（1+）=D．9．（5分）已知：圆内接四边形ABCD中，对角线AC⊥BD，AB＞CD．若CD=4，则AB的弦心距为（）A．B．2 C．D．二．填空题（共6小题，满分30分，每小题5分）10．（5分）分解因式：16m2﹣4=．11．（5分）如果反比例函数y=（k≠0）的图象在每个象限内，y随着x的增大而减小，那么请你写出一个满足条件的反比例函数解析式（只需写一个）．12．（5分）一个扇形统计图，某一部分所对应扇形的圆心角为120°，则该部分在总体中所占有的百分比是%．13．（5分）元旦到了，商店进行打折促销活动．妈妈以八折的优惠购买了一件运动服，节省30元，那么妈妈购买这件衣服实际花费了元．14．（5分）如图，线段AB=10，点P在线段AB上，在AB的同侧分别以AP、BP 为边长作正方形APCD和BPEF，点M、N分别是EF、CD的中点，则MN的最小值是．15．（5分）如图，△ABC中，BC的垂直平分线DP与∠BAC的角平分线相交于点D，垂足为点P，若∠BAC=84°，则∠BDC=．三．解答题（共4小题，满分30分）16．（6分）计算：．17．（6分）解关于x的不等式组：，其中a为参数．18．（8分）如图，E，F是四边形ABCD的对角线AC上两点，AF=CE，DF=BE，DF∥BE．求证：（1）△AFD≌△CEB；（2）四边形ABCD是平行四边形．19．（10分）如图，为了测量某建筑物CD的高度，先在地面上用测角仪自A处测得建筑物顶部的仰角是α，然后在水平地面上向建筑物前进了m米，此时自B 处测得建筑物顶部的仰角是β．已知测角仪的高度是n米，请你计算出该建筑物的高度．四．解答题（共4小题，满分45分）20．（10分）小王同学在学校组织的社会调查活动中负责了解他所居住的小区450户居民的生活用水情况，他从中随机调查了50户居民的月均用水量（单位：t），并绘制了样本的频数分布表和频数分布直方图（如图）．月均用水量频数百分比（单位：t）2≤x＜324%3≤x＜41224%4≤x＜55≤x＜61020%6≤x＜712%7≤x＜836%8≤x＜924%（1）请根据题中已有的信息补全频数分布表和频数分布直方图；（2）如果家庭月均用水量“大于或等于4t且小于7t”为中等用水量家庭，请你估计总体小王所居住的小区中等用水量家庭大约有多少户？（3）从月均用水量在2≤x＜3，8≤x＜9这两个范围内的样本家庭中任意抽取2个，请用列举法（画树状图或列表）求抽取出的2个家庭来自不同范围的概率．21．（10分）A、B两辆汽车同时从相距330千米的甲、乙两地相向而行，s（千米）表示汽车与甲地的距离，t（分）表示汽车行驶的时间，如图，L1，L2分别表示两辆汽车的s与t的关系．（1）L1表示哪辆汽车到甲地的距离与行驶时间的关系？（2）汽车B的速度是多少？（3）求L1，L2分别表示的两辆汽车的s与t的关系式．（4）2小时后，两车相距多少千米？（5）行驶多长时间后，A、B两车相遇？22．（12分）如图，⊙O半径为1，AB是⊙O的直径，C是⊙O上一点，连接AC，⊙O外的一点D 在直线AB上．（1）若AC=，OB=BD．①求证：CD是⊙O的切线．②阴影部分的面积是．（结果保留π）（2）当点C在⊙O上运动时，若CD是⊙O的切线，探究∠CDO与∠OAC的数量关系．23．（13分）已知，抛物线y=ax2+ax+b（a≠0）与直线y=2x+m有一个公共点M （1，0），且a＜b．（1）求b与a的关系式和抛物线的顶点D坐标（用a的代数式表示）；（2）直线与抛物线的另外一个交点记为N，求△DMN的面积与a的关系式；（3）a=﹣1时，直线y=﹣2x与抛物线在第二象限交于点G，点G、H关于原点对称，现将线段GH沿y轴向上平移t个单位（t＞0），若线段GH与抛物线有两个不同的公共点，试求t的取值范围．中考数学模拟试卷（四）参考答案与试题解析一．选择题（共9小题，满分45分，每小题5分）1．【解答】解：逐个代替后这四个数分别为﹣0.3428，﹣0.1328，﹣0.1438，﹣0.1423．﹣0.1328的绝对值最小，只有C符合．故选：C．2．【解答】解：根据题目的描述，可以判断出这个几何体应该是个圆柱，且它的底面圆的半径为1，高为2，那么它的表面积=2π×2+π×1×1×2=6π，故选A．3．【解答】解：∵分式的值为0，∴x2﹣9=0且x﹣3≠0，解得：x=﹣3，故选：D．4．【解答】解：A、购买一张福利彩票，中奖是随机事件；B、在一个标准大气压下，加热到100℃，水沸腾是必然事件；C、有一名运动员奔跑的速度是80米/秒是不可能事件；D、在一个仅装着白球和黑球的袋中摸球，摸出红球是不可能事件；故选：A．5．【解答】解：A.3a2与a不是同类项，不能合并，所以A错误；B.2a3•（﹣a2）=2×（﹣1）a5=﹣2a5，所以B错误；C.4a6与2a2不是同类项，不能合并，所以C错误；D．（﹣3a）2﹣a2=9a2﹣a2=8a2，所以D正确，故选：D．6．【解答】解：点E有4种可能位置．（1）如图，由AB∥CD，可得∠AOC=∠DCE1=β，∵∠AOC=∠BAE1+∠AE1C，∴∠AE1C=β﹣α．（2）如图，过E2作AB平行线，则由AB∥CD，可得∠1=∠BAE2=α，∠2=∠DCE2=β，∴∠AE2C=α+β．（3）如图，由AB∥CD，可得∠BOE3=∠DCE3=β，∵∠BAE3=∠BOE3+∠AE3C，∴∠AE3C=α﹣β．（4）如图，由AB∥CD，可得∠BAE4+∠AE4C+∠DCE4=360°，∴∠AE4C=360°﹣α﹣β．∴∠AEC的度数可能为β﹣α，α+β，α﹣β，360°﹣α﹣β．故选：D．7．【解答】解：∵α、β是一元二次方程x2+3x﹣6=0的两个不相等的根，∴α2+3α=6，由根系数的关系可知：α+β=﹣3，∴α2﹣3β=α2+3α﹣3α﹣3β=α2+3α﹣3（α+β）=6﹣3×（﹣3）=15故选：B．8．【解答】解：甲班每人的捐款额为：，乙班每人的捐款额为：．根据（2）中所给出的信息，方程可列为：×（1+）=．故选：C．9．【解答】解：如图，设AC与BD的交点为O，过点O作GH⊥CD于G，交AB于H；作MN⊥AB于M，交CD于点N．在Rt△COD中，∠COD=90°，O G⊥CD；∴∠DOG=∠DCO；∵∠GOD=∠BOH，∠DCO=∠ABO，∴∠ABO=∠BOH，即BH=OH，同理可证，AH=OH；即H是Rt△AOB斜边AB上的中点．同理可证得，M是Rt△COD斜边CD上的中点．设圆心为O′，连接O′M，O′H；则O′M⊥CD，O′H⊥AB；∵MN⊥AB，GH⊥CD；∴O′H∥MN，OM∥GH；即四边形O′HOM是平行四边形；因此OM=O′H．由于OM是Rt△OCD斜边CD上的中线，所以OM=O′H=CD=2．故选：B．二．填空题（共6小题，满分30分，每小题5分）10．【解答】解：原式=4（4m2﹣1）=4（2m+1）（2m﹣1），故答案为：4（2m+1）（2m﹣1）11．【解答】解：∵反比例函数y=（k≠0）的图象在每个象限内，y随着x的增大而减小，∴k＞0，∴满足条件的反比例函数解析式可以是y=．故答案为：y=（答案不唯一）．12．【解答】解：该部分在总体中所占有的百分比=120°÷360°=33.3%．13．【解答】解：设这件运动服的标价为x元，则：妈妈购买这件衣服实际花费了0.8x元，∵妈妈以八折的优惠购买了一件运动服，节省30元∴可列出关于x的一元一次方程：x﹣0.8x=30解得：x=1500.8x=120故妈妈购买这件衣服实际花费了120元，故答案为120．14．【解答】解：作MG⊥DC于G，如图所示：设MN=y，PC=x，根据题意得：GN=5，MG=|10﹣2x|，在Rt△MNG中，由勾股定理得：MN2=MG2+GN2，即y2=52+（10﹣2x）2．∵0＜x＜10，∴当10﹣2x=0，即x=5时，y2最小值=25，MN的最小值为5；∴y最小值=5．即故答案为：5．15．【解答】解：过点D作DE⊥AB，交AB延长线于点E，DF⊥AC于F，∵AD是∠BOC的平分线，∴DE=DF，∵DP是BC的垂直平分线，∴BD=CD，在Rt△DEB和Rt△DFC中，，∴Rt△DEB≌Rt△DFC（HL）．∴∠BDE=∠CDF，∴∠BDC=∠EDF，∵∠DEB=∠DFC=90°，∴∠EAF+∠EDF=180゜，∵∠BAC=84°，∴∠BDC=∠EDF=96°，故答案为：96°．三．解答题（共4小题，满分30分）16．【解答】解：原式=1﹣2+4+﹣1=4﹣．17．【解答】解：，解不等式①得：﹣3a＜5x≤1﹣3a，﹣a＜x≤，解不等式②得：3a＜5x≤1+3a，a＜x≤，∵当﹣a=a时，a=0，当=时，a=0，当﹣a=时，a=﹣，当a=时，a=，∴当或时，原不等式组无解；当时，原不等式组的解集为：；当时，原不等式组的解集为：．18．【解答】证明：（1）∵DF∥BE，∴∠DFA=∠BEC，在△ADF和△CBE中，∴△AFD≌△CEB（SAS）；（2）∵△AFD≌△CEB，∴AD=BC，∠DAF=∠BCE，∴AD∥BC，∴四边形ABCD是平行四边形．19．【解答】解：由题意得：BE=，AE=，∵AE﹣BE=AB=m米，∴﹣=m（米），∴CE=（米），∵DE=n米，∴CD=+n（米）．∴该建筑物的高度为：（+n）米．四．解答题（共4小题，满分45分）20．【解答】解：（1）调查的总数是：2÷4%=50（户），则6≤x＜7部分调查的户数是：50×12%=6（户），则4≤x＜5的户数是：50﹣2﹣12﹣10﹣6﹣3﹣2=15（户），所占的百分比是：×100%=30%．故答案为：15，30%，6；补全频数分布表和频数分布直方图，如图所示：（2）中等用水量家庭大约有450×（30%+20%+12%）=279（户）；（3）在2≤x＜3范围的两户用a、b表示，8≤x＜9这两个范围内的两户用1，2表示．画树状图：则抽取出的2个家庭来自不同范围的概率是：=．21．【解答】解：（1）由函数图形可知汽车B是由乙地开往甲地，故L1表示汽车B 到甲地的距离与行驶时间的关系；（2）（330﹣240）÷60=1.5（千米/分）；（3）设L1为s1=kt+b，把点（0，330），（60，240）代入得k=﹣1.5，b=330所以s1=﹣1.5t+330；设L2为s2=k′t，把点（60，60）代入得k′=1所以s2=t；（4）当t=120时，s1=150，s2=120 150﹣120=30（千米）；所以2小时后，两车相距30千米；（5）当s1=s2时，﹣1.5t+330=t解得t=132即行驶132分钟，A、B两车相遇．22．【解答】（1）①证明：连接BC，OC，∵AB是直径，∴∠ACB=90°，在Rt△ANC中：BC==1，∴BC=OC=OB，∴△BOC为等边三角形，∴∠BOC=∠OBC=60°，∵OB=BD，OB=BC，∴BC=BD，∴∠ODC=∠BCD=∠OBC=30°，∴∠BOC+∠ODC=90°，∴∠OCD=180°﹣∠BOC﹣∠ODC=90°，∴CD是⊙O切线．②过C作CE⊥AB于E，∵S△ABC=•AC•BC=•AB•CE，∴CE=，∴S阴=S扇形OAC﹣S△A OC，=﹣•1•，=﹣．故答案为﹣．（2）①当AC＞BC时，∵CD是⊙O的切线，∴∠OCD=90°，即∠1+∠2=90°，∵AB是O直径，∴∠ACB=90°即∠2+∠3=90°，∴∠1=∠3，∵OC=OA，∴∠OAC=∠3，∴∠OAC=∠1，∵∠4=∠1+∠ODC，∴∠4=∠DAC+∠ODC，∵OB=OC，∴∠2=∠4，∴∠2=∠OAC+∠ODC，∵∠1+∠2=90°，∴∠OAC+∠OAC+∠ODC=90°，即∠ODC+2∠OAC=90°．②当AC＜BC时，同①∠OCD=90°，∴∠COD=90°﹣∠ODC，∵DA=OC，∴∠OCA=∠OAC，∵∠OAC+∠OCA+∠COD=180°，∴∠OAC+∠OAC+90°﹣∠ODC=180°，∴2∠OAC﹣∠ODC=90°，综上：2∠OAC﹣∠ODC=90°或∠ODC+2∠OAC=90°．23．【解答】解：（1）∵抛物线y=ax2+ax+b有一个公共点M（1，0），∴a+a+b=0，即b=﹣2a，∴y=ax2+ax+b=ax2+ax﹣2a=a（x+）2﹣，∴抛物线顶点D的坐标为（﹣，﹣）；（2）∵直线y=2x+m经过点M（1，0），∴0=2×1+m，解得m=﹣2，∴y=2x﹣2，则，得ax2+（a﹣2）x﹣2a+2=0，∴（x﹣1）（ax+2a﹣2）=0，解得x=1或x=﹣2，∴N点坐标为（﹣2，﹣6），∵a＜b，即a＜﹣2a，∴a＜0，如图1，设抛物线对称轴交直线于点E ，∵抛物线对称轴为x=﹣=﹣，∴E （﹣，﹣3），∵M （1，0），N （﹣2，﹣6），设△DMN 的面积为S ，∴S=S △DEN +S △DEM =|（﹣2）﹣1|•|﹣﹣（﹣3）|=， （3）当a=﹣1时，抛物线的解析式为：y=﹣x 2﹣x +2=﹣（x ﹣）2+， 有， ﹣x 2﹣x +2=﹣2x ，解得：x 1=2，x 2=﹣1，∴G （﹣1，2），∵点G 、H 关于原点对称，∴H （1，﹣2），设直线GH 平移后的解析式为：y=﹣2x +t ，﹣x 2﹣x +2=﹣2x +t ，x 2﹣x ﹣2+t=0，△=1﹣4（t ﹣2）=0， t=，当点H 平移后落在抛物线上时，坐标为（1，0），把（1，0）代入y=﹣2x +t ，t=2，∴当线段GH 与抛物线有两个不同的公共点，t 的取值范围是2≤t ＜．。
2025届江苏省无锡市南菁中学中考英语试题模拟卷(4)含答案
2025届江苏省无锡市南菁中学中考英语试题模拟卷（4）注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
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Ⅰ. 单项选择1、Some of my friends are interested in science, but none of them can tell ____________.A．when UFOs appear next timeB．if horses know the way or notC．where was this kind of plant foundD．how elephants communicate2、The show was so that I couldn’t stop laughing.A．sad B．terrible C．funny D．serious3、I have to leave now __ I can catch the last bus.A．so that B．because of C．until D．as soon as4、The housing price in Hefei today is much_____ than that of ten years ago. I can't afford itA．Lower B．higher C．cheaper D．dearer5、You are supposed to be more careful to make fewer while you are writing.A．trouble B．matter C．mistakes D．problems6、You _______ only use red paper for hongbao because red means luck.A．must B．can C．could D．need7、The local guide spoke ______she could to make the visitors understand her.A．as clear as B．as clearly as C．so clear as D．so clearly as8、Welcome to our school, ladies and gentlemen.________, I’d like to introduce myself.A．To my surprise B．To start with C．To be honest D．At least9、—When do you think is the best time to visit Yancheng?—You come here in spring or autumn. The weather is quite pleasant.A．had better B．would rather C．have to D．would like10、----Mike wants to know if ________ a picnic tomorrow.---- Yes. But if it ________, we will visit the museum instead.A．you have; will rain B．you will have; will rainC．you will have; rains D．will you have; rainsⅡ. 完形填空11、Time is very important in our life. But I never knew its importance until I 1 a watch from my father.I got this gift on a gray-sky day. I had to 2 my uncle Ali at the airport(机场) at 9：00 a．m.and then take him to my father's 3 . However, I forgot all about it 4 I was playing with my friends. Later on that day, around 11：00 a．m., I 5 my uncle, but I was late fo r him. He had got off the 6 and taken a taxi to my father's house by himself.I 7 my father's house at 2：00 p．m.that day. My father looked quite 8 . He looked at me angrily and asked me to sit next to him. He didn't say 9 for a while. Then he handed(递给) me a 10 and said, “Essa, did you have fun 11 your friends today? You should feel sorry for 12 . What you did today was not nice！” I said 13to my uncle and promised my father that I wouldn't make such a 14 again.From then on, I always wear the watch wherever I go. It's important to me not because of its price but because I learned a lesson from my father: “Respect(尊重) time and 15 be l ate! Time is very important in our life.”1．A．won B．bought C．got D．borrowed2．A．meet B．invite C．send D．accept3．A．farm B．house C．office D．factory4．A．unless B．though C．before D．because5．A．saw B．visited C．found D．remembered6．A．bus B．train C．plane D．ship7．A．reached B．missed C．left D．shared8．A．angry B．surprised C．hungry D．relaxed9．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something10．A．ring B．wallet C．card D．watch11．A．for B．with C．about D．without12．A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself13．A．sorry B．hello C．thanks D．goodbye14．A．plan B．joke C．mistake D．resolution15．A．never B．often C．always D．sometimeⅢ. 语法填空12、In one’s life, one usually has little understanding of oneself. When you succeed, you may be very proud. When you 1．, you may lose heart. If you don’t get a thorough understanding of yourself, you may miss lots of 2．(chance) in life.To get a thorough understanding of yourself is to know well 3．yourself. You may know your strong points and weak 4．(one). You may hope for a wonderful future, but be sure not to expect too much because not all dreams can 5．(realize). You may be confident enough to meet challenges, but first you should know what to do.To get a thorough understanding of yourself, you should have a real sense of self-appreciation. Maybe you think you arenot a tall tree 6．just small grass, as long as you get full confidence, you are sure to face any trouble.To get a thorough understanding of yourself also 7．to look after yourself. When you are angry, find a quiet place so that you won’t be h urt. When you are sad, tell your friends about it to 8．the mood into a good one. When you are tired, get a good sleep. If you don’t take good care of yourself, you won’t be able to stay away from 9．(ill).So if you get a thorough understanding of yourself, you 10．(get) a full control of yourself and find your life full of color. Ⅳ. 阅读理解A13、阅读短文，从A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案回答问题或完成句子.Last Sunday I walked to Ziwei Park . While I was walking in the park, a girl stopped me and asked if I could take some photos for her. I was happy to help and took many beautiful photo for her. With many thanks, she said goodbye to me . However,a few minutes later,I found the girl had left her bag on the bench(长凳).I thought she must forget to take it with her. So I decided to wait for her. Ten minutes later,the girl returned in a hurry. Seeing her bag in my hand,she was very happy. Then I gave the bag to her. She showed her gratitude to me. When I left,she thanked me again.What a great pleasure it was to help others!1．Last Sunday I went to Ziwei Park .A．by bike B．on foot C．by bus2．A girl asked me if I could for her.A．take some photos B．draw a picture C．sing a song3．The girl left her on the bench.A．hat B．football C．bag4．Ten later, the girl returned in a hurry.A．minutes B．hours C．days5．The underlined word “gratitude” in paragraph 1 means in Chinese.A．情感B．感激C．看法B14、LIFE WATERR helps bring back a clear head．LIFE WATERR is made from special high-mountain flowers．You need LIFE WATERR when you feel thirsty after exercise，work in the office a long time，or party all night．For only a little money，you will feel great again!Get LIFE WATERR at the stores near your house NOW!* If you are taking any special medication or have stomach problems，please check with the doctor before buying LIFEWATERR．1．（小题1）What is LIFE WATERR for?A．Taking care of the sick in the hospital．B．Making people feel better and fresher．C．Helping children grow better and faster．D．Keeping people away from heart problems．2．（小题2）Which is TRUE about LIFE WATERR?A．It's not expensive．B．It's also good for the stomach．C．It can't be sold without a doctor．D．It's made from spring water in the mountains．C15、Helping your child to read and write at home will improve your child’s skills and confid ence---it will also better equip(装备) them for learning in the classroom environment. Reading and writing skills are needed by every child in every subject in every year of their school life and outside school. As parents, you can play an important role in improving your children’s literacy（读写能力）by practicing reading, writing, spelling and speaking with them outside school. This kit(工具箱)includes a number of tips on how to help. By listening, asking questions, giving information, and reading with your child outside school hours---you can make a difference. Students who improve their reading and writing will increase their vocabulary and their ability to use English correctly. This kit includes tips on how to help your child to read, write and spell, such as:reading aloud each nightincluding children in everyday conversationslistening to your childreading your child’s writingusing a dictionaryencouraging your child to talk about events that don’t involve the parentstrying not to ask questions that require a “yes” or “no” answerpracticing reading and writing by filling in forms, writing letters, sending cards, or e-mails.The Premier’s Reading Challenge is also a wonderful way to encourage your child to read. You can help your child by encouraging him or her to join the Challenge and discuss the books they are reading.1．This passage is mainly written for_______.A．children B．parents C．students D．teachers2．From this passage we know parents can help their children improve____.A．listening and writing skillsB．reading and listening skillsC．listening and speaking skillsD．reading and writing skills3．_____is NOT mentioned in the tips above.A．Reading aloud each nightB．Joining the English clubC．Reading your child’s writingD．Writing letters and e-mails4．Helping your children read and write can’t_____.A．replace their teacherB．make them use English correctlyC．increase their vocabularyD．improve their confidence5．Which is the best title for the passage?A．Helping Your Child Read and WriteB．How to Read and WriteC．Practice Reading and WritingD．How to Teach Your ChildD16、It’s back to school time for kids in New Jersey, but it’s not back to bullying time. There is a new anti-bullyinglaw in New Jersey starting this school year.New Jersey’s law says bullying is not allowed for any reason. All public school workers, from teachers to headmasters, must be trained in how to prevent bullying. Schools must report any bullying at once, and they will be graded on how well they deal with the problem. New Jersey is one of 47 states with anti-bullying laws for schools. Only Michigan, Montana and South Dakota do not have such a law.There are many kinds of bullying. It may include laughing at others, calling others names and leaving someone out. It can also be physical. The behavior happens over and over again, and can take pla ce anywhere, from the playground to the Internet. It’s reported that nearly half of all kids will experience bullying in school, and at least 10 percent are bullied regularly.Each year in October, many people begin to pay attention to bullying and try to do something to stop it. Many schools holdanti-bullying programs.Will stronger anti-bullying laws change the behavior forever? Ken Trump, president of the National School Safety and Security Services, says no. “State anti-bullying laws do not provide more money, or other support,” he said. Some people note that they had strict anti-bullying policies in place long before the law passed. “The law will not change what we do, because we already take this matter very seriously,” explains Bruce Winkelstein, the headmaster of Brookside School in New Jersey.You can do your part by treating others kindly and speaking out against bullying. Kids will make the biggest difference of all. 1．What’s the main purpose of this passage?A．To introduce the ways to stop school bullying.B．To talk about the influence of school bullying.C．To ask people to work together against school bullying.D．To explain the danger of school bullying2．How many states don’t have the anti-bullying laws for school?A．47. B．50. C．10. D．3.3．Which of the following behaviors is not bullying?A．A student laughs at another one online.B．A student hits another one without any reason.C．A student asks others not to play with one student.D．A student plays games with another student.4．What does the underlined word “anti-bullying” (in paragraph 1) mean?A．Against the bullying.B．For the bullying.C．Without the bullying.D．With the bullying.5．Who can play the most important role in anti-bullying?A．Kids themselves. B．Lawyers.C．Parents. D．Headmasters.E17、Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time—about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later. In many parts of the world, people takenapsin the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates, where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional, people often suffer(遭受) less from problems such as heart disease. Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it!If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can also happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap—even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.1．Why do you sometimes feel sleepy in the early afternoon?A．Because it’s very hot in summer.B．Because you eat too much for lunch.C．Because you didn’t have a good sleep last night.D．Because your body temperature goes down at that time.2．What advice does the writer give on taking a nap?A．If your time is limited, a short nap can also help.B．Only people in warmer climate need to take a nap.C．You’d better take a nap about an hour after you have lunch.D．You can sleep as long as you like so that you won’t feel tired or sleepy.3．What can we learn about “naps” according to the third paragraph?A．Doctors need to take naps while employers don’t.B．Taking naps is helpful for people’s health in spring and summe r.C．If you take naps every day, you’ll have less risk of heart disease.D．All the people in warmer climates take naps in the middle of the day.4．What can we infer(推断) from the passage?A．You will feel less sleepy if you sleep for a long time.B．Taking a nap whenever you want will do good to your health.C．If you get up at 6:30 am, you’d better take a nap at about 2:30 pm.D．Sleeping for eight hours and you’ll feel sleepy a short period later.5．What would be the best title for the text?A．Just For a Rest. B．All For a Nap.C．A Special Sleep Pattern. D．Taking Naps in Warmer Climate.F18、Your homework habits might be affecting your grades. Are you feeling tired or bored when it comes to homework time? Are you arguing with parents about your grades? You can change the way you feel by taking better care of your mind and your body. Get the sleep you need.Studies show that teens' natural sleeping habits are different from those of adults. This often causes less sleep among teens, since they tend to have trouble going to sleep at night, and have trouble waking in the mornings. You can avoid some of the problems that come with less sleep by changing some of your nighttime habits.Improve your memoryA great way to improve your homework habits is to improve your memory with brain exercise. There are many theories and ideas about improving memory, but there is one mnemonic（记忆的）method that has been around since ancient times. Ancient accounts show that early Greek and Roman orators used the “loci” method of reme mbering long speeches and lists. You may be able to use this method to improve your memory at test time.Fight the desire to delayDo you get the sudden desire to feed the dog at homework time? Don't fall for it! Delay is like a little white lie we tell ourselves. We often think we'll feel better about studying later if we do something fun now, like playing with a pet, watching a TV show, or even cleaning our room. It's not true.Avoid repetitive(重复的) stressDuring text messaging, Internet surfing, and computer writing, you are using your hand muscles in all new ways, and you're very easily to be influenced by something dangerous or the repetitive stress injury. Find out how to avoid pain in your hands and neck by changing the way you sit at your computer.1．What differences between the teens and adults are mentioned in the passage?A．Eating habits. B．Sleeping habits. C．Reading habits. D．Writing habits2．can help people to improve the memory.A．Using the brain moreB．Doing morning exercises every dayC．Dancing after meals3．What should people do to avoid the repetitive stress when they playing computer?A．Changing the way they sit.B．Cutting the time.C．Wearing some special glasses.D．Using the hand muscles in a new way.4．Which statement is NOT right according to the passage?A．Homework habits can affect the study grade.B．Only Roman orators were able to use the “loci” method to remember.C．It's not good to desire to feed the pets when you are doing the homework.D．There are four ideas of behaving Healthy Homework Habits mentioned.Ⅴ.书面表达19、书面表达茶是中国传统饮食文化的组成部分，是生活中不可或缺的饮品。
2024中考语文模拟题004(湖北)含答案
2024中考语文模拟题（湖北004）时间:150分钟满分:120分一、积累与运用(20分)湖北是一片红色热土,为传承红色基因,学校开展了以“探寻湖北‘红’”为主题的红色文化研学活动,请你一起参与。
1.(2分)小语准备在活动时为同学们朗读相关诗文,请你选出朗读处理不合适的一项( )A.小语注意到多音字的读音,他这样读:你是伟大坚强(qiáng),像一个巨人出现在亚洲平原之上,用你那英雄的体魄筑成我们民族的屏(píng)障。
B.小语想表现红军战士是倾全力帮助老百姓,他这样处理重音:好容易来了一个认识的同志,带来一袋米,虽然明知道．．．．,我们还是把这整．．．前面粮食缺乏袋子米送给她。
C.小语想读出对志愿军战士的赞美、崇敬之情,他这样处理节奏:他们/是世界上/一切伟大人民的/优秀之花!是/我们/值得骄傲的/祖国之花!D.小语想读出民族自豪感,他这样处理(“∨”表示停,“∧”表示连):中国原子武器工程中,除了∨最早于1959年底以前曾得到苏联的极少∨“援助”以外,∧没有∨任何∨外国人参加。
2.(2分)研学第一站是武汉辛亥革命博物院,小文说“亥”字加上偏旁可以组成新的汉字,下面括号内应该填什么字呢?请你帮小文完成。
A.（）舟求剑B. 言简意（）C. （）提时代D.（）人听闻3.(2分)研学第二站来到恩施湘鄂边苏区鹤峰革命烈士陵园,语文课代表吟诵了一副对联表达此时的心情,小语觉得“神州”“大地”两个词值得反复推敲。
请你将这两个词还原到对联中。
上联:追忆往昔，抗日烽火燃（）下联:喜看今朝，复兴伟业壮（）4.(3 分)2024年元旦,“冰城”哈尔滨爆火之后,各地文旅部门花式“整活”,小文看到很多关于“红色旅游”的新闻,其中有些句子用词不当,请你找出来并改正。
①某报刊新闻标题:探测荆楚大地打卡红色坐标②某公众号推文写道:红色演艺、红色民宿、红色文创等特色产品让游客从“看景”到“入景”，红色旅游有了刮目相看的打开方式。
初中语文中考模拟试题(四)含答案
初中语文中考模拟考试（四）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1至6页，第Ⅱ卷7至12页，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共50分）注意事项：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目、试卷类型用2B铅笔涂、写在答题卡上。
2．第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改正，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，不能答在试卷上。
3．考试结束后，监考人员将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
一、（16分，每小题2分）1.下列词语中加点的字注音全部正确的一项是( )A. 期期艾艾．(ài) 祈祷．．(qídǎo) 抑扬顿挫．(cuî)旸．谷(yáng)B. 执拗．(niù) 虐．待(nuâ)枸杞．（qí）磬．音(xīn)C. 迁徙．(xí) 一绺绺(lǚ ) 花团锦簇．(cù) 炽．热(zhì)D. 无垠．(yín)侏儒．．（zhū rǔ）锃．亮(câng) 酷肖．(kùxiāo)2.下列词语中没有错别字的一项是( )A. 诚皇诚恐暗然失色意测星临万户B. 倒坍不可明状引颈受戳粗制烂造C. 浩瀚无银弄巧成绌正襟威坐藏污纳垢D. 油光可鉴拖泥带水峥嵘遮天蔽日3.下列句子中加点词语解释有误的一项是( )A.怀怒未发，休．（吉祥）祲降于天。
（《战国策·唐雎不辱使命》）B.彼竭我盈，故克．（克服）之。
（《左传·曹刿论战》）C.率妻子邑人来此绝境．．（与人世隔绝的地方），不复出焉，遂与外人间隔。
（陶渊明《桃花源记》）D.老夫聊．（姑且，暂且）发少年狂（苏轼《密州出猎》）4.下列句子中加点的成语运用错误的一项是( )A.她很害羞，一见陌生人两腮就红起来，嘴里也期期艾艾．．．．说不出话来。
B.这对小姐妹海誓山盟．．．．，要做永远的好朋友。
2023年广东省深圳市中考四模化学试题(含解析)
2023化学中考模拟卷4可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Cl-35.5 K-39 Ca-40一、单项选择题：每小题1.5分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题意。
1．下列有关说法正确的是（）A ．工业上从空气中分离出氧气属于化学变化B ．用石灰浆刷墙壁，干燥后墙面变硬发生了化学变化C ．石油分馏后得到汽油、煤油、柴油等属于化学变化D ．干冰升华是化学变化2．“见微知著”，研究微观是化学学习中重要的内容，有以下表述：①氯气：；②由三个氧原子构成的臭氧分子：3O ；③粒子结构示意图表示的粒子：；④两个铁离子：；⑤导电、导热性最好的金属：Ag ；⑥+2价的镁元素：．其中正确的有（ ）A ．②④⑤B ．①⑤C ．①③⑤D ．①④⑥3．“归纳与比较”是化学学习常用的方法。
如图是金刚石、石墨、、碳纳米管结构示意图，对金刚石、石墨、、碳纳米管进行比较，下列说法正确的是（）A ．构成：四种物质都由原子直接构成B ．结构：四种物质里碳原子的排列方式相同C ．性质：四种物质完全燃烧后的产物都是D ．用途：四种物质都很软，可作润滑剂4．学习化学需结合学科本质去认识和理解世界。
下列说法不正确的是（ ）A ．变化与守恒：中，X 的化学式是NaOHB ．模型与推理：置换反应一定有元素化合价的变化，则有元素化合价发生变化的反应一定是置换反应C ．宏观与微观：氧气和液氧都可做助燃剂，原因是构成氧气和液氧的分子相同，其化学性质相同D ．实验与探究：区分软水和硬水的方法是往水样中加入肥皂水后振荡，观察产生泡沫的情况5．下列有关X 、Y 表示的概念之间存在如图所示的“包含”关系的是（）2Cl 2S +22Fe +2Mg +60C 60C 2CO 2222NaCl 2H O2X Cl H ++↑+↑通电选项X Y A 化学反应分解反应B 氧化反应化合反应C 单质氧化物D混合物纯净物6．根据最新研究，科学家们发现了更多证据以证明火星表面下存在着大量的液态水，其地下湖泊中含大量镁、钙和火星岩石溶解的其他盐类物质。
2024年北京中考英语模拟卷4含答案
First I looked at Rachel，and I（3）the first day of school.I was a little five﹣year﹣old.When my mother left me，I just didn't know what to do but cry.Then I felt a hand on my shoulder.I turned around and saw Rachel.
I was finally ready for high school.
（1）
A.drawing
B.diary
C.picture
D.poster
（2）
A.politely
B.closely
C.immediately
D.aห้องสมุดไป่ตู้grily
（3）
A.discovered
B.remembered
pared
As a way of celebrating our childhoods，we were asked to bring in pictures of ourselves growing up.As I looked（2）from photo to photo，from preschoolers to ninth﹣graders，I began to look at my classmates around me.
山东省济南市2024年中考英语模拟试卷(含答案)4
山东省济南市2024年中考英语模拟试卷A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一(40分)阅读理解Li Dan is a twenty-year-old girl. She works in the Noodle House, a restaurant in Xi'an. These days, the restaurant is getting famous because of a photo. In the photo, Li Dan is helping an old man.The man is Mr. Wang. He drives a car to the Noodle House twice a week. Each time he finishes his food, Li Dan helps him get in the car because there is something wrong with his back. "Mr. Wang has problems getting in his car. I try to make sure he is safe." Li Dan says. One day, a young woman saw her action. She took a photo of it and shared the photo online. The photo got popular at once. People who see the photo think Li Dan is a warm-hearted girl.Mr. Deng, who is also used to eating in the Noodle House, often sees Li Dan help the people in need. "She is really a nice girl," he says."Everyone in our restaurant tries to help others. That's what we should do. I will keep doing this," Li Dan says. 1．What is Li Dan doing in the photo?A．She's eating a bowl of noodles.B．She's helping an old man.C．She's talking with a reporter.D．She's walking on the street.2．How does Mr. Wang go to the Noodle House?A．By car.B．By bus.C．By bike.D．On foot.3．Where did the young woman share the photo?A．On the wall.B．in the club.C．On the Internet.D．In the shop.4．What do people think of Li Dan?A．She is good-looking.B．She is good at cooking.C．She is hard-working.D．She is kind to others.5．What will Li Dan keep doing?A．Taking great photos.B．Sharing the photo online.C．Helping the people in need.D．Going to another town to help others.阅读理解6．If you want to listen to folk music, where should you go?A．The Central Square.B．The Grand Park.C．The Riverside Music House.D．The Sports Centre.7．Jim is free on Sunday night, what kind of music can he enjoy?A．Country music.B．Folk music.C．Jazz.D．Rock.8．How much will Mr. Green pay if he goes to enjoy country music with his two kids?A．$10.B．$20.C．$30.D．$40. 9．Which date is suitable (合适的) for modern jazz lovers?A．June 23.B．June 24.C．June 25.D．June 26. 10．The information above may come from ____.A．a poster B．a letter C．a map D．a report 阅读理解People with the growth mindset (思维形式) believe that intelligence or skills,in any field, can be developed through efforts. Basically, they believe that anyone can develop their abilities in anything. The opposition of the growth mindset is the fixed mindset. People with the fixed one believe that intelligence and skills are innate—it's something that were born with and there is no room for change.All of us are a mixture of both the growth and fixed mindsets. In some areas of our lives, we work with the growth mindset while in others, the fixed mindset. A lot of researches suggest that people with the growth mindset seem to be more successful than people with the fixed mindset. For example, a study found that students with a growth mindset were three times more likely to score in the top 20% on the test, while students with a fixed minds were four times more likely to score in the bottom 20%. Another study found that 7th graders who took part in a growth mindset program were able to avoid a drop in grades.People with the growth mindset are much more resilient (有韧性的), which allows them to deal with challenging and difficult situations. Because they think about learning first over failure and they are unafraid to take risks. On the other hand, people with the fixed mindset don't want to challenge themselves because to them, failure once means failure always.We know that the brain can keep learning until the day we die. It also seems quite clear that if people want to be successful, they must work hard and keep trying even when they meet difficulties. Now you know why the growth mindset is important. Keep in mind that it takes a lot of efforts to develop a growth mindset and that it'll always be a hard fight to avoid falling into the fixed mindset.11．What does the underlined word "innate" in paragraph 1 mean?A．Changeable.B．Natural.C．Trainable.D．Growing.12．What can we learn from paragraph 2?A．People with mixed mindsets are smarter.B．Growth mindset may help achieve more.C．20% of students could get the top scores.D．The scores of 7th graders stop dropping.13．What would people with the growth mindset see "losing a match" as?A．A learning way.B．A fixed result.C．A useless risk.D．A silly mistake.14．What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?A．To explain why we have different mindsets.B．To discuss the advantages of mixed mindsets.C．To compare the growth mindset with the fixed one.D．To encourage people to develop the growth mindset.15．Where is the passage probably taken from?A．A science magazine.B．A science fiction.C．A medical book.D．A story book.阅读理解Many farmers prefer to remove natural habitats (栖息地) to keep wild birds, and any bacteria (细菌) they carry, away from their fields and crops. However, a new study published in 2023 shows that farms near natural habitats get the most benefits from birds, including less crop damage and lower food-safety risks.The study showed that the natural habitats played the most important role in deciding whether a farm would get more benefits than harms from wild birds. Without neighboring natural habitats, birds were more likely to carry bacteria and eat fruit. At the same time, different farming actions influenced the benefits and costs that birds brought to the farms.The study was done in 21 strawberry fields in California. Together with the data from more than 300 bird surveys, scientists from the University of California also studied 1,000 fecal samples (排泄样本) from 55 kinds of birds. According to the information above, they found out which birds ate pests, beneficial insects and plants, and carried bacteria. Using this data, the scientists then ranked (排序) wild birds to see which were more likely to bring benefits or harms to farmlands. Barn swallows, for example, got a "gold star" in the study.The lead researcher, Krap said, "A better understanding of the birds' roles in ecosystem can help farmers bring out the best in the wild birds near their fields." Another similar study in 2020 found that farms with natural habitats attracted more insect-eating birds — and fewer fruit-eating birds — so that farmers got less plant damage on farms. "All together, these studies suggest that farms with natural habitats are good for both plants and birds," said Krap.It is important to know how to take advantage of the benefits while reducing the harms. Growers may say it's impossible to keep birds off the farms. So how can we make full use of the services birds provide?16．What is the finding of the study in 2023?A．Wild birds in farms increase food-safety risks.B．Farmers should clear out the natural habitats.C．Birds in natural habitats carry more bacteria to farms.D．Farms near natural habitats benefit most from birds.17．Which is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 3?A．Who did the study.B．When the study ended.C．How the study was done.D．Where the study was done.18．Why is a study in 2020 mentioned in Paragraph 4?A．To describe the difficulties.B．To compare ways of the two studies.C．To support the study in 2023.D．To give background information.19．What influences farms most according to the passage?A．Prices of neighboring farmlands.B．Management of the neighboring land.C．Size of natural habitats near farms.D．Location of natural habitats for birds.20．The study was done mainly to help ____.A．the scientists B．the studentsC．the farmers D．the officers(10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
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2014年河北中考理综试试题及答案本试卷分卷I和卷II两部分；卷I为选择题，卷II为非选择题。
本试卷满分为120分，考试时间为120分钟。
卷Ⅰ（选择题，共44分）注意事项：答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、姓名、准考证号等按要求填写在卷头上。
考试结束，监考人员将试卷和答题卡一并收回。
考试中请按要求规范答题。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 Na-23 O-16 S-32 Zn-65一、选择题（本大题共22个小题；每小题2分，共44分。
1—19小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题意，20—22题为多项选择题，请将正确的选项C．用高压锅炖肉可以省时，是因为气压增大，液体沸点升高的缘故D．汽油除去污渍的过程是一个溶解过程14、某合作学习小组讨论辨析以下说法完全正确的组合是（）①粗盐和酸雨都是混合物；②玩具电动车的电动机是利用电磁感应现象工作的；③不锈钢和目前流通的硬币都是合金；④泼水时，盆留在手中，水由于惯性飞出去；⑤纯碱和熟石灰都是碱。
A.①③④⑤B.①②③⑤C.①③④D.①④⑤16、下列数据中，最接近实际情况的是（）A．将一枚鸡蛋托起的力约为0.5N B. 教室课桌的高度约为80cmC. 人的步行速度约为10m/sD. 一个中学生静止站在水平地面上，对地面的压强约为10Pa17、有一种新型锁﹣﹣声纹锁．只要主人说出事先设定的暗语就能把锁打开，别人即使说出暗语也打不开．这种声纹锁辨别声音的主要依据是（ ）A. 响度 B 音色 C 音调 D 声速18、如图所示的光现象中，与小孔成像的原理相同的是（ ） ．．．． F 将铁棒从水平地面拉至竖直立起。
在这个过程中，力F 作用在A 端且始终与铁棒垂直，则用力F 将（ ）A. .逐渐变小 B 逐渐变大 C.保持不变 D.先变小后变大（20——22小题为多项选择题，每个小题有两个或两个以上选项正确，全选对每小题得2分，漏选每小题得1分，多选、错选得0分。
）20、下列有关运动和力的说法中正确的是（ ）A ．给正在运动的物体再施加一个力，物体一定比原来运动得更快B ．运动的物体如果所受外力全部消失将会做匀速直线运动C ．推出去的铅球继续前进是因为受到了惯性的作用D ．跳伞运动员在空中匀速下降时机械能逐渐减小21、如图所示电路，电源电压不变。
闭合开关S ，当滑片P 置于变阻器的中点时，电压表的示数为4V ；当滑片P 置于变阻器的b 端时，电压表的示数变化了2V ，在5s 内定值电阻R 1产生的热量为20J 。
则下列结果正确的是 A ．电源电压为12V B ．R 1的阻值为18Ω C ．滑动变阻器R 的最大阻值为18Ω D ．R 1先后两次消耗的电功率之比为16∶9 22、如图是利用滑轮组匀速提升水中圆柱体M 的示意图，滑轮组固定在钢架上，滑轮组中的两个滑轮质量相等，绕在滑轮组上的绳子能承受的最大拉力为900N ，连接圆柱体M 与动滑轮挂钩的绳子能承受的最大拉力为3000N 。
圆柱体M 高为3m ，底面积为0.02 m 2，密度为 4.5 ×103 kg/ m 3。
在绳端拉力F 作用下，圆柱体M 从其下表面距水面11m处匀速上升到其上表面与水面相平的过程中用了2min ，在这个过程中，拉力F 做的功为1.92×104J ，滑轮组的机械效率为η，钢架对定滑轮的拉力为T 。
在圆柱体M 被缓慢拉出水的过程中，圆柱体M 的下表面受到水的压强为p 。
不计绳重、轮与轴的摩擦及水的阻力，（g 取10N / kg ）。
下列选项中正确的是（ ）A ．压强p 的最小值为15000PaB ．拉力T 的大小为1900NC ．拉力F 的大小为800ND ．滑轮组的机械效率为90%图R 1 R ba P S V二、填空及简答题（本大题共9个小题；第24小题3分，其他小题每空1分，共34分）23.23、汽车的诞生改变了人类的生活方式．事实上，人类很早就在探寻着更好的代步工具，法国人居纽于1769年制造了世界上第一辆蒸汽驱动的三轮车．现在你看到的这幅漫画，据说是牛顿所设计的蒸汽汽车原理图，试就该原理图回答下列问题：（1）. 蒸汽三轮车工作原理是什么？答：。
（2）.原理图中，蒸汽三轮车在工作过程中能量如何转化？答：。
（3）.针对蒸汽三轮车的运动过程请提出一个有关力学方面的问题并回答。
问题：。
回答：。
24、在电影院偷拍是制作盗版电影惯用的方法。
为此，科学家发明了一种反盗版电影的装置，将装置安装在银幕后面，其发出的红外线通过银幕上的小孔射向观众席上的偷拍摄像机，在感光底片上成倒立、_______的______像，从而形成干扰亮点。
此装置的使用_______（填“不会”或“会”）影响观众的观看。
25、用煤气灶把2kg，初温为30℃的水烧到80℃，消耗了20g煤气，已知水的比热容是4.2×103J/(kg·℃)，煤气的热值为4.2×107J/kg，则水吸收的热量为J，煤气完全燃烧放出的热量为J，煤气灶烧水的效率为%。
26、阅读短文，回答问题。
汽车作为曾经推动人类文明向前跃进的现代社会的产物，在给人类的生活带来便捷舒适的同时，对自然生态环境的恶化也有难以推卸的责任．大气污染主要来源于工业污染和汽车尾气，99%的一氧化碳和一氧化氮的排放来源于汽车尾气．我市近几年来汽车保有量的增长很快，环保面临如汽车污染等问题的考验．另据报道：将氢气应用于汽车发动机的技术已在我国研制成功；酒精为燃料的汽车已在北京市、河南省使用；很多地方已将一部分汽车改用液化气作燃料．（1）汽车水箱中用水来做冷却剂的原因：．（2）汽车尾气中的大气污染物有（写化学式）：；（3）请提出我市治理汽车污染的一条合理化建议：．（4）就目前情况看，氢气作燃料的汽车要投入使用前，你认为还要研究解决的问题有．三、实验探究题（本大题共4个题：第32小题4分，第33小题6分，第34、35小题各7分，共24分）32．下面是同学们做过的一些物理实验情景图，请你对这些实验现象分别进行分析并得出结论．（1）图甲：闭合开关，小磁针发生们偏转．说明： ．（2）图乙：迅速击打硬纸板，板上的鸡蛋落入杯中．说明： ．（3）图丙：将两滴等量的水分别滴在两块玻璃板上，其中被加热的水滴先消失．说明： ．（4）图丁：管中的水面上升，说明： 。
33、在“测酸奶密度”的实验中，(1)小明的实验方案：用天平和量筒测密度。
①他用已调节好的天平测得空烧杯的质量m 0为37.4 g ；接着把酸奶倒人烧杯中，测得烧杯和酸奶的总质量m 1，如图所示m 1=________g ；然后把烧杯中的酸奶倒人量筒中，如图所示，V 奶=________cm 3；则酸奶的密度ρ=________g ／cm 3。
②在交流讨论中，小雨同学认为小明测得的酸奶密度值偏大。
其原因是________________________________(2)小雨的实验方案：巧妙地利用天平、小玻璃瓶(有盖)和水测酸奶密度。
图丁请你简要写出小雨的实验过程和酸奶密度的计算表达式(用测量的物理量符号表示)。
__________________________________________________________________ 34、在“测定小灯泡功率”的实验中，被测小灯泡的额定电压为2.5V，电阻约为10Ω。
图甲图乙图丙（1）在检查仪器时，发现电流表指针如图甲所示，则应对电流表进行。
（2）图乙是未连接好的电路，请在图上用笔画线代替导线连接好电路。
（3）正确连接电路后闭合开关，调节滑动变阻器滑片到某一位置，电压表的示数如图丙所示，为测小灯泡的额定功率，应将滑动变阻器滑片向（填“A”或“B”）端滑动直至电压表示数为2.5V，记下此时电流表的示数，即可测出。
（4）完成上述实验后，小明发观电压表已坏，她利用剩余器材和老师又给的一个定值电阻Ro、两个开关S1、S2及导线，也完成了对小灯泡额定功率的测量。
（1）请你在右侧的虚线框内画出小明完成实验设计的电路图。
（2）写出测定额定功率的简要步骤：。
（3）额定功率的表达式：。
四、计算应用题（本大题共3个小题；第36小题5分，第37小题6分，第38小题7分，共18分。
解答时，要求有必要的文字说明、公式和计算步骤等，只写最后结果不得分）37. 如图甲所示的是一台汽车起重机的示意图，起重钩的升降使用的是滑轮组，如图乙所示，滑轮组上钢丝绳的收放是由卷扬机来完成的．某次做业中，起重机将400Kg的货物由地面起吊到10m的高度，所用时间80s，钢丝绳的拉力F为1600N．求起吊过程中：(g取1ON/kg)(1)起重机起吊货物的机械效率(2)卷扬机做功的功率38、如下图甲所示为某型号汽车的自动测定油箱内油量的电路原理图，其中电源两端的电压恒为24V，R0=10Ω，A为油量指示表（一只量程为0---0.6A的电流表），R X为压敏电阻，它的上表面面积为10cm2，其阻值与所受压力的变化如下图乙所示，当油箱加满油时，油量指示表的示数如下图丙所示。
（1）当R X所受压力为零时，R X的阻值为多少？300（2）当油箱内汽油用完时，油量指示表的指针指向某一位置，求此位置所对应的电流值是多少？（计算结果保留两位小数）0.08（3）油箱装满油时，油对R X的压力与压强各为多少？2.8 2800。