专业英语期末复习

期末复习期末考核重点是半期考后的内容1.期末成绩构成：半期成绩25%平时（作业，课堂）30% 期末考试45%2.考试题型：单选20*2=40%阅读理解4篇文章4*5*2=40%句子翻译2*10=20%单选：主要出自课后练习阅读理解：1.P90 第2,3段（Topology）2.P74最后一段----P75结束（BBS）3.P73倒数第二段---P74第三段4. P27第一段5. On October 12, 1989, some British scientists were working at the computers to look for the information they needed. Suddenly they saw a lot of very bright points（亮点）crossing the computers’ screen. At the same time the computers were working much slower. To find out what was happening they stopped their work to check some parts of the computers. To their horror（让他们感到恐怖的是）, they found out that most of their stored information was got rid of（删除，去除）by computer viruses! Obviously all these computers had been infected by computer viruses.It is said that the computer viruses were made by a group of young men fond of playing tricks（爱好开玩笑）.They all had excellent education. They created the viruses just to show their intelligence. These kinds of computer viruses are named Jerusalem （耶路撒冷）Viruses. These viruses can stay in computers for a long time. When the time comes they will attack the computers bylowering the functions, damaging their normal programs or even getting rid of all the information.We come to know that Jerusalem Viruses often attack computers on Friday and that they are spreading to a lot of computers. Among the countries that were attacked by computer viruses are Britain, Australia, Switzerland（瑞士）and the U.S. After that, many scientists were trying to get rid of the terrible（可怕的）viruses.6.A computer system includes a computer, peripheral（外围的）devices, and software. The electric（电气的）, electronic，and mechanical（机械的）devices used for processing data are referred to as hardware. In addition to the computer itself, the term ―hardware‖ refers to components called peripheral devices that expand（扩展）the computer’s input, output, and storage capabilities. Computer hardware in and of itself （本身）does not provide a particularly useful mind（意识）tool. To be useful, a computer requires a set of instructions, called software or a computer program, which tells the computer how to perform a particular task. Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in a network so users can share information.7. In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a program to malfunction （出故障）or to produce incorrect results. Minor bugs—for example, a cursor（光标）that does not behave as expected—can be inconvenient or frustrating（有挫折的）, but not damaging to information. More severe bugs can cause a program to ―hang‖ (stop responding to commands) and might leave the user with no alternative（用户别无选择）but to restart the program, losing any previous（先前的）work that has not been saved. In either case, the programmer must find and correct the error by the process known as debugging（调试）. Because of the potential risk to important data, commercial application programs are tested and debugged as completely as possible before release. Minor bugs found after the program becomes available are corrected in the next update; moresevere bugs can sometimes be fixed（修补、修订）with special software, called patches, that circumvents (规避) the problem or otherwise alleviates (减轻) its effects.句子翻译1.In the management of economy, database can process at statistic data, analyze, and obtain a result so as to guide the enterprises to develop rapidly.在经济管理上，它可以进行统计，分析，得出结果并指导企业更好的发展。

2．These statements also define the kinds of variables and parameters the programmer can choose and the type of value that the code will return when an expression accesses the procedure or function.这些语句也规定了程序员可以选的变量与参数种类，以及当一个表达式使用过程或函数代码将返回的值的类型3.E-commerce means using simple, fast and low-cost electronic communications to transact, without face to face meeting between the two parties of the transaction.电子商务意味着利用简单，快捷和低廉的电子通信手段来进行交易，而且双方不必面对面会晤4.Once your computer makes a connection with the Internet, you will find that you have walked into the largest repository of information–a magic world.一旦你的计算机联入互联网，你会发现你进入了一个最大的信息宝库，一个神奇的世界5.Different combinations of transistors represent different combinations of bits, which are used to represent special characters, letters, and digits.不同的晶体管组合代表不同的二进制组合，可以用它来进行特定的字符，字母和数字6. Database model is the method used by a database management system (DBMS) to organize the structure of the database.数据管理系统组织数据结构的方法被称为数据模型7. The World Wide Web (WWW), which Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) works with, is the fastest growing and most widely-used part of the Internet.利用超文本传输协议的万维网是互联网中发展最快，应用最广的部分补充材料：Computers cannot function without programs, which give them instructions. People specialized in writing programs are known as computer programmers. They construct programs using programming languages.Programming language, in computer science, is the artificial language used to write a sequence of instructions that can be run by a computer. These are not natural languages, such as English, Chinese, but are specified sets of words, phrases and symbols called codes, which can be combined in certain very restricted ways to instruct the computer.However, natural languages are not suited for programming computers because they are ambiguous, meaning that their vocabulary and grammatical structure may be interpreted in multiple ways. The languages used to program computers must have simple logical structures, and the rules for their grammar, spelling and punctuation must be precise.1. Computer programmers are the people who______.A. specialized in testingB. specialized in writing virusC. specialized in writing programsD. specialized in selling software2. The major reason that natural languages are not suited for programming is _______.A. they are simpleB. they are ambiguousC. they are preciseD. they are difficult3. The languages such as English, Chinese, and German are _______.A. natural languagesB. programming languagesC. assembly languagesD. machine languages4. Which sentence below is incorrect? _________A. The programming language is an artificial language.B. Programming language must be precise.C. Codes of programming language can be combined in certain very restricted ways to instruct the computer.D. The vocabulary and grammatical structure of programming language may be interpreted in multiple ways.5. The word“program”in the sentence “The languages used to program computers must have simple logical structures”means _______.A. 程序B. 项目C.给…编写程序D. 为…制定计划Sometime in the next century, the familiar early-morning newspaper on the front porch will disappear. And instead of reading your newspaper, it will read to you. You’ll get up and turn on the computer newspaper just like switching on the TV. An electronic voice will distribute stories about the latest events, guided by a program that selects the type of news you want. You’ll even get to choose the kind of voice you want to hear. Want move information on the brief story? A simple touch makes the entire text appear. Save it in your own personal computer file if you like. These are among the predictions from communications experts working on the newspapers of the future. Pictured as part of broader home-based media and entertainment systems, computer newspapers would unite print and broadcast reporting, offering news and analysis with video images of news events.Most of the technology is available now, but convincing more people that they don’t need paper to read a newspaper is the next step. But resistance to co mputer newspapers may be stronger from within journalism (新闻界) . Since it is such a cultural change, it may be that the present generation of journalists and publishers will have to die off before the next generation realizes that the newspaper industry is nolonger a newspaper industry. Technology is making the end of traditional newspapers unavoidable.Despite technological advances, it could take decades to replace newsprint with computer screens. It might take 30 to 40 years to complete the changeover because people need to buy computers and because newspapers have established financial interests in the paper industry.1. The best title for this passage is______.A. Computer Newspapers Are Well LikedB. Newspapers of the Future Will Likely Be on ComputerC. Newspapers Are Out of FashionD. New Communications Technology2. It might take 30 to 40 years for computer newspapers to replace traditional newspaper, because_______.A. it is technologically impossible nowB. computer newspapers are too expensiveC. there is strong resistance from both the general population and professional journalistsD. you can easily save information for future use3. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computer newspapers?_______A. They are cheaper than traditional newspapers.B. They are very convenient to us.C. You can get more information from them quickly.D. You can easily save information for future use.4. Journalists are not eager to accept computer newspapers, because_____A. they don’t know how to use c omputersB. they think computer newspapers take too much time to readC. they think the new technology is badD.they have been trained to write for traditional newspapers5. We can infer from the passage that_______.A. all technological changes are goodB. all technologies will eventually replace old onesC. new technologies will eventually replace old onesD. traditional newspapers are here to stay for another century。