最新EEEC.DOC
EC标准与规范(PPT 27页)(27页)

IEC 61O00-3-2 IEC 61000-3-2am1 IEC 61000-3-2am2 IEC 61000-3-2 Consolidated Edition
IEC 61000-3-3
IEC/TR2 61000-3-4
IEC/TR2 61000-3-5
IEC/TR3 61000-3-6
IEC/TR3 61000-3-7
公用低压供电系统中的低频传导骚扰和信号传输的兼容电平 Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling In public low-voltage power supply systems
1992-09 1994-02
1993-06 1994-06 1995-05 1997-11
1998-01 1997-02
供电系统及所连设备谐波和谐间波的测量和仪表通用指南 General guide on harmonics and Interhamonics measurements and Instrumentation,for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto 工频磁场抗扰度试验 基础EMC出版物 Power trequency magnetic held immunity test.Basic EMC publication 脉冲磁场抗扰度试验 基础EMC出版物 Pulse magnetic field immunity tests. Basic EMC publication
IEC 61000《电磁兼容》标准
出版日期
标准名称
第1部分 总则General
电子技术应用专业核心课程建设方案

电子技术应用专业核心课程建设方案第一篇:电子技术应用专业核心课程建设方案清远市清城区职业技术学校电子技术应用专业核心课程建设方案(试行)专业核心课程是指能够对学生职业能力培养和职业素养养成起主要支撑或明显促进作用的课程,是打造专业核心能力的课程。
为深化校企循环、工学交替人才培养模式改革,提高教育教学质量,特制定本建设方案。
一、指导思想核心课程建设,是学校电子技术应用专业教学改革、教学方法与手段创新、教学内容完善、师资队伍建设、加强实践教学、不断提高教学质量的重要措施。
核心课程建设要贯彻以服务为宗旨、以就业为导向的指导方针,突出职业能力培养,体现校企循环、工学交替的鲜明特色,要以岗位分析和具体工作过程为基础设计课程,能恰当运用微课、FLASH、PPT课件、网络等现代教学技术、方法与手段,便于学生自主学习和随时随地的运用智能手机、平板电脑、家用电脑学习,教学效果显著,具有示范、辐射作用,要通过专业核心课程建设工作,带动师资水平提升。
二、建设计划专业核心课程建设工作计划分两期,在2013年6月至2014年6月两年内完成,2013年6月前完成第一期,建成《电子技术基础与技能》、《电工基础与技能》、等二门核心课程;2014年6月前完成第二期,增加《PLC技术》、《手机原理与维修》、《单片机原理与维修》三门核心课程,并且将核心课程在专业教学中全面铺开。
三、建设内容(一)依据职业岗位分析,准确进行课程定位进行充分的行业企业调研,召开企业实践专家访谈会共同研讨,根据岗位任职要求确定专业能力体系。
在专业人才能力分析的基础上,确定课程在专业人才培养目标中的地位与作用、承担的能力培养任务。
(二)校企合作,共同制订课程标准课程标准(即教学大纲)是课程分析、课程设计、课程实施基本思想及做法的载体,是一门课程最基本的教学文件,其基本内容包括课程基本信息、课程主 1要任务描述、课程学习目标描述、课程能力标准要求、课程主要内容、学生能力测试与评价体系、教学资源配置等。
电子信息工程技术专业课程改革方案

电子信息工程技术专业核心课程综合改革方案教学改革是当前职业教育改革和发展中的重要任务之一,而课程改革是教学改革的核心,起着牵一发而动全身的关键作用。
随着电子信息技术的不断发展进步,特别是近年来电子产品结构的调整升级和技术更新,带动了电子信息工程技术人才的需求变化,反映出本专业的教学改革还不能完全适应新形势下培养高技能型人才的需要。
主要表现在新的培养目标与课程体系之间存在着较大的反差,教学模式和方法创新不够,实践能力的培养和职业技能的训练比较薄弱,教师的教学水平和实践能力急待提高,实训实习基地建设投入不足等,这些方面都影响到了教学质量和效益的提高。
因此,我们应把工作的重点更多地转移到充实专业、苦练内功、深化改革、提高质量的内涵发展的轨道上来,通过课程改革更好地实现本专业的人才培养目标。
一、改革目标1.课程内容取自企业的典型工作任务,根据高职学生的职业发展规律,关注学生的学习兴趣和体验。
2.倡导学生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手的学习态度,培养学生合作能力,获取新知识和创新的能力。
3.探索新课程评价机制,发挥评价功能,促进学生主动发展和教师提高,推动新课程的发展。
4.注重学科整合,改变以往学科缺乏整合的现状,形成新型的课程体系。
二、改革内容在对相应电子信息行业、企业调研的基础上,运用工作分析和教学分析的方法,遵循技能型人才职业能力形成的规律,着眼于学习者知识、技能和情感态度的培养以及专业能力、方法能力、社会能力的形成,构建以能力为本位、以职业实践为主线、以项目课程为主体的模块式一体化专业核心课程体系。
1.打破以知识逻辑为主线,通过项目整合知识与实践,重新组织设计教学内容。
降低专业基础课程知识难度、深度,确保学生达到既满足职业生涯需要,又满足学生终身学习需要的基本理论知识素养。
以关键能力为目标,按理论够用的基本要求整合专业基础课程,减少课程中设计类和原理类等知识,增加实用类和操作类知识。
增加专业技能所占的比例,按技能过硬的基本要求,以直接就业(上岗)为主要目标,构建专业技能模块。
《电工与电子技术 C》教学大纲

《电工与电子技术C》教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称电工与电子技术C英文名称Electrical and electronic technology C开课单位电气与信息工程学院课程负责人课程代码3DXD754C学分3课程类别专业教育课程适用专业安全工程,材料成型及控制工程,油气储运工程,复合材料与工程,过程装备与控制工程,海洋油气工程,建筑环境与能源应用工程,勘查技术与工程,矿物加工工程,能源与动力工程,汽车服务工程,石油工程,无机非金属材料工程,物联网工程,消防工程,冶金工程,应用化学等课内学时48课外学时30先修课程《高等数学》、《大学物理》课程简介《电工与电子技术C》课程是安全工程等非电类专业的一门专业教育必修课。
本课程主要介绍“电路基础”和“模拟电子技术”二个模块。
主要内容有直流电路、正弦交流电路、三相交流电路、常用半导体器件、基本放大电路、直流稳压电源等。
通过本课程的学习,使学生获得电工与电子技术的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能,了解电工与电子技术的应用和我国电工与电子技术发展的概况,为学生学习后续课程《传感器与测试技术基础》等并为将来从事工程技术工作和科学研究打下一定的理论基础。
二、课程教学目标通过本课程教学,使学生系统掌握电工与电子技术中的基本概念、基本原理和方法,培养学生的科学思维能力,树立理论联系实际的工程观点,提高学生分析问题与解决问题的能力。
结合非电类专业特点,介绍相关专业应用电工与电子技术方面的情况,提高学生对本课程的重视。
教学过程中多采用动画及视频介绍电工与电子技术相关内容。
为本专业的深化学习及知识的拓宽打下基础。
具体细化为:课程目标1:能够正确理解电路基础知识和基本概念,了解复杂电路和简单电路的区别,看懂常用电路符号。
(对应毕业要求指标点1.4)课程目标2:掌握电路的分析方法-基尔霍夫定律、支路电流法、叠加原理和戴维南定理,能够运用数学知识解决交直流的计算。
(对应毕业要求指标点1.4)课程目标3:掌握常用半导体器件的特点和使用方法,能够计算基本放大电路的静态工1390作点和动态参数,了解静态工作点对输出波形的影响。
制定eenc培训计划

制定eenc培训计划eenc培训计划是一项旨在提升员工素质和能力的培训项目。
本文将详细介绍eenc培训计划的内容、目标和实施方法。
一、培训计划内容eenc培训计划包括以下几个方面的内容:环境保护意识培养、能源管理技术、碳排放减少、可持续发展等。
通过这些内容的学习和实践,员工将能够更好地理解和应用环境保护和可持续发展的相关知识和技能。
二、培训计划目标eenc培训计划的目标是提高员工对环境保护和可持续发展的认识和理解,培养员工的环保意识和能源管理技能,减少企业的碳排放,促进企业的可持续发展。
通过培训,员工将能够更好地应对环境变化和能源紧缺的挑战,为企业的可持续发展做出贡献。
三、培训计划实施方法1. 培训课程安排:根据员工的实际需求和公司的要求,制定培训课程的安排和内容。
课程可以包括理论学习、案例分析、实地考察等形式,以提高员工对环保和可持续发展的认识和理解。
2. 培训材料准备:准备相关的培训材料,包括教材、案例分析、实验指导等。
确保材料的准确性和实用性,能够满足员工的学习需求。
3. 培训师资培训:培训师资是保证培训效果的重要因素。
培训师资需要具备深厚的专业知识和丰富的教学经验,能够与员工进行良好的互动和交流。
4. 培训评估与反馈:在培训结束后,进行培训评估和反馈,了解员工对培训效果的评价和反馈意见。
根据评估结果,及时调整和改进培训计划,提高培训质量和效果。
四、培训成效评估为了评估培训的成效,可以采取以下几种方式:1. 培训前后的测试:通过培训前后的测试,评估员工对环保和可持续发展知识的掌握程度。
2. 参与度和反馈:评估员工参与培训的积极性和主动性,以及对培训的满意度和改进建议。
3. 培训后的实践成果:通过观察员工在实际工作中的表现,评估培训对员工的影响和改变。
五、总结与展望eenc培训计划是一项重要的企业发展战略,通过培训,可以提高员工的环保意识和能源管理技能,减少企业的碳排放,促进企业的可持续发展。
Directive 2000 76 EC

ENOfficial Journal of the European Communities 28.12.2000L 332/91DIRECTIVE 2000/76/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILof 4December 2000on the incineration of wasteTHE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,and in particular Article 175(1)thereof,Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1),Having regard to the Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (2),Having regard to the Opinion of the Committee of the Regions (3),Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251of the Treaty (4),and in the light of the joint text approved by the Conciliation Committee on 11October 2000,Whereas:(1)The fifth Environment Action Programme:Towards sustainability —A European Community programme of policy and action in relation to the environment and sustainable development,supplemented by Decision No 2179/98/EC on its review (5),sets as an objective that critical loads and levels of certain pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ),sulphur dioxide (SO 2),heavy metals and dioxins should not be exceeded,while in terms of air quality the objective is that all people should be effectively protected against recognised health risks from air pollution.That Programme further sets as an objective a 90%reduction of dioxin emissions of identi-fied sources by 2005(1985level)and at least 70%reduction from all pathways of cadmium (Cd),mercury (Hg)and lead (Pb)emissions in 1995.(2)The Protocol on persistent organic pollutants signed by the Community within the framework of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE)Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution sets legally binding limit values for the emission of dioxins and furans of 0,1ng/m;TE (Toxicity Equiva-lents)for installations burning more than 3tonnes per hour of municipal solid waste,0,5ng/m;TE for installa-tions burning more than 1tonne per hour of medicalwaste,and 0,2ng/m;TE for installations burning more than 1tonne per hour of hazardous waste.(3)The Protocol on Heavy Metals signed by the Community within the framework of the UN-ECE Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution sets legally binding limit values for the emission of particulate of 10mg/m 3for hazardous and medical waste incineration and for the emission of mercury of 0,05mg/m 3for hazardous waste incineration and 0,08mg/m 3for municipal waste incineration.(4)The International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Health Organisation indicate that some poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)are carcinogenic.Therefore,Member States may set emission limit values for PAHs among other pollutants.(5)In accordance with the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality as set out in Article 5of the Treaty,there is a need to take action at the level of the Community.The precautionary principle provides the basis for further measures.This Directive confines itself to minimum requirements for incineration and co-incin-eration plants.(6)Further,Article 174provides that Community policy on the environment is to contribute to protecting human health.(7)Therefore,a high level of environmental protection and human health protection requires the setting and main-taining of stringent operational conditions,technical requirements and emission limit values for plants incin-erating or co-incinerating waste within the Community.The limit values set should prevent or limit as far as practicable negative effects on the environment and the resulting risks to human health.(8)The Communication from the Commission on the review of the Community Strategy for waste manage-ment assigns prevention of waste the first priority,followed by reuse and recovery and finally by safe disposal of waste;in its Resolution of 24February 1997on a Community Strategy for waste management (6),the Council reiterated its conviction that waste prevention should be the first priority of any rational waste policy in relation to minimising waste production and the hazardous properties of waste.1p.6and OJ C 372,2.12.1998,p.11.(2)OJ C 116,28.4.1999,p.40.(3)OJ C 198,14.7.1999,p.37.(4)Opinion of the European Parliament of 14April 1999(OJ C 219,30.7.1999,p.249),Council Common Position of 25November 1999(OJ C 25,28.1.2000,p.17)and Decision of the European Parliament of 15March 2000(not yet published in the Official Journal).Decision of the European Parliament of 16November 2000and Decision of the Council of 20November 2000.(5)OJ C 138,17.5.1993,p.1and OJ L 275,10.10.1998,p.1.(6)OJ C 76,11.3.1997,p.1.EN Official Journal of the European Communities28.12.2000 L332/92(9)In its Resolution of24February1997the Council alsounderlines the importance of Community criteriaconcerning the use of waste,the need for appropriateemission standards to apply to incineration facilities,theneed for monitoring measures to be envisaged forexisting incineration plants,and the need for theCommission to consider amending Community legisla-tion in relation to the incineration of waste with energyrecovery in order to avoid large-scale movements ofwaste for incineration or co-incineration in theCommunity.(10)It is necessary to set strict rules for all plants incineratingor co-incinerating waste in order to avoid transboundarymovements to plants operating at lower costs due to lessstringent environmental standards.(11)The Communication from the Commission/energy forthe future:renewable sources of energy/White paper fora Community strategy and action plan takes into consid-eration in particular the use of biomass for energypurposes.(12)Council Directive96/61/EC(1)sets out an integratedapproach to pollution prevention and control in whichall the aspects of an installations environmentalperformance are considered in an integrated manner.Installations for the incineration of municipal waste witha capacity exceeding3tonnes per hour and installationsfor the disposal or recovery of hazardous waste with acapacity exceeding10tonnes per day are includedwithin the scope of the said Directive.(13)Compliance with the emission limit values laid down bythis Directive should be regarded as a necessary but notsufficient condition for compliance with the require-ments of Directive96/61/EC.Such compliance mayinvolve more stringent emissions limit values for thepollutants envisaged by this Directive,emission limitvalues for other substances and other media,and otherappropriate conditions.(14)Industrial experience in the implementation of tech-niques for the reduction of polluting emissions fromincineration plants has been acquired over a period often years.(15)Council Directives89/369/EEC(2)and89/429/EEC(3)on the prevention and reduction of air pollution frommunicipal waste incineration plants have contributed tothe reduction and control of atmospheric emissionsfrom incineration plants.More stringent rules shouldnow be adopted and those Directives should accordinglybe repealed.(16)The distinction between hazardous and non-hazardouswaste is based principally on the properties of wasteprior to incineration or co-incineration but not ondifferences in emissions.The same emission limit valuesshould apply to the incineration or co-incineration ofhazardous and non-hazardous waste but different tech-niques and conditions of incineration or co-incinerationand different monitoring measures upon reception ofwaste should be retained.(17)Member States should take into account CouncilDirective1999/30/EC of22April1999relating to limitvalues for sulphur dioxide,nitrogen dioxide and oxidesof nitrogen,particulate matter and lead in ambientair(4)when implementing this Directive.(18)The incineration of hazardous waste with a content ofmore than1%of halogenated organic substances,expressed as chlorine,has to comply with certain opera-tional conditions in order to destroy as many organicpollutants such as dioxins as possible.(19)The incineration of waste which contains chlorine gener-ates flue gas residues.Such residues should be managedin a way that minimises their amount and harmfulness.(20)There may be grounds to provide for specified exemp-tions to the emission limit values for some pollutantsduring a specified time limit and subject to specificconditions.(21)Criteria for certain sorted combustible fraction of non-hazardous waste not suitable for recycling,should bedeveloped in order to allow the authorisation of thereduction of the frequency of periodical measurements.(22)A single text on the incineration of waste will improvelegal clarity and enforceability.There should be a singledirective for the incineration and co-incineration ofhazardous and non-hazardous waste taking fully intoaccount the substance and structure of Council Directive94/67/EC of16December1994on the incineration ofhazardous waste(5).Therefore Directive94/67/ECshould also be repealed.(23)Article4of Council Directive75/442/EEC of15July1975on waste(6)requires Member States to take thenecessary measures to ensure that waste is recovered ordisposed of without endangering human health andwithout harming the environment.To this end,Articles9and10of that Directive provide that any plant orundertaking treating waste must obtain a permit fromthe competent authorities relating,inter alia,to theprecautions to be taken.1p.26.(2)OJ L163,14.6.1989,p.32.Directive as last amended by theAccession Act of1994.(4)OJ L163,29.6.1999,p.41.(5)OJ L365,31.12.1994,p.34.(3)OJ L203,15.7.1989,p.50.Directive as last amended by theAccession Act of1994.(6)OJ L194,25.7.1975,p.39.Directive as last amended by Commis-sion Decision350/96/EC(OJ L135,6.6.1996,p.32).EN Official Journal of the European Communities28.12.2000L332/93(24)The requirements for recovering the heat generated bythe incineration or co-incineration process and for mini-mising and recycling residues resulting from the opera-tion of incineration or co-incineration plants will assistin meeting the objectives of Article3on the wastehierarchy of Directive75/442/EEC.(25)Incineration and co-incineration plants treating onlyanimal waste regulated by Directive90/667/EEC(1)areexcluded from the scope of this Directive.The Commis-sion intends to propose a revision to the requirements ofDirective90/667with a view to providing for highenvironmental standards for the incineration and co-incineration of animal waste.(26)The permit for an incineration or co-incineration plantshall also comply with any applicable requirements laiddown in Directives91/271/EEC(2),96/61/EC,96/62/EC(3),76/464/EEC(4),and1999/31/EC(5).(27)The co-incineration of waste in plants not primarilyintended to incinerate waste should not be allowed tocause higher emissions of polluting substances in thatpart of the exhaust gas volume resulting from suchco-incineration than those permitted for dedicated incin-eration plants and should therefore be subject to appro-priate limitations.(28)High-standard measurement techniques are required tomonitor emissions to ensure compliance with the emis-sion limit values for the pollutants.(29)The introduction of emission limit values for thedischarge of waste water from the cleaning of exhaustgases from incineration and co-incineration plants willlimit a transfer of pollutants from the air into water.(30)Provisions should be laid down for cases where theemission limit values are exceeded as well as for techni-cally unavoidable stoppages,disturbances or failures ofthe purification devices or the measurement devices.(31)In order to ensure transparency of the permittingprocess throughout the Community the public shouldhave access to information with a view to allowing it tobe involved in decisions to be taken following applica-tions for new permits and their subsequent updates.Thepublic should have access to reports on the functioningand monitoring of the plants burning more than threetonnes per hour in order to be informed of their poten-tial effects on the environment and human health.(32)The Commission should present a report both to theEuropean Parliament and the Council based on theexperience of applying this Directive,the new scientificknowledge gained,the development of the state of tech-nology,the progress achieved in emission control tech-niques,and on the experience made in waste manage-ment and operation of the plants and on the develop-ment of environmental requirements,with a view toproposing,as appropriate,to adapt the related provi-sions of this Directive.(33)The measures necessary for the implementation of thisDirective are to be adopted in accordance with CouncilDecision1999/468/EC of28June1999laying downthe procedures for the exercise of implementing powersconferred on the Commission(6).(34)Member States should lay down rules on penaltiesapplicable to infringements of the provisions of thisDirective and ensure that they are implemented;thosepenalties should be effective,proportionate anddissuasive,HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:Article1ObjectivesThe aim of this Directive is to prevent or to limit as far as practicable negative effects on the environment,in particular pollution by emissions into air,soil,surface water and ground-water,and the resulting risks to human health,from the incin-eration and co-incineration of waste.This aim shall be met by means of stringent operational condi-tions and technical requirements,through setting emission limit values for waste incineration and co-incineration plants within the Community and also through meeting the require-ments of Directive75/442/EEC.Article2Scope1.This Directive covers incineration and co-incineration plants.(1)Council Directive90/667/EEC of27November1990,laying downthe veterinary rules for the disposal and processing of animal waste,for its placing on the market and for the prevention of pathogensin feedstuffs of animal or fish origin and amending Directive90/425/EEC(OJ L363,27.12.1990,p.51).Directive as last amendedby the Accession Act of1994.(2)Council Directive91/271/EEC of21May1991concerning urbanwaste-water treatment(OJ L135,30.5.1991,p.40).Directive asamended by Directive98/15/EC(OJ L67,7.3.1998,p.29).(3)Council Directive96/62/EC of27September1996on ambient airquality assessment and management(OJ L296,21.11.1996,p.55).(4)Council Directive76/464/EEC of4May1976on pollution causedby certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environ-ment of the Community(OJ L129,18.5.1976,p.23).Directive aslast amended by the Accession Act of1994.(5)Directive1999/31/EC of26April1999on the landfill of waste(OJL182,16.7.1999,p.1).(6)OJ L184,17.7.1999,p.23.ENOfficial Journal of the European Communities 28.12.2000L 332/942.The following plants shall however be excluded from the scope of this Directive:(a)Plants treating only the following wastes:(i)vegetable waste from agriculture and forestry,(ii)vegetable waste from the food processing industry,ifthe heat generated is recovered,(iii)fibrous vegetable waste from virgin pulp productionand from production of paper from pulp,if it is co-incinerated at the place of production and the heat generated is recovered,(iv)wood waste with the exception of wood waste whichmay contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood-preservatives or coating,and which includes in partic-ular such wood waste originating from construction and demolition waste,(v)cork waste,(vi)radioactive waste,(vii)animal carcasses as regulated by Directive90/667/EEC without prejudice to its future amende-ments,(viii)waste resulting from the exploration for,and theexploitation of,oil and gas resources from off-shore installations and incinerated on board the installation;(b)Experimental plants used for research,development andtesting in order to improve the incineration process and which treat less than 50tonnes of waste per year.Article 3DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Directive:1.‘waste’means any solid or liquid waste as defined in Article 1(a)of Directive 75/442/EEC;2.‘hazardous waste’means any solid or liquid waste as defined in Article 1(4)of Council Directive 91/689/EEC of 12December 1991on hazardous waste (1).For the following hazardous wastes,the specific require-ments for hazardous waste in this Directive shall not apply:(a)combustible liquid wastes including waste oils as defined in Article 1of Council Directive 75/439/EEC of 16June 1975on the disposal of waste oils (2)provided that they meet the following criteria:(i)the mass content of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g.polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)or pentachlorinated phenol (PCP)amounts to concentrations not higher than those set out in the relevant Community legislation;(ii)these wastes are not rendered hazardous by virtueof containing other constituents listed in Annex II to Directive 91/689/EEC in quantities or in concentrations which are inconsistent with the achievement of the objectives set out in Article 4of Directive 75/442/EEC;and (iii)the net calorific value amounts to at least 30MJper kilogramme,(b)any combustible liquid wastes which cannot cause,inthe flue gas directly resulting from their combustion,emissions other than those from gasoil as defined in Article 1(1)of Directive 93/12/EEC (3)or a higher concentration of emissions than those resulting from the combustion of gasoil as so defined;3.‘mixed municipal waste’means waste from households as well as commercial,industrial and institutional waste,which because of its nature and composition is similar to waste from households,but excluding fractions indicated in the Annex to Decision 94/3/EC (4)under heading 2001that are collected separately at source and excluding the other wastes indicated under heading 2002of that Annex;4.‘incineration plant’means any stationary or mobile tech-nical unit and equipment dedicated to the thermal treat-ment of wastes with or without recovery of the combus-tion heat generated.This includes the incineration by oxidation of waste as well as other thermal treatment processes such as pyrolysis,gasification or plasma processes in so far as the substances resulting from the treatment are subsequently incinerated.This definition covers the site and the entire incineration plant including all incineration lines,waste reception,storage,on site pretreatment facilities,waste-fuel and air-supply systems,boiler,facilities for the treatment of exhaust gases,on-site facilities for treatment or storage of residues and waste water,stack,devices and systems for controlling incineration operations,recording and monitoring incineration conditions;5.‘co-incineration plant’means any stationary or mobile plant whose main purpose is the generation of energy or production of material products and:—which uses wastes as a regular or additional fuel;or —in which waste is thermally treated for the purpose of disposal.(3)Council Directive 93/12/EEC of 23March 1993relating to the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels (OJ L 74,27.3.1993,p.81).Directive as last amended by Directive 1999/32/EC (OJ L 121,11.5.1999,p.13).(1)OJ L 377,31.12.1991,p.20.Directive as amended by Directive 94/31/EC.(OJ L 168,2.7.1994,p.28).(4)Commission Decision 94/3/EC of 20December 1993establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1a of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste (OJ L 5,7.1.1994,p.15).(2)OJ L 194,25.7.1975,p.23.Directive as last amended by the Accession Act of 1994.EN Official Journal of the European Communities28.12.2000L332/95If co-incineration takes place in such a way that the main purpose of the plant is not the generation of energy or production of material products but rather the thermal treatment of waste,the plant shall be regarded as an incineration plant within the meaning of point4.This definition covers the site and the entire plant including all co-incineration lines,waste reception,storage, on site pretreatment facilities,waste-,fuel-and air-supply systems,boiler,facilities for the treatment of exhaust gases, on-site facilities for treatment or storage of residues and waste water,stack devices and systems for controlling incineration operations,recording and monitoring incin-eration conditions;6.‘existing co-incineration or co-incineration plant’means anincineration or co-incineration plant:(a)which is in operation and has a permit in accordancewith existing Community legislation before28December2002,or,(b)which is authorised or registered for incineration orco-incineration and has a permit issued before28December2002in accordance with existingCommunity legislation,provided that the plant is putinto operation not later than28December2003,or(c)which,in the view of the competent authority,is thesubject of a full request for a permit,before28December2002,provided that the plant is put intooperation not later than28December2004;7.‘nominal capacity’means the sum of the incinerationcapacities of the furnaces of which an incineration plant is composed,as specified by the constructor and confirmed by the operator,with due account being taken,in partic-ular,of the calorific value of the waste,expressed as the quantity of waste incinerated per hour;8.‘emission’means the direct or indirect release ofsubstances,vibrations,heat or noise from individual or diffuse sources in the plant into the air,water or soil;9.‘emission limit values’means the mass,expressed in termsof certain specific parameters,concentration and/or level of an emission,which may not be exceeded during one or more periods of time;10.‘dioxins and furans’means all polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans listed in Annex I;11.‘operator’means any natural or legal person who operatesor controls the plant or,where this is provided for in national legislation,to whom decisive economic power over the technical functioning of the plant has been dele-gated;12.‘permit’means a written decision(or several such deci-sions)delivered by the competent authority granting authorisation to operate a plant,subject to certain condi-tions which guarantee that the plant complies with all therequirements of this Directive.A permit may cover one or more plants or parts of a plant on the same site operated by the same operator;13.‘residue’means any liquid or solid material(includingbottom ash and slag,fly ash and boiler dust,solid reaction products from gas treatment,sewage sludge from the treat-ment of waste waters,spent catalysts and spent activated carbon)defined as waste in Article1(a)of Directive 75/442/EEC,which is generated by the incineration or co-incineration process,the exhaust gas or waste water treatment or other processes within the incineration or co-incineration plant.Article4Application and permit1.Without prejudice to Article11of Directive75/442/EEC or to Article3of Directive91/689/EEC,no incineration or co-incineration plant shall operate without a permit to carry out these activities.2.Without prejudice to Directive96/61/EC,the application for a permit for an incineration or co-incineration plant to the competent authority shall include a description of the measures which are envisaged to guarantee that:(a)the plant is designed,equipped and will be operated in sucha manner that the requirements of this Directive are takinginto account the categories of waste to be incinerated;(b)the heat generated during the incineration and co-incinera-tion process is recovered as far as practicable e.g.through combined heat and power,the generating of process steam or district heating;(c)the residues will be minimised in their amount and harm-fulness and recycled where appropriate;(d)the disposal of the residues which cannot be prevented,reduced or recycled will be carried out in conformity with national and Community legislation.3.The permit shall be granted only if the application shows that the proposed measurement techniques for emissions into the air comply with Annex III and,as regards water,comply with Annex III paragraphs1and2.4.The permit granted by the competent authority for an incineration or co-incineration plant shall,in addition to complying with any applicable requirement laid down in Directives91/271/EEC,96/61/EC,96/62/EC,76/464/EEC and 1999/31/EC:(a)list explicitly the categories of waste which may be treated.The list shall use at least the categories of waste set up in the European Waste Catalogue(EWC),if possible,and contain information on the quantity of waste,where appro-priate;EN Official Journal of the European Communities28.12.2000 L332/96(b)include the total waste incinerating or co-incineratingcapacity of the plant;(c)specify the sampling and measurement procedures used tosatisfy the obligations imposed for periodic measurements of each air and water pollutants.5.The permit granted by the competent authority to an incineration or co-incineration plant using hazardous waste shall in addition to paragraph4:(a)list the quantities of the different categories of hazardouswaste which may be treated;(b)specify the minimum and maximum mass flows of thosehazardous wastes,their lowest and maximum calorific values and their maximum contents of pollutants,e.g.PCB, PCP,chlorine,fluorine,sulphur,heavy metals.6.Without prejudice to the provisions of the Treaty, Member States may list the categories of waste to be mentioned in the permit which can be co-incinerated in defined categories of co-incineration plants.7.Without prejudice to Directive96/61/EC,the competent authority shall periodically reconsider and,where necessary, update permit conditions.8.Where the operator of an incineration or co-incineration plant for non-hazardous waste is envisaging a change of opera-tion which would involve the incineration or co-incineration of hazardous waste,this shall be regarded as a substantial change within the meaning of Article2(10)(b)of Directive96/61/EC and Article12(2)of that Directive shall apply.9.If an incineration or co-incineration plant does not comply with the conditions of the permit,in particular with the emission limit values for air and water,the competent authority shall take action to enforce compliance.Article5Delivery and reception of waste1.The operator of the incineration or co-incineration plant shall take all necessary precautions concerning the delivery and reception of waste in order to prevent or to limit as far as practicable negative effects on the environment,in particular the pollution of air,soil,surface water and groundwater as well as odours and noise,and direct risks to human health.These measures shall meet at least the requirements set out in para-graphs3and4.2.The operator shall determine the mass of each category of waste,if possible according to the EWC,prior to accepting the waste at the incineration or co-incineration plant.3.Prior to accepting hazardous waste at the incineration or co-incineration plant,the operator shall have available informa-tion about the waste for the purpose of verifying,inter alia, compliance with the permit requirements specified in Article 4(5).This information shall cover:(a)all the administrative information on the generatingprocess contained in the documents mentioned in para-graph4(a);(b)the physical,and as far as practicable,chemical composi-tion of the waste and all other information necessary to evaluate its suitability for the intended incineration process;(c)the hazardous characteristics of the waste,the substanceswith which it cannot be mixed,and the precautions to be taken in handling the waste.4.Prior to accepting hazardous waste at the incineration or co-incineration plant,at least the following reception proced-ures shall be carried out by the operator:(a)the checking of those documents required by Directive91/689/EEC and,where applicable,those required by Council Regulation(EEC)No259/93of1February1993 on the supervision,and control of shipments of waste within,into and out of the European Community(1)and by dangerous-goods transport regulations;(b)the taking of representative samples,unless inappropriate,e.g.for infectious clinical waste,as far as possible beforeunloading,to verify conformity with the information provided for in paragraph3by carrying out controls and to enable the competent authorities to identify the nature of the wastes treated.These samples shall be kept for at least one month after the incineration.5.The competent authorities may grant exemptions from paragraphs2,3and4for industrial plants and undertakings incinerating or co-incinerating only their own waste at the place of generation of the waste provided that the requirements of this Directive are met.Article6Operating conditions1.Incineration plants shall be operated in order to achieve a level of incineration such that the slag and bottom ashes Total Organic Carbon(TOC)content is less than3%or their loss on ignition is less than5%of the dry weight of the material.If necessary appropriate techniques of waste pretreatment shall be used.1p.1.Regulation as last amended by Commis-sion Regulation(EC)No2408/98(OJ L298,7.11.1998,p.19).。
EECOL_2010NOV22_POW_AN_08

图 5. 使用TOPSwitch-HX的标准反激式电路图5所示为使用Power Integrations (PI)的TOPSwitch™-HX控制器设计的恒流输出反激式电源。
输出电压由输出端的齐纳二极管决定。
这样可通过光耦器向控制器提供反馈信号。
Input VoltageDuty-CycleŒŒI n s t a n t a n e o u s I n p u t V o l t a g e (V )I n s t a n t a n e o u s S w i t c h D u t y C y c l e (D C )Œ•••图 7. LinkSwitch-PH 占空比在AC 半周期内的变化在接近过零点时,瞬态输入电压较低,占空比较大。
在整流AC 输入峰值点时,电压达到最大值,占空比最小。
对于每个开关周期,MOSFET 电流在每个周期内被积分,以得到一个电荷量。
将每个周期的电荷量与参考值进行比较,当两个数值相等时就停止开关。
V 引脚输入设置输入电压增益参数,用于提供线电压补偿。
调光控制LinkSwitch-PH 可通过链接输入R 和0 V 的编程电阻设置为调光模式,也可设置为非调光模式。
在非调光模式下,电路可以接近1的功率因数在全AC 输入范围内提供恒流输出。
在调光模式下,整流输入的过零点和相位角用于设置输出电流水平,从而提供调光功能。
LinkSwitch-PH 可用来设计这样的高性能LED 驱动器:可在全输入电压范围内工作,并使低成本可控硅调光器的调光范围达到1000:1,同时无任何闪烁现象。
图8中的电路图说明了这是如何实现的。
最新EE专业课程体系及内容简介PPT课件

11
最新EE专业课程体系及内容简介PPT课
件
5. 典型课程内容简介
(1)ECE 110 - 电气与计算机工程导论
实验内容:
• Experiment 1 - 实验台设备 • Experiment 2 - I-V 特性,KVL/KCL • Experiment 3 - 小车电机 • Experiment 4 - 二极管及二极管电路 • Experiment 5 - 三极管 • Experiment 6 - 简单的导航电路 • Experiment 7 - 调试 • Experiment 8 - 分叉导航 • Experiment 9 - 脉宽调制 • Experiment 10 - 子电路合成(系统集成)
• 基本电路分析 • 二极管 • 三极管 • 逻辑电路 • 放大器电路
特点:
重点在电路原理设计上,而非版图设计。大部分内容与我们的模 电课相近,但包含少量门电路。
27
最新EE专业课程体系及内容简介PPT课
件
6. 给我们的启示
伊利诺伊大学课程设置的特点:
(1)专业入门性的基础课程,不按传统的、知识纵向的逻辑 性和系统性构建,而是突破纵向条状分割,按知识的递进层次进 行横向联合构建。如ECE110、ECE210、ECE190、ECE290等课 程,它们在内容上与传统课程的关系如表2所示。ECE110课程中 甚至还涉及电磁学、通信和控制领域的知识。
电气工程(Electrical Engineering,EE) 计算机工程系(Computer Engineering,CompE)
5
最新EE专业课程体系及内容简介PPT课
件
2. 学校基本情况
EE专业涵盖7个领域:
• 微电子学/光电子学,纳米技术 • 电路 • 电力及能源系统 • 生物医学成像,声学 • 电磁学、光学遥感 • 信号处理、通信、控制系统 • 计算系统、网络、软件、算法
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
西安郵電學院高级程序语言课程设计报告书一、实验目的二、实验内容内容:1):熟悉Turbo C的实验环境,按照给定的上机步骤练习完成;2):熟悉C程序的编辑,编译,连接和运行的过程。
3):编译一个应用系统程序,形成一个软件系统。
三、详细设计及运行结果1 算法设计内容:包括如何将题目分解成若干模块的算法设计思想首先,学生学籍管理系统包括:1、输入学生信息;2、修改学生信息;3、查询学生信息;4、删除学生信息;5、学生信息的统计;6、学生信息的排序等。
其次,学生信息包括:1、姓名;2、学号;3、院系;4、专业;5、班级;6、出生年月;7、籍贯;8、性别;9、年龄;10、民族。
最后,根据各项信息设计个模块的函数和主函数。
2模块图设计内容:主函数流程图,要与标号表现出各模块于主函数的关系3流程图设计内容:包括各模块的流程图A.创建学生信息模块:修改学生信息模块:查询学生信息模块:四调试情况,设计技巧及体会。
内容:1)包括合法与非合法的测试数据、预期结果和实测结果。
最好用表格列出。
2)本人在设计中的收获、遇到的困难,如何克服困难以及基本软件的不足和需要改进的的设想。
A.收获:在本次设计中是我认识到:只要敢去做、只要保持好的心态去面对就一定会有好的收获。
在生活中什么事都要用心去学是必须的,只有学会这一切的一切,相信自己一定会成功!B.在本次设计中对于克服困难方面主要就是:自己保持了一颗平静的心态去面对它,就这样才使自己设计出了该程序。
C.对于如何使程序简单、清晰、容易懂和增强程序的可读性方面自己很难使其完美。
D.困难:自己在设计程序的开始的时候不知道该如何去是自己的程序更好的模块化,该怎样使函数更好的调用,不知该如何使用指针和连表的指示。
E.改进的设计思想:能更好的综合各方面的知识是程序更加得容易懂。
3)用简短的文字对本次设计中给与直接帮助的人员表示感谢。
在本次设计中自己遇到了许多的困难,在此我对给于我直接帮助的人说一声:谢谢!非常感谢你们对我的帮助。
附源程序:学生学籍管理系统#include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#define N 1000 /*N为可输入的学生总人数,可根据需要更改*/ struct student /*定义学生信息结构体数组*/{char num[9]; /*学号*/char name[20]; /*姓名*/char depar[15]; /*院系*/char zhuanye[15]; /*专业*/char classes[5]; /*班级*/char age[3]; /*年龄*/char sex[4]; /*性别*/char nation[5]; /*民族*/char birth[9]; /*出生日期*/char add[10]; /*籍贯*/};/*创建并录入信息*/int found(struct student stu[]){int i=0,x;system("cls");printf("请输入要录入的学生的个数:\n");scanf("%d",&x);if(x==0)return 0;do /*输入信息*/ {printf("\n请录入第%d个学生的信息:\n",i+1);printf("请录入学号:");scanf("%s",stu[i].num);printf("\n请录入姓名:");scanf("%s",stu[i].name);printf("\n请录入院系:");scanf("%s",stu[i].depar);printf("\n请录入专业:");scanf("%s",stu[i].zhuanye);printf("\n请录入班级:");scanf("%s",stu[i].classes);printf("\n请录入性别:");scanf("%s",stu[i].sex);printf("\n请录入年龄:");scanf("%s",stu[i].age);printf("\n请录入出生日期(yyyymmdd):");scanf("%s",stu[i].birth);printf("\n请录入民族:");scanf("%s",stu[i].nation);printf("\n请录入籍贯:");scanf("%s",stu[i].add);i++;system("cls");}while(i<x); /*当i>=x(用户要求创建学生的人数)时,跳出输入信息的for循环;*/printf("录入完毕,请按任意键返回");getch();return i; /*返回创建学生的人数*/}/*修改学生信息*/void modify(struct student stu[],int sum){int i,item,a=1; /*i控制数组下标,item控制子菜单的选择*/char s1[8];FILE *sp;system("cls");read_file(stu,sum); /*读函数*/do{printf("\n\n\n请输入你要修改的学号:\n");scanf("%s",s1); /*要修改的学生学号*/for(i=0;i<sum;i++) /*查找此学生*/{if(strcmp(stu[i].num,s1)==0) /*若找到该学生,输出该生的信息*/{printf("该学生学号:%s\n",stu[i].num);printf("该学生姓名:%s\n",stu[i].name);printf("该学生院系:%s\n",stu[i].depar);printf("该学生专业:%s\n",stu[i].zhuanye);printf("该学生班级:%s\n",stu[i].classes);printf("该学生性别:%s\n",stu[i].sex);printf("该学生年龄:%s\n",stu[i].age);printf("该学生出生日期:%s\n",stu[i].birth);printf("该学生民族:%s\n",stu[i].nation);printf("该学生籍贯:%s\n",stu[i].add);a=0; /*找到该学生,a=0;*/break; /*出for循环*/}}if(a==1) /*若没有找到该学生,a=1,输出提示语句*/printf("\n\n该学号不存在!请重新输入学号:\n");}while(a); /*当a!=0,即没有找到该学生,则继续循环重新输入学生学号*/printf("\t****************\n");printf("\t你选择你要修改的选项:\n");printf("\t1.*修改姓名\n");printf("\t2.*修改年龄\n");printf("\t3.*修改性别\n");printf("\t4.*修改出生日期\n");printf("\t5.*修改籍贯\n");printf("\t6.*修改院系名称\n");printf("\t7.*修改专业名称\n");printf("\t8.*修改班级\n");printf("\t9.*修改民族\n");printf("\t0.*退出菜单\n");printf("\t****************\n");while(1){printf("\n\t请选择你要进行的操作:");scanf("%d",&item); /*item控制子菜单的选择*/switch(item){case 1: /*修改姓名*/printf("\t请输入新的姓名:");scanf("%s",stu[i].name);printf("\n\n\n修改成功!\n");break;case 2: /*修改年龄*/printf("\t请输入新的年龄:");scanf("%s",stu[i].age);printf("\n\n\n修改成功!\n");break;case 3: /*修改性别*/printf("\t请输入新的性别:");scanf("%s",stu[i].sex);printf("\n\n\n修改成功!\n");break;case 4: /*修改出生日期*/printf("\t请输入新的出生年月(yyyy.mm):");scanf("%s",stu[i].birth);printf("\n\n\n修改成功!\n");break;case 5: /*修改籍贯*/printf("\t请输入新的籍贯:");scanf("%s",stu[i].add);printf("\n\n\n修改成功!\n");break;case 6: /*修改院系*/printf("\t请输入新的院系:");scanf("%s",stu[i].depar);printf("\n\n\n修改成功!\n");break;case 7: /*修改专业*/printf("\t请输入新的专业名称:");scanf("%s",stu[i].zhuanye);printf("\n\n\n修改成功!\n");break;case 8: /*修改班级*/printf("\t请输入新的班级:");scanf("%s",stu[i].classes);printf("\n\n\n修改成功!\n");break;case 9: /*修改民族*/printf("\t请输入新的民族名称:");scanf("%s",stu[i].nation);printf("\n\n\n修改成功!\n");break;case 0: return; /*不修改,退出*/default:printf("\t请在0到9之间选择:"); /*若输入的值不在0~9,则提示*/}}}/*从文件读入数据*/int read_file(struct student stu[]){FILE *sp;int i=0;system("cls");if((sp=fopen("学生学籍管理系统__学生信息.txt","rt"))==NULL)/*读文件,若文件不存在,则需要创建一个新的文件(文件创建在save_file函数中完成)*/ {printf("\n学生学籍管理系统__学生信息文件不存在,请创建!\n");getch();system("cls");return 0;}while((fread(&stu[i],sizeof(struct student),1,sp))==1)/*判断文件是否处在结束位置*/{if(stu[i].num==0) /*若文件内容为空,则跳出循环*/break;else /*若文件内容不为空,i 自加1。