学术词汇表
《英语常用学术词汇表》
《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来，最常用的有570 个词目 (headwords)，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
其中斜体字，analysis ，在学术英语中最为常见。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyse economy legislateanalysed economic legislatedanalyser economical legislatesanalysers economically legislatinganalyses economics legislationanalysing economies legislativeanalysis economist legislatoranalyst economists legislatorsanalysts uneconomical legislatureanalytic environment majoranalytical environmental majoritiesanalytically environmentalist majorityanalyze environmentalists methodanalyzed environmentally methodicalanalyzes environments methodologicalanalyzing establish methodologies approach disestablish methodology approachable disestablished methodsapproached disestablishes occurapproaches disestablishing occurredapproaching disestablishment occurrenceunapproachable established occurrencesarea establishes occurring areas establishing occursassess establishment reoccurassessable establishments reoccurredassessed estimate reoccurringassesses estimated reoccursassessing estimates percentassessment estimating percentageassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedpercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseinconsistent reformulating responses constitute reformulation responsive constituencies reformulations responsivenessconstituency function unresponsiveconstituent functional roleconstituents functionally rolesconstituted functioned sectionconstitutes functioning sectionedconstituting functions sectioningconstitution identify sectionsconstitutions identifiable sectorconstitutional identification sectorsconstitutionally identified significantconstitutive identifies insignificantunconstitutional identifying insignificantly context identities significance contexts identity significantlycontextual unidentifiable signifiedcontextualise income signifiescontextualised incomes signifycontextualising indicate signifyinguncontextualised indicated similarcontextualize indicates dissimilarcontextualized indicating similaritiescontextualizing indication similarityuncontextualized indications similarly contract indicative sourcecontracted indicator sourcedcontracting indicators sourcescontractor individual sourcingcontractors individualised specificcontracts individuality specifically create individualism specificationcreated individualist specificationscreates individualists specificitycreating individualistic specificscreation individually structurecreations individuals restructurecreative interpret restructuredcreatively interpretation restructurescreativity interpretations restructuringcreator interpretative structuralcreators interpreted structurallyrecreate interpreting structuredrecreated interpretiverecreates interpretsrecreating misinterpret datamisinterpretation definemisinterpretations definable misinterpreteddefined misinterpretingdefines misinterpretsdefining reinterpretdefinition reinterpreteddefinitions reinterpretsredefine reinterpretingredefined reinterpretationredefines reinterpretationsredefining involveundefined involvedderiveinvolvementderivation involvesderivations involvingderivative uninvolvedderivatives issuederived issuedderives issuesderiving issuingdistribute labourdistributed labordistributing laboreddistribution laborsdistributional laboureddistributions labouringdistributive laboursdistributor legaldistributors illegalredistribute illegalityredistributed illegallyredistributes legalityredistributing legallyredistributionstructuresstructuringunstructured theorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheorists varyinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieve distinct participateachievable distinction participantachieved distinctions participantsachievement distinctive participatedachievements distinctively participatesachieves distinctly participatingachieving indistinct participation acquire indistinctly participatory acquired element perceiveacquires elements perceivedacquiring equate perceivesacquisition equated perceivingacquisitions equates perception administrate equating perceptions administrates equation positiveadministration equations positivelyadministrations evaluate potentialadministrative evaluated potentiallyadministratively evaluates previousadministrator evaluating previouslyadministrators evaluation primaryaffect evaluations primarily affected evaluative purchaseaffecting re-evaluate purchasedaffective re-evaluated purchaseraffectively re-evaluates purchasersaffects re-evaluating purchasesunaffected re-evaluation purchasing appropriate feature rangeappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsunassistedfeatured rangedfeatures rangesfeaturing rangingfinal regionfinalise regionalfinalised regionallyfinalises regionsfinalising regulatefinalize deregulatedfinalized deregulatesfinalizes deregulatingfinalizing deregulationfinality regulatedfinally regulatesfinals regulating focusregulationcategory focusedcategories focusescategorisation focusingcategorise focussedcategorised focussingcategorises refocuscategorising refocusedcategorization refocusescategorized refocusingcategorizes refocussedcategorizing refocusses chapterrefocussing chapters impactcommission impactedcommissioned impactingcommissioner impactscommissioners injurecommissioning injuredcommissions injures community injuriescommunities injuring complex injurycomplexities uninjuredcomplexity institutecomputeinstitutedcomputation institutescomputational institutingcomputations institutioncomputable institutionalcomputer institutionalisecomputed institutionalisedcomputerised institutionalisescomputers institutionalisingcomputing institutionalized concludeinstitutionalizes concluded institutionalizingconcludes institutionallyconcluding institutionsconclusion investconclusions investedconclusive investingconclusively investmentinconclusive investmentsinconclusively investorregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulated relevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresiding resourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourced restrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictive secureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurityconductinvestorsconducted investsconducting reinvestconducts reinvested consequentreinvesting consequence reinvestmentconsequences reinvestsconsequently itemconstructitemisationconstructed itemiseconstructing itemisedconstruction itemisesconstructions itemisingconstructive itemsconstructs journalreconstruct journalsreconstructed maintainreconstructing maintainedreconstruction maintainingreconstructs maintains consumemaintenance consumed normalconsumer abnormalconsumers abnormallyconsumes normalisationconsuming normaliseconsumption normalised creditnormalises credited normalisingcrediting normalizationcreditor normalizecreditors normalizedcredits normalizes culturenormalizing cultural normalityculturally normallycultured obtaincultures obtainableuncultured obtained designobtainingdesigned obtainsdesigner unobtainabledesignersdesigning seekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategists surveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextual traditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditions transfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersdesignsSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternative emphasis philosophyalternatively emphasise philosopheralternatives emphasised philosophers circumstance emphasising philosophical circumstances emphasize philosophically comment emphasized philosophies commentaries emphasizes philosophisecommentary emphasizing philosophisedcommentator emphatic philosophisescommentators emphatically philosophisingcommented ensure philosophizecommenting ensured philosophizedcomments ensures philosophizes compensate ensuring philosophizing compensated exclude physicalcompensates excluded physicallycompensating excludes proportioncompensation excluding disproportioncompensations exclusion disproportionatecompensatory exclusionary disproportionately component exclusionist proportional componentry exclusions proportionallycomponents exclusive proportionate consent exclusively proportionately consensus framew ork proportionsconsented frameworks publishconsenting fund publishedconsents funded publisher considerable funder publishers considerably funders publishes constant funding publishing constancy funds unpublishedconstantly illustrate reactconstants illustrated reactedinconstancy illustrates reactsinconstantly illustrating reacting constrain illustration reaction constrained illustrations reactionariesconstraining illustrative reactionaryconstrains immigrate reactionsconstraint immigrant reactiveconstraints immigrants reactivateunconstrained immigrated reactivation contribute immigrates reactor contributed immigrating reactorscontributes immigration registercontributing imply deregistercontribution implied deregisteredcontributions implies deregisteringcontributor implying deregisterscontributors initial deregistration convene initially registered convention instance registeringconvenes instances registersconvened interact registrationconvening interacted relyconventional interacting reliabilityconventionally interaction reliableconventions interactions reliablyunconventional interactive reliance coordinate interactively reliant coordinated interacts reliedcoordinates justify reliescoordinating justifiable relyingcoordination justifiably unreliablecoordinator justification removecoordinators justifications removableco-ordinate justified removalco-ordinated justifies removalsco-ordinates justifying removedco-ordinating unjustified removesco-ordination layer removingco-ordinator layered schemeco-ordinators layering schematic core layers schematically cores link schemedcoring linkage schemescored linkages scheming corporate linked sequencecorporates linking sequencedcorporation links sequencescorporations locate sequencing correspond located sequentialcorresponded locating sequentiallycorrespondence location sexcorresponding locations sexescorrespondingly relocate sexismcorresponds relocated sexual criteria relocates sexuality criterion relocating sexually deduce relocation shiftdeduced maximise shifteddeduces max shiftingdeducing maximised shiftsdeduction maximises specifydeductions maximising specifiable demonstrate maximisation specified demonstrable maximize specifiesdemonstrably maximized specifyingdemonstrated maximizes unspecifieddemonstrates maximizing sufficientdemonstrating maximization sufficiencydemonstration maximum insufficientdemonstrations minor insufficientlydemonstrative minorities sufficientlydemonstratively minority taskdemonstrator minors tasksdemonstrators negate technicaldocument negative technically documentation negated techniquedocumented negates techniquesdocumenting negating technologydocuments negatively technological dominate negatives technologically dominance outcome validdominant outcomes invalidatedominated partner invaliditydominates partners validatedominating partnership validateddomination partnerships validatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccess error parallelaccessed erroneous paralleledaccesses erroneously parallelledaccessibility errors parallellingaccessible ethnic parallelsaccessing ethnicity unparalleledinaccessible goal parameteradequate goals parameters adequacy grant phaseadequately granted phasedinadequacies granting phasesinadequacy grants phasinginadequate hence predictinadequately hypothesis predictability annual hypotheses predictable annually hypothesise predictably apparent hypothesised predicted apparently hypothesises predicting approximate hypothesising prediction approximated hypothesize predictionsapproximately hypothesized predictsapproximates hypothesizes unpredictabilityapproximating hypothesizing unpredictableapproximation hypothetical principalapproximations hypothetically principally attitude implement priorattitudes implementation professionalattribute implemented professionally attributable implementing professionalsattributed implements professionalismattributes implicate projectattributing implicated projectedattribution implicates projectingcivil implicating projection code implication projections coded implications projectscodes impose promotecoding imposed promoted commit imposes promoter commitment imposing promoterscommitments imposition promotescommits integrate promotingcommitted integrated promotioncommitting integrates promotions communicate integrating regimecommunicable integration regimescommunicated internal resolvecommunicates internalise resolutioncommunicating internalised resolvedcommunication internalises resolvescommunications internalising resolvingcommunicative internalize unresolvedcommunicatively internalized retainuncommunicative internalizes retained concentrate internalizing retaining concentrated internally retainerconcentrates investigate retainersconcentrating investigated retainsconcentration investigates retention confer investigating retentive conference investigation seriesconferences investigations statisticconferred investigative statisticianconferring investigator statisticiansconfers investigators statistical contrast job statistically contrasted jobs statisticscontrasting label statuscontrastive labeled stresscontrasts labeling stressed cycle labelled stresses cycled labelling stressfulcycles labels stressingcyclic mechanism unstressedcyclical mechanisms subsequentcycling obvious subsequently debate obviously sumdebatable occupy summationdebated occupancy summeddebates occupant summingdebating occupants sums despite occupation summary dimension occupational summaries dimensional occupations summarisedimensions occupied summarisedmultidimensional occupier summarises domestic occupiers summarising domestically occupies summarisationdomesticate occupying summarisationsdomesticated option summarizationdomesticating optional summarizationsdomestics options summarize emerge output summarized emerged outputs summarizesemergence overall summarizingemergent undertakeemerges undertakenemerging undertakesundertakingundertook Sublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademy expand orientacademia expanded orientateacademic expanding orientatedacademically expands orientatesacademics expansion orientationacademies expansionism orientating adjust expansive oriented adjusted expose orientingadjusting exposed orientsadjustment exposes reorientadjustments exposing reorientationadjusts exposure perspectivereadjust exposures perspectivesreadjusted external precisereadjusting externalisation imprecisereadjustment externalise preciselyreadjustments externalised precisionreadjusts externalises primealter externalising primacy alterable externality psychologyalteration externalization psychologicalalterations externalize psychologicallyaltered externalized psychologistaltering externalizes psychologistsalternate externalizing pursuealternating externally pursuedalters facilitate pursuesunalterable facilitated pursuingunaltered facilitates pursuit amend facilities pursuits amended facilitating ratioamending facilitation ratiosamendment facilitator rejectamendments facilitators rejectedamends facility rejecting aware fundamental rejection awareness fundamentally rejectsunaware generate rejections capacity generated revenuecapacities generates revenuesincapacitate generating stableincapacitated generation instability challenge generations stabilisation challenged image stabilisechallenger imagery stabilisedchallengers images stabiliseschallenges liberal stabilisingchallenging liberalise stabilization clause liberalism stabilize clauses liberalisation stabilized compound liberalised stabilizes compounded liberalises stabilizingcompounding liberalising stabilitycompounds liberalization unstable conflict liberalize styleconflicted liberalized styledconflicting liberalizes stylesconflicts liberalizing styling consult liberate stylish consultancy liberated styliseconsultant liberates stylisedconsultants liberation stylisesconsultation liberations stylisingconsultations liberating stylizeconsultative liberator stylizedconsulted liberators stylizesconsults liberally stylizingconsulting liberals substitutecontact licence substitutedcontactable licences substitutescontacted license substitutingcontacting licensed substitutioncontacts licensing sustaindecline licenses sustainable declined unlicensed sustainabilitydeclines logic sustaineddeclining illogical sustaining discrete illogically sustains discretely logical sustenancediscretion logically unsustainablediscretionary logician symbolindiscrete logicians symbolicindiscretion margin symbolically draft marginal symbolise drafted marginally symbolisesdrafting margins symboliseddrafts medical symbolisingredraft medically symbolismredrafted mental symbolizeredrafting mentality symbolizedredrafts mentally symbolizes enable modify symbolizing enabled modification symbolsenables modifications targetenabling modified targeted energy modifies targeting energetic modifying targetsenergetically unmodified transitenergies monitor transited enforce monitored transiting enforced monitoring transitionenforcement monitors transitionalenforces unmonitored transitionsenforcing network transitory entity networked transits entities networking trendequivalent networks trends equivalence notion versionevolve notions versions evolution objective welfareevolved objectively wheevolving objectivityevolvesevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstract enhance neutralabstraction enhanced neutralisationabstractions enhancement neutraliseabstractly enhances neutralisedabstracts enhancing neutralises accurate estate neutralising accuracy estates neutralityaccurately exceed neutralizationinaccuracy exceeded neutralizeinaccuracies exceeding neutralizedinaccurate exceeds neutralizes acknowledge expert neutralizing acknowledged expertise neverthelessacknowledges expertly overseasacknowledging experts precedeacknowledgement explicit precededacknowledgements explicitly precedence aggregate federal precedent aggregated federation precedesaggregates federations precedingaggregating fee unprecedentedaggregation fees presumeallocate flexible presumably allocated flexibility presumedallocates inflexible presumesallocating inflexibility presumingallocation furthermore presumptionallocations gender presumptions assign genders presumptuous assigned ignorant rationalassigning ignorance irrationalassignment ignore rationalisationassignments ignored rationalisationsassigns ignores rationalisereassign ignoring rationalisedreassigned incentive rationalisesreassigning incentives rationalisingreassigns incidence rationalismunassigned incident rationality attach incidentally rationalization attached incidents rationalizationsattaches incorporate rationalizeattaching incorporated rationalizedattachment incorporates rationalizesattachments incorporating rationallyunattached incorporation recoverauthor index recoverable authored indexed recoveredauthoring indexes recoveringauthors indexing recoversauthorship inhibit recoverybond inhibited revealbonded inhibiting revealedbonding inhibition revealingbonds inhibitions revealsbrief inhibits revelation brevity initiate revelationsbriefed initiated scopebriefing initiates subsidybriefly initiating subsidiarybriefs initiation subsidies capable initiations subsidise capabilities initiative subsidisedcapability initiatives subsidisesincapable initiator subsidising cite initiators subsidize citation input subsidizedcitations inputs subsidizescited instruct subsidizingciting instruction tapecites instructed taped cooperate instructing tapes cooperated instructions tapingcooperates instructive tracecooperating instructor traceablecooperation instructors tracedcooperative instructs tracescooperatively intelligent tracingco-operate intelligence transformco-operated intelligently transformationco-operates unintelligent transformationsco-operation interval transformedco-operative intervals transformingco-operatively lecture transforms discriminate lectured transportdiscriminated lecturer transportationdiscriminates lecturers transporteddiscriminating lectures transporterdiscrimination lecturing transporters display migrate transporting displayed migrant transportsdisplaying migrants underliedisplays migrated underlay diverse migrates underlies diversely migrating underlyingdiversification migration utilisediversified migrations utilisationdiversifies migratory utiliseddiversify minimum utilisesdiversifying ministry utilisingdiversity ministered utiliser domain ministering utilisers domains ministerial utilityedit ministries utilities edited motive utilizationediting motivate utilizeedition motivated utilizededitions motivates utilizeseditor motivating utilizingeditorial motivationeditorials motivationseditors motivesedits unmotivatedSublist 7 of the Academic Word Listadapt equip prohibitadaptability equipment prohibitedadaptable equipped prohibitingadaptation equipping prohibitionadaptations equips prohibitionsadapted extract prohibitiveadapting extracted prohibitsadaptive extracting publicationadapts extraction publications adult extracts quoteadulthood file quotationadults filed quotations advocate files quoted advocacy filing quotesadvocated finite quotingadvocates infinite releaseadvocating infinitely released aid foundation releases aided foundations releasingaiding globe reverseaids global reversalunaided globally reversed channel globalisation reverses channelled globalization reversiblechannelling grade reversingchannels graded reversals chemical grades irreversible chemically grading simulatechemicals guarantee simulated classic guaranteed simulates classical guaranteeing simulatingclassics guarantees simulation comprehensive hierarchy solecomprehensively hierarchical solely comprise hierarchies somew hat comprised identical submitcomprises identically submissioncomprising ideology submissions confirm ideological submits confirmation ideologically submittedconfirmed ideologies submittingconfirming infer successorconfirms inference succession contrary inferences successions contrarily inferred successive convert inferring successively conversion infers successorsconversions innovate surviveconverted innovation survivalconvertible innovated survivedconverting innovates survivesconverts innovating survivingcouple innovations survivor coupled innovative survivorscoupling innovator thesiscouples innovators theses decade insert topicdecades inserted topical definite inserting topics definitely insertion transmitdefinitive inserts transmissionindefinite intervene transmissionsindefinitely intervened transmitted deny intervenes transmitting deniable intervening transmitsdenial intervention ultimatedenials interventions ultimatelydenied isolate uniquedenies isolated uniquelydenying isolates uniquenessundeniable isolating visibledifferentiate isolation visibility differentiated isolationism visiblydifferentiates media invisibledifferentiating mode invisibilitydifferentiation modes voluntarydispose paradigm voluntarily disposable paradigms volunteerdisposal phenomenon volunteeringdisposed phenomena volunteereddisposes phenomenal volunteersdisposing prioritydynamic prioritiesdynamically prioritisationdynamics prioritiseeliminate prioritisedeliminated prioritiseseliminates prioritisingeliminating prioritizationelimination prioritizeempirical prioritizedempirically prioritizesempiricism prioritizingSublist 8 of the Academic Word List。
AWL词汇表【学术词汇表】——雅思
AWLSublist 1analyze [ ? ? n? laiz] vt . 〈美〉分析 ,分解 , 解释constitut e [ ? k?nstitju:t] vt . 构成 , 组成建立 , 制定选定 , 任命 establish [is ? t ? bli? ] vt . 建立 , 成立安置确定 , 证实 indicate [ ? indikeit] vt . 标示 ,指示 , 指出象征 ; 表明或暗示⋯的可能性occur [ ? ? k? :] vi . 发生 ; 举行 ; 存在被发现 ; 想到[ 起]role [r ? n 作用 , 职责角色ul] . n. 靠近 ,方法 vt . 接洽 ,approach[ ? ? pr ? ut ? ] 接近 , 临近通路 , 入口 , 途径方式 , 交涉 ; 着手处理 vt . & v i . 接近, 走近 , 靠近 语境context [ ? k? n 背景 , 环境上下文 ,ntekst]. 估计 vt vi 估计 评价 评估estimate [ ? n , 估价报价判断 . & . ;, estimeit]. adj 个别的 n 个人人 individua l [ ? ? ndi ? vidju ? l ] . , 单独的 , 个人的独特的 .percent [p ? ? sent] n. 百分比 , 百分数 科截面 剖面地区 区section [ ? sek? ? n 章节部分部门 , , ,n] .area [ ? ? ? ri ? n 面积区域 , 地区领域 ,方面 ]. n 缔结 订契约 vt v i 染上 恶习 疾病contract [k ? n? tr ? 契约 , 合同 vt . ; . & . ,kt]. ( 等)缩小; 紧缩 adj . 明显的 ,evident [ ? evid ? nt] 明白的interpre t [in ? t ? :prit] vt . 解释 ; 说明 vt . & vi . 口译 ; 翻译 句点period [ ? pi ? ri ? d] n.( 一段 ) 时间时期 , 时代学时 , 课时句号 ,sector [ ? sekt ? ] n. 部门 ;领域防御地区 , 防卫区域扇形 , 扇形面assess[ ? ? ses] vt . 估价 , 估计评定 , 核定create [kri? eit] vt . 创造 , 创作 , 创建引起 , 产生 vi 出口 输出export [eks ? p? :t] n 输出 , 出口输出 [ 出口 ] 物 vt. & . ,.involve [in ? v? lv] vt . 使某事物成为必要条件或结果 ; 需要使参与 , 牵涉 policy p? l ? si n 政策 , 方针策略 ,精明的行为 , 上策保险单[ ? ] .significan t [si ɡ? nifik ? nt] adj . 重要的 , 重大的 , 可观的有意义的 , 有用意的意味深长的assume[ ? ? sju:m] vt . 假设 , 臆断 , 猜想假装承担 , 担任 , 就职呈现 , 采取data [ ? deit ? n 资料 , 材料 ]. 要素〈数〉因子 因数 factor [ ? f ? kt ? ] n 因素 , , . 流出 发出 发行〈正〉结果结issue [ ? n 问题 , 议题 ; 争论点发行物放出 , ; , , isju:]. 局 vi . 冒出 ,流出 ; 传出 vt .出版, 发行发表 , 发布分配 , 发给 principl e [ ? prins ? n原则 , 原理准则 , 规范操守 , 道义工作原理 pl] .similar [ ? simil ? ] adj . 类似的 ; 同类的 ; 相似的 ; 同样的 专家authority [ ? : ? θ? n 权力 , 职权官方 , 当局权威 ,riti].define [di ? fain] vt . 精确地解释 ; 界定规定 , 确定 vt 为⋯供给资金 从事finance [fai ? n? ns] n 财政 , 金融财源 , 资金 , 财务情况 ., .金融活动n 劳动 努力 工作劳工 工人分娩 分娩时的 阵痛 vi 劳动 labour [ ? leib ? ] , ; , , ( ) . ;.努力艰难行进1proceed [pr ? ? si:d] vi . 前进 ; 行进进行 ; 继续下去 资料来源source [s ? n 河流的源头 , 发源地来源 ,出处原因提供资料者, :s] .available [ ? ? veil ? bl] adj . 可用的或可得到的可会见的 ,可与之交谈的derive [di ? raiv] vt . & vi . 得到源于 方程式配方formula [ ? f ? :mjul ? ] n 准则 , 原则公式 ,. legal [ ? li :ɡ? l] adj . 法律上的 ;合法的 ; 法定的 列队行进 vt 加工 处理process [ ? pr ? uses] n 过程 , 进程工序 , 制作法 vi . . ;.specific [spi ? sifik] adj . 明确的 , 确切的 , 详尽的具体的 , 特有的 , 特定的仅限于⋯的 ; n 特效药具体方面 , 细节只发现于⋯的 . 好处救济金 保险金 vt vi 有益于 得益benefit [ ? benifit ] n 益处 , , . & . ,.distribut e[dis ? tribju:t]n vt . 分配 , 分给散发 ; 散播 ; 分布function [ ? f ? ? k? ? 功能 ; 作用 ; 职责函数 ; 与另一事物有密切关系的事物 n].社交集会 vi . 工作 ,运行 , 起作用legislate [ ? l ed ? isleit] vt . &vi . 立法 ; 制定法律require [ri ? k wai ? ] vt . 有赖于⋯ ; 需要命令 , 指示要求 , 规定想要 建筑物 vt 组structure [ ? str ? kt ? ? n 结构 , 构造有结构的事物 ; 复杂的整体 ; .]. 织; 安排; 构造 ; 制定 n 概念 观念 想法concept [ ? k? nsept] ; ;. 经济状况economy[i ? k? n? mi] n 节约 , 节省经济体制 ,.identify [ai ? dentifai] vt . 认出 , 识别支持 , 同情 vt . & vi . 等同于 ; 有关联major [ ? meid? ? ] adj . 较大的 ; 主要的 ; 严重的 n 少校专业 ; 主修科目 vi . 〈美〉. 主修, 专攻research [ri ? s? :t ? ] n. 研究 ;探讨 vi . 做研究 , 探究 , 研究 , 探讨 vt . 从事⋯的研究 , 为⋯而做研究 n 学说理论 原理意见看法theory [ ? θi ? , , ri]. vi . 组成 ,consist [k ? n? sist] 构成在于 , 存在于environment [in ? vai ? r ? nm? nt] n. 环境 , 周围状况 , 自然环境 n 收入 , 所得 , 收益income[ ? ink ? m] .条理n 方法 ,办法秩序 ,method[ ? me θ ? d] .respond [ri ? s p? nd] vi . 有反应 ;有效果 ; 有影响 vt . & vi . 回答 ; 回报 ;响应vary [ ? v? ? ri ] vi . 呈现不同 vt . & vi .( 使)变化, 改变Sublist 2achieve [ ? ? t ? i:v] vt . 取得 , 获得实现 , 达到 , 完成 共享n 社区 , 社会 , 团体大众 , 公众共有 , community[k ? ? mju:niti].vt 筹划 v t vi n 图样 , 设计图设计 , 布局目的 , 打算 . 计划, . & . design [di ? zain] . 设计, 绘制institute[ ?institju:t]n. 协会 ,学会 ; 学院 , 研究院 vt . 建立 ,制定 ; 开始 ,着 手 adj 潜在的 有可能的 n 潜力 潜势 可能性potentia l [p ? ? ten ? ? l] . , , , .restrict [ris ? trikt] vt . 限制 ; 约束acquire [ ? ? kwai ? ] vt . 获得 ,得到 , 养成复合的复杂的难懂的n 综合体complex[ ? k? mpleks] adj . 由许多部分组成的 , , ,.集合体〈心〉情结 , 夸大的情绪反应2distinc t [dis ? ti ? kt ] adj . 截然不同的 , 完全分开的清晰的 , 明白的 ,明显的invest [in ? vest] vt . 授予 vt . & vi . 投资 ;花费previous [ ? pri:vi ? s] adj . 先前的 ,以前的过早的 , 过急的secure [si? kju ? ] adj . 牢固的 ;可靠的有把握的 ; 确切的 vt . 握紧 ; 关牢使安全 ( 使)获得 ; 把⋯弄到手 ? ] vt . 管理 ,administer [ ? d? minist 支配给予执行 , 实施compute[k ? m? pju:t] vt . 计算 , 估算 要素原件一伙人基础 纲要原理element [ ? elim ? nt] n 化学 ) 元素成分 , , , , .( 一件 一条 item [ ? ait n 一项 , , ; 项目 ? m] . primary [ ? praim ? ri] adj . 首要的 ; 主要的 ; 基本的最初的 ; 初级的seek[si:k] vi . 企图 ;试图 vt . 请求 ,征求 ; 求教 vt .&vi . 寻找 ; 探寻 affect [ ? ? fekt] vt . 影响感动假装conclude [k ? n? klu:d] vt . 得出结论 ;断定决定 vt . & vi . 结束equate [i ? kweit] vt . 认为某事物 ( 与另一事物 ) 相等或相仿journal [ ? d? ? :nl] n 杂志 , 期刊日志 , 日记. vt 购买purchase [ ? p? :t ? ? n 购买 , 购置买到的东西 .s] .select [si ? lekt] adj .精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的 , 选择严格的 vt . 选择 ; 挑选appropriate [ ? ? pr ? upriit] adj . 适当的 ,恰当的 vt . 挪用 ; 占用 ; 盗用拨出 ( 款项 )conduct [k ? n? d? kt] n 举止 , 行为管理 ( 方式 ), 实施 ( 方式 ) v t . & vi . 引导 , 带领 ,. 担任指挥控制 , 管理传导 vt . 评价 ,evaluate [i ? v? ljueit]估计 ,估价maintain [mein ? tein] vt . 保持 ; 继续保养 , 维护坚持 ; 主张供给 ; 赡养range[reind ? ] n. 一系列变化幅度 , 范围射程 , 距离 ( 山) 脉 vi . 变化 vt . 排列 n 位置 , 场所 , 地点 vt . 使坐落在 ; 设置site [sait].aspect [ ? ? spekt] n .方面方位 , 朝向面貌 ,模样 , 神态consequent [ ? k? nsikw ?nt] adj . 作为结果的 , 随之发生的feature [ ? fi:t? ? ] n 特征 , 特色面貌 , 相貌特写 , 专题节目 ( 电影的 ) 正片 , 故事 .片normal [ ? n? :m? l] adj . 正常平常的正规的 ;标准的的 ,region [ ? ri:d ? ? n ] n. 地区 ; 地带 ; 区域 ; 范围 计谋strategy [ ? str ? tid ? i] n . 战略学 , 兵法战略 , 策略策略 ,assist[ ? ? sist] vt . & vi .帮助, 促进construct [k? n? str ? kt] vt . 修建 , 建立构成 , 组成final [ ? fain ? l ] adj . 最后的 , 最终的决定性的 , 确定性的 n. 决赛 ( 大学的 ) 期终考试vi . 通行 ;流行 vt . 获得 ,obtain [ ? b? tein]得到 ; 买到regulate [ ? reɡjuleit]vt . 控制 , 管理调整 ; 调节survey [s ? ? vei] n. 调查 vt . 眺望 ; 纵览测量 ; 勘察检查 , 鉴定通盘考虑 , 回顾category [ ? k? ti ɡ? n 种类 , 类别ri]. consume[k ? n? sju:m] vt . 消耗 , 消费 , 耗尽大吃 , 大喝烧毁 , 毁灭 镜头 眼focus [ ? f ? uk? n 焦点 , 焦距 ; 中心 vt . & v i .( 使 集中 , ( 使 ) 聚集调整 ( , s]. ) 睛) 焦点 [ 焦距 ] 以便看清 vt .& vi . 参加 ,participat e [p ɑ:? tisipei t] 参与relevant [ ? rel? v? nt] adj . 有关的 ,切题的3n 正文 ,本文原文, 全文教科书 , 课本 text [tekst]. n 章 篇 chapter [ ? t ? ? pt ? , 回 ,] . 存款数额借款贷款赞扬荣誉 功劳信credit [ ? kredit] n . 赊购 ; 赊购制度存款 ; ; , ,任, 相信学分 vt . 相信 ,信任把⋯记入贷方 , 存入 ( 账户) vi 对某事物有影响impact [ ? imp? kt] n 影响 , 作用冲击 ( 力 ), 碰撞 vt . & ..perceive [p ? ? si:v]vt . 感觉 ,察觉 , 理解reside [ri ? zaid] vi . 居住 ; 定居 tradition [tr ? ? di ? ? n 传统惯例n]. 授权 委托委员会佣金 回扣 vt 委任 委托commission[k ? ? mi? ? n] n , , . ,. 教养 vt 培植培culture [ ? k? lt ? ? n 文化休养 , , 精神文明养殖 , 培养 , 栽培 . , ] .养 injure[ ?ind ? ? ] vt . 伤害 , 损害positive [ ? p? zitiv] adj . 确实的 ,明确的积极的 ; 肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的 ,确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的 , 阳性的完全的 ; 纯粹的 n. 〈语〉原级形容词确实 ; 正量 , 正数正片n 资源 必要时可给予 帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智 机敏 创 resource [ri ? s? ( ) ; ; :s].造精神n 转移 转让 转录中转 换乘 改变路线 vt 转让 vt transfer [tr ? ns? f ?; ; , , . . & :] . vi . 转移; 迁移 Sublist 3alternative [ ? :l ? t ? :n ? tiv] adj . 两者择一的 , 供替代的不寻常的 , 非传统性的n 取舍 ,抉择 , 可供选择的事物选择的余地 , 可供选择的机会非正统的 . convene[k ? n? vi:n] vt . & vi . 召开 , 召集emphasis[ ? emf? n 强调 , 重点 sis].interact [ ? ? nt ? r ? ? kt] vi . 相互作用 [ 影响 ], 互相配合philosophy [f i ? l ? s? fi ] n 哲学人生哲学 , 人生观达观. 性行为sex[seks] n 性别 ; 性男性 ; 女性性关系性活动 ,.circumstance [ ? s? :k ? mst? ns] n. 环境 , 条件 , 情况境遇 , 经济状况coordinate [k ? u? ? :dineit] adj . 同等的 , 并列的 n. 〈数〉坐标 vt . 使协调 ; 使调 和ensure [in ? ? u? ] vt . 确保 , 担保担保获得 [ 避免 ] justify [ ? d? ? stifai] vt . 证明⋯有理 ; 为⋯辩护physical [ ? fizik ? l] adj . 身体的 , 肉体的物质的自然规律的 , 按自然法则的自然n 身体检查 , 体格检查( 界) 的物理学的 .换 班轮班工人计谋 手段切换键 vi 快速行进 vt shift [ ? ift] n 转换 , 转变轮 [ , . . & . ]vi . 改变 , 变换 , 转移 , 移动去掉 ; 摆脱掉换挡comment[ ? k? ment] n. 评论 , 意见 , 解释 , 批评 vt . & vi . 评论 ; 谈论 core [k ? :] n. 果核核心 , 精髓 , 要点exclude [iks ? klu:d] vt . 排除 ; 不包括在内n 层 ,层次layer [ ? lei ? ] .proportion [pr ? ? p? : ? ? n] n. 均衡 ; 相称 , 协调一物与他物在数量、 大小等方面的关系 ; 比例部分 ; 份儿 vt . 详述指定specify [ ? spesifai]4compensate[ ? k?mpenseit]vt . &vi . 补偿 , 报酬corporate [ ? k? :p ? rit] adj . 社团的 , 法人的framework [ ? freimw ? :k] n 构架 ; 结构. vi 连接 联系n 环 , 联系 , 纽带 vt. & . , link [li ? k] .publish [ ? p? bli ? ] vt . & vi . 出版公布sufficient [s ? ? fi ? ? nt] adj . 足够的 ; 充足的component[k ? m? p? un? nt] n 成分 , 组成部分 , 部件 ,元件.correspond [ ? k? ris ? p? nd] vi . 相符合 , 相一致相当 , 相类似通信 给⋯拨款fund [f ? n 基金 , 专款现款 ; 资金储备 , 蕴藏 vt . 为⋯提供资金 ,nd] .locate [l ? u? keit] vt . 找出 ,指出 ( 地点或位置 ) vt . & vi .( 在⋯)设置,坐落于react [ri ? ? kt] vi . 起反应 ; 有影响反对 ; 对抗task [t n 工作 ; 任务 ; 差事 ɑ:sk].n 同意 赞成 vi 同意 赞成 consent [k ? n? 准许 , , . ;sent] . criteri a [kra ? ? t ? ? r ? ? ] n. 标准 illustrat e [ ? il ? streit] vt . 给⋯加插图说明 , 阐明 ; 表明maximise[ ? m? ksimaiz] vt . 使( 某事物 ) 增至最大限度最大限度地利用 ( 某事物 ) 记录register [ ? red ? is t ? ] n 登记 ( 表 ), 注册 ( 簿 ) 记录器暖气 , 调风器 vt . & vi . ;. 登记 ; 注册显出注意到 , 记住 technical [ ? teknik ? l] adj . 技术的 ; 应用科学的艺术的 , 工艺的 ( 指书等 ) 要求有专门知识的 , 使用术语的 , 专业的 adj . 相当大 ( 或多 ) 的considerable [k ? n? sid ? r ? bl]deduce[di? dju:s] vt . 推论 ,演绎immigrate [ ? imi ɡreit] vi . 移入minor [ ? main? ] adj . 较小的 , 较少的 , 低级的 , 次要的 n. 未成年人副修科目rely[ri? lai] vi .信任; 信赖 ; 依赖 , 依靠technique [tek ? ni:k] n . 技巧 , 手法 , 技术技能constant [ ? k? nst ? nt] adj . 始终如一的 , 恒久不变的不断的 , 连续发生的忠实的 ,忠诚的demonstrate [ ? dem? nstreit ] vi . 举行示威游行 ( 或集会 ) vt . 说明 , 演示论证 , 证明 显示 , 表露imply [im ? plai]vt . 暗示 ,暗指必然包含negate [ni ? ɡeit] vt . 取消 , 使无效否定 ; 否认remove[ri ? mu:v] vi . 迁移 ; 移居 vt . 移走 ; 排除开除应用科学工业技术technology [tek ? n? l ? d? i ] n 科技 (总称 ); 工艺 ; .constrain [k ? n? strein] vt . 强迫 , 强使 ; 限制 , 约束记载document[ ? d? kjum? nt] n . 公文 , 文件 , 文献 vt . 证明记录,initial [i ? ni ? ?l] adj . 最初的 , 开头的outcome[ ? autk ? n 结果m] .scheme[ski:m] n. 阴谋 , 诡计计划 , 方案 vt .&vi . 策划 ;图谋valid [ ? v? lid]adj . 正当的 , 有充分根据的 , 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的contribute [k ? n?tribjut] vi . 起促成作用 vt . & vi . 捐献 , 捐助 , 贡献出撰稿 , 投稿dominate [ ? d? mineit] vt . 耸立于 , 俯临 vt .& vi . 控制 , 支配 , 统治在⋯中占首要 地位 n 例子 实例instance [ ? ins t ? ns] . ,5ɑ n 伙伴 , 同伙 , 合伙人 , 股东同伴, 搭档配偶 , 情人 vt . 做⋯的 partner [ ? p :tn ? ].搭档n 有关联的一组事物 一连串先后次序 顺序 连续 sequence[ ? si:kw ? , , , ns]. 册 书卷体积 容量音量volume[ ? v? lju:m] n 卷 , , ; 容积 , , 响度. Sublist 4access[ ?? kses] n 通道 , 入口接近 [ 取得 ]⋯的方法 [ 权利等 ] vt . 存取 计算机文件 ). (communicate[k ? ? mju:nikeit] vi . 通讯 ; 交际 , 交流相连 ; 相通 vt .& vi . 传达 ; 表 达 n 错误过失 失误error [ ? , er ? ].internal [in ? t ? :n ?l] adj . 内部的国内的 , 内政的体内的 相对应的 n 平行线 面 paralle l [ ? p? r ? lel] adj .( 指至少两条线 ) 平行的类似的 ; ] . [ 极相似的人 [ 事物 ] 类似( 点), 相似(之处)比较纬线 , 纬圈 vt . 与⋯平行 ; 与⋯相当 resolve [ri ? z? lv] vt .( 指委员会或集会 ) 表决解决 ( 问题、疑问等 ) 分解 ,解析( 某物 )vt . & vi . 决定 ;决心adj . 充分的 ,adequate[ ? ? dikwit]足够的适当的 , 胜任的concentrate [ ? k? ns? ntrei t] vt . 浓缩 vt . &vi . 专心于 ;注意集中 , 聚集ethnic [ ? e θnik] adj . 种族的 ,部落的某文化群体的 investigate [in ? vesti ɡeit] n vt . 调查 ; 审查 特性 界限〈物〉〈数〉参量参数parameter [p ? ? r ? mit ? ] 限定性的 ) 因素 , , , .( retain [ri ? tein] vt . 保持 ; 保留止住 ; 容纳 一年一次的 n 一年生植物年刊 年报annual [ ? ? nju ? l] adj . 每年的 , 年度的 , , ,.年鉴confer [k ? n? f ? :] vi . 〈拉〉商谈 , 商议 vt . 授予 , 赋予goal [ ɡ? n 球门进球得的分努力的对象 , 目标ul] .job[d ? ? b] n. 职业 , 职位 ( 一件) 工作职责 , 责任 分阶段计划 安排n 阶段 , 时期 月亮、行星的 ) 位相 vt . [ ]phase[feiz].n ( series [ ? si ? 连续的同类事物 , 系列串联ri:z].apparent [ ? ? p? r ? nt] adj . 显然明白的 , 清晰可见的表面上的 ,貌似(真实)的的 ,contrast [ ? k? ntr ? st]n. 对比 , 对照差异 , 差别对照物 , 明显的对比物 vt . &vi . 对比 , 对照 n 补助金 津贴 vt 准许 答应给予承认,助学金 , . ;grant [ ɡr ɑ:nt]. n 符号 vt 贴标签于把⋯列为label [ ? leib ? l] 标签 , 标记称号 ; ; 标示 . .predict [pri ? dikt ] vt . & vi . 预言 ; 预测 ; 预示 统计量statistic [st ? ? tistik ] adj . 统计的 , 统计学的 n .approximate [ ? ? pr ? ksimit] adj . 近似的 , 大约的 vt . & vi . 近似 , 接近cycle [ ? saikl] n . 循环 , 周期自行车 , 摩托车 vi . 骑自行 摩托 车[ ] hence[hens]adv. 从此时起 , 从此处因此 , 所以mechanism[ ? mek? niz ? m] n. 机械装置构造 , 机制办法 , 技巧 , 途径 本金被代principal [ ? prins ? p? l] adj . 最重要的 ; 主要的 n 负责人 , 校长资本, . 理人 , 委托人status [ ? steit ? s] n. 身份 , 地位情形 , 状况attitude [ ? ? n 态度 , 看法姿态 , 姿势titju:d]. v t v i 辩论争论debate [di ? beit] n 讨论 , 辩论 . & . ,.6hypothesis [hai ? p? θ n 假说 , 假设 ,前提isis].obvious [ ? ? bvi ? s] adj . 明显的 ; 显而易见的prior [ ? prai? ] adj . 优先的 ;在前的 ; 较早的重读强调stress [stres] n 压力 , 紧张强调 , 重要性重力重音 vt . .n 属性 特性 v t 认为⋯是 归因于⋯认为某作品出自某 attribute [ ? ?tribju:t] , . ; .人之手认为某事 [ 物] 属于某人 [ 物]despite [dis ? pait] prep . 不管 , 尽管 vt 使生效 贯彻执行implement [ ? implim ? n 工具 , 器具 , 用具. , , nt] .occupy[ ? ? kjupai] vt . 占领 ;占有使从事 ; 使忙于professional [pr ? ? fe ? ? n? l ] adj . 职业的 , 专业的内行的 , 有经验的有意的 ,故意的 n. 具有某专业资格的人 ,专业人士内行 , 专家专门职业者 , 职业选手 subsequent [ ? s? bsikw ? nt] adj . 随后的 ,继⋯之后的civil [ ? sivl] adj . 公民的 , 平民的 ; 非军职的 , 非宗教的 ; 国民间的 , 民用的民事 的, 民法的文明的 , 有教养的 尺寸 度量方面 部分规模 程度dimension [di ? men? ? n , , , n].implicate [ ? implikeit] vt . 牵连 , 涉及 配件买卖选择权期权option [ ? ? p? ? n] n 选择 ( 的自由 ) 可选择的办法附件 , , . n 方案 课题 规划抛 投 viproject [pr ? ? d? 项目 , 计划 , , vt . ; ; 射 vt. & . ekt] . 伸出 , 突出 ; 表达特点 vtvi 合计总结 归纳 n 总数 ,总和金额算术 . & ., sum[s ? m] . n 法规 vt 将⋯译成电码 code[k ? ud] 法典 , , 章程密码 , 电码代号 , 编码 ..domestic [d ? ? mestik] adj . 本国的 ,国内的家庭的 , 家用的驯养的impose[im ? p? uz] vi . 利用 ,占便宜 ; 欺骗 vt . 强迫 ,强加课税 , 惩罚output [ ? autput] n. 产量输出 , 输出功率promote[pr ? ? m? ut ] vt . 提升 , 提拔筹划 , 发起 , 创立推销〈正〉促进 ; 推动 ; 增进summary[ ? s? m? ri] adj . 即刻的 , 立即的匆忙的 , 草率的概括的 ; 简要的 n 摘要 ,. 概要commit[k ?? mit] vt . 犯罪 ;犯错承诺 ; 使自己受约束托付 ; 交付emerge[i ? m? :d ? ] vi . 出现 ;显出 ; 暴露integrate [ ? inti ɡreit]vt . 使结合成为整体 vt .& vi .( 使) 融入overall [ ? ? uv? r ? :l] adj . 总体的 ;全面的 ;综合的全面考虑的adv. 大体上 ,总 的来说一切包括在内 , 全部的 n 长罩衣工装裤 ; 工作裤. 政权 regime [rei ? ? n 政治制度 , , 政体 i:m] .undertake [ ? ? nd? ? teik] vt . 担任 , 承揽 ; 保证着手 , 开始Sublist 5 academy[ ? ? k? d? mi] n. 专科学校研究院 , 学会 consult [k ? n? s? lt] vt . 请教 , 咨询 ; 找 ( 医生 ) 诊治翻阅 , 查阅顾及 ,考虑 vt . &vi . 商议, 商量evolve [i ? v? lv] vt . & vi . 演变 ; 进化 特许放纵 放肆licence [ ? lais ? ns] n 许可证 , 执照许可 , , .orient [ ? ? :ri ? nt] n. 东方 ,亚洲 vt . 使熟悉 , 使适应使朝向 ;使确定位置style [stail] n 风格 , 格调 ; 文体行为方式, 作风种类 , 类型 ; 流行式样 ; 款式风度 ;.格调 ;气派7adjust [ ? ? d? ? st ] vt . & vi .( 改变⋯以 ) 适应 ; 调整 ; 校正 门路触点 接头contact [ ? k? nt ? n 接触联系 , 联络 , 交往社会关系 , 熟人 , ,kt]. vt . & vi . 联系expand[iks ? p? nd] vt .& vi . 使⋯变大 , 扩大 , 扩张伸展 , 伸开 ,张开 , 展开logic [ ? l ? d? ik] n 逻辑 (学 ), 逻辑性推理方法合理的想法.想法 perspective [p ? ? n 远景 , 景前途 ;希望透视透视图观点 , spektiv].substitut e[ ? s? bstitju:t] vt . & vi . 代替 , 替换 , 代用alter [ ?? :lt ? ] vt . & vi .改变, 更改 v i 太阳 落下 vt v i 辞谢 谢绝 邀请decline [di ? klain] n 下降 , 减少 , 衰退 .( ) . & . ;. ( 等)expose[iks ? p? uz] vt . 曝光暴露 ; 显露揭露 , 袒露 余地margin [ ? m ɑ:d ? in]n 页边空白边 , 边缘差数 , 差额 ; .precise [pri ?sais]adj . 精确的 ,准确的恰好的 ; 正是的周密的 , 细密的 , 精细的sustain [s ? ? stein] vt . 承受 ,支撑维持长期保持 ; 使继续经受 , 遭受amend[ ? ? mend] vt . & vi . 改良 ;修改 , 修订discrete [dis ?kri:t] adj . 分离的 , 不相关联的external [eks ?t ? :nl] adj . 外面的 , 外部的外观的 , 表面的外国的medical [ ? medik? l ] adj . 医学的 , 医疗的 , 医术的内科的 n 全盛时期vt 使准prime [praim] adj . 首要的 ; 主要的 ; 基本的最好的, 第一流的 . .备好 , 使完成准备工作事先指导 , 事先向⋯提供情况symbol[ ? simb? l] n 象征 , 标志符号 , 记号.aware[ ? ? w? ? ] adj . 意识到的 , 知道的draft [drɑ:ft ]n. 草稿 ,草案 , 草图汇票应召入伍者 ;特遣队 vt . 起草 ,画草图 , 草 拟选派 , 抽调征募 , 征召⋯入伍facilitat e [f ? ? siliteit] vt . 使便利 ,减轻⋯的困难mental [ ? mentl] adj . 精神的 ,头脑的 , 心理的 , 智力的精神病的psychology [sai ? k? l ? d? i] n. 心理学心理 ; 心理特点 服务的 对象 攻击的 对象target [ ? t n .( 射击的 ) 靶子 ( 欲达到的 ) 目 指 标 ); ( )ɑ:ɡit][ ] (vt . 瞄准某物n 容量 容积才能 能力身份 职位capacity [k ? ? p? , , ,siti].enable [i ? neibl] vt . 使能够 ;提供做⋯的权利 [ 措施 ] 使可能n 基本原则 基本fundamental [ ? f ? nd? ? ment? l] adj . 基本的 ; 重要的 , 必要的. , 法则 vt . 修饰 vt . & vi . 修改 ,modify [ ? m?difai] 更改pursue [p ? ? sju:] vt . 追捕 , 追击追求继续 ; 从事 , 经营transit [ ? tr ? nsit] n 搬运 ; 载运 ; 运输 .challenge [ ? t ? ? lind ? ] n. 挑战 , 邀请比赛怀疑 , 质问艰巨的任务 vt . 挑战质疑考验energy [ ? en? d? i ] n. 活力 ,干劲 , 能力精力〈物〉能 , 能量 , 能源generate [ ? d? en? reit] vt . 生成 , 产生引起 , 导致 班长 纠察员 vt 监听 监monitor [ ? m? nit ? n 监视器 , 监听器 ; 检测器 ( 学校 ); . , ]. 视监测 , 检测ratio [ ? rei ? i ? u] n. 比, 比率n 趋势 , 倾向流行trend [trend].法律文件等的条款 clause [kl n 从句 ( )? :z] .8enforce [in ? f ? :s] vt . 实施 ,执行强迫 , 迫使 一代人 一代产生 发生 generation [ ? d? en? ? rei ? ? n 同时代的人 , , , n]. 电视网 n 网状物 (电视与计算机 ) 网络 , 网状系统广播网, network [ ? netw? :k] . 不合格产品 vt 谢绝 排斥 退 reject [ri ? d? n 被拒货品, . 拒绝 , ; 驳回舍弃 , , ekt] .掉n 个人对事件的 描述 说法 看法版本 形式译本 剧本 version [ ? v? : ? ? n] .( ) , , , ,复合物 院子 围起来的 vtcompound[ ? k? mpaund] n , 化合物 ( 筑有围墙的 ),( ) 场地 . . 使混合 , 使合成使严重 ; 使恶化 实际存在物 entity [ ? n 实体 , 独立存在体 , entiti].物 翻版比喻 引 image[ ? imid ? n 形象 , 概念镜像 , 影像 , 图像印象酷似的人 [ ], , ] .喻, 明喻外形 , 外表 , 模样 奇想 意图 打算notion [ ? n? u? n 概念 ,观念 , 看法突然的念头 , ; , ? n] .revenue [ ? rev ? nju:] n . 收入 , 收益 ; 财政收入 , 税收welfare [ ? welf ? ? ] n. 健康 , 幸福 , 繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利 ( 制度 )conflict [ ? k? nflikt ] n 战斗 , 斗争冲突 , 抵触 , 争论 vi . 抵触 , 冲突.equivalent [i ? kwiv ? l ? nt]adj . 相等的 , 相当的liberal [ ? lib ? r ? l] adj . 心胸宽阔的 , 无偏见的慷慨的 , 大方的开放的 ; 主张变革的自由的 , n 宽容大度的人自由主义者不拘一格的 . adj 客观的 不带偏见的 n 目标 目的objective [ ? b? d? ektiv] . ; ;.stable [ ? steibl] adj . 稳定的 ; 安定的沉稳 [ 持重 ] 的whereas[hw? ? r ? ? z] conj . 但是 ,而Sublist 6abstract [ ? ? bstr ? kt] adj . 抽象的抽象派的 n 抽象 , 抽象概念 , 抽象性抽象派艺 .术作品摘要 , 梗概 vt .提取, 抽取做⋯的摘要capable [ ? keip ? bl] adj . 有能力的 , 有技能的exceed[ik? si:d] vi .( 在数量、质量上 ) 突出 , 领先 vt . 超过 ;超越incidence [ ? insid ? n 发生率 , 影响范围ns] .migrate [mai ? ɡreit] vi . 迁移 ;移往recover [ri ? k? v? ] vi . 恢复健康 ( 体力、能力等 ) vt . 恢复 ; 重新获得 , 找回〈正〉恢复 ( 适当的状态或位置 )accurate [ ? ? kjurit] adj . 精确的 , 准确的正确无误的cite [sait] vt . 引用 , 举例表彰 , 嘉奖传唤 ,传讯能手expert [ ? eksp? :t] adj.专家的,内行的,熟练的 n 专家,.incorporate [in ? k? :p?reit]vt . 包含 ,加上 , 吸收把⋯合并 , 使并入组成公司minimum[ ? minim? m] adj.最低的,最小的n 最低限度,最小量.reveal[ri ? vi:l] vt . 显示 ; 露出泄露 ;透露acknowledge[ ? k? n? lid ? ] vt . 承认 ,供认告知已收到鸣谢 , 感谢cooperate [k ? u? ? p? reit] vi . 合作 ;配合 , 协助explicit [iks ?plisit]adj . 详述的 , 明确的 , 明晰的直言的 , 毫不隐瞒的 , 露骨的index [ ? n 索引标志,象征;量度(物价或工资的)指数〈数〉指数,幂 vt.indeks] .给⋯编索引 , 指示出n政府的部ministry [ ?ministri] .( )n 余地, 机会 (处理、研究事务的 ) 范围scope[sk ? up] .9aggregate [ ? ? ɡri ɡit] n 〈正〉数 , 总计 vt . 总计达⋯ vt . & vi .( 使 聚集. ) discriminate [di s ? krimineit ] vi . 歧视 , 有差别地对待 vt . & vi . 分别 ,辨别 , 区分federal [ ? fed ? r ? l ] adj . 联邦 ( 制) 的联邦政府的 inhibit [in ?hibit] n vt . 阻止 ; 抑制动机 , 目的motive [ ? m? utiv].n subsidy [ ? s? bsidi] . 补贴 , 津贴 , 补助金allocate [ ? ? l ? keit] vt . 分配 , 分派把⋯拨给 vt 陈列 展览显示显露display [di s ? n 陈列 , 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等 . , , plei].n 费 ,酬金fee [fi:]. vt . 开始 , initiat e [i ? ni ? ieit] 着手传授 ; 使初步了解接纳新成员 , 让⋯加入neutral [ ? nju:t r ? l ] adj . 中立的 , 不偏不倚的中立 ( 国家 ) 的暗淡的 ; 非彩色的 ( 化学中 ) 中性的不带电的 n .( 汽车或其他机器的 ) 空挡位置中立人士 ; 中立国n 带子录音磁带 ; 录像带 vt . 用带子捆起来 vt . & vi . 录音tape [teip].vt . 分配 ; assign [ ? ? sain] 交给指派 , 选派指定 , 订出diverse [dai ? v? s] adj . 不同的 ,多种多样的flexibl e [ ? flek s ? bl ] adj . 易弯曲的 , 柔韧的灵活的 , 可变通的input [ ? n 输入 , 投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据 vt . 把⋯输入电脑input]. adv 仍然 然而 尽管如此 然而nevertheless [ ? nev? e ? ? les] , , 不过 conj . ,. v t 标出 trace [treis] n 踪迹 ; 痕迹 ; 形迹极微的量 . 追踪 ; 追溯发现 ; 找到描绘 ; . vt . & vi . 缓慢而困难地书写 attach [ ? ? t ? t ? ] vt . & vi . 贴上 ; 系 ; 附上 产业domain[d ? u? n 范围 , 领域版图 , 领土地产 ,mein] .furthermore [ ? f ? : e ?? m? :] adv. 而且 ,此外instruc t [i n ? str ? kt] vt . 命令 , 指示教 , 指导通知 向或来自 外国的 adv 在overseas [ ? ? uv? ? si:z] adj .( 在 海外的 , ( 在 )国外的 ( )) . [ 向] 海外; 在[ 向] 国外 vt .& vi . 改变transform [tr ? ns? f ? :m] 创始人 发起人author [ ? ? : θ? n 著作家 , 作者创造者 , ; ].edit [ ? edit] vt . 剪辑 ( 电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等) vt . &vi . 编辑n 〈语〉性gender[ ? d? end? ] .intelligent [in ? telid ? ?nt] adj . 聪明的 ; 理解力强的precede [ ? pri ? si:d] vt . & vi . 在⋯之前 , 先于transport [tr ? ns? p? :t]vt . 运送 ; 流放使万分激动契约票据vt 使粘结bond[b ? nd] n 联系,关系连接,接合,结合有息债券合同, , . ,. 使结合enhance[in ? hɑ:ns] vt . 提高 , 增加 , 加强ignorant [ ?i ɡn? r ? nt] adj . 无知的 , 愚昧的interval[ ?int ? v?n 间隔时间幕间休息l] .presume[pri ? zju:m] vi . 冒昧地做某事 ; 错用自作主张 , 放肆 vt . 以为 ; 假定underlie [ ?? nd? ?lai] vt . 位于或存在于 ( 某物 ) 之下构成⋯的基础 ( 或起因 ); 引起brief [bri:f] adj.短暂的,短时间的简洁的,简短的 n.概要,摘要vt.向⋯介绍基本情况 , 作⋯的摘要estate [is ?teit]n. 土地 , 地区庄园 , 种植园地产 ,财产 ;遗产动机incentive [in ? sentiv] n 激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因,n .讲课冗长的训斥教训训斥vtlecture [ ? lekt ? ? ]演讲; [谴责 ]vt.责备, , . & .10vi .( 向⋯) 演讲 ; ( 给⋯) 讲课rational [ ? r ? ? ? nl] adj . 神智清楚的理性的 ; 理智的 ; 合理的 ; 出于理性的 utilize [ ? ju:tilaiz] vt . 利用 , 使用Sublist 7adapt [ ? ? d? pt] vt . 改编 , 改写 vt . & vi .( 使)适应, ( 使) 适合contrary [ ? k? ntr ? ri ] adj . 相反的 , 相违的 n 相反 , 反面 , 对立面.empirical [em? pirik ? l] adj . 以观察或实验为依据的identical [ai ? dentik ? l ] adj . 同一的 事物phenomenon[fi n 现象特殊的人 [ ]? n? min? n] .submit [s ? b? mit] vi . 屈服 , 认输 vt . 提交 , 呈递〈正〉建议 , 主张 , 申辩adult [ ? ? d? lt ] adj . 成熟的成年人的 , 适宜于成年人的n . 成年的人或动物convert [k ? n? v? :t ] vt . & vi .( 使 ) 转变 , ( 使) 转化皈依 , 改变( 信仰)equip[i? k wip] vt . 装备 , 配备使有能力 , 使胜任ideology [ ? aid i ? ? l ? d? n 思想 ( 体系 ), 思想意识 i]. priorit y [prai? ? riti] n. 优先权 , 重点优先考虑的事 继承人successor [s ? k? ses? ] n 接替的人或事物 , 继任者 ,.advocate [ ? ? dv? keit ] n. 提倡者 , 拥护者辩护律师 , 辩护人 vt . 提倡 , 主张couple [ ? k? n 一对 , 一双一些 , 几个夫妻 , 情侣 vt . 连接 , 联结 , 联系pl] . 摘录 v t抽出提取 extract [iks ? tr ? kt ] n ,引用提炼物 , 浓缩物 .( 费力地 ) 拔出 , , . 榨出infer [in? f ?:] vt . 推断 ,推知prohibit [pr ? ? hibit] vt . 禁止 ;阻止survive [s ? ? vaiv] vi . 幸存 , 活下来 vt . 比⋯活得长 , 经历⋯之后还存在 n 帮助 , 援助 , 救助助手 , 辅助物 , 辅助手段 vt . 帮助 , 援助aid [eid].decade[ ? dekeid] n. 十年 , 十年间 文件 计算机文件纵列v i 排成纵队前进 vtfile [fail] n 文件夹 , 公文箱卷宗 , ; . . .把⋯归档提交 ( 申请等 ), 呈递用锉锉innovate [ ? in ? uveit] vi . 改 创新革 ,publication[ ? p? bli ? kei ? ? n] n. 发表 , 公布出版 , 刊行 , 发行出版物 , 书刊thesis [ ?n 论题 , 命题 , 论点论文 , 毕业 或学位 ) 论文θi:sis].( channel [ ? t ?? n 海峡通道 ; 水沟 , 水渠渠道 , 途径频道 nl] .definit e [ ? definit] adj . 明确的 ,确切的一定的 , 肯定的finite [ ? fainait ] adj . 有限的 , 有限度的〈语〉限定的 vt 插入 嵌入insert [in ? s? n 添入物 ( 尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图 ) . ,:t] .quote [kw? ut] vt . 提到⋯以支持某论点报 ( 价); 开( 价) vt . & vi . 引用 , 援引topic [ ? t ? n 题目 ,论题 , 话题pik] . chemical [ ? kemik? l] adj . 化学的 n. 化学药品deny[di ? nai] vt . 否认知情拒绝 建立 设立创办基础基本原理 根据地基基金 foundation [faun ? dei ? n , , , , ? n] .( 会)intervene [ ? ? nt ? ? vi:n] vi . 干涉 , 干预 ; 调解干扰 , 阻碍 发布的新闻消息 vtrelease [ri ? n 释放 ,排放 , 解除释放令公映的新影片 , [ ] . li:s]. 释放 ; 放开发布 ; 发行 ; 发售11transmit [tr ? nz? mit]vt . 传播, 传染传导 vt . & vi .发射, 播送 , 广播 classic [ ? kl ? sik] adj .( 著作 , 赛事等 ) 最优秀的 , ( 可作)典范的 (病例等 )典型的 ,标准的 ( 衣服, 设计等 ) 传统式样的 , 典雅的 ( 因为时已久 ) 著名的 ; n 文豪 , 大传统的 .艺术家 ;文学名著 , 经典作品 , 杰作优秀的典范 differentiat e [ ? dif ? ? ren ?ieit] vi . 区别对待 vt . & vi . 区分 ,区别 , 辨别 globe [ ɡl? n 地球 , 世界球体 ; 球状物地球仪 ub].isolate [ ? ais ? leit] vt . 使隔离 ,使孤立 , 使脱离n 相反钱币的反面背面 失败 reverse [ri ? v? :s] adj . 相反的 , 颠倒的 , 反向的 [] , .挫败 vt . & vi .( 使)反转; ( 使)颠倒; ( 使) 翻转推翻 , 取消使倒退 , 逆转ultimate [ ? ? ltimit] adj . 最后的,最终的基本的 , 根本的最大的 , 极限程度的 comprehensive [ ? k? mpri ? hensiv] adj . 广泛的 ,综合的dispose [dis ? p? uz] vt . 布置使愿意或准备做 vt . & vi . 处理 ; 处置 分数grade[ ɡreid] n 官阶、质量 等级 , 品级 , 阶段 , 程度〈尤美〉 ( 考试或作业的 ) , .( ) 评分等级〈尤美〉 ( 学生受测试的 ) 技巧水平 ( 尤指音乐方面 ) 〈美〉 年级 ; ( 按年级划 分的 ) 小学生 n 媒体media[ ? mi:dj ? ]. vt . 假装模仿 ,simulate [ ?simjuleit] 模拟unique [ju: ? ni:k] adj . 独一无二的 , 仅有的 , 惟一的异常的 ,特有的 , 少见的comprise [k ? m? praiz] vt . 包含 ,包括 , 由⋯组成组成 ,构成dynamic[dai ? n? mik] adj . 有活力的 , 强有力的不断变化的动力的 , 动态的guarantee [ ? ɡ? r ? n? n 保证 , 保障 ; 保证书 ; 保用期担保 , 担保人担保品 ,ti:]. 抵押品 vt . 保证 ; 担保使 ( 事情 ) 可能发生mode[m? ud]n. 方式 ,样式样式 ,风格 sole [s ? ul ] adj . 单独的 ,惟一的专有的 , 独占的visible [ ? viz ? bl] adj . 看得见的 ,可见的 ,有形的明显的 , 可察觉到的confirm [k ? n? f ? :m] vt . 证实 , 证明 ; 肯定 , 确认使巩固 , 加强批准 ; 认可 eliminate [i ? limineit] vt . 消除 ,排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉。
570 个烤鸭必备 AWL 学术单词
The Academic Word List(AWL)英语学术词汇表1.What is the AWL?AWL(《英语学术词汇表》)是一个由Victoria University of Wellington,New Zealand的一些应用语言学家统计出来词汇表，它包含了的学术英语(English for Academic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
例如：词目“analyse”就包含以下相关联的词汇：analysed,analyser,analysers,analyses,analysing, analysis,analyst,analysts,analytic,analytical,analytically,analyze,analyzed,analyzes, analyzing。
其中斜体字，analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
2.What are the10sublists of the AWL？AWL分十个sublists(小组)。
除了第十小组包含30个词目外，其他小组均含有90个词目。
Sublist1（第一组）包含的词汇最常用，sublist2（第二组）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublists依次类推。
AWL中的每一个词目后都有一个数字，它代表了该词目是属于AWL中的哪一组。
例如abandon8就表示abandon是属于第八小组的词目。
3.Where to find the AWL?本文件的附录以字母先后排列出了所有的AWL词目。
附录：The headwords of the AWL（《英语学术词汇表》中的570个词目）abandon8abstract6academy5access4accommodate9accompany8accumulate8accurate6achieve2acknowledge6acquire2adapt7adequate4adjacent10adjust5administrate2adult7advocate7affect2aggregate6aid7 albeit10allocate6alter5 alternative3ambiguous8amend5 analogy9analyse1annual4 anticipate9apparent4append8 appreciate8approach1appropriate2 approximate4arbitrary8area1 aspect2assemble10assess1 assign6assist2assume1 assure9attach6attain9 attitude4attribute4author6 authority1automate8available1 aware5behalf9benefit1 bias8bond6brief6 bulk9capable6capacity5 category2cease9challenge5 channel7chapter2chart8 chemical7circumstance3cite6 civil4clarify8classic7 clause5code4coherent9 coincide9collapse10colleague10 commence9comment3commission2 commit4commodity8communicate4 community2compatible9compensate3 compile10complement8complex2 component3compound5comprehensive7 comprise7compute2conceive10 concentrate4concept1conclude2 concurrent9conduct2confer4 confine9confirm7conflict5 conform8consent3consequent2considerable3consist1constant3 constitute1constrain3construct2 consult5consume2contact5 contemporary8context1contract1 contradict8contrary7contrast4 contribute3controversy9convene3 converse9convert7convince10 cooperate6coordinate3core3 corporate3correspond3couple7 create1credit2criteria3 crucial8culture2currency8 cycle4data1debate4 decade7decline5deduce3 define1definite7demonstrate3 denote8deny7depress10 derive1design2despite4 detect8deviate8device9 devote9differentiate7dimension4 diminish9discrete5discriminate6 displace8display6dispose7 distinct2distort9distribute1 diverse6document3domain6 domestic4dominate3draft5 drama8duration9dynamic7 economy1edit6element2 eliminate7emerge4emphasis3 empirical7enable5encounter10 energy5enforce5enhance6 enormous10ensure3entity5 environment1equate2equip7 equivalent5erode9error4establish1estate6estimate1 ethic9ethnic4evaluate2 eventual8evident1evolve5 exceed6exclude3exhibit8 expand5expert6explicit6 exploit8export1expose5 external5extract7facilitate5 factor1feature2federal6 fee6file7final2 finance1finite7flexible6 fluctuate8focus2format9 formula1forthcoming10foundation7 found9framework3function1 fund3fundamental5furthermore6 gender6generate5generation5 globe7goal4grade7 grant4guarantee7guideline8 hence4hierarchy7highlight8 hypothesis4identical7identify1 ideology7ignorance6illustrate3 image5immigrate3impact2 implement4implicate4implicit8 imply3impose4incentive6 incidence6incline10income1 incorporate6index6indicate1 individual1induce8inevitable8 infer7infrastructure8inherent9 inhibit6initial3initiate6 injure2innovate7input6 insert7insight9inspect8 instance3institute2instruct6integral9integrate4integrity10 intelligence6intense8interact3 intermediate9internal4interpret1 interval6intervene7intrinsic10 invest2investigate4invoke10 involve1isolate7issue1 item2job4journal2 justify3label4labour1 layer3lecture6legal1 legislate1levy10liberal5 licence5likewise10link3 locate3logic5maintain2 major1manipulate8manual9 margin5mature9maximise3 mechanism4media7mediate9 medical5medium9mental5 method1migrate6military9 minimal9minimise8minimum6 ministry6minor3mode7 modify5monitor5motive6 mutual9negate3network5 neutral6nevertheless6nonetheless10 norm9normal2notion5 notwithstanding10nuclear8objective5 obtain2obvious4occupy4 occur1odd10offset8 ongoing10option4orient5 outcome3output4overall4 overlap9overseas6panel10 paradigm7paragraph8parallel4 parameter4participate2partner3passive9perceive2percent1 period1persist10perspective5 phase4phenomenon7philosophy3 physical3plus8policy1 portion9pose10positive2 potential2practitioner8precede6 precise5predict4predominant8 preliminary9presume6previous2 primary2prime5principal4 principle1prior4priority7 proceed1process1professional4 prohibit7project4promote4 proportion3prospect8protocol9 psychology5publication7publish3 purchase2pursue5qualitative9 quote7radical8random8 range2ratio5rational6 react3recover6refine9 regime4region2register3 regulate2reinforce8reject5 relax9release7relevant2 reluctance10rely3remove3 require1research1reside2 resolve4resource2respond1 restore8restrain9restrict2 retain4reveal6revenue5 reverse7revise8revolution9 rigid9role1route9 scenario9schedule8scheme3 scope6section1sector1 secure2seek2select2sequence3series4sex3 shift3significant1similar1 simulate7site2so-called10 sole7somewhat7source1 specific1specify3sphere9 stable5statistic4status4 straightforward10strategy2stress4 structure1style5submit7 subordinate9subsequent4subsidy6 substitute5successor7sufficient3 sum4summary4supplement9 survey2survive7suspend9 sustain5symbol5tape6 target5task3team9 technical3technique3technology3 temporary9tense8terminate8 text2theme8theory1 thereby8thesis7topic7 trace6tradition2transfer2 transform6transit5transmit7 transport6trend5trigger9 ultimate7undergo10underlie6 undertake4uniform8unify9 unique7utilise6valid3 vary1vehicle8version5 via8violate9virtual8 visible7vision9visual8 volume3voluntary7welfare5 whereas5whereby10widespread8THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST(E-O)abandon v.go away from(a person or thing or place)not intending to return;forsake; desertabstract adj.existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existenceacademy n.school for special trainingaccess n.~means of approaching or entering(a place);way inaccommodate v.provide lodging or room foraccompany v.walk or travel with(sb)as a companion or helper;escortaccumulate v.gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of get(sth)in this wayaccurate adj.free from errorachieve v.gain or reach(sth),usu by effort,skill,courage,etcacknowledge v.accept the truth of admit(sth)acquire v.gain(sth)by one's own ability,efforts or behaviouradapt v.~sth(for sth)make sth suitable for a new use,situation,etc;modify sthadequate adj.~satisfactory in quantity or quality;sufficientadjacent having a common endpoint or border also immediately preceding or followingadjust v.put(sth)into the correct order or position;arrangeadministrate v.to administeradult adj.grown to full size or strengthadvocate v.speak publicly in favour of(sth);recommend;supportaffect v.have an influence on(sb/sth);produce an effect on aggregate v.~sb(fml)be formed or bring sb into an assembled group or amount aid n.helpalbeit conj althoughallocate v.~sth allot or assign sth(to sb/sth)for a special purposealter v.become different;change in character,position,size,shape,etc alternative adj.available in place of sth else;otherambiguous adj.having more than one possible meaningamend v.correct an error in(sth);make minor improvements in;change slightly analogy n.~partial similarity between two things that are compared analyse v.separate into its parts in order to study its nature or structure annual adj.happening every yearanticipate v.expectapparent adj.clearly seen or understood;obviousappend v.~sth(fml)attach or add sth(esp in writing)appreciate v.understand and enjoy(sth);value highlyapproach e near or nearer to in space or timeappropriate adj.~suitable;right and properapproximate adj.almost correct or exact but not completely soarbitrary adj.based on personal opinion or impulse,not on reasonarea n.extent or measurement of a surfaceaspect n.particular part or feature of sth being consideredassemble e together;collectassess v.~sth decide or fix the amount of sthassign v.~sth to sb give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be usedassist v.~in/with sth;~(sb)in doing sth(fml)helpassume v.accept as true before there is proofassure v.tell(sb)positively or confidentlyattach v.~sth fasten or join sth(to sth)attain v.succeed in getting(sth);achieveattitude n.~way of thinking or behavingattribute v.~sth to sb/sth regard sth as belonging to,caused by or produced by sb/sthauthor n.writer of a book,play,etcauthority n.power to give orders and make others obeyautomate v.cause to operate by automationavailable adj.that can be used or obtainedbehalf n.on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf;US in behalf of sb/in sb's behalf as the representative of or spokesman for sb;in the interest of sbbenefit n.profit;gain;future good(used esp with the vs and preps shown)bias n.opinion or feeling that strongly favours one side in an argument or one item in a group orseries;predisposition;prejudicebond n.written agreement or promise that has legal force;covenantbrief sting only a short time;shortbulk n.size,quantity or volume,esp when greatcapable adj.having ability;able;competentcapacity n.ability to hold or contain sthcategory n.class or group of things in a complete system of groupingcease e or bring(sth)to an end;stopchallenge n.~(to do sth)invitation or call(to sb)to take part in a game,contest, fight etc to prove who is better,stronger,more able,etcchannel n.sunken bed of a river,stream or canalchapter n.(usu numbered)division of a bookchart n.detailed map used to help navigation at sea,showing coasts,rocks, the depth of the sea,etcchemical adj.of or relating to chemistrycircumstance n.condition or fact connected with an event or actioncite quote;commendcivil adj.of or relating to the citizens of a countryclarify v.(cause sth to)become clear or easier to understandclassic adj.having a high quality that is recognized and unquestioned;of lasting value and import anceclause n.group of words that includes a subject1(4a)and a verb,forming a sentence or part of a sentencecode n.(system of)words,letters,symbols,etc that represent others,used for secret messages or for presenting or recording information brieflycoherent adj.connected logically or consistent;easy to understand;clearcoincide v.~(of events)occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth elsecollapse v.fall down or in suddenlycolleague n.person with whom one works,esp in a profession or businesscommence v.begin(sth);startcomment n.~written or spoken remark giving an opinion on,explaining or criticizing(an event,a person,a situation,etc)commission n.~action,task or piece of work given to sb to docommit v.do(sth illegal,wrong or foolish)commodity n.thing bought in a shop and put to use,esp in the homecommunicate v.~sth make sth known;convey sthcommunity n.the community the people living in one place,district or country, considered as a wholecompatible adj.~(of people,ideas,arguments,principles,etc)suited;that can exist togethercompensate v.~for sth give(sb)sth good to balance or lessen the bad effect of damage, loss,injury,etc;compile v.~sth(for/from sth)collect(information)and arrange it in a book, list,report,etccomplement n.~thing that goes well or suitably with sth else,or makes it completecomplex adj.made up of(usu several)closely connected partscomponent n.any of the parts of which sth is madecompound n.thing made up of two or more separate things combined togethercomprehensiv e adj.that includes everythingcomprise v.have as parts or members;be made up ofcompute v.~sth calculate sth with a computerconceive v.become pregnantconcentrate v.~(sth)(on sth/doing sth)focus(one's attention,effort,etc) exclusively and intensel y on sth,not thinking about other less important thingsconcept n.~idea underlying sth;general notionconclude v.~(with sth)(usu fml)come or bring(sth)to an endconcurrent adj.~existing,happening or done at the same timeconduct n.person's behaviourconfer v.~(with sb)(on/about sth)have discussions(esp in order to exchange opinions or get advice)confine v.~sb/sth keep(a person or an animal)in a restricted spaceconfirm v.provide evidence for the truth or correctness of(a report,an opinion, etc);establish the truth ofconflict n.struggle;fightconform v.~keep to or comply with(generally accepted rules,standards,etc) consent v.~give agreement or permissionconsequent adj.~(fml)following sth as a result or an effect considerable adj.great in amount or sizeconsist v.(phr v)consist of sth be composed or made up of sthconstant adj.going on all the time;happening again and againconstitute v.(fml)make up or form(a whole);be the components of constrain v.make(sb)do sth by strong(moral)persuasion or by force construct v.build(sth);put or fit together;formconsult v.~sb/sth go to(a person,book,etc)for information,advice,etc consume e(sth)upcontact n.~state of touching(used esp with the vs shown) contemporary adj.~of the time or period being referred to;belonging to the same time context writings preceding and following passage quotedcontract n.~(for sth/to do sth)legally binding agreement,usu in writing contradict v.say sth that conflicts with by(sb),suggesting that the person iscontrary adj.opposite in nature,tendency or directioncontrast v.~A and/with B compare so that differences are made clearcontribute v.~(to/towards sth)give one's share of(money,help,advice,etc)to help a joint causecontroversy n.~public discussion or argument,often rather angry,about sth which many people disagreewithconvene v.summon to come together;arrange(a meeting,etc)converse v.~(about sth);~(together)(fml)talkconvert v.~(sth)(from sth)(into/to sth)change(sth)from one form or use to anotherconvince v.~sb make sb feel certain;cause sb to realizecooperate to work or act togethercoordinate vt.to organize or integrate(diverse elements)in a harmonious operation core n.centre of such fruits as the apple and pear,containing the seeds corporate adj.of or shared by all the members of a group;collective correspond v.~be in agreement;not contradict sth or each othercouple n.two people or things that are seen together or associated,esp a man and woman togethercreate v.cause to exist;make(sth new or original)credit n.permission to delay payment for goods and services until after they have been received;system of paying in this waycriteria n.(pl of criterion)standard by which sth is judgedcrucial adj.~very important;decisiveculture n.refined understanding and appreciation of art,literature,etccurrency n.money system in use in a countrycycle n.series of events that are regularly repeated in the same orderdata n.facts or information used in deciding or discussing sthdebate n.formal argument or discussion of a question,eg at a public meeting or in Parliament,with two or more opposing speakers,and often ending in a votedecade n.period of ten yearsdecline v.say`no'to(sth);refuse(sth offered),usu politelydeduce v.~sth arrive at(facts,a theory,etc)by reasoning;infer sthdefine v.~sth state precisely the meaning of(eg words)definite adj.clear;not doubtfuldemonstrate v.~sth(to sb)show sth clearly by giving proof or evidencedenote v.be the name,sign or symbol of(sth);refer todeny v.say that(sth)is not truedepress v.make sad and without enthusiasmderive v.~sth from sth obtain sth from sth;get sth from sthdesign n.~(for sth)drawing or outline from which sth may be madedespite prep without being affected bydetect v.discover or recognize that(sth)is presentdeviate v.~from sth stop followingdevice n.thing made or adapted for a special purposedevote v.~oneself/sth to sb/sth give to sb/sth;dedicate;differentiat e v.~between A and B;~A(from B)see or show(two things)to be different; show sth to be different(from sth else)dimension n.measurement of any sortdiminish v.become smaller or less;decreasediscrete adj.separate;distinctdiscriminate v.~~A from B see or make a difference(between two things) displace v.move from the usual or correct placedisplay v.~sth put sth on showdispose v.place(sb/sth)in a suitable way;arrangedistinct adj.easily heard,seen,felt or understood;definitedistort v.pull or twist out of its usual shapedistribute v.~sth separate sth into parts and give a share to each person or thing diverse adj.of different kinds;varieddocument n.paper,form,book,etc giving information about sth,evidence or proof of sthdomain nds owned or ruled by a nobleman,government,etcdomestic adj.of the home,household or familydraft n.rough preliminary written version of sthdrama n.play for the theatre,radio or TVduration n.time during which sth lasts or continuesdynamic adj.of power or forces that produce movementeconomy n.avoidance of waste(of money,strength,time,resources,etc)edit v.prepare for publication,eg in a book,newspaper,or magazineelement n.~necessary or characteristic part of stheliminate v.~sb/sth remove(esp sb/sth that is not wanted or needed)emerge v.~come out or up(from water,etc)emphasis n.force or stress given to a word or words when spoken,to make the meaning clear or to sho w importanceempirical adj.based on observation or experiment,not on theoryenable v.make able to do sth by giving him the necessary authority or meansencounter v.meet or find oneself faced by(sth/sb unpleasant,dangerous,difficult, etc)energy n.ability to act or work with strength and eagernessenforce v.~sth force people to obey(a law,etc);make sth effectiveenhance v.increase make(sb/sth)look betterenormous adj.very large;immenseensure v.make sure;guaranteeenvironment n.conditions,circumstances,etc affecting people's livesequate v.~sth consider sth as equal or equivalent(to sth else)equip v.~sb/sth(with sth)supply sb/sth(with what is needed,for a particular purpose)equivalent adj.~equal in value,amount,meaning,importance,etcerode v.destroy or wear(sth)away graduallyerror n.thing done wrongly;mistakeestablish v.set up on a firm or permanent basisestate n.area of land,esp in the country,with one ownerestimate n.judgement or calculation of the approximate size,cost,value,etc of sthethic n.system of moral principles;rules of conductethnic adj.of a national,racial or tribal group that has a common cultural traditionevaluate v.find out or form an idea of the amount or value of(sb/sth);assesseventual adj.happening at last as a result;ultimateevident adj.~(that...)obvious(to the eye or mind);clearevolve v.(cause to)develop naturally and(usu)graduallyexceed v.be greater or more numerous than(esp a quantity)exclude v.~sb/sth prevent sb from entering somewhere,taking part in sth,etc; keep sb outexhibit n.object or collection of objects displayed for the public,eg in a museumexpand v.~(into sth)(cause sth to)become greater in size,number or importance expert n.~person with special knowledge,skill or training in a particular field explicit adj.(of a statement,etc)clearly and fully expressedexploit n.brave or adventurous deed or actionexport n.exportingexpose v.uncover or make(sth)visible;displayexternal adj.outside;situated on the outside of sth(esp the body) extract v.~sth take or get sth out,usu with effort or by forcefacilitate v.(of an object,a process,etc but not of a person)make(sth)easy or less difficultfactor n.fact,circumstance,etc that helps to produce a resultfeature n.one of the named parts of the face(eg nose,mouth,eyes)which together form its appear ancefederal of or relating to a form of government or a country in which power is divided between one central and several regional governmentfee n.(usu pl)amount paid for professional advice or service,eg to private teachers,doctor s,etcfile n.metal tool with a rough surface for cutting,smoothing or shaping hard substancesfinal adj.of the end;coming lastfinance n.management of moneyfinite adj.having bounds;limited;not infiniteflexible adj.that can bend easily without breakingfluctuate v.~(of a price,number,rate,etc)rise and fall;change irregularlyfocus n.=>Usage at data data.point at which rays(of light,sound,etc)meet or from which theyappear to comeformat n.shape,size,binding,etc of a bookformula n.(chemistry)set of symbols showing the elements that a substance is made offorthcoming adj.about to happen or appear in the near futurefoundation n.act of foundingfounded[find:]to meet with or discover by chanceframework n.structure giving shape and supportfunction n.special activity or purpose of a person or thingfund n.sum of money saved or made available for a particular purpose fundamental adj.of or forming the basis or foundation of sth;essential furthermore adv.in addition;moreover;gender n.(in certain languages)classification of a noun or pronoun as masculine or femininegenerate v.cause to exist or occur;producegeneration n.productionglobe n.small spherical model of the earth showing the continents and usu also countries,rivers,cities,etcgoal n.(in football,hockey,etc)pair of posts with a crossbar,between which the ball has to be kicked,hit,etc in order to scoregrade n.step,stage or degree of rank,quality,etc;level of classificationgrant v.agree to give or allow(what is asked for)guarantee n.~(against sth)promise(usu in writing)that certain conditions agreed to in a transaction will be fulfilledguideline a principle put forward to set standards or determine a course of actiohence adv.from this timehierarchy n.system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highesthighlight n.best,most interesting or most exciting part of somethinghypothesis n.idea or suggestion that is based on known facts and is used as a basis for reasoning or further investigationidentical adj.the~the sameidentify v.~sb/sth as sb/sth show,prove,etc who or what sb/sth is;recognize sb/sth(as being th e specified person or thing)ideology n.ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory or that are held by a partic ular group or personignorant adj.~(of sth)knowing little or nothing;lacking education or information; unawareillustrate v.supply with pictures,diagrams,etcimage n.copy of the shape of a person or thing,esp one made in stone or wood; statueimmigrate v.~enter a foreign country in order to live there permanentlyimpact n.hitting of one object against anotherimplement n.tool or instrumentimplicate v.~sb show that sb is involved in sth,esp a crimeimplicit adj.~implied,but not expressed directly;not explicitimply v.suggest(sth)indirectly rather than state it directly;hintimpose v.~sth place(a penalty,tax,etc)officially on sb/sthincentive n.~thing that encourages sb to do sth;stimulusincidence n.~of sth extent to which sth happens or has an effectincline v.~towards sth lean or slope in the direction of sthincome n.money received over a certain period,esp as payment for work or as interest on investmen tsincorporate v.~sth(in/into sth)make sth part of a whole;includeindex n.list of names or topics referred to in a book,etc,usu arranged at the end in alphabetic al orderindicate v.~sth(to sb)show sth,esp by pointingindividual adj.single;separateinduce v.persuade or influence(sb)to do sthinevitable adj.that cannot be avoided;that is sure to happeninfer v.~sth(from sth)reach(an opinion)from facts or reasoning;conclude sthinfrastructu re n.subordinate parts,installations,etc that form the basis of a system, an organization oran enterprise(eg of an army),inherent adj.~existing as a natural or permanent feature or quality of sb/sthinhibit v.~sb prevent sb from doing sth that should be natural or easy to doinitial adj.of or at the beginning;firstinitiate v.put(a scheme,etc)into operation;cause(sth)to begininjure v.hurt(sb);harminnovate v.make changes;introduce new thingsinput n.~action of putting sth ininsert v.~sth put,fit,place sth into sth or between two thingsinsight n.~(approv)ability to see into the true nature(of sth);deep understandinginspect v.examine(sth)closelyinstance n.~particular occurrence of sth that happens generally or several times; example;caseinstitute n.society or organization for a special(usu social,professional or educational)purposeinstruct to direct to do something;orderintegral adj.~necessary for completenessintegrate v.~sth(into sth);~A and B/~A with B combine sth in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth elseintegrity n.quality of being honest and morally uprightintelligence n.power of learning,understanding and reasoning;mental abilityintense adj.(of sensations)very great or severe;extremeinteract v.~act or have an effect on each otherintermediate adj.~situated or coming between two people,things,etc in time,space, degree,etcinternal adj.of or on the insideinterpret v.explain(sth which is not easily understandable)interval n.~time between two eventsintervene v.(of time)come or be betweenintrinsic adj.belonging naturally;existing within,not coming from outsideinvest v.~(in sth/with sb)use(money)to buy shares,property,etc,in order to earn interest or bring profitinvestigate v.find out and examine in order to obtain the truthinvoke e(sth)as a reason for one's actioninvolve v.make necessary as a condition or result;entailisolate v.~sb/sth put or keep sb/sth entirely apart from other people or things; separate sb/sth;issue n.outgoing;outflowitem n.single article or unit in a list,etcjob n.the patience of jobjournal n.newspaper or periodical,esp one that is serious and deals with a specialized subjectjustify v.show that(sb/sth)is right,reasonable or justlabel n.piece of paper,cloth,metal,etc on or beside an object and describing its nature,name,owner,destination,etclabour n.physicalor mental worklayer n.thickness of material laid over a surface or forming a horizontal divisionlecture n.~(on sth)talk giving information about a subject to an audience or a class,often as part of a teaching programmelegal adj.of or based on the lawlegislate v.~make lawslevy v.~sth(on sb)collect(a payment,etc)by authority or force;impose sthliberal adj.tolerant and open-minded;free from prejudicelicence n.official document showing that permission has been given to own,use or do sthlikewise adv.similarlylink n.one ring or loop of a chainlocate v.discover the exact position or place oflogic n.science of reasoningmaintain v.~sth cause sth to continue;keep sth in existence at the same level, standard,etcmajor adj.important;great(er)manipulate v.control or handle with skillmanual adj.of,done with or controlled by the handsmargin n.blank space round the written or printed matter on a pagemature adj.fully grown or developed mentally or physically;having achieved one's full potentialmaximise[maximize:]vt.to make as high or great as possible;increase to a maximummechanism n.working parts of a machine,etcmedia n.the media means of mass communication,eg TV,radio,newspapersmediate v.~act as a peacemaker or go-between for two or more people,groups, etc who disagreemedical adj.of the art of medicine;of curing diseasemedium n.(pl usu media)means by which sth is expressed or communicatedmental adj.of,in or to the mindmethod n.waymigrate v.~(to...)move from one place to go to live or work in anothermilitary adj.of or for soldiers or an army;of or for armed forcesminimal adj.smallest in amount or degree。
学术词汇表3
Sublist3•alternative[ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv]adj.两者择一的,供替代的不寻常的,非传统性的非正统的n.取舍,抉择,可供选择的事物选择的余地,可供选择的机会•convene[kənˈvi:n]vt.&vi.召开,召集•emphasis[ˈemfəsis]n.强调,重点•interact[ˌɪntərˈækt]vi.相互作用[影响],互相配合•philosophy[fiˈlɔsəfi]n.哲学人生哲学,人生观达观•sex[seks]n.性别;性男性;女性性关系性活动,性行为•circumstance[ˈsə:kəmstəns]n.环境,条件,情况境遇,经济状况•coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit]adj.同等的,并列的n.〈数〉坐标vt.使协调;使调和•ensure[inˈʃuə]vt.确保,担保担保获得[避免]•justify[ˈdʒʌstifai]vt.证明…有理;为…辩护•physical[ˈfizikəl]adj.身体的,肉体的物质的自然规律的,按自然法则的自然(界)的物理学的n.身体检查,体格检查•shift[ʃift]n.转换,转变轮[换]班轮班工人计谋,手段切换键vi.快速行进vt.&vi.改变,变换,转移,移动去掉;摆脱掉换挡•comment[ˈkɔment]n.评论,意见,解释,批评vt.&vi.评论;谈论•core[kɔ:]n.果核核心,精髓,要点•exclude[iksˈklu:d]vt.排除;不包括在内•layer[ˈleiə]n.层,层次•proportion[prəˈpɔ:ʃən]n.均衡;相称,协调一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系;比例部分;份儿•specify[ˈspesifai]vt.详述指定•compensate[ˈkɔmpenseit]vt.&vi.补偿,报酬•corporate[ˈkɔ:pərit]adj.社团的,法人的•framework[ˈfreimwə:k]n.构架;结构•link[liŋk]n.环,联系,纽带vt.&vi.连接,联系•publish[ˈpʌbliʃ]vt.&vi.出版公布•sufficient[səˈfiʃənt]adj.足够的;充足的•component[kəmˈpəunənt]n.成分,组成部分,部件,元件•correspond[ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd]vi.相符合,相一致相当,相类似通信•fund[fʌnd]n.基金,专款现款;资金储备,蕴藏vt.为…提供资金,给…拨款•locate[ləuˈkeit]vt.找出,指出(地点或位置)vt.&vi.(在…)设置,坐落于•react[riˈækt]vi.起反应;有影响反对;对抗•task[tɑ:sk]n.工作;任务;差事•consent[kənˈsent]n.准许,同意,赞成vi.同意;赞成•criteria[kraɪˈtɪərɪə]n.标准•illustrate[ˈiləstreit]vt.给…加插图说明,阐明;表明•maximise[ˈmæksimaiz]vt.使(某事物)增至最大限度最大限度地利用(某事物)•register[ˈredʒistə]n.登记(表),注册(簿)记录器暖气,调风器vt.&vi.记录;登记;注册显出注意到,记住•technical[ˈteknikəl]adj.技术的;应用科学的艺术的,工艺的(指书等)要求有专门知识的,使用术语的,专业的•considerable[kənˈsidərəbl]adj.相当大(或多)的•deduce[diˈdju:s]vt.推论,演绎•immigrate[ˈimiɡreit]vi.移入•minor[ˈmainə]adj.较小的,较少的,低级的,次要的n.未成年人副修科目•rely[riˈlai]vi.信任;信赖;依赖,依靠•technique[tekˈni:k]n.技巧,手法,技术技能•constant[ˈkɔnstənt]adj.始终如一的,恒久不变的不断的,连续发生的忠实的,忠诚的•demonstrate[ˈdemənstreit]vi.举行示威游行(或集会)vt.说明,演示论证,证明显示,表露•imply[imˈplai]vt.暗示,暗指必然包含•negate[niˈɡeit]vt.取消,使无效否定;否认•remove[riˈmu:v]vi.迁移;移居vt.移走;排除开除•technology[tekˈnɔlədʒi]n.科技(总称);工艺;应用科学工业技术•constrain[kənˈstrein]vt.强迫,强使;限制,约束•document[ˈdɔkjumənt]n.公文,文件,文献vt.证明记录,记载•initial[iˈniʃəl]adj.最初的,开头的•outcome[ˈautkʌm]n.结果•scheme[ski:m]n.阴谋,诡计计划,方案vt.&vi.策划;图谋•valid[ˈvælid]adj.正当的,有充分根据的,符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的•contribute[kənˈtribjut]vi.起促成作用vt.&vi.捐献,捐助,贡献出撰稿,投稿•dominate[ˈdɔmineit]vt.耸立于,俯临vt.&vi.控制,支配,统治在…中占首要地位•instance[ˈinstəns]n.例子,实例•partner[ˈpɑ:tnə]n.伙伴,同伙,合伙人,股东同伴,搭档配偶,情人vt.做…的搭档•sequence[ˈsi:kwəns]n.有关联的一组事物,一连串先后次序,顺序,连续•volume[ˈvɔlju:m]n.卷,册,书卷体积;容积,容量音量,响度。
学术词汇表
accept, account (for), achieve, acquire, act, adapt, adopt, advance, advocate, affect, aid, aim, allocate, allow, alter,analyse, appear, apply, argue, arise, assert, assess, assign, associate, assist,assume, attain, attempt, attend, attribute, avoid, base, be, become, benefit, can, cause,characterise, choose, cite, claim, clarify, classify, coincide, combine, compare, compete, comprise, concentrate, concern, conclude, conduct, confine, conform, connect, consider, consist, constitute, construct, contain, contrast, contribute, control, convert, correspond, create, damage, deal, decline, define, demonstrate, depend, derive, describe, design, destroy, determine, develop, differ, differentiate, diminish, direct, discuss, display, distinguish, divide, dominate, effect, eliminate, emerge, emphasize, employ, enable, encounter, encourage, enhance, ensure, establish, evaluate, evolve, examine, exceed, exclude, exemplify, exist, expand, experience, explain, expose, express, extend, facilitate, fail,favour, finance, focus, follow, form, formulate, function, gain, generate, govern, highlight, identify, illustrate, imply, impose, improve, include, incorporate, increase, indicate, induce, influence, initiate, integrate, interpret, introduce, investigate, involve, isolate, label, lack, lead, limit, link, locate, maintain, may, measure, neglect, note, obtain, occur, operate, outline, overcome, participate, perceive, perform, permit, pose, possess, precede, predict, present, preserve, prevent, produce, promote, propose, prove, provide, publish, pursue, quote, receive, record, reduce, refer, reflect, regard, regulate, reinforce, reject, relate, rely, remain, remove, render, replace, report, represent, reproduce, require, resolve, respond, restrict, result, retain, reveal, seek, select, separate, should, show, solve, specify, state, stimulate, strengthen, stress, study, submit, suffer, suggest,summarise, supply, support, sustain, tackle, tend, term, transform, treat, undermine, undertake, use, vary, view, write, yield
英语论文学术词汇
Academic Word List学术词表介绍：Academic Word List（简称AWL，即英语学术词汇表）包含了学术英语中使用频率最高的570个词目，也是在各种学术类英语考试（四六级、考研、雅思等）中极为常见的词汇，需要重点掌握。
掌握这些学术词汇不仅有助于理解阅读文章，而且对于解题技巧的运用也非常重要。
Sublist 1sector • available • financial • process • individual • specific • principle • estimate • variables • method • data • research • contract • environment • export • source • assessment • policy • identified • create • derived • factors • procedure • definition • assume • theory • benefit • evidence • established • authority • major • issues • labour / labor • occur • economic • involved • percent • interpretation • consistent • income • structure • legal • concept • formula • section • required • constitutional • analysis • distribution • function • area • approach • role • legislation • indicate • response • period • context • significant • similar •Sublist 2community • resident • range • construction • strategies • elements • previous • conclusion • security • aspects • acquisition • features • text • commission • regulations • computer • items • consumer • achieve • final • positive • uation • assistance • normal • relevant • distinction • region • traditional • impact • consequences • chapter • equation • appropriate • resources • participation • survey • potential • cultural • transfer • select • credit • affect • categories • perceived • sought • focus • purchase • injury • site • journal • primary • complex • institute • investment • administration • maintenance • design • obtained • restricted • conduct •Sublist 3comments • convention • published • framework • implies • negative • dominant • illustrated • outcomes • constant • shift • deduction • ensure • specified • justification • funds • reliance • physical • partnership • location • link • coordination • alternative • initial • validity • task • techniques • excluded • consent • proportion • demonstrate • reaction • criteria • minorities • technology • philosophy • removed • sex • compensation • sequence • corresponding • maximum • circumstances • instance • considerable • sufficient • corporate • interaction • contribution • immigration • component • constraints • technical • emphasis • scheme • layer • volume • document • registered • core •Sublist 4overall • emerged • regime • implementation • project • hence • occupational • internal • goals • retained • sum • integration • mechanism • parallel • imposed • despite • job • parameters • approximate • label • concentration • principal •series • predicted • summary • attitudes • undertaken • cycle • communication • ethnic• hypothesis • professional • status • conference • attributed • annual • obvious • error • implications • apparent • commitment • subsequent • debate • dimensions • promote • statistics • option • domestic • output • access • code • investigation • phase• prior • granted • stress • civil • contrast • resolution • adequate •Sublist 5alter • stability • energy • aware • licence / license• enforcement • draft • styles • precise • medical • pursue • symbolic • marginal • capacity • generation • exposure • decline • academic • modified • external • psychology • fundamental • adjustment • ratio • whereas • enable • version • perspective • contact • network • facilitate • welfare • transition • amendment • logic •rejected • expansion • clause • prime • target • objective • sustainable • equivalent • liberal • notion • substitution • generated • trend • revenue • compounds • evolution • conflict • image • discretion • entities • orientation • consultation • mental • monitoring • challenge •Sublist 6intell igence • transformation • presumption • acknowledged • utility • furthermore • accurate • diversity • attached • recovery • assigned • tapes • motivation • bond • edition • nevertheless • transport • cited • fees • scope • enhanced • incorporated • instructions • subsidiary • input • abstract • ministry • capable • expert • preceding • display • incentive • inhibition • trace • ignored • incidence • estate • cooperative • revealed • index • lecture • discrimination • overseas • explicit • aggregate • gender• underlying • brief • domain • rational • minimum • interval • neutral • migration • flexibility • federal • author • initiatives • allocation • exceed •Sublist 7intervention • confirmed • definite • classical • chemical • voluntary • release • visible • finite • publication • channel • file • thesis • equipment • disposal • solely • deny • identical • submitted • grade • phenomenon • paradigm • ultimately • e xtract • survive • converted • transmission • global • inferred • guarantee • advocate • dynamic • simulation • topic • insert • reverse • decades • comprise • hierarchical • unique • comprehensive • couple • mode • differentiation • eliminate • priority • empirical • ideology • somewhat • aid • foundation • adults • adaptation • quotation • contrary • media • successive • innovation • prohibited • isolated •Sublist 8highlighted • eventually • inspection • termination • displacement • arbitrary • reinforced • denote • offset • exploitation • detected • abandon • random • revision • virtually • uniform • predominantly • thereby • implicit • tension • ambiguous • vehicle • clarity • conformity • contemporary • automatically • accumulation • appendix • widespread • infrastructure • deviation • fluctuations • restore • guidelines • commodity • minimises • practitioners • radical • plus • visual • chart • appreciation • prospect • dramatic • contradiction • currency • inevitably • complement • accompany • paragraph • induced • schedule • intensity • crucial • via • exhibit • bias • manipulation • theme • nuclear •Sublist 9bulk • behalf • unified • commenced • erosion • anticipated • minimal • ceases • vision • mutual • norms • intermediate • manual • supplementary • incompatible • concurrent • ethical • preliminary • integral • conversely • relaxed• confined • accommodation • temporary • distorted • passive • subordinate • analogous • military • scenario • revolution • diminished • coherence • suspended • mature • assurance • rigid • controversy • sphere • mediation • format • trigger • qualitative• portion • medium • coincide • violation • device • insights • refine • devoted • team • overlap • attained • restraints • inherent • route • protocol • founded • duration •Sublist 10whereby • inclination • encountered • convinced • assembly • albeit• enormous • reluctant • posed • persistent • undergo • notwithstanding • straightforward • panel • odd • intrinsic • compiled • adjacent • integrity • forthcoming • conce ived • ongoing • so-called • likewise • nonetheless • levy • invoked • colleagues • depression • collapse •。
英语常用学术词汇表
《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来，最常用的有570个词目(headwords)，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
其中斜体字，analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishlegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesapproachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatecreatedidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationscreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingredistributingredistributionlegally Sublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministratively distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviousadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalitypreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedassistingassistsunassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communityfinallyfinalsfocusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesregulatesregulatingregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulcommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiesinconclusively conductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalsecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistsconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscredits cultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigningdesignsabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainablesurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory component emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributeexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorcontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterionjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallydeducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocumentsrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaldominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationnegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipstechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequate errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributes grantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicatephasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescodingcommitcommitmentcommitmentscommitscommittedcommitting communicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicativeimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionintegrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotespromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedconcentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconfers contrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrasts cyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcycling debateinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumdebatabledebateddebatesdebating despitedimensiondimensionaldimensionsmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemerging occupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealteration expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimagepsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisechallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallystabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingconsulting contactcontactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingliberalslicencelicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitysubstitutesubstitutedsubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolvesmentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregate enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocations assignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassigned attachattachedfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesincidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapability incorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisesincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operatesco-operationco-operativeco-operatively discriminatediscriminateddiscriminatesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentintervalintervalslecturelecturedlecturerlecturerssubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformationstransformedtransformingtransformstransporttransportationtransported。
学术词汇表
虽然，尽管 allocated, allocates, allocating, allocation, allocations 分配，分派 alterable, alteration, alterations, altered, altering, alternate, alternating, alters, unalterable, unaltered alternatively, alternatives ambiguities, ambiguity, unambiguous, unambiguously 含糊的：难以理解的
albeit allocate alter alternative ambiguous amend analogy analyse annual anticipate apparent append appreciate approach appropriate approximate arbitrary area aspect assemble assess assign assist assume assure
amended, amending, amendment, amendments, amends 修正，修改（法律或文 件） analogies, analogous 类比，类推，比拟 analysed, analyser, analysers, analyses, analysing, analysis, analyst, analysts, analytic, analytical, analytically annually anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, unanticipated apparently appendix, appended, appends, appending, appendices, appendixes 附加，增补 （文字） appreciable, appreciably, appreciated, appreciates, appreciating, appreciation, unappreciated approachable, approached, approaches, approaching, unapproachable appropriacy, appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriacy, inappropriate, inappropriately approximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximations arbitrariness, arbitrarily 专横的，武断的;任意的 areas aspects assembled, assembles, assemblies, assembling, assembly assessable, assessed, assesses, assessing, assessment, assessments, reassess, reassessed, reassessing, reassessment, unassessed assigned, assigning, assignment, assignments, assigns, reassign, reassigned, reassigning, reassigns, unassigned assistance, assistant, assistants, assisted, assisting, assists, unassisted assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptions assurance, assurances, assured, assuredly, assures, assuring
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学术词汇表abandon v1 adjacent adj analogy n assist v1abandoned adj adjust v analyse v assistance nabnormal adj adjustment n analysis n assume vabstract adj 1 administration n analyst n assuming conjabstract n 2 administrative adj analytical adj assumption nabstract v3 adult n 1 analyze v assurance nabstraction n adult adj 2 annual adj 1 assure vacademic adj 1 advocacy n anticipate v attach vacademic n 2 advocate v 1 anticipation n attachment nacademy n advocate n 2 apparent adj attain vaccess n 1 affect v append v attainment naccess v 2 aggregate n 1 appendix n attitude naccessible adj aggregate adj 2 appreciable adj attributable adjaccommodate v aggregate v 3 appreciate v attribute v1accommodation n aid n 1 appreciation n attribute n2accompaniment n aid v 2 approach v 1 author n1accompany v albeit conj approach n 2 author v2accumulate v allocate v appropriate adj 1 authoritative adjaccuracy n allocation n approximate adj 1 authority naccurate adj alter v approximate v 2 authorship nachieve v alteration n approximation n automate vachievement n alternate adj 1 arbitrary adj automated adjacknowledge v alternate v 2 area n automatic adj1acknowledgement n alternative adj 1 aspect n automatically advacquire v alternative n 2 assemble v automation nacquisition n ambiguity n assemblyn available adjadapt v ambiguous adj assess v aware adjadaptable adj amend v assessment n awareness nadaptation n amendment n assign vadequate adj analogous adj assignment nAcademic Word Listbehalf n comment n 1 conflict v 2 contribute vbeneficial adj comment v 2 conform v contribution nbeneficiary n commentary n conformation n contributor nbenefit n 1 commentator n conformist adj controversial adjbenefit v 2 commission n 1 conformity n controversy nbias n 1 commission v 2 consensus n convene vbias v 2 commit v consent n 1 convention nbiased adj commitment n consent v 2 conventional adjbond n 1 committed adj consequence n converse adj3bond v 2 commodity n consequent adj conversely advbrevity n communicable adj consequently adv conversion nbrief adj 1 communicate v considerable adj convert v1brief n 2 communication n considerably adv convertible adj1brief v 3 communicative adj consist v convince vbriefing n community n consistency n convinced adjbriefly adv compatibility n consistent adj convincing adjbulk n 1 compatible adj 1 constancy n cooperate vbulky adj compensate v constant adj 1 cooperation ncompensation n constant n 2 cooperative adj1capability n compensatory adj constantly adv coordinate v1capable adj compilation n constituency n coordinate n2capacity n compile v constituent n 1 coordinate adj3category n complement n 1 constituent adj 2 coordination ncease v 1 complement v 2 constitute v coordinator nchallenge n 1 complementary adj constitution n core n1challenge v 2 complex adj 1 constitutional adj 1 core adj2challenging adj complex n 2 constrain v core v3channel n 1 complexity n constrained adj corporate adjchannel v 2 component n 1 constraint n corporation nchapter n component adj 2 construct v 1 correspond vchart n 1 compound n 1 construct n 2 correspondence nchart v 2 compound v 2 construction n corresponding adjchemical n 1 compound adj 3 constructive adj couple n1chemical adj 2 comprehensive adj consult v couple v2circumstance n comprise v consultancy n create vcitation n computation n consultant n creation ncite v compute v consultation n creative adj1civil adj computer n consultative adj creativity nclarification n computing n consume v creator nclarify v conceivable adj consumer n credit n1clarity n conceive v consumption n credit v2classic adj 1 concentrate v 1 contact n 1 creditor nclassic n 2 concentration n contact v 2 criterion nclassical adj concept n contact adj 3 crucial adjclause n conception n contemporary adj 1 cultural adjcode n 1 conceptual adj contemporary n 2 culturally advcode v 2conclude v context n culture n1coded adj concluding adj contextual adj currency ncoding n conclusion n contextualize v cycle n1coherence n conclusive adj contract n 1 cycle v2coherent adj concurrent adj contract v 2 cyclic adjcoincide v conduct v 1 contractor ncoincidence n conduct n 2 contradict v data ncoincident adj confer v contradiction n debatable adjcoincidental adj conference n contradictory adj debate n1collapse v 1 confine v contrary n 1 debate v2collapse n 2 confined adj contrary adj 2 decade ncolleague n confirm v contrast n 1 decline n1commence v confirmation n contrast v 2 decline v2commencement n conflict n 1 contrasting adj deduce v Academic Word Listdeduction n distribution n enormity n export n1define v distributive adj enormous adj export v2definite adj diverse ad j enormously adv exporter ndefinitely adv diversify v ensure v expose vdefinition n diversity n entity n exposed adjdefinitive ad j document n 1 environment n exposure ndemonstrable adj document v 2 environmental adj external adjdemonstrate v documentation n environmentalist n externalize vdemonstration n domain n equate v extract v1demonstrative adj domestic adj 1 equation n extract n2demonstrator n domesticate v equip v extraction ndenial n domesticated adj equipment ndenote v dominance n equivalent adj 1 facilitate vdeny v dominant adj 1 equivalent n 2 facilitator ndepress v dominate v erode v facility ndepression n draft n 1 erosion n factor n1derivation n draft v 2 erroneous adj factor v2derivative n 1 draft adj 3 error n feature n1derivative adj 2 drama n establish v feature v2derive v dramatic adj established ad j federal adjdesign n 1 dramatist n establishment n federation ndesign v 2 dramatize v estate n fee ndesigner n 1 duration n estimate n 1 file n1despite prep dynamic adj 1 estimate v 2 file v2detect v dynamic n 2 estimation n filing ndetection n ethic n final adj1detective n economic adj ethical adj final n2detector n economical adj ethnic adj 1 finality ndeviate v 1 economically adv ethnic n 2 finalize vdeviation n economics n evaluate v finally advdevice n economist n evaluation n finance n1devote v economy n 1 eventual adj finance v2devoted adj edit v eventuality n financial adjdevotion n edition n eventually adv financier ndifferentiate v editor n evidence n 1 finite adjdimension n editorial adj 1 evident adj flexibility ndiminish v editorial n 2 evidential adj flexible adjdiminution n element n evidently adv fluctuate vdiscrete adj eliminate v evolution n fluctuation ndiscretion n elimination n evolutionary adj focus v1discretionary adj emerge v evolve v focus n2discriminate v emergence n exceed v focussed adjdiscrimination n emergent adj exclude v format n1disestablish v emerging adj excluding prep format v2displace v emphasis n exclusion n formula ndisplacement n emphasize v exclusive adj 1 formulate vdisplay n 1 emphatic adj exclusively adv forthcoming adjdisplay v 2 empirical adj exhibit v 1found v2disposable adj empiricism n exhibit n 2 foundation ndisposal n enable v exhibition n founder n1dispose v enabling adj expand v founding ndisproportion n encounter v 1 expansion n framework ndisproportionate adj encounter n 2 expansionism n function n1dissimilar adj energetic adj expansive adj function v2distinct adj energy n expert n 1 functional adjdistinction n enforce v expert adj 2 fund n1distinctive adj enforced adj expertise n fund v2distinctly adv enforcement n explicit adj fundamental adjdistort v enhance v exploit v 1 fundamentally advdistribute v enhanced adj exploitation n funding nAcademic Word Listfurthermore adv inadequacy n injury n investigate vinadequate adj innovate v investigation ngender n inappropriate adj innovation n investigative adjgenerate v incapable adj innovative adj investigator ngeneration n incapacitate v innovator n investment nglobalization n incentive n input n 1 investor nglobe n incidence n input v 2 invisible adjgoal n incident n insecure adj invoke vgrade n 1 incidentally adv insert v 1 involve vgrade v 2 inclination n insertion ninvolvement ngraded adj incline v 1 insight n irrational adjgrant v 1 incline n 2 insightful adj irrelevance ngrant n 2 incoherent adj insignificant adj irrelevant adjguarantee v 1 income n inspect v irreversible adjguarantee n 2 incompatible adj inspection n isolate vguideline n inconceivable adj inspector n isolated adjinconclusive adj instability n isolation nhence adv inconsistency n instance n 1 isolationism nhierarchical adj inconsistent adj instance v 2 issue n1hierarchy n incorporate v institute n 1 issue v2highlight v 1 incorporated adj institute v 2 item nhypothesis n indefinite adj institution nhypothesize v indefinitely adv institutional adj job nhypothetical adj index n 1 institutionalized adj journal nindex v 2 instruct v justifiable adjidentical adj indicate v instruction n justification nidentifiable adj indication n instructive adj justified adjidentification n indicative n 1 instructor n justify videntify v indicative adj 2 insufficient adjidentity n indicator n integral adj label n1ideological adj indiscretion n integrate v label v2ideology n indistinct adj integrated adj labor nignorance n individual adj 1 integration n labored adjignorant adj individual n 2 integrity n labour n1ignore v individualism n intelligence n labour v2illegal adj 1 individualist n intelligent adj laboured adjillogical adj individuality n intense adj layer n1illustrate v individually adv intensify v layer v2illustration n induce v intensity n lecture n1illustrative adj induction n intensive adj lecture v2image n inevitability n interact v lecturer nimagery n inevitable adj interaction n legal adjimmature adj inevitably adv interactive adj legality nimmigrant n infer v intermediate adj 1 legally advimmigrate v inference n internal adj legislate vimmigration n infinite adj internalize v legislation nimpact n 1 infinitely adv interpret v legislative adjimpact v 2 inflexible adj interpretation n legislator nimplement v 1 infrastructure n interpretative adj legislature nimplement n 2 inherent adj interpretive adj levy v1implicate v inhibit v interval n levy n2implication n inhibition n intervene v liberal adj1implicit adj initial adj 1 intervening adj liberal n2imply v initially adv intervention n liberalism nimpose v initiate v 1 intrinsic adj liberalize vimposition n initiation n invalidate v liberally advimprecise adj initiative n invalidity n liberate vinaccessible adj initiator n invariable adj liberated adjinaccuracy n injure v invariably adv licence ninaccurate adj injured adj invest v license v Academic Word Listlicensed adj motivation n overestimate n 2 precise adjlikewise adv motive n 1 overlap v 1 precisely advlink v 1 motive adj 2 overlap n 2 precision n1link n 2 mutual adj overseas adv 1 precision adj2linkage n mutually adv overseas adj 2 predict vlocate v predictable adjlocation n negate v panel n prediction nlogic n negative adj 1 paradigm n predominance nlogical adj negative n 2 paragraph n predominant adjlogician n network n 1 parallel n 1 predominantly advnetwork v 2 parallel adj 2 predominate vmaintain v networking n parallel v 3 preliminary adj1maintenance n neutral adj 1 parameter n preliminary n2major adj 1 neutrality n participant n presumably advmajority n neutralize v participate v presume vmanipulate v nevertheless adv participation n presumption nmanipulative adj nonconformist n participatory adj previous adjmanual adj 1 nonetheless adv partner n 1 previously advmanual n 2 norm n partnership n primacy nmargin n normal adj 1 passive adj 1 primarily advmarginal adj normal n 2 passive n 2 primary adj1marginally adv normality n perceive v prime adj1maturation n normalize v percent adj 1 principal adj1mature adj 1 normally adv percent n 2 principally advmature v 2 notion n percentage n principle nmaturity n notwithstanding prep perception n principled adjmaximize v nuclear adj period n 1 prior adj1maximum adj 1 periodic adj prioritize vmaximum n 2 objective n 1 periodical n priority n1mechanism n objective adj 2 persist v procedural adjmedia n objectively adv persistence n procedure nmediate v obtain v persistent adj proceed vmedical adj 1 obtainable adj perspective n proceeding nmedium adj 1 obvious adj phase n 1 proceeds nmedium n 2 obviously adv phase v 2 process n1mental adj occupancy n phenomenal adj process v2mentality n occupant n phenomenon n processed adjmethod n occupation n philosopher n professional adj1methodical adj occupational adj philosophical adj professional n2methodology n occupier n philosophize v professionalism nmigrant n occupy v philosophy n professionally advmigrate v occur v physical adj 1 prohibit vmigration n occurrence n physically adv prohibition nmigratory adj odd adj plus prep 1 prohibitive adjmilitary adj 1 odds n plus n 2 project n1military n 2 offset v 1 plus adj 3 project v2minimal adj ongoing adj policy n projection nminimize v option n portion n 1 promote vminimum adj 1 optional adj pose v 1 promoter nminimum n 2 orient v 1 pose n 2 promotion nministerial adj orientate v positive adj 1 proportion n1ministry n orientated adj positively adv proportional adjminor adj 1 orientation n potential adj 1 proportionate adjminority n oriented adj potential n 2 prospect n1misinterpret v outcome n potentially adv prospective adjmode n output n 1 practitioner n protocol nmodification n output v 2 precede v psychological adjmodify v overall adj 1 precedence n psychologist nmonitor v 1 overall adv 2 precedent n psychology nmotivated adj overestimate v 1 preceding adj publication nAcademic Word Listpublish v relevant adj revolutionize v stable adj1publisher n reliable adj rigid adj statistic npublishing n reliance n role n statistician npurchase v 1 reliant adj route n 1 status npurchase n 2 relocate v route v 2 straightforward adjpursue v reluctance n strategic adjpursuit n reluctant adj scenario n strategist nrely v schedule n 1 strategy nqualitative adj removable adj schedule v 2 stress n1quotation n removal n schematic adj stress v2quote v 1 remove v 1 scheme n 1 stressed adjquote n 2 remove n 2 scheme v 2 stressful adjrequire v scope n 1 structural adjradical adj 1 requirement n section n 1 structure n1radical n 2 reschedule v section v 2 structure v2random adj research n 1 sector n structured adjrange n 1 research v 2 secure adj 1 style n1range v 2 reside v secure v 2 style v2ratio n residence n securely adv styling nrational adj resident n 1 security n stylish adjrationalism n resident adj 2 seek v stylized adjrationalize v residential adj select v 1 submission nreact v resolution n select adj 2 submit vreaction n resolve v 1 selection n subordinate adj1reactionary adj 1 resolve n 2 selective adj subordinate n2reactionary n 2 resource n 1 selector n subordinate v3reactivate v resource v 2 sequence n subsequent adjreactive adj resourceful adj sequencing n subsequently advreactor n respond v sequential adj subsidiary adj2readjust v respondent n series n subsidize vreassess v response n sex n 1 subsidy nreconstruct v responsive adj sexism n substitute n1reconstruction n restoration n sexual adj substitute v2recover v restore v sexuality n substitution nrecovery n restored adj shift v 1 succession nrecreate v restrain v shift n 2 successive adjredistribute v restraint n significant adj successor nredistribution n restrict v significantly adv sufficiency nrefine v restricted adj signify v sufficient adjrefined adj restriction n similar adj sum n1refinement n restrictive adj similarity n sum v2regime n restructure v similarly adv summarize vregion n retain v simulate v summary n1regional adj retainer n simulated adj summaryadj2register n 1 retention n simulation n summation nregister v 2 retentive adj site n 1 supplement n1registration n reveal v sole adj 1 supplement v2regulate v revealing adj solely adv supplementary adjregulation n 1 revelation n somewhat adv survey n1regulator n revenue n source n 1 survey v2regulatory adj reversal n source v 2 survival nreinforce v reverse v 1 specific adj 1 survive vreinforcement n reverse n 2 specific n 2 survivor nreinvest v reverse adj 3 specifically adv suspend vreject v 1 reversible adj specification n suspension nrejection n revise v specify v sustain vrelax v revision n sphere n sustainable adjrelaxation n revolution n spherical adj sustained adjrelease v 1 revolutionary adj 1 stability n sustenance nrelease n 2 revolutionary n 2 stabilize v symbol n Academic Word Listsymbolic adj ultimate adj 1 valid adjsymbolism n ultimately adv validate vsymbolize v unaccompanied adj variable adj1unaffected adj variable n2tape n 1 unaided adj variance ntape v 2 unalterable adj variant ntarget n 1 unambiguous adj variation ntarget v 2 unanticipated adj varied adjtask n 1 unapproachable adj vary vtask v 2 unattached adj vehicle nteam n 1 unattainable adj version nteam v 2 unavailable adj via preptechnical adj unaware adj violate vtechnically adv unbiased adj violation ntechnique n uncharted adj virtual adjtechnological adj unconstitutional adj virtually advtechnology n unconventional adj visibility ntemporary adj undeniable adj visible adj tense adj 1 underestimate v 1 visibly adv tension n underestimate n 2 vision n terminal adj 1 undergo v visual adj1 terminal n 2 underlie v visualize v terminate v underlying adj visually adv termination n undertake v volume ntext n 1 undertaking n voluntarily adv textual adj underwent v voluntary adj1 thematic adj undiminished adj volunteer n1 theme n uneconomical adj volunteer v2 theoretical adj unethical adjtheoretically adv unfounded adj welfare n theorist n unification n whereas conj theory n unified adj whereby adv thereby adv uniform adj 2 widespread adj thesis n uniformity ntopic n unify vtopical adj unique adjtrace v 1 unjustified adjtrace n 2 unlicensed adjtracing n unobtainable adjtradition n unparalleled adj traditional adj unprecedented adj traditionalist n unpredictable adj transfer v 1 unprincipled adj transfer n 2 unpublished adj transference n unregulated adj transform v unreliable adj transformation n unresolved adj transit n unresponsive adj transition n unrestrained adj transitional adj unrestricted adj transitory adj unscheduled adj transmission n unspecified adj transmit v unstable adjtransport n 1 unstressed adj transport v 2 unstructured adj transportation n unsustainable adj transporter n utility ntrend n utilize vtrigger n1trigger v2。