学术词汇表_Academic_Word_List
awl学术词汇表pdf
awl学术词汇表pdf摘要：一、引言1.介绍awl 学术词汇表2.阐述其在学术写作中的重要性二、awl 学术词汇表的概述1.什么是awl 学术词汇表2.awl 学术词汇表的内容和结构3.awl 学术词汇表的目的和作用三、awl 学术词汇表在学术写作中的应用1.提升写作的准确性和专业性2.提高论文的质量和影响力3.有助于论文的检索和阅读四、如何有效地使用awl 学术词汇表1.熟悉和掌握词汇表的内容2.在写作过程中适时使用词汇表3.结合实际研究灵活运用词汇五、结论1.总结awl 学术词汇表在学术写作中的重要性2.强调熟练运用词汇表提升写作质量正文：一、引言awl 学术词汇表（Academic Word List）是一个涵盖了大量学术领域常用词汇的列表，对于学术写作具有重要的参考价值。
本文将详细介绍awl 学术词汇表，并探讨其在学术写作中的重要性以及如何有效地运用它来提升写作质量。
二、awl 学术词汇表的概述1.什么是awl 学术词汇表awl 学术词汇表是由英国学术语言专家Craig 博士和Halliday 博士于2004 年编制的一份词汇表，旨在帮助学术作者提高写作的准确性和专业性。
该词汇表包含了大学学术写作中经常使用的词汇，共计2,130 个单词。
2.awl 学术词汇表的内容和结构awl 学术词汇表分为10 个等级，从等级1 至等级10，每个等级包含的词汇数量逐渐增加。
等级1 包含最基础的学术词汇，适用于初学者；等级10 则包含了较为高级的学术词汇，适用于熟练的学术作者。
3.awl 学术词汇表的目的和作用awl 学术词汇表的主要目的是帮助学术作者在写作过程中选择合适的词汇来表达思想，提高写作的专业性和准确性。
通过对该词汇表的学习和运用，作者可以更好地传达研究内容，提升论文的质量和影响力。
三、awl 学术词汇表在学术写作中的应用1.提升写作的准确性和专业性熟练掌握和运用awl 学术词汇表中的词汇，可以避免使用过于通俗或过于复杂的词汇，使写作更加精确和专业。
英语学术词汇表
《英语学术词汇表》第1组《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word List, AWL)是一个由Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表，它包含了学术英语(English for Academic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)。
《英语学术词汇表》分10个sublists (小类)，除了第10小类包含30个词目外，其他小类均含有60个词目。
Sublist 1（第1类）包含的词汇最常用，sublist 2（第2类）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalysisapproachareaassessmentassumeauthorityavailablebenefitconceptconsistentconstitutionalcontextcontractcreatedatadefinitionderiveddistributioneconomicenvironmentestablishedestimateevidenceexportfinancial formula function identified income indicate individual interpretation involved issueslabourlegal legislation major method occur percent periodpolicy principle procedure process required research responserolesection sector significant similar source specific structurevariableSublist 2 of the Academic Word ListachieveacquisitionadministrationaffectappropriateaspectsassistancecategorieschaptercommissioncommunitycomplexcomputerconclusionconductconsequencesconstructionconsumercreditculturaldesigndistinctionelementsequationevaluationfeaturesfinalfocusimpactinjuryinvestmentitemsjournalmaintenancenormalobtainedparticipationperceivedpositivepotentialpreviousprimarypurchaserangeregionregulationsrelevantresidentresourcesrestrictedsecuritysoughtselectsitestrategiessurveytexttraditionaltransferSublist 3 of the Academic Word List alternativecircumstancescommentscompensation components consent considerable constant constraints contribution convention coordination core corporate corresponding criteria deduction demonstrate document dominant emphasis ensure excluded framework funds illustrated immigration impliesinitial instance interaction justification layerlinklocation maximum minoritiesnegativeoutcomespartnershipphilosophyphysicalproportionpublishedreactionregisteredrelianceremovedschemesequencesexshiftspecifiedsufficienttasktechnicaltechniquestechnologyvalidityvolumeSublist 4 of the Academic Word List accessadequateannualapparentapproximatedattitudesattributedcivilcodecommitmentcommunication concentration conference contrastcycledebate despite dimensions domestic emergederrorethnicgoalsgrantedhence hypothesis implementation implications imposed integration internal investigation joblabel mechanism obvious occupational optionoutputoverall parallel parameters phase predictedprincipalpriorprofessionalprojectpromoteregimeresolutionretainedseriesstatisticsstatusstresssubsequentsumsummaryundertakenSublist 5 of the Academic Word List academicadjustmentalteramendmentawarecapacitychallengeclausecompoundsconflictconsultationcontactdeclinediscretiondraftenableenergyenforcement entities equivalent evolution expansion exposure external facilitate fundamental generated generation image liberal licence logic marginal medical mental modified monitoring network notion objective orientation perspective precise prime psychology pursueratio rejected revenue stability stylessubstitutionsustainablesymbolictargettransitiontrendversionwelfarewhereasSublist 6 of the Academic Word List abstractaccurateacknowledgedaggregateallocationassignedattachedauthorbondbriefcapablecitedcooperativediscriminationdisplaydiversitydomaineditionenhancedestateexceedexpertexplicitfederalfeesflexibility furthermore gender ignored incentive incidence incorporated index inhibition initiatives input instructions intelligence interval lecture migration minimum ministry motivation neutral nevertheless overseas preceding presumption rational recovery revealed scope subsidiary tapestrace transformation transportutilitySublist 7 of the Academic Word List adaptationadultsadvocateaidchannelchemicalclassicalcomprehensivecompriseconfirmedcontraryconvertedcoupledecadesdefinitedenydifferentiationdisposaldynamiceliminateempiricalequipmentextractfilefinitefoundationglobalgradeguaranteehierarchicalidenticalinferredinnovationinsertinterventionisolatedmediamodeparadigmphenomenonpriorityprohibitedpublicationquotationreleasereversesimulationsolelysomewhatsubmittedsuccessivesurvivethesistopictransmissionultimatelyuniquevisiblevoluntarySublist 8 of the Academic Word Listabandonaccompaniedaccumulationappendix appreciation arbitrary automatically biaschartclarity conformity commodity complement contemporary contradiction crucial currency denote detected deviation displacement dramatic eventually exhibit exploitation fluctuations guidelines highlighted implicit induced inevitably infrastructure inspection intensity manipulation minimisednuclearoffset paragraph plus practitioners predominantly prospect radical random reinforced restore revision schedule tension termination theme thereby uniform vehicleviavirtually widespread visual。
【优质】英语学术词汇表
【优质】英语学术词汇表《英语学术词汇表》第1组《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word List, AWL)是一个由Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表，它包含了学术英语(English for Academic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)。
《英语学术词汇表》分10个sublists (小类)，除了第10小类包含30个词目外，其他小类均含有60个词目。
Sublist 1（第1类）包含的词汇最常用，sublist 2（第2类）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalysisapproachareaassessmentassumeauthorityavailablebenefitconceptconsistentconstitutionalcontextcontractcreatedatadefinitionderiveddistributioneconomicenvironmentestablishedestimateevidenceexportfactors financial formula function identified income indicate individual interpretation involved issueslabourlegal legislation major method occur percent periodpolicy principle procedure process required research responserolesection sector significant similar source specific structuretheoryvariableSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveacquisitionadministrationaffectappropriateaspectsassistancecategorieschaptercommissioncommunitycomplexcomputerconclusionconduct consequences construction consumer credit cultural design distinction elements equation evaluation featuresfinalfocus impact injury institute investment items journal maintenance normal obtained participation perceived positive potential previous primary purchaserangeregionregulationsrelevantresidentresourcesrestrictedsecuritysoughtselectsitestrategiessurveytexttraditionaltransferSublist 3 of the Academic Word List alternativecircumstancescommentscompensation components consent considerable constant constraints contribution convention coordination core corporate corresponding criteria deduction demonstrate document dominant emphasis ensure excluded framework funds illustrated immigration impliesinitial instance interaction justification layerlinklocation maximum minoritiesnegativeoutcomespartnershipphilosophyphysicalproportionpublishedreactionregisteredrelianceremovedschemesequencesexshiftspecifiedsufficienttasktechnicaltechniquestechnologyvalidityvolumeSublist 4 of the Academic Word List access adequateannualapparentapproximatedattitudesattributedcivilcodecommitmentcommunication concentration conference contrastcycledebate despite dimensions domestic emergederrorethnicgoalsgrantedhence hypothesis implementation implications imposed integration internal investigation joblabel mechanism obvious occupational optionoutputoverall parallel parameters phase predictedprincipalpriorprofessionalprojectpromoteregimeresolutionretainedseriesstatisticsstatusstresssubsequentsumsummaryundertakenSublist 5 of the Academic Word List academicadjustmentalteramendmentawarecapacitychallengeclausecompoundsconflictconsultationcontactdeclinediscretiondraftenableenergyenforcement entities equivalent evolution expansion exposure external facilitate fundamental generated generation image liberal licence logic marginal medical mental modified monitoring network notion objective orientation perspective precise prime psychology pursueratio rejected revenue stability stylessubstitutionsustainablesymbolictargettransitiontrendversionwelfarewhereasSublist 6 of the Academic Word List abstractaccurateacknowledgedaggregateallocationassignedattachedauthorbondbriefcapablecitedcooperativediscriminationdisplaydiversitydomaineditionenhancedestateexceedexpertexplicitfederalfeesflexibility furthermore gender ignored incentive incidence incorporated index inhibition initiatives input instructions intelligence interval lecture migration minimum ministry motivation neutral nevertheless overseas preceding presumption rational recovery revealed scope subsidiary tapestrace transformation transportunderlyingutilitySublist 7 of the Academic Word List adaptation adultsadvocateaidchannelchemicalclassicalcomprehensivecompriseconfirmedcontraryconvertedcoupledecadesdefinitedenydifferentiationdisposaldynamiceliminateempiricalequipmentextractfilefinitefoundationglobalgrade guarantee hierarchical identical ideology inferred innovation insert intervention isolated media mode paradigm phenomenon priority prohibited publication quotation release reverse simulation solely somewhat submitted successive survive thesistopic transmission ultimatelyuniquevisiblevoluntarySublist 8 of the Academic Word Listabandonaccompaniedaccumulationambiguous appendix appreciation arbitrary automatically biaschartclarity conformity commodity complement contemporary contradiction crucial currency denote detected deviation displacement dramatic eventually exhibit exploitation fluctuations guidelines highlighted implicit induced inevitably infrastructure inspection intensity manipulation minimised nuclearoffset paragraph plus practitioners predominantly prospect radical random reinforced restore revision schedule tension termination theme thereby uniform vehicleviavirtually widespread visual。
(完整word版)ACADEMIC-WORD-LIST
Sublist 1•analyze [ˈænəlaiz] vt.〈美〉分析, 分解, 解释•constitute [ˈkɔnstitju:t] vt.构成, 组成建立, 制定选定, 任命•establish [isˈtæbliʃ] vt.建立, 成立安置确定, 证实•indicate [ˈindikeit] vt.标示, 指示, 指出象征; 表明或暗示…的可能性•occur [əˈkə:] vi.发生; 举行; 存在被发现; 想到[起]•role [rəul] n.作用, 职责角色•approac.[əˈprəutʃ.n.靠近.接近.临近通路.入口.途径方式.方.vt.接洽.交涉.着手处.vt..vi.接近.走近.靠近•context [ˈkɔntekst] n.背景, 环境上下文, 语境•estimat.[ˈestimeit.n.估计.估价报价判.vt..vi.估计.评价.评估•individual [ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的独特的n.个人人•percent [pəˈsent] n.百分比,百分数•section [ˈsekʃən] n.章节部分部门, 科截面, 剖面地区, 区•area [ˈɛəriə] n.面积区域, 地区领域, 方面•contrac.[kənˈtrækt.n.契约.合.vt.缔结.订契.vt..vi.染上(恶习.疾病等)缩小.紧缩•evident [ˈevidənt] adj.明显的, 明白的•interpre.[inˈtə:prit.vt.解释.说.vt..vi.口译.翻译•period [ˈpiəriəd] n.(一段)时间时期, 时代学时, 课时句号, 句点•sector [ˈsektə] n.部门; 领域防御地区, 防卫区域扇形, 扇形面•assess [əˈses] vt.估价, 估计评定, 核定•create [kriˈeit] vt.创造, 创作, 创建引起, 产生•expor.[eksˈpɔ:t.n.输出.出口输出[出口].vt..vi.出口.输出•involve [inˈvɔlv] vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果; 需要使参与, 牵涉•policy [ˈpɔləsi] n.政策, 方针策略, 精明的行为, 上策保险单•significant [siɡˈnifikənt] adj.重要的, 重大的, 可观的有意义的, 有用意的意味深长的•assume [əˈsju:m] vt.假设, 臆断, 猜想假装承担, 担任, 就职呈现, 采取•data [ˈdeitə] n.资料, 材料•factor [ˈfæktə] n.因素, 要素〈数〉因子, 因数•issue [ˈisju:] n.问题, 议题; 争论点发行物放出, 流出; 发出, 发行〈正〉结果, 结局vi.冒出, 流出; 传出vt.出版, 发行发表, 发布分配, 发给•principle [ˈprinsəpl] n.原则, 原理准则, 规范操守, 道义工作原理•similar [ˈsimilə] adj.类似的; 同类的; 相似的; 同样的•authority [ɔ:ˈθɔriti] n.权力, 职权官方, 当局权威, 专家•define [diˈfain] vt.精确地解释; 界定规定, 确定•finance [faiˈnæns] n.财政, 金融财源, 资金, 财务情况vt.为…供给资金, 从事金融活动•labour [ˈleibə] n.劳动, 努力; 工作劳工, 工人分娩, (分娩时的)阵痛vi.劳动; 努力艰难行进•proceed [prəˈsi:d] vi.前进; 行进进行; 继续下去•source [sɔ:s] n.河流的源头, 发源地来源, 出处原因提供资料者, 资料来源•available [əˈveiləbl] adj.可用的或可得到的可会见的, 可与之交谈的•deriv.[diˈraiv.vt..vi.得到源于•formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə] n.准则, 原则公式, 方程式配方•legal [ˈli:ɡəl] adj.法律上的; 合法的; 法定的•process [ˈprəuses] n.过程, 进程工序, 制作法vi.列队行进vt.加工; 处理•specific [spiˈsifik] adj.明确的, 确切的, 详尽的具体的, 特有的, 特定的仅限于…的; 只发现于…的n.特效药具体方面, 细节•benefi.[ˈbenifit.n.益处.好处救济金.保险.vt..vi.有益于.得益•distribute [disˈtribju:t] vt.分配, 分给散发; 散播; 分布•function [ˈfʌŋkʃən] n.功能; 作用; 职责函数; 与另一事物有密切关系的事物社交集会vi.工作, 运行, 起作用•legislat.[ˈledʒisleit.vt..vi.立法.制定法律•require [riˈkwaiə] vt.有赖于…; 需要命令, 指示要求, 规定想要•structure [ˈstrʌktʃə] n.结构, 构造有结构的事物; 复杂的整体; 建筑物vt.组织; 安排;构造; 制定•concept [ˈkɔnsept] n.概念; 观念; 想法•economy [iˈkɔnəmi] n.节约, 节省经济体制, 经济状况•identif.[aiˈdentifai.vt.认出.识别支持.同.vt..vi.等同于.有关联•major [ˈmeidʒə] adj.较大的; 主要的; 严重的n.少校专业; 主修科目vi.〈美〉主修, 专攻•research [riˈsə:tʃ] n.研究; 探讨vi.做研究, 探究, 研究, 探讨vt.从事…的研究, 为…而做研究•theory [ˈθiəri] n.学说理论, 原理意见, 看法•consist [kənˈsist] vi.组成, 构成在于, 存在于•environment [inˈvaiərənmənt] n.环境, 周围状况, 自然环境•income [ˈinkəm] n.收入, 所得, 收益•method [ˈmeθəd] n.方法, 办法秩序, 条理•respon.[riˈspɔnd.vi.有反应.有效果.有影.vt..vi.回答.回报.响应var.[ˈvɛəri.vi.呈现不.vt..vi.(使)变化.改变Sublist 2•achieve [əˈtʃi:v] vt.取得, 获得实现, 达到, 完成•community [kəˈmju:niti] n.社区, 社会, 团体大众, 公众共有, 共享•desig.[diˈzain.n.图样.设计图设计.布局目的.打.vt.计划.筹.vt..vi.设计.绘制•institute [ˈinstitju:t] n.协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院vt.建立, 制定; 开始, 着手•potential [pəˈtenʃəl] adj.潜在的, 有可能的n.潜力, 潜势, 可能性•restrict [risˈtrikt] vt.限制; 约束•acquire [əˈkwaiə] vt.获得, 得到, 养成•complex [ˈkɔmpleks] adj.由许多部分组成的, 复合的复杂的, 难懂的n.综合体, 集合体〈心〉情结, 夸大的情绪反应•distinct [disˈtiŋkt] adj.截然不同的, 完全分开的清晰的, 明白的, 明显的•inves.[inˈvest.vt.授.vt..vi.投资.花费•previous [ˈpri:viəs] adj.先前的, 以前的过早的, 过急的•secure [siˈkjuə] adj.牢固的; 可靠的有把握的; 确切的vt.握紧; 关牢使安全(使)获得;把…弄到手•administer [ədˈministə] vt.管理, 支配给予执行, 实施•compute [kəmˈpju:t] vt.计算, 估算•element [ˈelimənt] n.(化学)元素成分, 要素, 原件一伙人基础, 纲要, 原理•item [ˈaitəm] n.一项, 一件, 一条; 项目•primary [ˈpraiməri] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最初的; 初级的•see.[si:k.vi.企图.试.vt.请求.征求.求.vt..vi.寻找.探寻•affect [əˈfekt] vt.影响感动假装•conclud.[kənˈklu:d.vt.得出结论.断定决.vt..vi.结束•equate [iˈkweit] vt.认为某事物(与另一事物)相等或相仿•journal [ˈdʒə:nl] n.杂志, 期刊日志, 日记•purchase [ˈpə:tʃəs] n.购买, 购置买到的东西vt.购买•select [siˈlekt] adj.精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的, 选择严格的vt.选择; 挑选•appropriate [əˈprəupriit] adj.适当的, 恰当的vt.挪用; 占用; 盗用拨出(款项)•conduc.[kənˈdʌkt.n.举止.行为管理(方式).实施(方式.vt..vi.引导.带领.担任指挥控制.管理传导•evaluate [iˈvæljueit] vt.评价, 估计, 估价•maintain [meinˈtein] vt.保持; 继续保养, 维护坚持; 主张供给; 赡养•range [reindʒ] n.一系列变化幅度, 范围射程, 距离(山)脉vi.变化vt.排列•site [sait] n.位置, 场所, 地点vt.使坐落在; 设置•aspect [ˈæspekt] n.方面方位, 朝向面貌, 模样, 神态•consequent [ˈkɔnsikwənt] adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的•feature [ˈfi:tʃə] n.特征, 特色面貌, 相貌特写, 专题节目(电影的)正片, 故事片•normal [ˈnɔ:məl] adj.正常的, 平常的正规的; 标准的•region [ˈri:dʒən] n.地区; 地带; 区域; 范围•strategy [ˈstrætidʒi] n.战略学, 兵法战略, 策略策略, 计谋•assis.[əˈsist.vt..vi.帮助.促进•construct [kənˈstrʌkt] vt.修建, 建立构成, 组成•final [ˈfainəl] adj.最后的, 最终的决定性的, 确定性的n.决赛(大学的)期终考试•obtain [əbˈtein] vi.通行; 流行vt.获得, 得到; 买到•regulate [ˈreɡjuleit] vt.控制, 管理调整; 调节•survey [səˈvei] n.调查vt.眺望; 纵览测量; 勘察检查, 鉴定通盘考虑, 回顾•category [ˈkætiɡəri] n.种类, 类别•consume [kənˈsju:m] vt.消耗, 消费, 耗尽大吃, 大喝烧毁, 毁灭•focu.[ˈfəukəs.n.焦点.焦距.中.vt..vi.(使)集中.(使)聚集调整(镜头.眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清•participat.[pɑ:ˈtisipeit.vt..vi.参加.参与•relevant [ˈreləvənt] adj.有关的, 切题的•text [tekst] n.正文, 本文原文, 全文教科书, 课本•chapter [ˈtʃæptə] n.章, 回, 篇•credit [ˈkredit] n.赊购; 赊购制度存款; 存款数额借款; 贷款赞扬, 荣誉, 功劳信任, 相信学分vt.相信, 信任把…记入贷方, 存入(账户)•impac.[ˈimpækt.n.影响.作用冲击(力).碰.vt..vi.对某事物有影响•perceive [pəˈsi:v] vt.感觉, 察觉, 理解•reside [riˈzaid] vi.居住; 定居•tradition [trəˈdiʃən] n.传统惯例•commission [kəˈmiʃən] n.授权, 委托委员会佣金, 回扣vt.委任, 委托•culture [ˈkʌltʃə] n.文化休养, 教养, 精神文明养殖, 培养, 栽培vt.培植, 培养•injure [ˈindʒə] vt.伤害, 损害•positive [ˈpɔzitiv] adj.确实的, 明确的积极的; 肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的, 确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的, 阳性的完全的; 纯粹的n.〈语〉原级形容词确实; 正量, 正数正片•resource [riˈsɔ:s] n.资源(必要时可给予)帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智; 机敏; 创造精神transfe.[trænsˈfə:.n.转移.转让.转录中转.换乘.改变路.vt.转.vt..vi.转移.迁移Sublist 3•alternative [ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv] adj.两者择一的, 供替代的不寻常的, 非传统性的非正统的n.取舍, 抉择, 可供选择的事物选择的余地, 可供选择的机会•conven.[kənˈvi:n.vt..vi.召开.召集•emphasis [ˈemfəsis] n.强调, 重点•interact [ˌɪntərˈækt] vi.相互作用[影响], 互相配合•philosophy [fiˈlɔsəfi] n.哲学人生哲学, 人生观达观•sex [seks] n.性别; 性男性; 女性性关系性活动, 性行为•circumstance [ˈsə:kəmstəns] n.环境, 条件, 情况境遇, 经济状况•coordinate [kəuˈɔ:dineit] adj.同等的, 并列的n.〈数〉坐标vt.使协调; 使调和•ensure [inˈʃuə] vt.确保, 担保担保获得[避免]•justify [ˈdʒʌstifai] vt.证明…有理; 为…辩护•physical [ˈfizikəl] adj.身体的, 肉体的物质的自然规律的, 按自然法则的自然(界)的物理学的n.身体检查, 体格检查•shif.[ʃift.n.转换.转变轮[换]班轮班工人计谋.手段切换.vi.快速行.vt..vi.改变.变换.转移.移动去掉.摆脱掉换挡•commen.[ˈkɔment.n.评论.意见.解释.批.vt..vi.评论.谈论•core [kɔ:] n.果核核心, 精髓, 要点•exclude [iksˈklu:d] vt.排除; 不包括在内•layer [ˈleiə] n.层, 层次•proportion [prəˈpɔ:ʃən] n.均衡; 相称, 协调一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系; 比例部分; 份儿•specify [ˈspesifai] vt.详述指定•compensat.[ˈkɔmpenseit.vt..vi.补偿.报酬•corporate [ˈkɔ:pərit] adj.社团的, 法人的•framework [ˈfreimwə:k] n.构架; 结构•lin.[liŋk.n.环.联系.纽.vt..vi.连接.联系•publis.[ˈpʌbliʃ.vt..vi.出版公布•sufficient [səˈfiʃənt] adj.足够的; 充足的•component [kəmˈpəunənt] n.成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件•correspond [ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd] vi.相符合, 相一致相当, 相类似通信•fund [fʌnd] n.基金, 专款现款; 资金储备, 蕴藏vt.为…提供资金, 给…拨款•locat.[ləuˈkeit.vt.找出.指出(地点或位置.vt..vi.(在…)设置.坐落于•react [riˈækt] vi.起反应; 有影响反对; 对抗•task [tɑ:sk] n.工作; 任务; 差事•consent [kənˈsent] n.准许, 同意, 赞成vi.同意; 赞成•criteria [kraɪˈtɪərɪə] n.标准•illustrate [ˈiləstreit] vt.给…加插图说明, 阐明; 表明•maximise [ˈmæksimaiz] vt.使(某事物)增至最大限度最大限度地利用(某事物)•registe.[ˈredʒistə.n.登记(表).注册(簿)记录器暖气.调风.vt..vi.记录.登记.注册显出注意到.记住•technical [ˈteknikəl] adj.技术的; 应用科学的艺术的, 工艺的(指书等)要求有专门知识的, 使用术语的, 专业的•considerable [kənˈsidərəbl] adj.相当大(或多)的•deduce [diˈdju:s] vt.推论, 演绎•immigrate [ˈimiɡreit] vi.移入•minor [ˈmainə] adj.较小的, 较少的, 低级的, 次要的n.未成年人副修科目•rely [riˈlai] vi.信任; 信赖; 依赖, 依靠•technique [tekˈni:k] n.技巧, 手法, 技术技能•constant [ˈkɔnstənt] adj.始终如一的, 恒久不变的不断的, 连续发生的忠实的, 忠诚的•demonstrate [ˈdemənstreit] vi.举行示威游行(或集会) vt.说明, 演示论证, 证明显示, 表露•imply [imˈplai] vt.暗示, 暗指必然包含•negate [niˈɡeit] vt.取消, 使无效否定; 否认•remove [riˈmu:v] vi.迁移; 移居vt.移走; 排除开除•technology [tekˈnɔlədʒi] n.科技(总称); 工艺; 应用科学工业技术•constrain [kənˈstrein] vt.强迫, 强使; 限制, 约束•document [ˈdɔkjumənt] n.公文, 文件, 文献vt.证明记录, 记载•initial [iˈniʃəl] adj.最初的, 开头的•outcome [ˈautkʌm] n.结果•schem.[ski:m.n.阴谋.诡计计划.方.vt..vi.策划.图谋•valid [ˈvælid] adj.正当的, 有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的•contribut.[kənˈtribjut.vi.起促成作.vt..vi.捐献.捐助.贡献出撰稿.投稿•dominat.[ˈdɔmineit.vt.耸立于.俯.vt..vi.控制.支配.统治在…中占首要地位•instance [ˈinstəns] n.例子, 实例•partner [ˈpɑ:tnə] n.伙伴, 同伙, 合伙人, 股东同伴, 搭档配偶, 情人vt.做…的搭档•sequence [ˈsi:kwəns] n.有关联的一组事物, 一连串先后次序, 顺序, 连续•volume [ˈvɔlju:m] n.卷, 册, 书卷体积; 容积, 容量音量, 响度Sublist 4•access [ˈækses] n.通道, 入口接近[取得]…的方法[权利等] vt.存取(计算机文件)•communicat.[kəˈmju:nikeit.vi.通讯.交际.交流相连.相.vt..vi.传达.表达•error [ˈerə] n.错误过失, 失误•internal [inˈtə:nəl] adj.内部的国内的, 内政的体内的•parallel [ˈpærəlel] adj.(指至少两条线)平行的类似的; 相对应的n.平行线[面]极相似的人[事物]类似(点), 相似(之处)比较纬线, 纬圈vt.与…平行; 与…相当•resolv.[riˈzɔlv.vt.(指委员会或集会)表决解决(问题、疑问等)分解.解析(某物.vt..vi.决定.决心•adequate [ˈædikwit] adj.充分的, 足够的适当的, 胜任的•concentrat.[ˈkɔnsəntreit.vt.浓.vt..vi.专心于.注意集中.聚集•ethnic [ˈeθnik] adj.种族的, 部落的某文化群体的•investigate [inˈvestiɡeit] vt.调查; 审查•parameter [pəˈræmitə] n.(限定性的)因素, 特性, 界限〈物〉〈数〉参量, 参数•retain [riˈtein] vt.保持; 保留止住; 容纳•annual [ˈænjuəl] adj.每年的, 年度的, 一年一次的n.一年生植物年刊, 年报, 年鉴•confer [kənˈfə:] vi.〈拉〉商谈, 商议vt.授予, 赋予•goal [ɡəul] n.球门进球得的分努力的对象, 目标•job [dʒɔb] n.职业, 职位(一件)工作职责, 责任•phase [feiz] n.阶段, 时期(月亮、行星的)位相vt.分阶段计划[安排]•series [ˈsiəri:z] n.连续的同类事物, 系列串联•apparent [əˈpærənt] adj.显然的, 明白的, 清晰可见的表面上的, 貌似(真实)的•contras.[ˈkɔntræst.n.对比.对照差异.差别对照物.明显的对比.vt..vi.对比.对照•grant [ɡrɑ:nt] n.补助金, 助学金, 津贴vt.准许; 答应给予承认•label [ˈleibəl] n.标签, 标记称号; 符号; 标示vt.贴标签于把…列为•predic.[priˈdikt.vt..vi.预言.预测.预示•statistic [stəˈtistik] adj.统计的,统计学的n.统计量•approximat.[əˈprɔksimit.adj.近似的.大约.vt..vi.近似.接近•cycle [ˈsaikl] n.循环, 周期自行车, 摩托车vi.骑自行[摩托]车•hence [hens] adv.从此时起, 从此处因此, 所以•mechanism [ˈmekənizəm] n.机械装置构造, 机制办法, 技巧, 途径•principal [ˈprinsəpəl] adj.最重要的; 主要的n.负责人, 校长资本, 本金被代理人, 委托人•status [ˈsteitəs] n.身份, 地位情形, 状况•attitude [ˈætitju:d] n.态度, 看法姿态, 姿势•debat.[diˈbeit.n.讨论.辩.vt..vi.辩论.争论•hypothesis [haiˈpɔθisis] n.假说, 假设, 前提•obvious [ˈɔbviəs] adj.明显的; 显而易见的•prior [ˈpraiə] adj.优先的; 在前的; 较早的•stress [stres] n.压力, 紧张强调, 重要性重力重音vt.重读强调•attribute [əˈtribju:t] n.属性, 特性vt.认为…是; 归因于…认为某作品出自某人之手认为某事[物]属于某人[物]•despite [disˈpait] prep.不管, 尽管•implement [ˈimplimənt] n.工具, 器具, 用具vt.使生效, 贯彻, 执行•occupy [ˈɔkjupai] vt.占领; 占有使从事; 使忙于•professional [prəˈfeʃənəl] adj.职业的, 专业的内行的, 有经验的有意的, 故意的n.具有某专业资格的人, 专业人士内行, 专家专门职业者, 职业选手•subsequent [ˈsʌbsikwənt] adj.随后的, 继…之后的•civil [ˈsivl] adj.公民的, 平民的; 非军职的, 非宗教的; 国民间的, 民用的民事的, 民法的文明的, 有教养的•dimension [diˈmenʃən] n.尺寸, 度量方面, 部分规模, 程度•implicate [ˈimplikeit] vt.牵连, 涉及•option [ˈɔpʃən] n.选择(的自由)可选择的办法附件, 配件买卖选择权, 期权•projec.[prəˈdʒekt.n.项目.计划.方案.课.vt.规划抛.投..vt..vi.伸出.突出.表达特点•su.[sʌm.n.总数.总和金额算.vt..vi.合计总结.归纳•code [kəud] n.法典, 法规, 章程密码, 电码代号, 编码vt.将…译成电码•domestic [dəˈmestik] adj.本国的, 国内的家庭的, 家用的驯养的•impose [imˈpəuz] vi.利用, 占便宜; 欺骗vt.强迫, 强加课税, 惩罚•output [ˈautput] n.产量输出, 输出功率•promote [prəˈməut] vt.提升, 提拔筹划, 发起, 创立推销〈正〉促进; 推动; 增进•summary [ˈsʌməri] adj.即刻的, 立即的匆忙的, 草率的概括的; 简要的n.摘要, 概要•commit [kəˈmit] vt.犯罪; 犯错承诺; 使自己受约束托付; 交付•emerge [iˈmə:dʒ] vi.出现; 显出; 暴露•integrat.[ˈintiɡreit.vt.使结合成为整.vt..vi.(使)融入•overall [ˈəuvərɔ:l] adj.总体的; 全面的; 综合的全面考虑的adv.大体上, 总的来说一切包括在内, 全部的n.长罩衣工装裤; 工作裤•regime [reiˈʒi:m] n.政治制度, 政权, 政体•undertake [ˌʌndəˈteik] vt.担任, 承揽; 保证着手, 开始Sublist 5•academy [əˈkædəmi] n.专科学校研究院, 学会•consul.[kənˈsʌlt.vt.请教.咨询.找(医生)诊治翻阅.查阅顾及.考.vt..vi.商议.商量•evolv.[iˈvɔlv.vt..vi.演变.进化•licence [ˈlaisəns] n.许可证, 执照许可, 特许放纵, 放肆•orient [ˈɔ:riənt] n.东方, 亚洲vt.使熟悉, 使适应使朝向; 使确定位置•style [stail] n.风格, 格调; 文体行为方式, 作风种类, 类型; 流行式样; 款式风度; 格调;气派•adjus.[əˈdʒʌst.vt..vi.(改变…以)适应.调整.校正•contac.[ˈkɔntækt.n.接触联系.联络.交往社会关系.熟人.门路触点.接.vt..vi.联系•expan.[iksˈpænd.vt..vi.使…变大.扩大.扩张伸展.伸开.张开.展开•logic [ˈlɔdʒik] n.逻辑(学), 逻辑性推理方法合理的想法•perspective [pəˈspektiv] n.远景, 景前途; 希望透视透视图观点, 想法•substitut.[ˈsʌbstitju:t.vt..vi.代替.替换.代用•alte.[ˈɔ:ltə.vt..vi.改变.更改•declin.[diˈklain.n.下降.减少.衰.vi.(太阳)落.vt..vi.辞谢.谢绝(邀请等)•expose [iksˈpəuz] vt.曝光暴露; 显露揭露, 袒露•margin [ˈmɑ:dʒin] n.页边空白边, 边缘差数, 差额; 余地•precise [priˈsais] adj.精确的, 准确的恰好的; 正是的周密的, 细密的, 精细的•sustain [səˈstein] vt.承受, 支撑维持长期保持; 使继续经受, 遭受•amen.[əˈmend.vt..vi.改良.修改.修订•discrete [disˈkri:t] adj.分离的, 不相关联的•external [eksˈtə:nl] adj.外面的, 外部的外观的, 表面的外国的•medical [ˈmedikəl] adj.医学的, 医疗的, 医术的内科的•prime [praim] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最好的, 第一流的n.全盛时期vt.使准备好, 使完成准备工作事先指导, 事先向…提供情况•symbol [ˈsimbəl] n.象征, 标志符号, 记号•aware [əˈwɛə] adj.意识到的, 知道的•draft [drɑ:ft] n.草稿, 草案, 草图汇票应召入伍者; 特遣队vt.起草, 画草图, 草拟选派, 抽调征募, 征召…入伍•facilitate [fəˈsiliteit] vt.使便利, 减轻…的困难•mental [ˈmentl] adj.精神的, 头脑的, 心理的, 智力的精神病的•psychology [saiˈkɔlədʒi] n.心理学心理; 心理特点•target [ˈtɑ:ɡit] n.(射击的)靶子(欲达到的)目[指]标(服务的)对象; (攻击的)对象vt.瞄准某物•capacity [kəˈpæsiti] n.容量, 容积才能, 能力身份, 职位•enable [iˈneibl] vt.使能够; 提供做…的权利[措施]使可能•fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈmentəl] adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的n.基本原则, 基本法则•modif.[ˈmɔdifai.vt.修.vt..vi.修改.更改•pursue [pəˈsju:] vt.追捕, 追击追求继续; 从事, 经营•transit [ˈtrænsit] n.搬运; 载运; 运输•challenge [ˈtʃælindʒ] n.挑战, 邀请比赛怀疑, 质问艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑考验•energy [ˈenədʒi] n.活力, 干劲, 能力精力〈物〉能, 能量, 能源•generate [ˈdʒenəreit] vt.生成, 产生引起, 导致•monitor [ˈmɔnitə] n.监视器, 监听器; 检测器(学校)班长; 纠察员vt.监听, 监视监测, 检测•ratio [ˈreiʃiəu] n.比, 比率•trend [trend] n.趋势, 倾向流行•clause [klɔ:z] n.从句(法律文件等的)条款•enforce [inˈfɔ:s] vt.实施, 执行强迫, 迫使•generation [ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən] n.同时代的人, 一代人, 一代产生, 发生•network [ˈnetwə:k] n.网状物(电视与计算机)网络, 网状系统广播网, 电视网•reject [riˈdʒekt] n.被拒货品, 不合格产品vt.拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回舍弃, 排斥, 退掉•version [ˈvə:ʃən] n.(个人对事件的)描述, 说法, 看法版本, 形式译本, 剧本•compound [ˈkɔmpaund] n.复合物, 化合物(筑有围墙的)院子, (围起来的)场地vt.使混合, 使合成使严重; 使恶化•entity [ˈentiti] n.实体, 独立存在体, 实际存在物•image [ˈimidʒ] n.形象, 概念镜像, 影像, 图像印象酷似的人[物], 翻版比喻, 引喻, 明喻外形, 外表, 模样•notion [ˈnəuʃən] n.概念, 观念, 看法突然的念头, 奇想; 意图, 打算•revenue [ˈrevənju:] n.收入, 收益; 财政收入, 税收•welfare [ˈwelfɛə] n.健康, 幸福, 繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利(制度)•conflict [ˈkɔnflikt] n.战斗, 斗争冲突, 抵触, 争论vi.抵触, 冲突•equivalent [iˈkwivələnt] adj.相等的, 相当的•liberal [ˈlibərəl] adj.心胸宽阔的, 无偏见的慷慨的, 大方的开放的; 主张变革的自由的, 不拘一格的n.宽容大度的人自由主义者•objective [əbˈdʒektiv] adj.客观的; 不带偏见的n.目标; 目的•stable [ˈsteibl] adj.稳定的; 安定的沉稳[持重]的•whereas [hwɛərˈæz] conj.但是, 而Sublist 6•abstract [ˈæbstrækt] adj.抽象的抽象派的n.抽象, 抽象概念, 抽象性抽象派艺术作品摘要, 梗概vt.提取, 抽取做…的摘要•capable [ˈkeipəbl] adj.有能力的, 有技能的•exceed [ikˈsi:d] vi.(在数量、质量上)突出, 领先vt.超过; 超越•incidence [ˈinsidəns] n.发生率, 影响范围•migrate [maiˈɡreit] vi.迁移; 移往•recover [riˈkʌvə] vi.恢复健康(体力、能力等) vt.恢复; 重新获得, 找回〈正〉恢复(适当的状态或位置)•accurate [ˈækjurit] adj.精确的, 准确的正确无误的•cite [sait] vt.引用, 举例表彰, 嘉奖传唤, 传讯•expert [ˈekspə:t] adj.专家的, 内行的, 熟练的n.专家, 能手•incorporate [inˈkɔ:pəreit] vt.包含, 加上, 吸收把…合并, 使并入组成公司•minimum [ˈminiməm] adj.最低的, 最小的n.最低限度, 最小量•reveal [riˈvi:l] vt.显示; 露出泄露; 透露•acknowledge [əkˈnɔlidʒ] vt.承认, 供认告知已收到鸣谢, 感谢•cooperate [kəuˈɔpəreit] vi.合作; 配合, 协助•explicit [iksˈplisit] adj.详述的, 明确的, 明晰的直言的, 毫不隐瞒的, 露骨的•index [ˈindeks] n.索引标志, 象征; 量度(物价或工资的)指数〈数〉指数, 幂vt.给…编索引, 指示出•ministry [ˈministri] n.(政府的)部•scope [skəup] n.余地, 机会(处理、研究事务的)范围•aggregat.[ˈæɡriɡit.n.〈正〉数.总.vt.总计达.vt..vi.(使)聚集•discriminat.[disˈkrimineit.vi.歧视.有差别地对.vt..vi.分别.辨别.区分•federal [ˈfedərəl] adj.联邦(制)的联邦政府的•inhibit [inˈhibit] vt.阻止; 抑制•motive [ˈməutiv] n.动机, 目的•subsidy [ˈsʌbsidi] n.补贴, 津贴, 补助金•allocate [ˈæləkeit] vt.分配, 分派把…拨给•display [disˈplei] n.陈列, 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等vt.陈列, 展览显示, 显露•fee [fi:] n.费, 酬金•initiate [iˈniʃieit] vt.开始, 着手传授; 使初步了解接纳新成员, 让…加入•neutral [ˈnju:trəl] adj.中立的, 不偏不倚的中立(国家)的暗淡的; 非彩色的(化学中)中性的不带电的n.(汽车或其他机器的)空挡位置中立人士; 中立国•tap.[teip.n.带子录音磁带.录像.vt.用带子捆起.vt..vi.录音•assign [əˈsain] vt.分配; 交给指派, 选派指定, 订出•diverse [daiˈvəs] adj.不同的, 多种多样的•flexible [ˈfleksəbl] adj.易弯曲的, 柔韧的灵活的, 可变通的•input [ˈinput] n.输入, 投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据vt.把…输入电脑•nevertheless [ˌnevəðəˈles] adv.仍然, 然而, 不过conj.尽管如此, 然而•trac.[treis.n.踪迹.痕迹.形迹极微的.vt.追踪.追溯发现.找到描绘.标.vt..vi.缓慢而困难地书写•attac.[əˈtætʃ.vt..vi.贴上.系.附上•domain [dəuˈmein] n.范围, 领域版图, 领土地产, 产业•furthermore [ˈfə:ðəˌmɔ:] adv.而且, 此外•instruct [inˈstrʌkt] vt.命令, 指示教, 指导通知•overseas [ˌəuvəˈsi:z] adj.(在)海外的, (在)国外的(向或来自)外国的adv.在[向]海外;在[向]国外•transfor.[trænsˈfɔ:m.vt..vi.改变•author [ˈɔ:θə] n.著作家, 作者创造者, 创始人; 发起人•edi.[ˈedit.vt.剪辑(电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等.vt..vi.编辑•gender [ˈdʒendə] n.〈语〉性•intelligent [inˈtelidʒənt] adj.聪明的; 理解力强的•preced.[ˌpriˈsi:d.vt..vi.在…之前.先于•transport [trænsˈpɔ:t] vt.运送; 流放使万分激动•bond [bɔnd] n.联系, 关系连接, 接合, 结合有息债券合同, 契约, 票据vt.使粘结, 使结合•enhance [inˈhɑ:ns] vt.提高, 增加, 加强•ignorant [ˈiɡnərənt] adj.无知的, 愚昧的•interval [ˈintəvəl] n.间隔时间幕间休息•presume [priˈzju:m] vi.冒昧地做某事; 错用自作主张, 放肆vt.以为; 假定•underlie [ˌʌndəˈlai] vt.位于或存在于(某物)之下构成…的基础(或起因); 引起•brief [bri:f] adj.短暂的, 短时间的简洁的, 简短的n.概要, 摘要vt.向…介绍基本情况, 作…的摘要•estate [isˈteit] n.土地, 地区庄园, 种植园地产, 财产; 遗产•incentive [inˈsentiv] n.激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因, 动机•lectur.[ˈlektʃə.n.演讲.讲课冗长的训斥[谴责.vt.责备.教训.训.vt..vi.(向…)演讲.(给…)讲课•rational [ˈræʃənl] adj.神智清楚的理性的; 理智的; 合理的; 出于理性的•utilize [ˈju:tilaiz] vt.利用, 使用Sublist 7•adap.[əˈdæpt.vt.改编.改.vt..vi.(使)适应.(使)适合•contrary [ˈkɔntrəri] adj.相反的, 相违的n.相反, 反面, 对立面•empirical [emˈpirikəl] adj.以观察或实验为依据的•identical [aiˈdentikəl] adj.同一的•phenomenon [fiˈnɔminən] n.现象特殊的人[事物]•submit [səbˈmit] vi.屈服, 认输vt.提交, 呈递〈正〉建议, 主张, 申辩•adult [ˈædʌlt] adj.成熟的成年人的, 适宜于成年人的n.成年的人或动物•conver.[kənˈvə:t.vt..vi.(使)转变.(使)转化皈依.改变(信仰)•equip [iˈkwip] vt.装备, 配备使有能力, 使胜任•ideology [ˌaidiˈɔlədʒi] n.思想(体系), 思想意识•priority [praiˈɔriti] n.优先权, 重点优先考虑的事•successor [səkˈsesə] n.接替的人或事物, 继任者, 继承人•advocate [ˈædvəkeit] n.提倡者, 拥护者辩护律师, 辩护人vt.提倡, 主张•couple [ˈkʌpl] n.一对, 一双一些, 几个夫妻, 情侣vt.连接, 联结, 联系•extract [iksˈtrækt] n.摘录, 引用提炼物, 浓缩物vt.(费力地)拔出, 抽出提取, 榨出•infer [inˈfə:] vt.推断, 推知•prohibit [prəˈhibit] vt.禁止; 阻止•survive [səˈvaiv] vi.幸存, 活下来vt.比…活得长, 经历…之后还存在•aid [eid] n.帮助, 援助, 救助助手, 辅助物, 辅助手段vt.帮助, 援助•decade [ˈdekeid] n.十年, 十年间•file [fail] n.文件夹, 公文箱卷宗, 文件; 计算机文件纵列vi.排成纵队前进vt.把…归档提交(申请等), 呈递用锉锉•innovate [ˈinəuveit] vi.改革, 创新•publication [ˌpʌbliˈkeiʃən] n.发表, 公布出版, 刊行, 发行出版物, 书刊•thesis [ˈθi:sis] n.论题, 命题, 论点论文, 毕业(或学位)论文•channel [ˈtʃænl] n.海峡通道; 水沟, 水渠渠道, 途径频道•definite [ˈdefinit] adj.明确的, 确切的一定的, 肯定的•finite [ˈfainait] adj.有限的, 有限度的〈语〉限定的•insert [inˈsə:t] n.添入物(尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图) vt.插入, 嵌入•quot.[kwəut.vt.提到…以支持某论点报(价).开(价.vt..vi.引用.援引•topic [ˈtɔpik] n.题目, 论题, 话题•chemical [ˈkemikəl] adj.化学的n.化学药品•deny [diˈnai] vt.否认知情拒绝•foundation [faunˈdeiʃən] n.建立, 设立, 创办基础, 基本原理, 根据地基基金(会)•intervene [ˌɪntəˈvi:n] vi.干涉, 干预; 调解干扰, 阻碍•release [riˈli:s] n.释放, 排放, 解除释放令公映的新影片, 发布的新闻[消息] vt.释放; 放开发布; 发行; 发售•transmi.[trænzˈmit.vt.传播.传染传.vt..vi.发射.播送.广播•classic [ˈklæsik] adj.(著作, 赛事等)最优秀的, (可作)典范的(病例等)典型的, 标准的(衣服, 设计等)传统式样的, 典雅的(因为时已久)著名的; 传统的n.文豪, 大艺术家; 文学名著, 经典作品, 杰作优秀的典范•differentiat.[ˌdifəˈrenʃieit.vi.区别对.vt..vi.区分.区别.辨别•globe [ɡləub] n.地球, 世界球体; 球状物地球仪•isolate [ˈaisəleit] vt.使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱离•revers.[riˈvə:s.adj.相反的.颠倒的.反向.n.相反钱币的反面[背面]失败.挫.vt..vi.(使)反转.(使)颠倒.(使)翻转推翻.取消使倒退.逆转•ultimate [ˈʌltimit] adj.最后的, 最终的基本的, 根本的最大的, 极限程度的•comprehensive [ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv] adj.广泛的, 综合的•dispos.[disˈpəuz.vt.布置使愿意或准备.vt..vi.处理.处置•grade [ɡreid] n.(官阶、质量)等级, 品级, 阶段, 程度〈尤美〉(考试或作业的)分数, 评分等级〈尤美〉(学生受测试的)技巧水平(尤指音乐方面)〈美〉年级; (按年级划分的)小学生•media [ˈmi:djə] n.媒体•simulate [ˈsimjuleit] vt.假装模仿, 模拟•unique [ju:ˈni:k] adj.独一无二的, 仅有的, 惟一的异常的, 特有的, 少见的•comprise [kəmˈpraiz] vt.包含, 包括, 由…组成组成, 构成•dynamic [daiˈnæmik] adj.有活力的, 强有力的不断变化的动力的, 动态的•guarantee [ˌɡærənˈti:] n.保证, 保障; 保证书; 保用期担保, 担保人担保品, 抵押品vt.保证; 担保使(事情)可能发生•mode [məud] n.方式, 样式样式, 风格•sole [səul] adj.单独的, 惟一的专有的, 独占的•visible [ˈvizəbl] adj.看得见的, 可见的, 有形的明显的, 可察觉到的•confirm [kənˈfə:m] vt.证实, 证明; 肯定, 确认使巩固, 加强批准; 认可•eliminate [iˈlimineit] vt.消除, 排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉•hierarchy [ˈhaiərɑ:ki] n.等级制度统治集团, 领导层•paradigm [ˈpærədaim] n.(一词的)词形变化表范例; 样式; 模范•somewhat [ˈsʌmhwɔt] adv.稍微, 有点, 达到某种程度•voluntary [ˈvɔləntəri] adj.自愿的, 志愿的义务的, 无偿的Sublist 8•abandon [əˈbændən] n.放任; 纵情vt.离弃, 丢弃遗弃, 抛弃放弃•clarif.[ˈklærifai.vt..vi.使清楚.澄清•deviate [ˈdi:vieit] vi.偏离; 越轨•induce [inˈdju:s] vt.引诱, 劝导〈正〉引起, 导致•plus [plʌs] adj.正的比所示数量多的附加的, 称心的, 有利的n.加号, 正号prep.(表示包容)外加; 另有(表示运算)加, 加上(表示数目)在零(度)以上, 正•tense [tens] adj.拉紧的肌肉绷紧的神经紧张的n.〈语〉(动词的)时态vt.(使某人或某物)变得紧张•accompany [əˈkʌmpəni] vt.陪伴, 陪同伴随…同时发生伴奏•commodity [kəˈmɔditi] n.商品, 货物有用的东西•displace [disˈpleis] vt.替换, 取代移走•inevitable [inˈevitəbl] adj.不可避免的, 必然发生的〈非正〉总会发生的, 照例必有的, 惯常的•practitioner [prækˈtiʃənə] n.习艺者, 实习者从业者(尤指医师)•terminat.[ˈtə:mineit.vt..vi.结束.使终结•accumulat.[əˈkju:mjuleit.vt..vi.堆积.积累•complement [ˈkɔmplimənt] n.补充, 互为补充的东西需要的或允许的数额补足语vt.补足, 补充•drama [ˈdrɑ:mə] n.戏剧, 剧本戏剧文学[艺术]戏剧性事件[场面]•infrastructure [ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə] n.基础设施; 基础结构•predominant [priˈdɔminənt] adj.占主导地位的, 显著的•theme[θi:m] n.主题, 主旨, 题目•ambiguous [æmˈbiɡjuəs] adj.引起歧义的; 模棱两可的, 含糊不清的•conform [kənˈfɔ:m] vi.遵守, 符合顺应, 一致•eventual [iˈventjuəl] adj.(事件)最终发生的; 结果的•inspect [inˈspekt] vt.检查, 检验视察•prospect [ˈprɔspekt] n.景象, 景色前景; 前途可能成为主顾的人; 有希望的候选人vi.勘探; 勘察•thereby [ˈðɛəbai] adv.由此; 因而•append [əˈpend] vt.附加•contemporary [kənˈtempərəri] adj.当代的同时代的, 同属一个时期的n.同代人, 同龄人•exhibi.[iɡˈzibit.n.展览品.陈列品在法庭提出的证.vt.显示.显.vt..vi.陈列.展览•intense [inˈtens] adj.强烈的, 剧烈的; 极端的热情的, 热切的紧张的, 认真的•radical [ˈrædikəl] adj.根本的, 基本的; 彻底的, 完全的激进的, 激进派的•uniform [ˈju:nifɔ:m] adj.全都相同的, 一律的, 清一色的n.制服•appreciat.[əˈpri:ʃieit.vt.感激.感谢欣赏.赏识.重视意识到.体.vt..vi.(使)增值.涨价•contradic.[ˌkɔntrəˈdikt.vt.与…发生矛盾.与…抵.vt..vi.反驳.否认…的真实性•exploit [iksˈplɔit] n.业绩, 功绩, 功勋, 事迹vt.开采; 开发剥削•manipulate [məˈnipjuleit] vt.熟练控制[操作]•random [ˈrændəm] adj.任意的; 无计划的(统计)随机的•vehicle [ˈvi:ɪkl] n.交通工具, 车辆传播媒介, 手段•arbitrary [ˈɑ:bitrəri] adj.随意的, 主观的专横的, 独断专行的•crucial [ˈkru:ʃəl] adj.决定性的, 紧要关头的•fluctuate [ˈflʌktjueit] vi.波动, 涨落, 起伏•minimise [ˈminimaiz] vt.把…减至最低数量[程度]对(某事物)作最低估计; 极力贬低(某事物)的价值[重要性]。
雅思学术类词汇表(音译双全)
The academic word listSublist 1•analyze[ˈænəlaiz] vt.〈美〉分析, 分解, 解释•constitute[ˈkɔnstitju:t] vt.构成, 组成建立, 制定选定, 任命•establish[isˈtæbliʃ] vt.建立, 成立安置确定, 证实•indicate[ˈindikeit] vt.标示, 指示, 指出象征; 表明或暗示…的可能性•occur[əˈkə:] vi.发生; 举行; 存在被发现; 想到[起]•role[rəul] n.作用, 职责角色•approach[əˈprəutʃ] n.靠近, 接近, 临近通路, 入口, 途径方式, 方法vt.接洽, 交涉; 着手处理vt. & vi.接近, 走近, 靠近•context[ˈkɔntekst] n.背景, 环境上下文, 语境•estimate[ˈestimeit] n.估计, 估价报价判断vt. & vi.估计; 评价, 评估•individual[ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的独特的n.个人人•percent[pəˈsent] n.百分比,百分数•section[ˈsekʃən] n.章节部分部门, 科截面, 剖面地区, 区•area[ˈɛəriə] n.面积区域, 地区领域, 方面•contract[kənˈtrækt] n.契约, 合同vt.缔结; 订契约vt. & vi.染上(恶习, 疾病等)缩小; 紧缩•evident[ˈevidənt] adj.明显的, 明白的•interpret[inˈtə:prit] vt.解释; 说明vt. & vi.口译; 翻译•period[ˈpiəriəd] n.(一段)时间时期, 时代学时, 课时句号, 句点•sector[ˈsektə] n.部门; 领域防御地区, 防卫区域扇形, 扇形面•assess[əˈses] vt.估价, 估计评定, 核定•create[kriˈeit] vt.创造, 创作, 创建引起, 产生•export[eksˈpɔ:t] n.输出, 出口输出[出口]物vt. & vi.出口, 输出•involve[inˈvɔlv] vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果; 需要使参与, 牵涉•policy[ˈpɔləsi] n.政策, 方针策略, 精明的行为, 上策保险单•significant[siɡˈnifikənt] adj.重要的, 重大的, 可观的有意义的, 有用意的意味深长的•assume[əˈsju:m] vt.假设, 臆断, 猜想假装承担, 担任, 就职呈现, 采取•data[ˈdeitə] n.资料, 材料•factor[ˈfæktə] n.因素, 要素〈数〉因子, 因数•issue[ˈisju:] n.问题, 议题; 争论点发行物放出, 流出; 发出, 发行〈正〉结果, 结局vi.冒出, 流出; 传出vt.出版, 发行发表, 发布分配, 发给•principle[ˈprinsəpl] n.原则, 原理准则, 规范操守, 道义工作原理•similar[ˈsimilə] adj.类似的; 同类的; 相似的; 同样的•authority[ɔ:ˈθɔriti] n.权力, 职权官方, 当局权威, 专家•define[diˈfain] vt.精确地解释; 界定规定, 确定•finance[faiˈnæns] n.财政, 金融财源, 资金, 财务情况vt.为…供给资金, 从事金融活动•labour[ˈleibə] n.劳动, 努力; 工作劳工, 工人分娩, (分娩时的)阵痛vi.劳动; 努力艰难行进•proceed[prəˈsi:d] vi.前进; 行进进行; 继续下去•source[sɔ:s] n.河流的源头, 发源地来源, 出处原因提供资料者, 资料来源•available[əˈveiləbl] adj.可用的或可得到的可会见的, 可与之交谈的•derive[diˈraiv] vt. & vi.得到源于•formula[ˈfɔ:mjulə] n.准则, 原则公式, 方程式配方•legal[ˈli:ɡəl] adj.法律上的; 合法的; 法定的•process[ˈprəuses] n.过程, 进程工序, 制作法vi.列队行进vt.加工; 处理•specific[spiˈsifik] adj.明确的, 确切的, 详尽的具体的, 特有的, 特定的仅限于…的; 只发现于…的n.特效药具体方面, 细节•benefit[ˈbenifit] n.益处, 好处救济金, 保险金vt. & vi.有益于, 得益•distribute[disˈtribju:t] vt.分配, 分给散发; 散播; 分布•function[ˈfʌŋkʃən] n.功能; 作用; 职责函数; 与另一事物有密切关系的事物社交集会vi.工作, 运行, 起作用•legislate[ˈledʒisleit] vt. & vi.立法; 制定法律•require[riˈkwaiə] vt.有赖于…; 需要命令, 指示要求, 规定想要•structure[ˈstrʌktʃə] n.结构, 构造有结构的事物; 复杂的整体; 建筑物vt.组织;安排; 构造; 制定•concept[ˈkɔnsept] n.概念; 观念; 想法•economy[iˈkɔnəmi] n.节约, 节省经济体制, 经济状况•identify[aiˈdentifai] vt.认出, 识别支持, 同情vt. & vi.等同于; 有关联•major[ˈmeidʒə] adj.较大的; 主要的; 严重的n.少校专业; 主修科目vi.〈美〉主修, 专攻•research[riˈsə:tʃ] n.研究; 探讨vi.做研究, 探究, 研究, 探讨vt.从事…的研究, 为…而做研究•theory[ˈθiəri] n.学说理论, 原理意见, 看法•consist[kənˈsist] vi.组成, 构成在于, 存在于•environment[inˈvaiərənmənt] n.环境, 周围状况, 自然环境•income[ˈinkəm] n.收入, 所得, 收益•method[ˈmeθəd] n.方法, 办法秩序, 条理•respond[riˈspɔnd] vi.有反应; 有效果; 有影响vt. & vi.回答; 回报; 响应•vary[ˈvɛəri] vi.呈现不同vt. & vi.(使)变化, 改变Sublist 2•achieve[əˈtʃi:v] vt.取得, 获得实现, 达到, 完成•community[kəˈmju:niti] n.社区, 社会, 团体大众, 公众共有, 共享•design[diˈzain] n.图样, 设计图设计, 布局目的, 打算vt.计划, 筹划vt. & vi.设计, 绘制•institute[ˈinstitju:t] n.协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院vt.建立, 制定; 开始, 着手•potential[pəˈtenʃəl] adj.潜在的, 有可能的n.潜力, 潜势, 可能性•restrict[risˈtrikt] vt.限制; 约束•acquire[əˈkwaiə] vt.获得, 得到, 养成•complex[ˈkɔmpleks] adj.由许多部分组成的, 复合的复杂的, 难懂的n.综合体, 集合体〈心〉情结, 夸大的情绪反应•distinct[disˈtiŋkt] adj.截然不同的, 完全分开的清晰的, 明白的, 明显的•invest[inˈvest] vt.授予vt. & vi.投资; 花费•previous[ˈpri:viəs] adj.先前的, 以前的过早的, 过急的•secure[siˈkjuə] adj.牢固的; 可靠的有把握的; 确切的vt.握紧; 关牢使安全(使)获得; 把…弄到手•administer[ədˈministə] vt.管理, 支配给予执行, 实施•compute[kəmˈpju:t] vt.计算, 估算•element[ˈelimənt] n.(化学)元素成分, 要素, 原件一伙人基础, 纲要, 原理•item[ˈaitəm] n.一项, 一件, 一条; 项目•primary[ˈpraiməri] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最初的; 初级的•seek[si:k] vi.企图; 试图vt.请求, 征求; 求教vt. & vi.寻找; 探寻•affect[əˈfekt] vt.影响感动假装•conclude[kənˈklu:d] vt.得出结论; 断定决定vt. & vi.结束•equate[iˈkweit] vt.认为某事物(与另一事物)相等或相仿•journal[ˈdʒə:nl] n.杂志, 期刊日志, 日记•purchase[ˈpə:tʃəs] n.购买, 购置买到的东西vt.购买•select[siˈlekt] adj.精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的, 选择严格的vt.选择; 挑选•appropriate[əˈprəupriit] adj.适当的, 恰当的vt.挪用; 占用; 盗用拨出(款项) •conduct[kənˈdʌkt] n.举止, 行为管理(方式), 实施(方式) vt. & vi.引导, 带领, 担任指挥控制, 管理传导•evaluate[iˈvæljueit] vt.评价, 估计, 估价•maintain[meinˈtein] vt.保持; 继续保养, 维护坚持; 主张供给; 赡养•range[reindʒ] n.一系列变化幅度, 范围射程, 距离(山)脉vi.变化vt.排列•site[sait] n.位置, 场所, 地点vt.使坐落在; 设置•aspect[ˈæspekt] n.方面方位, 朝向面貌, 模样, 神态•consequent[ˈkɔnsikwənt] adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的•feature[ˈfi:tʃə] n.特征, 特色面貌, 相貌特写, 专题节目(电影的)正片, 故事片•normal[ˈnɔ:məl] adj.正常的, 平常的正规的; 标准的•region[ˈri:dʒən] n.地区; 地带; 区域; 范围•strategy[ˈstrætidʒi] n.战略学, 兵法战略, 策略策略, 计谋•assist[əˈsist] vt. & vi.帮助, 促进•construct[kənˈstrʌkt] vt.修建, 建立构成, 组成•final[ˈfainəl] adj.最后的, 最终的决定性的, 确定性的n.决赛(大学的)期终考试•obtain[əbˈtein] vi.通行; 流行vt.获得, 得到; 买到•regulate[ˈreɡjuleit] vt.控制, 管理调整; 调节•survey[səˈvei] n.调查vt.眺望; 纵览测量; 勘察检查, 鉴定通盘考虑, 回顾•category[ˈkætiɡəri] n.种类, 类别•consume[kənˈsju:m] vt.消耗, 消费, 耗尽大吃, 大喝烧毁, 毁灭•focus[ˈfəukəs] n.焦点, 焦距; 中心vt. & vi.(使)集中, (使)聚集调整(镜头, 眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清•participate[pɑ:ˈtisipeit] vt. & vi.参加, 参与•relevant[ˈreləvənt] adj.有关的, 切题的•text[tekst] n.正文, 本文原文, 全文教科书, 课本•chapter[ˈtʃæptə] n.章, 回, 篇•credit[ˈkredit] n.赊购; 赊购制度存款; 存款数额借款; 贷款赞扬, 荣誉, 功劳信任, 相信学分vt.相信, 信任把…记入贷方, 存入(账户)•impact[ˈimpækt] n.影响, 作用冲击(力), 碰撞vt. & vi.对某事物有影响•perceive[pəˈsi:v] vt.感觉, 察觉, 理解•reside[riˈzaid] vi.居住; 定居•tradition[trəˈdiʃən] n.传统惯例•commission[kəˈmiʃən] n.授权, 委托委员会佣金, 回扣vt.委任, 委托•culture[ˈkʌltʃə] n.文化休养, 教养, 精神文明养殖, 培养, 栽培vt.培植, 培养•injure[ˈindʒə] vt.伤害, 损害•positive[ˈpɔzitiv] adj.确实的, 明确的积极的; 肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的, 确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的, 阳性的完全的; 纯粹的n.〈语〉原级形容词确实; 正量, 正数正片•resource[riˈsɔ:s] n.资源(必要时可给予)帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智; 机敏; 创造精神•transfer[trænsˈfə:] n.转移; 转让; 转录中转, 换乘, 改变路线vt.转让vt. & vi.转移; 迁移Sublist 3•alternative[ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv] adj.两者择一的, 供替代的不寻常的, 非传统性的非正统的n.取舍, 抉择, 可供选择的事物选择的余地, 可供选择的机会•convene[kənˈvi:n] vt. & vi.召开, 召集•emphasis[ˈemfəsis] n.强调, 重点•interact[ˌɪntərˈækt] vi.相互作用[影响], 互相配合•philosophy[fiˈlɔsəfi] n.哲学人生哲学, 人生观达观•sex[seks] n.性别; 性男性; 女性性关系性活动, 性行为•circumstance[ˈsə:kəmstəns] n.环境, 条件, 情况境遇, 经济状况•coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit] adj.同等的, 并列的n.〈数〉坐标vt.使协调; 使调和•ensure[inˈʃuə] vt.确保, 担保担保获得[避免]•justify[ˈdʒʌstifai] vt.证明…有理; 为…辩护•physical[ˈfizikəl] adj.身体的, 肉体的物质的自然规律的, 按自然法则的自然(界)的物理学的n.身体检查, 体格检查•shift[ʃift] n.转换, 转变轮[换]班轮班工人计谋, 手段切换键vi.快速行进vt. & vi.改变, 变换, 转移, 移动去掉; 摆脱掉换挡•comment[ˈkɔment] n.评论, 意见, 解释, 批评vt. & vi.评论; 谈论•core[kɔ:] n.果核核心, 精髓, 要点•exclude[iksˈklu:d] vt.排除; 不包括在内•layer[ˈleiə] n.层, 层次•proportion[prəˈpɔ:ʃən] n.均衡; 相称, 协调一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系;比例部分; 份儿•specify[ˈspesifai] vt.详述指定•compensate[ˈkɔmpenseit] vt. & vi.补偿, 报酬•corporate[ˈkɔ:pərit] adj.社团的, 法人的•framework[ˈfreimwə:k] n.构架; 结构•link[liŋk] n.环, 联系, 纽带vt. & vi.连接, 联系•publish[ˈpʌbliʃ] vt. & vi.出版公布•sufficient[səˈfiʃənt] adj.足够的; 充足的•component[kəmˈpəunənt] n.成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件•correspond[ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd] vi.相符合, 相一致相当, 相类似通信•fund[fʌnd] n.基金, 专款现款; 资金储备, 蕴藏vt.为…提供资金, 给…拨款•locate[ləuˈkeit] vt.找出, 指出(地点或位置) vt. & vi.(在…)设置, 坐落于•react[riˈækt] vi.起反应; 有影响反对; 对抗•task[tɑ:sk] n.工作; 任务; 差事•consent[kənˈsent] n.准许, 同意, 赞成vi.同意; 赞成•criteria[kraɪˈtɪərɪə] n.标准•illustrate[ˈiləstreit] vt.给…加插图说明, 阐明; 表明•maximise[ˈmæksimaiz] vt.使(某事物)增至最大限度最大限度地利用(某事物)•register[ˈredʒistə] n.登记(表), 注册(簿)记录器暖气, 调风器vt. & vi.记录; 登记; 注册显出注意到, 记住•technical[ˈteknikəl] adj.技术的; 应用科学的艺术的, 工艺的(指书等)要求有专门知识的, 使用术语的, 专业的•considerable[kənˈsidərəbl] adj.相当大(或多)的•deduce[diˈdju:s] vt.推论, 演绎•immigrate[ˈimiɡreit] vi.移入•minor[ˈmainə] adj.较小的, 较少的, 低级的, 次要的n.未成年人副修科目•rely[riˈlai] vi.信任; 信赖; 依赖, 依靠•technique[tekˈni:k] n.技巧, 手法, 技术技能•constant[ˈkɔnstənt] adj.始终如一的, 恒久不变的不断的, 连续发生的忠实的, 忠诚的•demonstrate[ˈdemənstreit] vi.举行示威游行(或集会) vt.说明, 演示论证, 证明显示, 表露•imply[imˈplai] vt.暗示, 暗指必然包含•negate[niˈɡeit] vt.取消, 使无效否定; 否认•remove[riˈmu:v] vi.迁移; 移居vt.移走; 排除开除•technology[tekˈnɔlədʒi] n.科技(总称); 工艺; 应用科学工业技术•constrain[kənˈstrein] vt.强迫, 强使; 限制, 约束•document[ˈdɔkjumənt] n.公文, 文件, 文献vt.证明记录, 记载•initial[iˈniʃəl] adj.最初的, 开头的•outcome[ˈautkʌm] n.结果•scheme[ski:m] n.阴谋, 诡计计划, 方案vt. & vi.策划; 图谋•valid[ˈvælid] adj.正当的, 有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的•contribute[kənˈtribjut] vi.起促成作用vt. & vi.捐献, 捐助, 贡献出撰稿, 投稿•dominate[ˈdɔmineit] vt.耸立于, 俯临vt. & vi.控制, 支配, 统治在…中占首要地位•instance[ˈinstəns] n.例子, 实例•partner[ˈpɑ:tnə] n.伙伴, 同伙, 合伙人, 股东同伴, 搭档配偶, 情人vt.做…的搭档•sequence[ˈsi:kwəns] n.有关联的一组事物, 一连串先后次序, 顺序, 连续•volume[ˈvɔlju:m] n.卷, 册, 书卷体积; 容积, 容量音量, 响度Sublist 4•access[ˈækses] n.通道, 入口接近[取得]…的方法[权利等] vt.存取(计算机文件) •communicate[kəˈmju:nikeit] vi.通讯; 交际, 交流相连; 相通vt. & vi.传达; 表达•error[ˈerə] n.错误过失, 失误•internal[inˈtə:nəl] adj.内部的国内的, 内政的体内的•parallel[ˈpærəlel] adj.(指至少两条线)平行的类似的; 相对应的n.平行线[面]极相似的人[事物]类似(点), 相似(之处)比较纬线, 纬圈vt.与…平行; 与…相当•resolve[riˈzɔlv] vt.(指委员会或集会)表决解决(问题、疑问等)分解, 解析(某物) vt.& vi.决定; 决心•adequate[ˈædikwit] adj.充分的, 足够的适当的, 胜任的•concentrate[ˈkɔnsəntreit] vt.浓缩vt. & vi.专心于; 注意集中, 聚集•ethnic[ˈeθnik] adj.种族的, 部落的某文化群体的•investigate[inˈvestiɡeit] vt.调查; 审查•parameter[pəˈræmitə] n.(限定性的)因素, 特性, 界限〈物〉〈数〉参量, 参数•retain[riˈtein] vt.保持; 保留止住; 容纳•annual[ˈænjuəl] adj.每年的, 年度的, 一年一次的n.一年生植物年刊, 年报, 年鉴•confer[kənˈfə:] vi.〈拉〉商谈, 商议vt.授予, 赋予•goal[ɡəul] n.球门进球得的分努力的对象, 目标•job[dʒɔb] n.职业, 职位(一件)工作职责, 责任•phase[feiz] n.阶段, 时期(月亮、行星的)位相vt.分阶段计划[安排]•series[ˈsiəri:z] n.连续的同类事物, 系列串联•apparent[əˈpærənt] adj.显然的, 明白的, 清晰可见的表面上的, 貌似(真实)的•contrast[ˈkɔntræst] n.对比, 对照差异, 差别对照物, 明显的对比物vt. & vi.对比, 对照•grant[ɡrɑ:nt] n.补助金, 助学金, 津贴vt.准许; 答应给予承认•label[ˈleibəl] n.标签, 标记称号; 符号; 标示vt.贴标签于把…列为•predict[priˈdikt] vt. & vi.预言; 预测; 预示•statistic[stəˈtistik] adj.统计的,统计学的n.统计量•approximate[əˈprɔksimit] adj.近似的, 大约的vt. & vi.近似, 接近•cycle[ˈsaikl] n.循环, 周期自行车, 摩托车vi.骑自行[摩托]车•hence[hens] adv.从此时起, 从此处因此, 所以•mechanism[ˈmekənizəm] n.机械装置构造, 机制办法, 技巧, 途径•principal[ˈprinsəpəl] adj.最重要的; 主要的n.负责人, 校长资本, 本金被代理人, 委托人•status[ˈsteitəs] n.身份, 地位情形, 状况•attitude[ˈætitju:d] n.态度, 看法姿态, 姿势•debate[diˈbeit] n.讨论, 辩论vt. & vi.辩论, 争论•hypothesis[haiˈpɔθisis] n.假说, 假设, 前提•obvious[ˈɔbviəs] adj.明显的; 显而易见的•prior[ˈpraiə] adj.优先的; 在前的; 较早的•stress[stres] n.压力, 紧张强调, 重要性重力重音vt.重读强调•attribute[əˈtribju:t] n.属性, 特性vt.认为…是; 归因于…认为某作品出自某人之手认为某事[物]属于某人[物]•despite[disˈpait] prep.不管, 尽管•implement[ˈimplimənt] n.工具, 器具, 用具vt.使生效, 贯彻, 执行•occupy[ˈɔkjupai] vt.占领; 占有使从事; 使忙于•professional[prəˈfeʃənəl] adj.职业的, 专业的内行的, 有经验的有意的, 故意的n.具有某专业资格的人, 专业人士内行, 专家专门职业者, 职业选手•subsequent[ˈsʌbsikwənt] adj.随后的, 继…之后的•civil[ˈsivl] adj.公民的, 平民的; 非军职的, 非宗教的; 国民间的, 民用的民事的, 民法的文明的, 有教养的•dimension[diˈmenʃən] n.尺寸, 度量方面, 部分规模, 程度•implicate[ˈimplikeit] vt.牵连, 涉及•option[ˈɔpʃən] n.选择(的自由)可选择的办法附件, 配件买卖选择权, 期权•project[prəˈdʒekt] n.项目, 计划, 方案, 课题vt.规划抛; 投; 射vt. & vi.伸出, 突出; 表达特点•sum[sʌm] n.总数, 总和金额算术vt. & vi.合计总结, 归纳•code[kəud] n.法典, 法规, 章程密码, 电码代号, 编码vt.将…译成电码•domestic[dəˈmestik] adj.本国的, 国内的家庭的, 家用的驯养的•impose[imˈpəuz] vi.利用, 占便宜; 欺骗vt.强迫, 强加课税, 惩罚•output[ˈautput] n.产量输出, 输出功率•promote[prəˈməut] vt.提升, 提拔筹划, 发起, 创立推销〈正〉促进; 推动; 增进•summary[ˈsʌməri] adj.即刻的, 立即的匆忙的, 草率的概括的; 简要的n.摘要, 概要•commit[kəˈmit] vt.犯罪; 犯错承诺; 使自己受约束托付; 交付•emerge[iˈmə:dʒ] vi.出现; 显出; 暴露•integrate[ˈintiɡreit] vt.使结合成为整体vt. & vi.(使)融入•overall[ˈəuvərɔ:l] adj.总体的; 全面的; 综合的全面考虑的adv.大体上, 总的来说一切包括在内, 全部的n.长罩衣工装裤; 工作裤•regime[reiˈʒi:m] n.政治制度, 政权, 政体•undertake[ˌʌndəˈteik] vt.担任, 承揽; 保证着手, 开始Sublist 5•academy[əˈkædəmi] n.专科学校研究院, 学会•consult[kənˈsʌlt] vt.请教, 咨询; 找(医生)诊治翻阅, 查阅顾及, 考虑vt. & vi.商议, 商量•evolve[iˈvɔlv] vt. & vi.演变; 进化•licence[ˈlaisəns] n.许可证, 执照许可, 特许放纵, 放肆•orient[ˈɔ:riənt] n.东方, 亚洲vt.使熟悉, 使适应使朝向; 使确定位置•style[stail] n.风格, 格调; 文体行为方式, 作风种类, 类型; 流行式样; 款式风度;格调; 气派•adjust[əˈdʒʌst] vt. & vi.(改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正•contact[ˈkɔntækt] n.接触联系, 联络, 交往社会关系, 熟人, 门路触点, 接头vt. & vi.联系•expand[iksˈpænd] vt. & vi.使…变大, 扩大, 扩张伸展, 伸开, 张开, 展开•logic[ˈlɔdʒik] n.逻辑(学), 逻辑性推理方法合理的想法•perspective[pəˈspektiv] n.远景, 景前途; 希望透视透视图观点, 想法•substitute[ˈsʌbstitju:t] vt. & vi.代替, 替换, 代用•alter[ˈɔ:ltə] vt. & vi.改变, 更改•decline[diˈklain] n.下降, 减少, 衰退vi.(太阳)落下vt. & vi.辞谢; 谢绝(邀请等)•expose[iksˈpəuz] vt.曝光暴露; 显露揭露, 袒露•margin[ˈmɑ:dʒin] n.页边空白边, 边缘差数, 差额; 余地•precise[priˈsais] adj.精确的, 准确的恰好的; 正是的周密的, 细密的, 精细的•sustain[səˈstein] vt.承受, 支撑维持长期保持; 使继续经受, 遭受•amend[əˈmend] vt. & vi.改良; 修改, 修订•discrete[disˈkri:t] adj.分离的, 不相关联的•external[eksˈtə:nl] adj.外面的, 外部的外观的, 表面的外国的•medical[ˈmedikəl] adj.医学的, 医疗的, 医术的内科的•prime[praim] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最好的, 第一流的n.全盛时期vt.使准备好, 使完成准备工作事先指导, 事先向…提供情况•symbol[ˈsimbəl] n.象征, 标志符号, 记号•aware[əˈwɛə] adj.意识到的, 知道的•draft[drɑ:ft] n.草稿, 草案, 草图汇票应召入伍者; 特遣队vt.起草, 画草图, 草拟选派, 抽调征募, 征召…入伍•facilitate[fəˈsiliteit] vt.使便利, 减轻…的困难•mental[ˈmentl] adj.精神的, 头脑的, 心理的, 智力的精神病的•psychology[saiˈkɔlədʒi] n.心理学心理; 心理特点•target[ˈtɑ:ɡit] n.(射击的)靶子(欲达到的)目[指]标(服务的)对象; (攻击的)对象vt.瞄准某物•capacity[kəˈpæsiti] n.容量, 容积才能, 能力身份, 职位•enable[iˈneibl] vt.使能够; 提供做…的权利[措施]使可能•fundamental[ˌfʌndəˈmentəl] adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的n.基本原则, 基本法则•modify[ˈmɔdifai] vt.修饰vt. & vi.修改, 更改•pursue[pəˈsju:] vt.追捕, 追击追求继续; 从事, 经营•transit[ˈtrænsit] n.搬运; 载运; 运输•challenge[ˈtʃælindʒ] n.挑战, 邀请比赛怀疑, 质问艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑考验•energy[ˈenədʒi] n.活力, 干劲, 能力精力〈物〉能, 能量, 能源•generate[ˈdʒenəreit] vt.生成, 产生引起, 导致•monitor[ˈmɔnitə] n.监视器, 监听器; 检测器(学校)班长; 纠察员vt.监听, 监视监测, 检测•ratio[ˈreiʃiəu] n.比, 比率•trend[trend] n.趋势, 倾向流行•clause[klɔ:z] n.从句(法律文件等的)条款•enforce[inˈfɔ:s] vt.实施, 执行强迫, 迫使•generation[ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən] n.同时代的人, 一代人, 一代产生, 发生•network[ˈnetwə:k] n.网状物(电视与计算机)网络, 网状系统广播网, 电视网•reject[riˈdʒekt] n.被拒货品, 不合格产品vt.拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回舍弃, 排斥, 退掉•version[ˈvə:ʃən] n.(个人对事件的)描述, 说法, 看法版本, 形式译本, 剧本•compound[ˈkɔmpaund] n.复合物, 化合物(筑有围墙的)院子, (围起来的)场地vt.使混合, 使合成使严重; 使恶化•entity[ˈentiti] n.实体, 独立存在体, 实际存在物•image[ˈimidʒ] n.形象, 概念镜像, 影像, 图像印象酷似的人[物], 翻版比喻, 引喻, 明喻外形, 外表, 模样•notion[ˈnəuʃən] n.概念, 观念, 看法突然的念头, 奇想; 意图, 打算•revenue[ˈrevənju:] n.收入, 收益; 财政收入, 税收•welfare[ˈwelfɛə] n.健康, 幸福, 繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利(制度)•conflict[ˈkɔnflikt] n.战斗, 斗争冲突, 抵触, 争论vi.抵触, 冲突•equivalent[iˈkwivələnt] adj.相等的, 相当的•liberal[ˈlibərəl] adj.心胸宽阔的, 无偏见的慷慨的, 大方的开放的; 主张变革的自由的, 不拘一格的n.宽容大度的人自由主义者•objective[əbˈdʒektiv] adj.客观的; 不带偏见的n.目标; 目的•stable[ˈsteibl] adj.稳定的; 安定的沉稳[持重]的•whereas[hwɛərˈæz] conj.但是, 而Sublist 6•abstract[ˈæbstrækt] adj.抽象的抽象派的n.抽象, 抽象概念, 抽象性抽象派艺术作品摘要, 梗概vt.提取, 抽取做…的摘要•capable[ˈkeipəbl] adj.有能力的, 有技能的•exceed[ikˈsi:d] vi.(在数量、质量上)突出, 领先vt.超过; 超越•incidence[ˈinsidəns] n.发生率, 影响范围•migrate[maiˈɡreit] vi.迁移; 移往•recover[riˈkʌvə] vi.恢复健康(体力、能力等) vt.恢复; 重新获得, 找回〈正〉恢复(适当的状态或位置)•accurate[ˈækjurit] adj.精确的, 准确的正确无误的•cite[sait] vt.引用, 举例表彰, 嘉奖传唤, 传讯•expert[ˈekspə:t] adj.专家的, 内行的, 熟练的n.专家, 能手•incorporate[inˈkɔ:pəreit] vt.包含, 加上, 吸收把…合并, 使并入组成公司•minimum[ˈminiməm] adj.最低的, 最小的n.最低限度, 最小量•reveal[riˈvi:l] vt.显示; 露出泄露; 透露•acknowledge[əkˈnɔlidʒ] vt.承认, 供认告知已收到鸣谢, 感谢•cooperate[kəuˈɔpəreit] vi.合作; 配合, 协助•explicit[iksˈplisit] adj.详述的, 明确的, 明晰的直言的, 毫不隐瞒的, 露骨的•index[ˈindeks] n.索引标志, 象征; 量度(物价或工资的)指数〈数〉指数, 幂vt.给…编索引, 指示出•ministry[ˈministri] n.(政府的)部•scope[skəup] n.余地, 机会(处理、研究事务的)范围•aggregate[ˈæɡriɡit] n.〈正〉数, 总计vt.总计达…vt. & vi.(使)聚集•discriminate[disˈkrimineit] vi.歧视, 有差别地对待vt. & vi.分别, 辨别, 区分•federal[ˈfedərəl] adj.联邦(制)的联邦政府的•inhibit[inˈhibit] vt.阻止; 抑制•motive[ˈməutiv] n.动机, 目的•subsidy[ˈsʌbsidi] n.补贴, 津贴, 补助金•allocate[ˈæləkeit] vt.分配, 分派把…拨给•display[disˈplei] n.陈列, 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等vt.陈列, 展览显示, 显露•fee[fi:] n.费, 酬金•initiate[iˈniʃieit] vt.开始, 着手传授; 使初步了解接纳新成员, 让…加入•neutral[ˈnju:trəl] adj.中立的, 不偏不倚的中立(国家)的暗淡的; 非彩色的(化学中)中性的不带电的n.(汽车或其他机器的)空挡位置中立人士; 中立国•tape[teip] n.带子录音磁带; 录像带vt.用带子捆起来vt. & vi.录音•assign[əˈsain] vt.分配; 交给指派, 选派指定, 订出•diverse[daiˈvəs] adj.不同的, 多种多样的•flexible[ˈfleksəbl] adj.易弯曲的, 柔韧的灵活的, 可变通的•input[ˈinput] n.输入, 投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据vt.把…输入电脑•nevertheless[ˌnevəðəˈles] adv.仍然, 然而, 不过conj.尽管如此, 然而•trace[treis] n.踪迹; 痕迹; 形迹极微的量vt.追踪; 追溯发现; 找到描绘; 标出vt.& vi.缓慢而困难地书写•attach[əˈtætʃ] vt. & vi.贴上; 系; 附上•domain[dəuˈmein] n.范围, 领域版图, 领土地产, 产业•furthermore[ˈfə:ðəˌmɔ:] adv.而且, 此外•instruct[inˈstrʌkt] vt.命令, 指示教, 指导通知•overseas[ˌəuvəˈsi:z] adj.(在)海外的, (在)国外的(向或来自)外国的adv.在[向]海外; 在[向]国外•transform[trænsˈfɔ:m] vt. & vi.改变•author[ˈɔ:θə] n.著作家, 作者创造者, 创始人; 发起人•edit[ˈedit] vt.剪辑(电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等) vt. & vi.编辑•gender[ˈdʒendə] n.〈语〉性•intelligent[inˈtelidʒənt] adj.聪明的; 理解力强的•precede[ˌpriˈsi:d] vt. & vi.在…之前, 先于•transport[trænsˈpɔ:t] vt.运送; 流放使万分激动•bond[bɔnd] n.联系, 关系连接, 接合, 结合有息债券合同, 契约, 票据vt.使粘结, 使结合•enhance[inˈhɑ:ns] vt.提高, 增加, 加强•ignorant[ˈiɡnərənt] adj.无知的, 愚昧的•interval[ˈintəvəl] n.间隔时间幕间休息•presume[priˈzju:m] vi.冒昧地做某事; 错用自作主张, 放肆vt.以为; 假定•underlie[ˌʌndəˈlai] vt.位于或存在于(某物)之下构成…的基础(或起因); 引起•brief[bri:f] adj.短暂的, 短时间的简洁的, 简短的n.概要, 摘要vt.向…介绍基本情况, 作…的摘要•estate[isˈteit] n.土地, 地区庄园, 种植园地产, 财产; 遗产•incentive[inˈsentiv] n.激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因, 动机•lecture[ˈlektʃə] n.演讲; 讲课冗长的训斥[谴责] vt.责备, 教训, 训斥vt. & vi.(向…)演讲; (给…)讲课•rational[ˈræʃənl] adj.神智清楚的理性的; 理智的; 合理的; 出于理性的•utilize[ˈju:tilaiz] vt.利用, 使用Sublist 7•adapt[əˈdæpt] vt.改编, 改写vt. & vi.(使)适应, (使)适合•contrary[ˈkɔntrəri] adj.相反的, 相违的n.相反, 反面, 对立面•empirical[emˈpirikəl] adj.以观察或实验为依据的•identical[aiˈdentikəl] adj.同一的•phenomenon[fiˈnɔminən] n.现象特殊的人[事物]•submit[səbˈmit] vi.屈服, 认输vt.提交, 呈递〈正〉建议, 主张, 申辩•adult[ˈædʌlt] adj.成熟的成年人的, 适宜于成年人的n.成年的人或动物•convert[kənˈvə:t] vt. & vi.(使)转变, (使)转化皈依, 改变(信仰)•equip[iˈkwip] vt.装备, 配备使有能力, 使胜任•ideology[ˌaidiˈɔlədʒi] n.思想(体系), 思想意识•priority[praiˈɔriti] n.优先权, 重点优先考虑的事•successor[səkˈsesə] n.接替的人或事物, 继任者, 继承人•advocate[ˈædvəkeit] n.提倡者, 拥护者辩护律师, 辩护人vt.提倡, 主张•couple[ˈkʌpl] n.一对, 一双一些, 几个夫妻, 情侣vt.连接, 联结, 联系•extract[iksˈtrækt] n.摘录, 引用提炼物, 浓缩物vt.(费力地)拔出, 抽出提取, 榨出•infer[inˈfə:] vt.推断, 推知•prohibit[prəˈhibit] vt.禁止; 阻止•survive[səˈvaiv] vi.幸存, 活下来vt.比…活得长, 经历…之后还存在•aid[eid] n.帮助, 援助, 救助助手, 辅助物, 辅助手段vt.帮助, 援助•decade[ˈdekeid] n.十年, 十年间•file[fail] n.文件夹, 公文箱卷宗, 文件; 计算机文件纵列vi.排成纵队前进vt.把…归档提交(申请等), 呈递用锉锉•innovate[ˈinəuveit] vi.改革, 创新•publication[ˌpʌbliˈkeiʃən] n.发表, 公布出版, 刊行, 发行出版物, 书刊•thesis[ˈθi:sis] n.论题, 命题, 论点论文, 毕业(或学位)论文•channel[ˈtʃænl] n.海峡通道; 水沟, 水渠渠道, 途径频道•definite[ˈdefinit] adj.明确的, 确切的一定的, 肯定的•finite[ˈfainait] adj.有限的, 有限度的〈语〉限定的•insert[inˈsə:t] n.添入物(尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图) vt.插入, 嵌入•quote[kwəut] vt.提到…以支持某论点报(价); 开(价) vt. & vi.引用, 援引•topic[ˈtɔpik] n.题目, 论题, 话题•chemical[ˈkemikəl] adj.化学的n.化学药品•deny[diˈnai] vt.否认知情拒绝•foundation[faunˈdeiʃən] n.建立, 设立, 创办基础, 基本原理, 根据地基基金(会) •intervene[ˌɪntəˈvi:n] vi.干涉, 干预; 调解干扰, 阻碍•release[riˈli:s] n.释放, 排放, 解除释放令公映的新影片, 发布的新闻[消息] vt.释放; 放开发布; 发行; 发售•transmit[trænzˈmit] vt.传播, 传染传导vt. & vi.发射, 播送, 广播•classic[ˈklæsik] adj.(著作, 赛事等)最优秀的, (可作)典范的(病例等)典型的, 标准的(衣服, 设计等)传统式样的, 典雅的(因为时已久)著名的; 传统的n.文豪, 大艺术家; 文学名著, 经典作品, 杰作优秀的典范•differentiate[ˌdifəˈrenʃieit] vi.区别对待vt. & vi.区分, 区别, 辨别•globe[ɡləub] n.地球, 世界球体; 球状物地球仪•isolate[ˈaisəleit] vt.使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱离•reverse[riˈvə:s] adj.相反的, 颠倒的, 反向的n.相反钱币的反面[背面]失败, 挫败vt. & vi.(使)反转; (使)颠倒; (使)翻转推翻, 取消使倒退, 逆转•ultimate[ˈʌltimit] adj.最后的, 最终的基本的, 根本的最大的, 极限程度的•comprehensive[ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv] adj.广泛的, 综合的•dispose[disˈpəuz] vt.布置使愿意或准备做vt. & vi.处理; 处置•grade[ɡreid] n.(官阶、质量)等级, 品级, 阶段, 程度〈尤美〉 (考试或作业的)分数, 评分等级〈尤美〉 (学生受测试的)技巧水平(尤指音乐方面)〈美〉年级; (按年级划分的)小学生•media[ˈmi:djə] n.媒体•simulate[ˈsimjuleit] vt.假装模仿, 模拟•unique[ju:ˈni:k] adj.独一无二的, 仅有的, 惟一的异常的, 特有的, 少见的•comprise[kəmˈpraiz] vt.包含, 包括, 由…组成组成, 构成•dynamic[daiˈnæmik] adj.有活力的, 强有力的不断变化的动力的, 动态的•guarantee[ˌɡærənˈti:] n.保证, 保障; 保证书; 保用期担保, 担保人担保品, 抵押品vt.保证; 担保使(事情)可能发生•mode[məud] n.方式, 样式样式, 风格•sole[səul] adj.单独的, 惟一的专有的, 独占的•visible[ˈvizəbl] adj.看得见的, 可见的, 有形的明显的, 可察觉到的•confirm[kənˈfə:m] vt.证实, 证明; 肯定, 确认使巩固, 加强批准; 认可•eliminate[iˈlimineit] vt.消除, 排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉•hierarchy[ˈhaiərɑ:ki] n.等级制度统治集团, 领导层•paradigm[ˈpærədaim] n.(一词的)词形变化表范例; 样式; 模范•somewhat[ˈsʌmhwɔt] adv.稍微, 有点, 达到某种程度•voluntary[ˈvɔləntəri] adj.自愿的, 志愿的义务的, 无偿的。
Worldlist_Academic学术词汇生词本.
abandon abandoned abnormal abstract abstract abstract abstraction academic academic academy access access accessible accommodate accommodation accompaniment accompany accumulate accuracy accurate achieve achievement acknowledge acknowledgement acquire acquisition adapt adaptable adaptation adequate adjacent adjust adjustment administration administrative adult adult advocacy advocate advocate affect aggregate aggregate aggregate aid aid albeit conj allocate allocation alter alteration alternate alternate alternative alternative ambiguity ambiguous amend amendment analogous analogy analyse analysis analyst analytical analyze annual anticipate anticipation apparent append appendix appreciable appreciate appreciation approach approach appropriate approximate approximate approximation arbitrary area aspect assemble assembly assess assessment assign assignment assist assistance assume assuming conj assumption assurance assure attach attachment attain attainment attitude attributable attribute attribute author author authoritative authority authorship automate automated automatic automatically automation available aware awareness Academic Word List The following is a list of the words from the Academic Word List that are highlighted in this dictionary. Words shown i n bold are one of the ‘parent words’. Academic Word List 4 behalf beneficial beneficiary benefit benefit bias bias biased bond bond brevity brief brief brief briefing briefly bulk bulky capability capable capacity category cease challenge challenge challenging channel channel chapter chart chart chemical chemical circumstance citation cite civil clarification clarify clarity classic classic classical clause code code coded coding coherence coherent coincide coincidence coincident coincidental collapse collapse colleague commence commencement comment comment commentary commentator commission commission commit commitment committed commodity communicable communicate communication communicative community compatibility compatible compensate compensation compensatory compilation compile complement complement complementary complex complex complexity component component compound compound compound comprehensive comprise computation compute computer computing conceivable conceive concentrateconcentration concept conception conceptual conclude concluding conclusion conclusive concurrent conduct conduct confer conference confine confined confirm confirmation conflict conflict conform conformation conformist conformity consensus consent consent consequence consequent consequently considerable considerably consist consistency consistent constancy constant constant constantly constituency constituent constituent constitute constitution constitutional constrain constrained constraint construct construct construction constructive consult consultancy consultant consultation consultative consume consumer consumption contact contact contact contemporary contemporary context contextual contextualize contract contract contractor contradict contradiction contradictory contrary contrary contrast contrast contrasting contribute contribution contributor controversial controversy convene convention conventional converse conversely conversion convert convertible convince convinced convincing cooperate cooperation cooperative coordinate coordinate coordinate coordination coordinator core core core corporate corporation correspond correspondence corresponding couple couple create creation creative creativity creator credit credit creditor criterion crucial cultural culturally culture currency cycle cycle cyclic data debatable debate debate decade decline decline deduce 5 Academic Word List deduction define definite definitely definition definitive demonstrable demonstrate demonstration demonstrative demonstrator denial denote deny depress depression derivation derivative derivative derive design design designer despite prep detect detection detective detector deviate deviation device devote devoted devotion differentiate dimension diminish diminution discrete discretion discretionary discriminate discrimination disestablish displace displacement display display disposable disposal dispose disproportion disproportionate dissimilar distinct distinction distinctive distinctly distort distribute distribution distributive diverse diversify diversity document document documentation domain domestic domesticate domesticated dominance dominant dominate draft draft draft drama dramatic dramatist dramatize duration dynamic dynamic economic economical economically economics economist economy edit edition editor editorialeditorial element eliminate elimination emerge emergence emergent emerging emphasis emphasize emphatic empirical empiricism enable enabling encounter encounter energetic energy enforce enforced enforcement enhance enhanced enormity enormous enormously ensure entity environment environmental environmentalist equate equation equip equipment equivalent equivalent erode erosion erroneous error establish established establishment estate estimate estimate estimation ethic ethical ethnic ethnic evaluate evaluation eventual eventuality eventually evidence evident evidential evidently evolution evolutionary evolve exceed exclude excluding prep exclusion exclusive exclusively exhibit exhibit exhibition expand expansion expansionism expansive expert expert expertise explicit exploit exploitation export export exporter expose exposed exposure external externalize extract extract extraction facilitate facilitator facility factor factor feature feature federal federation fee file file filing final final finality finalize finally finance finance financial financier finite flexibility flexible fluctuate fluctuation focus focus focussed format format formula formulate forthcoming found foundation founder founding framework function function functional fund fund fundamental fundamentally funding Academic Word List 6 furthermore gender generate generation globalization globe goal grade grade graded grant grant guarantee guarantee guideline hence hierarchical hierarchy highlight hypothesis hypothesize hypothetical identical identifiable identification identify identity ideological ideology ignorance ignorant ignore illegal illogical illustrate illustration illustrative image imagery immature immigrant immigrate immigration impact impact implement implement implicate implication implicit imply impose imposition imprecise inaccessible inaccuracy inaccurate inadequacy inadequate inappropriate incapable incapacitate incentive incidence incident incidentally inclination incline incline incoherent income incompatible inconceivable inconclusive inconsistency inconsistent incorporate incorporated indefinite indefinitely index index indicate indication indicative indicative indicator indiscretion indistinct individual individual individualism individualist individuality individually induce induction inevitability inevitable inevitablyinfer inference infinite infinitely inflexible infrastructure inherent inhibit inhibition initial initially initiate initiation initiative initiator injure injured injury innovate innovation innovative innovator input input insecure insert insertion insight insightful insignificant inspect inspection inspector instability instance instance institute institute institution institutional institutionalized instruct instruction instructive instructor insufficient integral integrate integrated integration integrity intelligence intelligent intense intensify intensity intensive interact interaction interactive intermediate internal internalize interpret interpretation interpretative interpretive interval intervene intervening intervention intrinsic invalidate invalidity invariable invariably invest investigate investigation investigative investigator investment investor invisible invoke involve involvement irrational irrelevance irrelevant irreversible isolate isolated isolation isolationism issue issue item job journal justifiable justification justified justify label label labor labored labour labour laboured layer layer lecture lecture lecturer legal legality legally legislate legislation legislative legislator legislature levy levy liberal liberal liberalism liberalize liberally liberate liberated licence license licensed likewise link link linkage locate location logic logical logician maintain maintenance major majority manipulate manipulative manual manual margin marginal marginally maturation mature mature maturity maximize maximum maximum mechanism media mediate medical medium medium mental mentality method methodical methodology migrant migrate migration migratory military military minimal minimize minimum minimum ministerial ministry minor minority misinterpret mode modification modify monitor motivated motivation motive motive mutual mutually negate negative negative network network networking neutral neutrality neutralize nevertheless nonconformist nonetheless norm normal normal normality normalize normally notion notwithstanding prep nuclear objective objective objectively obtain obtainable obvious obviously occupancy occupant occupation occupational occupier occupy occur occurrence odd odds offset ongoing option optional orient orientate orientated orientation oriented outcome output output overall overall overestimate overestimate overlap overlap overseas overseas panelparadigm paragraph parallel parallel parallel parameter participant participate participation participatory partner partnership passive passive perceive percent percent percentage perception period periodic periodical persist persistence persistent perspective phase phase phenomenal phenomenon philosopher philosophical philosophize philosophy physical physically plus prep plus plus policy portion pose pose positive positively potential potential potentially practitioner precede precedence precedent preceding precise precisely precision precision predict predictable prediction predominance predominant predominantly predominate preliminary preliminary presumably presume presumption previous previously primacy primarily primary prime principal principally principle principled prior prioritize priority procedural procedure proceed proceeding proceeds process process processed professional professional professionalism professionally prohibit prohibition prohibitive project project projection promote promoter promotion proportion proportional proportionate prospect prospective protocol psychological psychologist psychology publication publish publisher publishing purchase purchase pursue pursuit qualitative quotation quote quote radical radical random range range ratio rational rationalism rationalize react reaction reactionary reactionary reactivate reactive reactor readjust reassess reconstruct reconstruction recover recovery recreate redistribute redistribution refine refined refinement regime region regional register register registration regulate regulation regulator regulatory reinforce reinforcement reinvest reject rejection relax relaxation release release relevant reliable reliance reliant relocate reluctance reluctant rely removable removal remove remove require requirement reschedule research research reside residence resident resident residential resolution resolve resolve resource resource resourceful respond respondent response responsive restoration restore restored restrain restraint restrict restricted restriction restrictive restructure retain retainer retention retentive reveal revealing revelation revenue reversal reverse reverse reverse reversible revise revision revolution revolutionary revolutionary revolutionize rigid role route route scenario schedule schedule schematic scheme schemescope section section sector secure secure securely security seek select select selection selective selector sequence sequencing sequential series sex sexism sexual sexuality shift shift significant significantly signify similar similarity similarly simulate simulated simulation site sole solely somewhat source source specific specific specifically specification specify sphere spherical stability stabilize stable statistic statistician status straightforward strategic strategist strategy stress stress stressed stressful structural structure structure structured style style styling stylish stylized submission submit subordinate subordinate subordinate subsequent subsequently subsidiary subsidize subsidy substitute substitute substitution succession successive successor sufficiency sufficient sum sum summarize summary summary summation supplement supplement supplementary survey survey survival survive survivor suspend suspension sustain sustainable sustained sustenance symbol symbolic symbolism symbolize tape tape target target task task team team technical technically technique technological technology temporary tense tension terminal terminal terminate termination text textual thematic theme theoretical theoretically theorist theory thereby thesis topic topical trace trace tracing tradition traditional traditionalist transfer transfer transference transform transformation transit transition transitional transitory transmission transmit transport transport transportation transporter trend trigger trigger ultimate ultimately unaccompanied unaffected unaided unalterable unambiguous unanticipated unapproachable unattached unattainable unavailable unaware unbiased uncharted unconstitutional unconventional undeniable underestimate underestimate undergo underlie underlying undertake undertaking underwent undiminished uneconomical unethical unfounded unification unified uniform uniformity unify unique unjustified unlicensed unobtainable unparalleled unprecedented unpredictable unprincipled unpublished unregulated unreliable unresolved unresponsive unrestrained unrestricted unscheduled unspecified unstable unstressed unstructured unsustainable utility utilize valid validate variable variable variance variant variation varied vary vehicle version via prep violate violation virtual virtually visibility visible visibly vision visual visualizevisually volume voluntarily voluntary volunteer volunteer welfare whereas conj whereby widespread。
AWL英语学术词汇表
实用文档《英语常用学术词汇表》《英语学术词汇表》 (The Academic Word List, AWL)是一个由 Victoria University of Well ington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表，它包含了学术英语 (English for Ac ademic Purpose)中最常用的 570 个词目(headwords) 。
《英语学术词汇表》分 10 个 sublists (小类)，除了第 10 小类包含 30 个词目外，其他小类均含有 60 个词目。
Sublist 1 (第 1 类)包含的词汇最常用， sublist 2 (第 2 类)中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的 sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist1of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzingapproachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingeconomyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishments estimateestimatedestimates legislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislature majormajoritiesmajority methodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethods occuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurs percent实用文档assessmentassessments reassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessedassumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptionsauthorityauthoritativeauthoritiesavailableavailabilityunavailablebenefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredbenefitsconceptfactoringfactorsconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptuallyformulaconsistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistencies financedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersfinancingformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatepercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementfinancerequirementsrequiresrequiring researchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearching respondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingresponds实用文档inconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatecreated creatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsreformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicators individualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividuals interpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurally.实用文档recreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distribute distributed distributing distribution distributional distributions distributive distributor distributors redistribute redistributed redistributes redistributingredistributioninterpreting structuredinterpretive structuresinterprets structuring misinterpret unstructuredmisinterpretationtheorymisinterpretationstheoreticalmisinterpreted theoretically misinterpreting theoriesmisinterprets theoristreinterpret theorists reinterpretedvaryreinterprets invariable reinterpreting invariablyreinterpretation variability reinterpretations variableinvolve variablesinvolved variablyinvolvement varianceinvolves variantinvolving variantsuninvolved variationissue variationsissued variedissues variesissuing varyinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalitylegallySublist2of the Academic Word List实用文档achieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrations distinctelementequateevaluatedistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementsequatedequatesequatingequationequationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministratorsaffectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffectedappropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyfinal inappropriateinappropriatelyaspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinals featureparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatory perceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptions positivepositively potentialpotentially previouspreviously primaryprimarily purchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasing rangerangedrangesranging regionregionalregionallyregions regulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulating实用文档unassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusivefocusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizing institutionallyinstitutions investinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecurities实用文档inconclusively conductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscreditscultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultureddesigndesigneddesignerdesignersinvestorinvestors investsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormally obtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainablesecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfers实用文档designingdesignsSublist3of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsentsconsiderableconsiderablyconstantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantlyconstrainconstrainedemphasis emphasiseemphasisedemphasising emphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizing emphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcluded excludesexcluding exclusionexclusionaryexclusionist exclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworks fundfundedfunderfundersfundingfunds illustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrations philosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionaries实用文档constrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecores corporatecorporatescorporationcorporationsillustrativeimmigrate immigrantimmigrants immigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteracted interactinginteraction interactionsinteractiveinteractively interactsjustifyjustifiable justifiablyjustificationjustifications justifiedjustifies justifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkageslinkedlinkinglinks locatereactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencing.实用文档correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriteriondeducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductionsdemonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstratorsdocumentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocumentsdominatedominancedominant dominateddominatesdominatingdominationlocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemax maximisedmaximises maximisingmaximisation maximizemaximized maximizesmaximizingmaximization maximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomes partnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipssequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvol实用文档Sublist4of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparentlyapproximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescodingcommitcommitmentcommitmentserrorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplements implicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplications imposeimposedimposesimposingimposition parallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotes实用文档commitscommittedcommittingcommunicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicativeconcentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensionsintegrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabellinglabels mechanismmechanisms obviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedpromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarised实用文档multidimensionaldomesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomesticsemergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemerging optionoutputoveralloccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionaloptionsoutputssummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist5of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalternateexpandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansive exposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizing orientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientation perspectiveperspectives preciseimprecisepreciselyprecision primeprimacy psychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologists pursue.实用文档alternatingaltersunalterableunalteredamendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamendsawareawarenessunawarecapacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitatedchallengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclausescompoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflictsconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsultingcontactexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberals licencepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstituted.实用文档contactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergiesenforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcingentityentitiesequivalentequivalenceevolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolveslicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodified modifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitored networknetworkednetworkingnetworks notionnotions objectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewhe实用文档evolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist6of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocationsassignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningenhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalfederationfederations feeflexibilityinflexibleinflexibility furthermore gendergenders ignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoring incentiveincentives neutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalising.实用文档reassignsunassigned attachattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbonds briefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapabilityincapablecitecitationcitationscitedcitingcitescooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operatesincidence incidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputs instructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructs intelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformations。
AWL词表(学术词表--Academic_Word_List)
Academic Word ListIntroductionThe Academic Word List (AWL) was developed by Averil Coxhead at the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. The list contains 570 word families which were selected because they appear with great frequency in a broad range of academic texts. The list does not include words that are in the most frequent 2000 words of English (the General Service List), thus making it specific to academic contexts. The AWL was primarily made so that it could be used by teachers as part of a programme preparing learners for tertiary level study or used by students working alone to learn the words most needed to study at colleges and universities.The 570 words are divided into 10 sublists. The sublists are ordered such that the words in the first sublist are the most frequent words and those in the last sublist are the least frequent.ListSublist 1 sector• available • financial • process • individual • specific • principle • estimate • variables • method • data• research • contract • environment • export• source • assessment • policy• identified • create• derived• factors• procedure• definition• assume• theory• benefit• evidence• established• authority• major• issues• labour / labor• occur• economic• involved• percent• interpretation• consistent• income• structure• legal• concept• formula• section• required• constitutional• analysis• distribution• func tion• area• approach• role• legislation• indicate• response• period• context• significant• similar•Sublist 2community• resident• range• construction• strategies• elements• previous • conclusion • security• aspects• acquisition • features• text• commission • regulations • computer • items• consumer • achieve• final• positive• evaluation • assistance • normal• relevant• distinction • region• traditional • impact• consequences • chapter• equation• appropriate • resources• participation • survey• potential• cultural• transfer• select• credit• affect• categories• perceived• sought• focus• purchase• injury• site• journal• primary• complex• institute• i nvestment• administration• maintenance• design • obtained• restricted• conduct •Sublist 3Comments• convention• published• framework• implies• negative• dominant• illustrated• outcomes• constant• shift• deduction• ensure• specified• justification• funds• reliance• physical• partnership• location• link• coordination• alternative• initial• validity• task• techniques• excluded• consent• proportion• demonstrate• reaction• criteria• minori ties• technology• philosophy• removed• sex• compensation• sequence• corresponding• maximum• circumstances• instance• considerable • sufficient • corporate • interaction • contribution • immigration • component • constraints • technical • emphasis • scheme• layer• volume• document • registered • core •Sublist 4 overall• emerged• regime• implementation • project• hence• occupational • internal• goals• retained• sum• integration • mechanism • para llel• imposed• despite• job• parameters• approximate• label• concentration• principal• series• predicted• summary• attitudes• undertaken• cycle• communication• ethnic• hypothesis• professional• status• conference• a ttributed• annual• obvious• error• implications• apparent• commitment• subsequent• debate• dimensions• promote• statistics• option• domestic• output• access• code• investigation• phase• prior• granted• stress• civ il• contrast• resolutionadequate •Sublist 5Alter• stability• energy• aware• licence / license• enforcement• draft• styles• precise• medical• pursue• symbolic• marginal• capacity• generation• exposure• decline• acad emic• modified• external • psychology • fundamental • adjustment • ratio• whereas • enable• version • perspective • contact • network • facilitate • welfare • transition • amendment • logic rejected • expansion • clause• prime• t arget• objective • sustainable • equivalent • liberal• notion• substitution • generated • trend• revenue • compounds • evolution • conflict • image• discretion• entities• orientation• consultation• mental• monitoring• challenge•Sublist 6Intelligence• transformation• presumption• acknowledged• utility• furthermore• accurate• diversity• attached• recovery• assigned• tapes• motivation• bond• edition• nevertheless• transport• cited• fees• sc ope• enhanced• incorporated• instructionssubsidiary• input• abstract• ministry• capable• expert• preceding• display• incentive• inhibition• trace• ignored• incidence• estate• cooperative• revealed• index• lecture• discrimination• overseas• explicit• aggregate• gender• underlying• brief• domain• rational• minimum• interval• neutral• migration• flexibility• federal• author• initiatives • allocation • exceed •Sublist 7 intervention • confirmed • definite• classical • chemical • voluntary • release• visible• finite• publication • channel• file• thesis• equipment • disposal • solely• deny• identical • submitted • grade• phenomenon • paradigm • ultimate ly • extract• survive• converted • transmission • global• inferred• guarantee• advocate• dynamic• simulation• topic• insert• reversedecades• comprise• hierarchical• unique• comprehensive• couple• mode• differentiation• eliminate• priority• empirical• ideology• somewhat• aid• foundation• adults• adaptation• quotation• contrary• mediaSuccessive• innovation• prohibited• isolated •Sublist 8Highlighted• eventually• inspection• termi nation• displacement• arbitrary• reinforced• denote• offset• exploitation• detected• abandon• random• revision• virtually• uniform• predominantly• thereby• implicit• tension• ambiguous• vehicle• clarity• conformity• contemporary• automatically• accumulation• appendix• widespread• infrastructure• deviation• fluctuations • restore• guidelines • commodity • minimises • practitioners • radical• plus• visual• chart• appreciation • prospect• dramatic • contradiction • currency • inevitably • complement • accompany • paragraph • induced • schedule• intensity • crucial• via• exhibit• bias• manipulation • theme• nuclear •Sublist 9Bulk• behalf • unified• commenced• erosion• anticipated• minimal• ceases• vision• mutual• norms• intermediate• manual• supplementary• incompatible• concurrent• ethical• preliminary• integral• conversely• relaxed• confined• accommodation• temporary• di storted• passive• subordinate• analogousmilitary• scenario• revolution• diminished• coherence• suspended• mature• assurance• rigid• controversy• sphere• mediation• format• trigger• qualitative• portion• medium• co incide• violation• device• insights• refine• devoted• team• overlap• attained• restraints• inherent• route• protocol• founded• duration •Sublist 10Whereby• inclination• encountered• convinced• assembly• albeit• enor mous• reluctant• posed• persistent• undergo• notwithstanding • straightforward • panelodd• intrinsic• compiled• adjacent• integrity• forthcoming• conceived• ongoing• so-called• likewise• nonetheless• levy• invoked• co lleagues• depression• collapse •。