IMPERFECT-PRETERITE

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动词

动词
关闭
close
close结束
closed关闭的
收集
collect
collection
collective集体的
舒适
comfort安慰
comfort
comfortable
uncomfortable
discomfort(v、n)
(使)不舒服,尴尬
沟通
communicate
communication
communicative
developed发展的
developing发展中的
devote
devotion
devoted忠诚的
区别,不同
differ
difference
different
differently
困难
difficulty
difficult
使失望
disappoint
disappointment
disappointed/disappointing
addicted沉溺于
addict有瘾的人
addictive使人上瘾的
做广告
advertise
advertisement(单则)广告(可数)
advertiser
advertising(总称)广告,(不可数)
影响,打动
affect
effect
effection爱慕、钟爱
侵略,侵犯
aggression
aggressive攻击性的
forgetful健忘的
forgettable易被忘记的
unforgettable
运气
fortune好运,财富
fortunate幸运的
unfortunate

科技英语单词

科技英语单词
matrix number
(唱片)复制模版编号
matrix sentence
(转换语法中的)主句,母句
Rome was the matrix of Western civilization.
罗马是西方文明之母。
absorption matrix
【经济】投入矩阵
accounting matrix
会计矩阵1-
相关系数矩阵,相关矩阵
cost matrix
价值矩阵
coupled matrix
耦合矩阵
covarian matrix
协度矩阵
covariance matrix
协方差矩阵
cross-bar addressed dot matrix
正交线寻址点矩阵
cross-products matrix
交叉乘积矩阵
相伴(矩)阵
augmented matrix
增广矩阵
autocorrelation matrix
自相关矩阵
auxiliary matrix
辅助矩阵
band matrix
带状矩阵
basic generated matrix
基本生成矩阵
basis matrix
基矩阵
behavioural matrix
行为矩阵
A general trend or tendency, as of opinion.See Synonyms at tendency
潮流:总的倾向,如指观点参见tendency
General meaning or purport; tenor:
大意:大致的意思或要旨;目的:
caught the drift of the conversation.

考研英语核心词汇(音标版)

考研英语核心词汇(音标版)

考研英语核心词汇第1天任务instrumentalist [,instru'mentəlist, instrə-]乐器演奏者;工具主义者aggravate ['æɡrəveit]使恶化;使严重prominent ['prɔminənt]突起的,凸出的 a ~ forehead prompt [prɔmpt]敏捷的,迅速的 He is ~ on the jobpreach [pri:tʃ]讲道,布道~ to a packed churchpreside [pri'zaid]主持,主管(at, over)The vice chairman of the board will ~ at today’s meetingintellectual [,intə'lektjuəl, -tʃuəl]n. 知识分子 adj. 智力的,显示智力的preoccupation [pri:,ɔkju'peiʃən] n. 当务之急;抢先占据theological [,θi:ə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 神学的;神学性质的civility [si'viləti] n. 文明,文化virtuosity [,və:tju'ɔsəti] n. 艺术鉴别力;艺术上的精湛技巧sermon ['sə:mən] n. 训诫,说教,布道routine [ru:'ti:n] n. 常规,例行公事 a. 日常的, 常规的paradoxical [,pærə'dɔksikəl] a. 反论的,荒谬的,自相矛盾的harassment ['hærəsmənt, hə'ræsmənt] n.骚扰,扰乱;烦恼,烦乱presume [pri'zju:m, -'zu:m]推测,假定,假设From the way they talked, I ~d them to be marriedprevail [pri'veil, pri:-]流行,盛行 This custom still ~s among members of the older generationprey [prei]被捕食的动物,捕获物 The lion seized its ~ and ate itprick [prik]一刺,一扎 The boy burst the balloon with a ~ of the needleproceed [prəu'si:d](尤指停顿或打断后)继续进行 The train ~ed at the same speed as beforerape [reip] n.强奸;破坏,蹂躏 vt.强奸;破坏,蹂躏rash [ræʃ] a.轻率的,鲁莽的 [反]deliberate n.皮疹guideline ['ɡaidlain] n.指导方针,指导原则,准则,标准gut [ɡʌt] n.[pl.]胆量;内脏a.本能的vt.取出内脏habitat ['hæbitæt] n.(动物的)栖息地,(植物的)产地refugee [,refju'dʒi:, 'refjudʒi:] n.(政治上的)避难者,难民refund [ri'fʌnd] n.v. 退款;赔偿relish ['reliʃ] n.喜好,乐趣;美味;胃口 v.爱好,喜欢remnant ['remnənt] n.残余,剩余;残余物,残存部分renaissance [ri'neisns] n.[the R-]文艺复兴(时期);新生,复兴ritual ['ritjuəl, -tʃu-]a.宗教仪式的,典礼的 n.仪式,典礼;惯例salvation [sæl'veiʃən] n.(尤指基督)救世,超度;拯救,解困sanction ['sæŋ,kʃən] v.同意(某事),批准,认可 n.批准,国际制裁sane [sein] a.心智健全的,神志清醒的;明断的,理智的sarcastic [sɑ:'kæztik] a.讽刺的,嘲笑的,挖苦的saturate ['sætʃəreit, 'sætʃərit] vt.使湿透,浸透;使充满,使饱和repertoire ['repətwɑ:] n.全部剧目,保留剧目,全部技能repression [ri'preʃən] n.压抑,压制,镇压retention [ri'tenʃən] n.保留;保持;记忆(力)retort [ri'tɔ:t] n.v.报复;反击;反驳boost [bu:st] n.促进,激励;一抬;一推 vt.推动,增强bowel ['bauəl] n.肠;[pl.]内部,深处retrieve [ri'tri:v] vt.重新得到,取回;挽回,补救;检索retrospect ['retrəuspekt] v.n.回顾,回想,追溯[反]foresee revelation [,revə'leiʃən] n.揭示,透露,显示;被揭示的真相,新发现rut [rʌt] n.车辙,常轨,惯例v.在……形成车辙redundant [ri'dʌndənt] a.被解雇的;多余的,过剩的chromosome ['krəuməsəum]性染色体virtually ['və:tʃuəli]事实上;差不多disdain [dis'dein]蔑视;鄙视第2天任务anemia [ə'ni:miə]反常的boycott ['bɔikɔt] 拒绝购买,抵制troupe [tru:p] 剧团;巡回演出philharmonic [,filhɑ:'mɔnik, ,filə-] 交响乐团的;爱好音乐的pension ['penʃən]退休金;养老金;抚恤金lobby ['lɔbi]游说;疏通compelling [kəm'peliŋ] 有说服力的;扣人心悬的intuitively [in'tju:itivli]直觉的;直观的virtuosity [,və:tju'ɔsəti]精湛技艺;艺术爱好者priority [prai'ɔrəti] n. 优先(权) v. 把……(计划或目标)列入优先地位recession [ri'seʃən] n. 撤回,工商业之衰退,不景气deride [di'raid] v. 嘲弄,嘲笑ancestor ['ænsestə] n. 祖先,先驱,起源foreseeable ['fɔ:si:əbl] adj. 可预知的,能预测的,能看透的boost [bu:st] v.推进paternal [pə'tə:nl] adj.父亲的, 象父亲的kinship ['kinʃip] n.血缘关系genealogist [,dʒi:ni'ælədʒist] n.系谱学者, 系谱专家swabbing ['swɔbiŋ] n. 拖把, 药签vt.拭抹, 擦洗saliva [sə'laivə] n.口水, 唾液hawk [hɔ:k] n.鹰, 鹰派成员vi.放鹰, 像鹰一般地袭击 vt.捕捉, 咳出, 兜售mitochondrial [,maitəu'kɔndriəl] n.【生】线粒体rigorous ['riɡərəs] a.严格的,严厉的,严酷的(气候条件)riot ['raiət] n.暴(骚)乱;(色彩等)极度丰富vi.聚众闹事rip [rip] v.猛撕开;扯开;被撕开;裂开scandal ['skændəl] n.丑事,丑闻;流言蜚语;反感,愤慨scramble ['skræmbl] vi.(快速地)爬,攀登;互相争夺,争先siege [si:dʒ] n.包围,围攻,围困sceptical ['skeptikəl] a.怀疑的skim [skim] vt.撇去(液体表面)之漂浮物 vi.轻轻掠过skip [skip] vi.略过,跳过 n.跳跃 vt.故意忽略;略过texture ['tekstʃə] n.(织物)质地;(材料)构造;结构;肌理transcend [træn'send, trɑ:n-] vt. 超出,超越(理性等)的范围abolish [ə'bɔliʃ]彻底废除(法律、制度、习俗等)abolish old custoprime [praim] a.首要的,主要的 a matter of ~ importance foul [faul] a.令人不快的;恶臭的;邪恶的 v.弄脏 n.(体育等)犯规fridge [fridʒ] n.(refrigerator的略语)冰箱radiant ['reidiənt] a.(面容、目光)洋溢着幸福的,明亮照耀的rap [ræp] vt.急敲;突然厉声说出;训斥n.急敲(声)thermal ['θə:məl] a.热的,由热造成的~burnstrail [treil]痕迹,足迹 a ~ of destruction left by the violencetramp [træmp]步行,跋涉 He loves ~ing over the hills fringe [frindʒ] n.边缘;(窗帘)缘饰;额前垂发 vt.饰…的边fume [fju:m] n.(usu pl.)(浓烈或难闻的)烟,气,汽blur [blə:] n.模糊不清的事物 vt.使模糊,使看不清楚browse [brauz] vi.随意翻阅,浏览;(牛、羊等)吃草prior ['praiə]在先的,在前的 Stop making public statements without their ~ approval hereprivilege ['privilidʒ]特权,优惠,特免 In countries where there are still not many schools, education is a ~probe [prəub]探索,探查,调查~ the roots of war absolute ['æbsəlju:t, ,æbsə'lju:t]纯粹的,完全的 have absolute trust in sb.verge [və:dʒ]边,边缘,边沿 the ~ of a streamverify ['verifai]证明,证实Subsequent events verified my suspicionsvertical ['və:tikəl]垂直的,立式的 a ~ engineveto ['vi:təu]否决,否决权,否决权的行使 The rest of the committee could not accept the ~accustom [ə'kʌstəm]使习惯于 accustom oneself to rising (to rise) earlyacquaint [ə'kweint]使认识,使了解第3天任务homogenization [hɔ,mɔdʒənai'zeiʃən, -ni'z-]同化;均匀化toxic ['tɔksik] a.有毒的,因中毒引起的breach [bri:tʃ] n.违反,不履行;破裂 vt.冲破,攻破briefcase ['bri:fkeis] n.手提箱,公事皮包ambiguous [æm'biɡjuəs]含糊不清的,模棱两可的an ambiguous answerozone ['əuzəun] n. 臭氧;清新的空气pact [pækt] n.合同,条约,公约tournament ['tuənəmənt, 'tɔ:-, 'tə:-]锦标赛;联赛paperback ['peipəbæk] n.平装本,简装本script [skript] n.剧本(原稿);手稿,原稿;笔迹,手迹scrutiny ['skru:tini] n.周密的调查;仔细看;监视;选票复查sculpture ['skʌlptʃə] n.雕刻(术),雕塑(术);雕刻作品tame [teim]驯化的,驯服的,温顺的~animailstan [tæn]棕黄色,黄褐色 buy some shoes in tanabrupt [ə'brʌpt]突然的,意外的 an abrupt departure acute [ə'kju:t]尖锐的,敏锐的 an acute thinkerversatile ['və:sətail]多才多艺的 a ~ manversus ['və:səs]诉讼,竞赛等中以……为对手 The match tonight is China ~ Japanblunt [blʌnt]钝的 The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.blush [blʌʃ](因害羞、激动、窘困)脸红 blush with(或for)joydemonstrate ['demənstreit]论证,证明:demonstrate a philosophical principlethrill [θril]使非常兴奋,使非常激动 It’s a sight that never fails to ~ methrive [θraiv]兴旺发达,繁荣 His business is thriving mania ['meiniə]狂躁;狂热tempt [tempt]引诱,诱惑 Nothing could ~ me to do such a thing strain [strein]拉紧,绷紧 If you ~ the elastic any more, it will breakstrap [stræp]带,皮带 silks ~sstretch [[stretʃ]]伸直,伸长 He yawned and ~ed himselfstride [straid] 阔步前进,大踏步走He strode to the platform string [striŋ]细绳,线,带 She took the parcel and started to undo the stringstrip [strip]剥去,除去 The wind stripped the tree of all its leavestoast ['təust]烤面包,吐司 two slices of ~】noteworthy ['nəut,wə:ði]值得注意的;显著的quirk [kwə:k]巧合;怪癖第4天任务fallout ['fɔ:l'aut]放射性尘埃;后果;余波neurology [,njuə'rɔlədʒi]神经病学的;神经的token ['təukən]表示,标志,象征He did that as a ~ of good faithtorture ['tɔ:tʃə]拷打,拷问~ a confession from a prisoner accommodate [ə'kɔmədeit]使适应,使符合一accommodate oneself to changed circumstancesunfold [,ʌn'fəuld]展开,打开~ a newspaperupdate [ʌp'deit, 'ʌpdeit]更新,使现代化~a textbookuphold [ʌp'həuld]举起,高举 He upheld his clenched hand adhere [əd'hiə]黏附,附着 Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another.adjacent [ə'dʒeisənt]临近的,毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbsadjoin [ə'dʒɔin]贴近,与...毗邻 His house adjoins the lake.thrust [θrʌst] 推,刺,戳,插,挤He was ~ into powertilt [tilt]使倾斜,使倾倒 Tilt your head back so that I can look down your throattoss [tɔs, tɔ:s]扔,抛,掷 The children tossed the ball to each othertough [tʌf]坚韧的,牢固的 Some plastic are as ~ as metal tow [təu]拖,拉,牵引 tow a damaged ship into portabsurd [əb'sə:d]荒谬的,荒唐的 The idea that number 14 brings bad luck is absurd.uproar ['ʌprɔ:]骚乱,骚动The public ~over unclear-radiation hazards continues to mountutter ['ʌtə]发出(声音等),说,吐露~ the truthlavatory ['lævətəri, -,tɔ:ri]盥洗室;洗手间cognitive ['kɔɡnitiv]认知的;后天习得的slope [sləup]倾斜,有坡度 The ground ~s down sharply at this pointsly [slai]狡猾的,偷偷的 a ~answersmash [smæʃ]打碎,打破,摧毁 The ball ~ed the window snatch [snætʃ]夺得,一把抓住 The thief ~ed her handbag and ran offimmune [i'mju:n] 免除的,豁免的:Nobody is immune from criticism impact ['impækt, im'pækt]冲击,撞击:the impact of light on the eyeimpair [im'pεə]削弱,减少:The output of produce was impaired by the bad weatherimpartial [im'pɑ:ʃəl]公正的,无偏见的:A judge should be impartialimplement ['implimənt, 'impliment]工具,器具,用具:new types of farm implementsstitch [stitʃ]一针,针脚 Make your ~es closer together compliance [kəm'plaiəns]服从;顺从;可塑性superfluous [sju'pə:fluəs] 过多的,剩余的,多余的a ~remark supervise ['sju:pəvaiz]监督,管理,指导~ sb’s every move vanish ['væniʃ]突然消失,逐渐消散 With a wave of his hand, the magician made the rabbitveil [veil]面纱,面罩 Jewish women wore ~s in token of reverence and submissionventilate ['ventileit]使通风,使空气流通~ a roomventure ['ventʃə]冒险,冒险行动,投机行动take a ~ in oil uncover [,ʌn'kʌvə]揭开,揭露~ a dish of food underestimate [,ʌndə'estimeit]低估~ the difficulties of the taskreassure [,ri:ə'ʃuə] v.使安心,使放心;使消除疑虑highlight ['hailait] n. 精彩场面,最显著(重要)部分vt. 加亮, 使显著falter ['fɔ:ltə] 颤抖;蹒跚;衰弱forfeit ['fɔ:fit]被罚;罚金;没收provocation 挑衅;激怒connotation [,kɔnəu'teiʃən]含义;言外之意第5天任务susceptible [sə'septəbl]易受影响的;易感染的;易动感情的vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl]易受伤的;脆弱的recede [ri'si:d] v.退去;缩进;收回,撤回 [反]approach recipient [ri'sipiənt] n.a person who receives sth 收到者reckless ['reklis] a.不注意的,大意的,卤莽的,不顾后果的rectangle ['rek,tæŋɡl] n.[数]矩形, 长方形recur [ri'kə:] v.(尤指不好的事)一再发生;重现portray [pɔ:'trei, pəu-] v.描写,描述;画(人物、景象等)prone [prəun] a.(to)易于…的,很可能…的;俯卧的prophet ['prɔfit] n.预言家;先知;提倡者undergo [,ʌndə'ɡəu]经历,遭受,忍受~ much suffering underlie [,ʌndə'lai]位于……之下 Many facts ~ my decision undermine [,ʌndə'main] 在……下挖~ a wallaccord [ə'kɔ:d]使符合,相一致(with)His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words.account [ə'kaunt]记述,叙述 give a brief account of whathas happenedaddress [ə'dres]演说 a television addressultimate ['ʌltimət]最后的,最终的 The war ended for us in ~victoryunanimous [ju:'næniməs]全体一致的,一致同意的 They are ~in asking for a rise in payundertake [,ʌndə'teik] 着手做,从事~ an attack undesirable [,ʌndi'zaiərəbl]不合意的,不受欢迎的 The drug has ~ side effectsuneasy [,ʌn'i:zi]心神不宁的,不安宁的 be ~uneasy about the futurevirtue ['və:tju:]美德,德行Among her many ~s are loyalty ,courage, and truthfulnesssubstitute ['sʌbstitju:t, -tu:t]代替者,代替物 He is the doctor’s ~ during holidays timessubtle ['sʌtl]微妙的,巧妙的 His whole attitude has undergone a ~ changesubtract [səb'trækt] 减,减去 Subtract 4 from 10 you get 6succession [sək'seʃən]连续,一系列 a ~ of debatessuck [sʌk]吸,A large mosquito was sucking blood from the back of her handvital ['vaitəl]有生命力的 The heart is a ~ organvoid [vɔid]空的 a ~ spacewedge [wedʒ]楔子,三角木 Please put a ~ in the door so that it will stay opendiffuse [di'fju:s]四散开;漫射xerox ['ziərɔks]静电复印(法),静电复印件,静电复印机 Make me a ~ of this report.yield [ji:ld]生产,产生,带来 This orchard ~s apples and pears.zeal [zi:l]热心,热忱,热情 a man of ~zigzag ['ziɡzæɡ] 之字形的,弯曲的 a ~ roadwarrant ['wɔrənt, 'wɔ:-]授权,批准,正当理由,根据 He had no ~ for his actionwaterproof ['wɔ:təpru:f, 'wɔ-]不透水的,防水的~materialwhisper ['hwispə]低语,耳语,轻声说~ to sbvicious ['viʃəs] 邪恶的,恶毒的,凶残的 lead a ~ life volunteer [,vɔlən'tiə]志愿者,自愿参加者 Are there any ~s for a swim?audit ['ɔ:dit] v.审计;查帐;核对;旁听第6天任务archive ['ɑ:kaiv]存档;归档vibrate [vai'breit]使震动,使摆动His heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house ~weld [weld]焊接,煅接 It takes speed to ~ steel at this heat whirl [hwə:l]旋转,急转 The couples ~ed round the dance flooraudio ['ɔ:diəu] n./a.音频(响)(的);声音(的),听觉(的)auditorium [,ɔ:di'tɔ:riəm] n.观众席,听众席;会堂,礼堂stab [stæb]刺,戳,猛的一击,突发的一阵 a ~ of anxiety stacked [stækt] 整齐的一叠 a ~ of billsstain [stein]玷污,污染 His shirt was ~ed with bloodstale [steil]食品等不新鲜的,走味的These old peanutstaste ~stall [stɔ:l]牛舍startle ['stɑ:tl]惊吓,使吃惊 The horse ~s easily affiliation [ə,fili'eiʃən]从属群体,从属单位addict [ə'dikt,'ædikt] v.使沉溺;使上瘾 n.沉溺于不良嗜好的人advent ['ædvənt] n.(重要事件等的)到来,来临affluent ['æfluənt] a. 富裕的,富足的stock [stɔk]原料,备料,库存,现货 Rags are used as a ~ for making paperstoop [stu:p]俯身,弯腰She ~ed to pick up her fan statistics [stə'tistiks]统计,统计资料 The recent ~ on marriage are interestingsteer [stiə]掌舵,驾驶~ a car through the entrance authentic [ɔ:'θentik] a.真的,真正的;可靠的,可信的,有根据的awe [ɔ:] n.敬畏,惊惧vt.使敬畏,使惊惧bait [beit] n.饵,引诱物 vt.用饵引诱;招惹,捉弄balcony ['bælkəni] n.阳台;(电影院等的)楼厅,楼座ballet ['bælei, bæ'lei] n.芭蕾舞,芭蕾舞剧;芭蕾舞团bizarre [bi'zɑ:] adj.异乎寻常的,稀奇古怪的stubborn ['stʌbən]顽固的,倔强的 The ~ boy refused to listen to his parents’advicestuff [stʌf] 原料,材料,物品,东西 He has got all the ~ ready for building his new housesubmerge [səb'mə:dʒ]浸没,淹没,湮没 The stream overflowed and ~d the farmlandsubmit [səb'mit]屈服,服从,投降~ to foreign pressure anguish ['æŋɡwiʃ] n.(尤指心灵上的)极度痛苦,烦恼antique [æn'ti:k] a.古式的,过时的n.有价值的古物,古董appall [ə'pɔ:l] v.使胆寒,使惊骇(a. appalling)wrap [ræp]包,裹~ oneself in a blanketwreck [rek]失事,遇难 a train ~wrench [rentʃ]扳手 He is a ~ .ballot ['bælət] n.(不记名)投票;投票总数;投票权 vi.投票barbecue ['bɑ:bikju:] n.烤肉用的台架;烤肉野餐 vt.在台架上烤肉barren ['bærən] a.贫瘠的;不育的;(植物)不结果的;无用的belly ['beli] n.肚子,腹部;(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分,膛benign [bi'nain] a.(病)良性的,(气候)良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的第7天任务bipedal ['bai,pedəl, bai'pe-]两足动物的;直立姿势的secular ['sekjulə]现世的;非宗教的beverage ['bevəridʒ] n.(水,酒等之外的)饮料bin [bin] n.(贮藏食物等用的)箱子wrinkle ['riŋkl]皱,皱纹 He will wore the ~s of anxiety on his forehead.album ['ælbəm] n. 唱片;集邮册,相册subordinate [sə'bɔ:dinət, -neit, sə'bɔ:dineit]下级的 In the army ,captains are ~ to majorsstationary ['steiʃənəri]固定的,静止的,非流动的~ troops amiable ['eimjəbl] a.和蔼可亲的,友善的,亲切的amid [ə'mid] prep.在…中间,在…之中,被…围绕auction ['ɔ:kʃən] n./vt.拍卖blueprint ['blu:print] n.蓝图,设计图,计划 vt.制成蓝图,计划ego ['i:ɡəu, 'eɡəu] n.自我,自负,利已主义;(心理学)自我意识eligible ['elidʒəbl]a.有条件被选中的;(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的endow [in'dau] vt.资助,捐赠;(with)给予,赋予escalate ['eskəleit] v.(使)逐步增长(或发展),(使)逐步升级escort ['eskɔ:t, i'skɔ:t] vt.护送(卫);陪同 n.警卫,护送者;仪仗兵evade [i'veid] vt.逃避,回避;避开,躲避arrogant ['ærəɡənt] a.傲慢的,自大的arrogant ['ærəɡənt] n.动脉;干线,要道aspire [ə'spaiə] vi.(to,after)渴望,追求,有志于assassinate [ə'sæsineit] vt.暗杀,行刺;中伤waken ['weikən]醒来,睡醒He wakened when the alarm soundedvirtual ['və:tʃuəl] 实际上的,事实上的 the ~ manager of the businessweary ['wiəri]疲倦的,疲劳的 a ~ lookvigor ['viɡə]体力,精力,活力 in the ~ of manhoodviolate ['vaiəleit]违反,违背~ the traffic regulations zone [zəun]地带,分布带 a danger ~abdomen [æb'dəumen, 'æbdəmen] n.腹,下腹(胸部到腿部的部分)abound [ə'baund] vi.大量存在;(in,with)充满,富于acclaim [ə'kleim] v.向…欢呼,公认 n.欢呼,喝彩,称赞supplement ['sʌplimənt, 'sʌpləment] 增补,补充 a ~ to wagesalleviate [ə'li:vieit]减轻;缓解;缓和infancy ['infənsi] 婴儿期;早期;初始阶段第8天任务spur [spə:]前进的,有动力的extract [ik'strækt, 'ekstrækt]拔出;摘录出insightful ['in,saitful]富有洞察力的;有深刻见解的provocative [prəu'vɔkətiv]煽动性的;刺激的suppress [sə'pres] 压制,镇压~human rightssupreme [sju'pri:m, sə-] 最高的,至上的 a ~ rulersurpass [sə'pɑ:s, -'pæs] 超过,优于,强于,胜过~ advanced worldsurplus ['sə:plʌs, -pləs] 过剩,剩余 a teacher ~vain [vein]徒劳的,无效的~ effortsvalid ['vælid]有根据的 a ~ excuseblackmail ['blækmeil] n.讹诈,敲诈,勒索;胁迫,恫吓blouse [blauz] n.女衬衣,短上衣,宽阔的罩衫foster ['fɔstə] vt. 照管;培养;促进bruise [bru:z] n.青肿,挫伤;伤痕vt.打青;挫伤bully ['buli] n.恃强欺弱者,小流氓 vt.威胁,欺侮bureaucracy [bjuə'rɔkrəsi] n.官僚主义,官僚机构;(非民选的)委任官员burglar ['bə:ɡlə] n.(入室行窃的)盗贼cape [keip] n.海角,岬;披肩,短披风carbohydrate [,kɑ:bəu'haidreit]n.碳水化合物; 糖类;(plural)淀粉质或糖类clergy ['klə:dʒi] n.[总称]牧师,神职人员coalition [,kəuə'liʃən] n.结合体,同盟;结合,联合costume ['kɔstju:m, kɔ'stju:m] n. 戏装;泳装;服装cosy ['kəuzi] /cozy a.暖和舒服的;舒适的 [反]uncomfortable credentials [kri'denʃəlz] n.(个人能力及信用的)证明书,证件ebb [eb] vi.衰退,减退 n.处于低潮,处于衰退状态eccentric [ik'sentrik] a.古怪的,怪癖的,异乎寻常的n.古怪的人futile ['fju:tail] a.无效的,无用的,无希望的gender ['dʒendə] n.(生理上的)性;(名词、代词等的)性glamour ['ɡlæmə] n.魔力,魅力 vt.迷住strenuous ['strenjuəs] a.费力的,艰辛的;奋发的,努力的strife [straif] n.争吵;冲突,斗争;竞争gorgeous ['ɡɔ:dʒəs] a.华丽的;灿烂的;美丽的;宜人的;棒的graphic ['ɡræfik] a.生动的,形象的;绘画的,文字的,图表的第9天任务layoff ['leiɔf] n.临时解雇;关闭;停歇lottery ['lɔtəri] n.抽彩;碰运气的事,难于算计的事majesty ['mædʒisti] n. stately, grand appearance; splendor 雄伟,壮丽,庄严majestic a.maneuver/manoeuvre [mə'nu:və] vi.熟练地进入medieval [,medi'i:vəl, ,mi:-] a. 中世纪的excerpt [ek'sə:pt, 'eksə:pt] n.摘录,节录 vt.摘,引用feat [fi:t] n.功绩,伟业,技艺federation ['fedəreiʃən] n.联合会;结盟,联合fore [fɔ:] ad.在前面 a.先前的;在前部的 n.前部solitary ['sɔlitəri] a.(好)孤独的;偏僻的;单一的,唯一的solo ['səuləu] n.独奏 a. ad.单独的(地);独唱的(地)spiral ['spaiərəl] a.螺旋形的 n.螺旋,螺线 v.螺旋上升;盘旋stagger ['stæɡə] vi.摇晃着移动;蹒跚 n.摇晃不稳的动作;蹒跚stalk [stɔ:k] n.茎,梗vt.悄悄地跟踪vi.高视阔步地走statute ['stætju:t, -tʃu:t] n.成文法,法令,法规;章程,规则,条例steak [steik] n.牛排;大块肉(或鱼)片stereotype ['steriəutaip, 'stiə-] n.陈规,老套,模式化 vt.使定型,使模式化formidable ['fɔ:midəbl] a. difficult to defeat or deal with 难对付的;可怕的meditate ['mediteit] v.认真思考,沉思;计划,考虑momentum [məu'mentəm] n. 动量;动力;势头monarch ['mɔnək, -ɑ:k] n.帝王,君主,最高统治者motivate ['məutiveit] vt.促动;激励,鼓励,作为…的动机optimum ['ɔptiməm] a.最适宜的 n.(生长繁殖的)最佳条件option ['ɔpʃən] n.选择(权);可选择的事物(或人),选课overturn [,əuvə'tə:n, 'əuvətə:n] n. 推翻stun [stʌn] vt.使…失去知觉;使目瞪口呆,使吃惊subsidy ['sʌbsidi] n.补助金;津贴费suffice [sə'fais] v.足够,(食物)满足suite [swi:t] n.套间;一套家具;套,组,系列summit ['sʌmit] n.顶,最高点;颠峰,高峰;最高级会议superstition [,sju:pə'stiʃən] n.迷信,迷信的观念习俗oxid ['ɔksid] e n. 氧化物grim [ɡrim] a.严酷的,令人害怕的;不愉快的,讨厌的第10天任务grin [ɡrin] n.vi. 露齿笑,咧嘴笑grope [ɡrəup] vi.暗中摸,摸索;探索,搜寻vt.摸索heave [hi:v] v.(用力)举,提,拉;扔;拖;呕吐n.举起herb [hə:b, ə:b] n.药草,(调味用的)香草,草本植物hierarchy ['haiə,rɑ:ki] n.等级制度;统治集团,领导层pilgrim ['pilɡrim] n.最初的移民(P大写,指1620由欧洲移居美国的清教徒)plea [pli:] n.(法律)抗辩;请求,恳求,托词,口实skull [skʌl] n.头盖骨,颅骨slaughter ['slɔ:tə] n.屠杀,屠宰 vt.屠杀,宰杀slot [slɔt] n.狭缝;空位vt.放入狭缝中;把…纳入sneak [sni:k] vi.偷偷地走,溜vt.偷偷地做(或拿、吃)sneeze [sni:z] vi.打喷嚏,发喷嚏声n.喷嚏agitatedly ['ædʒi,teitidli]搅动(液体等) The machine agitated the mixture.alarm [ə'lɑ:m]惊恐,忧虑 The bandits scattered in alarm. alert [ə'lə:t]警惕的,留神的 In our reading we should always be alert for new usages.alien ['eiljən]外国的 adjust to an alien cultureallege [ə'ledʒ]断言,宣称 The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt.allocate ['æləukeit]分配,分派,把...拨给 allocate funds for new projectssniff [snif] vi.嗅…味道;抽鼻涕;对嗤之以鼻,蔑视soar [sɔ:] vi.(指鸟等)高飞,翱翔;飞涨;高耸sociable ['səuʃəbl] a.好交际的,友好的,合群的solidarity [,sɔli'dæriti] n.团结;休戚相关surge [sə:dʒ] vi.(如浪潮般)汹涌;奔腾 n.(感情等的)洋溢susceptible [sə'septəbl] a.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的tangle ['tæŋɡl] n.纠缠;缠结;混乱 v.(使)缠绕;变乱temperamentally [,temprə'mentli] n.气质,性格,性情;资质tropic ['trɔpik] n.回归线;[the T-s]热带地区tumor/tumour ['tju:mə] n.(肿)瘤,肿块amateur ['æmətə, ,æmə'tə:](艺术,科学等的)业余爱好者 an amateur golferamend [ə'mend]修改,修订 amend the spelling in sb.'s paper administrate [əd'ministreit]掌管,料理...的事务第11天任务crush [krʌʃ]压碎;彻底毁掉adolescent [,ædəu'lesnt](尤指16岁以下的)青少年 a film aimed at adolescentsseemingly ['si:miŋli] ad. in appearance; apparently 表面上的,看起来的segregate ['seɡriɡit, -ɡeit] vt. separate or keep apart from others 分离,隔离serial ['siəriəl, 'si:r-] n.连本影片,连本电视节目 a.连续的shabby ['ʃæbi] a.简陋的,破旧的;卑鄙的,不正当的aggravate ['æɡrəveit]加重,加剧,恶化 aggravate the declining economyaggressive [ə'ɡresiv]侵犯的,侵略的 an aggressive weapon allied ['ælaid]结盟的,有关联的 allied nations allowance [ə'lauəns]津贴,补贴,零用钱 a housing allowance alternate [ɔ:l'tə:nət, 'ɔ:ltə-, 'ɔ:ltəneit]交替,轮流 Night and day alternate.array [ə'rei]排列,队形 The troops were formed in battle array.articulate [ɑ:'tikjulət, ɑ:'tikjuleit]发音清晰的,善于表达的 He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.shatter ['ʃætə] n.碎片;粉碎v.粉碎;使疲惫;使震骇shove [ʃʌv] vt.乱推;乱塞 vi.用力推,挤 n.猛推adverse ['ædvə:s, æd'və:s]不友好的,敌对的 She felt adverse to her husband's friends.advocate ['ædvəkeit, 'ædvəkət]拥护,提倡,主张advocate self-defenceaesthetic [i:s'θetik]美学的,艺术的,审美 an aesthetic theoryaffiliate [ə'filieit, ə'filiit, -eit]使隶属(或附属)于,使成为会员 a government affiliated companyaffirm [ə'fə:m]断言,申明 affirm the truth of a statement artificial [,ɑ:ti'fiʃəl]人工的,人造的,人为的artificial price controlsascend [ə'send]登高,(渐渐)上升,升高 The airplane ascended into the cloud.ascertain [,æsə'tein]查明,弄清,确定 I ascertained that he was dead.ashore [ə'ʃɔ:]向岸,向陆地 He swam ashore.assault [ə'sɔ:lt]攻击,袭击 We made an assault on the enemy fort.assemble [ə'sembl]集合,召集assemble the members of Parliament for a special meeting.assert [ə'sə:t]肯定地说(出),坚定地断言 He asserted hisinnocence.assign [ə'sain]分配,布置(作业) The teacher assigned (us)a new lesson.assimilate [ə'simileit]吸收,消化 He is quick to assimilate new ideas.associate [ə'səuʃieit, ə'səuʃiət, -eit](使)联系,(使)结合 We naturally associated the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.beforehand [bi'fɔ:hænd]预先,事先 If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand.bewilder [bi'wildə]使迷惑,使糊涂 I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.第12天任务boom [bu:m]低沉有回响的声音 The great bell tolled with a deep boom.bore [bɔ:]钻孔,挖(通道) bore through a wallbounce [bauns]弹起,反弹 The ball doesn’t bounce well.sovereign ['sɔvərin, 'sʌv-] a.独立的,有主权的 n.君主,国王,统治者spacious ['speiʃəs] adj.广阔的,宽敞的spectrum ['spektrəm] n.谱,光谱,频谱;范围,幅度,系列spicy ['spaisi] a.加很多香料的;(口味)浓郁的spine [spain] n.脊柱,脊椎;(动植物的)刺;书脊bound [baund]跳跃,弹回 She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly.boycott ['bɔikɔt](联合起来)抑制,拒绝参加 boycott uncooperative manufacturesbrace [breis]托架,支架 He braced his muscles and lifted the weight.breed [bri:d](使)繁殖 Rabbits breed families rapidly. bribe [braib]贿赂 accept(或take)a bribe from sb. anchor ['æŋkə]锚 The anchor catches (drags). anonymous [ə'nɔniməs]匿名的,无名的 an anonymous letter (phone call)anticipate [æn'tisipeit]预期,预料The directorsanticipated a fall in demand (that demand would fall). brisk [brisk]轻快的,生气勃勃的 a brisk pacebrittle ['britl]易碎的,一碰就破的 brittle glass accumulate [ə'kju:mjuleit]积累,积攒,积聚 accumulate wisdomaccurate ['ækjurət]准确的,精确的 an accurate estimate accuse [ə'kju:z]指控,指责 They accused her publicly of stealing their books.activate ['æktiveit]使活动起来,使开始起作用,启动 They have planted secret agents in many countries who could be activated whenever needed.bump [bʌmp]碰,撞(against, into) The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.burst [bə:st]爆炸,爆裂 The boiler burst.cease [si:s]停止,终止,结束 The music ceased suddenly. certify ['sə:tifai]证明,证实 The accounts were certified (as) correct.appraise [ə'preiz]估量,估计 appraise the infant's weightapprehend [,æpri'hend]对...担心 Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty?appropriate [ə'prəuprieit, ə'prəupriət]恰当的,相称的Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear. approximate [ə'prɔksimit]大概的,大约的,近似的 The approximate time is 10 o'clock.第13天任务displace [dis'pleis]移动…的位置:Many of the inhabitants were displaced by the rising floodwatersdispose [dis'pəuz]布置,整理:The stores disposed the jewellery in an attractive displaydisregard [disri'ɡɑ:d]不理会,不顾:Disregard the noise and keep workingdistinct [dis'tiŋkt]有区别的,不同的:Three distinct types of peopledistort [dis'tɔ:t] 扭歪,扭曲:a face distorted by (或with)paindistract [dis'trækt]使转向:be distracted from one’s originalpurposeapt [æpt](习性)易于......的,有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes.arbitrary ['ɑ:bitrəri]随心所欲的,个人武断的,任意的 an arbitrary choicecherish ['tʃeriʃ]珍爱,珍视 cherish one’s native land chew [tʃu:]嚼,咀嚼 He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke [tʃəuk]窒息,噎住 be choked by smokebias ['baiəs]偏见,偏心 have a bias against sb.(或sth.)blast ['baiəu,blæst]一阵(风),一股(气流) a blast of wind blaze [bleiz]火焰 The fire sprang into a blaze.aggravate ['æɡrəveit]加重,加剧,恶化 aggravate the declining economyaggressive [ə'ɡresiv]侵犯的,侵略的 an aggressive weapon allied ['ælaid]结盟的,有关联的 allied nations allowance [ə'lauəns]津贴,补贴,零用钱 a housing allowance alter ['ɔ:ltə]改变,更改 alter an attitudealternate [ɔ:l'tə:nət, 'ɔ:ltə-, 'ɔ:ltəneit]交替,轮流 Night and day alternate.array [ə'rei]排列,队形 The troops were formed in battle array.articulate [ɑ:'tikjulət, ɑ:'tikjuleit]发音清晰的,善于表达的 He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.boast [bəust]自吹自擂,自夸的话 He is full of boasts. bolt [bəult]螺栓,(门,窗的)插销 a small bag of nuts and boltscorrupt [kə'rʌpt] 堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt lifecourtesy ['kə:tisi]谦恭有礼。

英语单词

英语单词

vagu 模糊的 repertoir 全部节目 e e 倾向一方,不平衡的 intricac 错综复杂 lopside y d have a vague 未醉的,冷静的 sobe 对某事印象模糊 impression of r 令人敬畏的,难以应付的 formidabl entrenc 牢固确立 e 木材,树林 fain 不热情的,微弱的 timberh t 迄今 hitherto mammal 哺乳动物
怀旧 rustl 沙沙声,偷窃 incentive nostalgia 鼓励刺激 e ditch丢弃,沟渠 dwa 矮化 开销,在空中 overhead rf blunde 错误 流动 r streaming foresig 远见,深谋远虑 ht 维持 遭受 subscripti 订阅费 legacy遗产 sustain on exclusive独家的,独家新闻 aggressi 好斗的 侵略的 ve
monetar 货币的, 钱的 y 起诉,控告 prosecute comba 战斗 t scanda 丑闻
arbit 裁决人 er coherenc 凝聚 连贯性 e 明确的 clear-cut 贪污,腐败 corruption
nostalg 怀旧 ia ditch 抛弃 沟 开销,在空中 overhead
修补的东西 patchwork patc 修补 借鉴 take a page h from bureaucra 官员 引导,驾驶,建议 steer 显著地 t pronounc ed tactic 战略 deceive背叛,欺骗 renege食言,违约 谣传的 whispered 绝望的,不顾一切的 desperate recipient 接受者 reactionar反抗的 initiative主动的,积极的,倡议 y 洞察力,知觉的 propagan 宣传 perceptive da 原始科学 protoscience deference顺从,尊重 succeedin 随后的 调动,动员 mobilize g 主动地 on one^s own initiative stun 击昏,大吃一惊 stake 打赌,利害关系

常用前缀MicrosoftWord文档

常用前缀MicrosoftWord文档

学法导航反馈训练1一.给括号内的单词加上适当的前缀,并用其适当形式填空。

1. Tired and ___________ (courage), he finally gave up.(2009 湖南阅读理解改编)2. His intelligence and wisdom make up for his _____________(advantage).3. Three hours passing by, I became more and more __________(patient).(2009重庆阅读理解改编)4. As we know, the Olympic Games is a(n) __________ (national )sports event.5. Driving too fast through city streets is very __________________(responsible) and dangerous.6. Amazingly, the people were still able to pack into the already________________ (crowded) bus.7. Some families go without medical treatment because of their_______________ (ability) to pay.8. ---I want to fly straight to London.---OK. We have a(n) __________ (stop) flight leaving at 9:25.9. The news was so __________(expect) that I caught my breathfrom shock.10. We can only show mercy to the __________ (fortunate) man. (2005重庆完形填空改编)11. “I am sorry,”I said, “I ___________ (take ) you for a Grade Four boy.” (2007 江西阅读理解改编)12. It is not _____________ (common) for students to have difficulty understanding classics.13. It was _____________ (believable) that the fans waited outside thegym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.(2005 上海单选填空改编)14. A great scientific ___________ (cover) or a great work of art is surelythe result of problem-solving activity. (2005 天津阅读理解改编)15. Unlike her 1995 __________ (biography), After All, her second book isless about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病).(2010 湖南阅读理解改编)二.根据所给汉语或所缺单词的首字母,写出单词的正确形式。

英语四级高频单词资料

英语四级高频单词资料

resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗... 的,耐...的 resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意 barrel n. 桶 bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价 coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣 的 coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车
removal n. 除去,消除 render vt. 使得,致使 precaution n. 预防,防备,警 惕 idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的 identify vt. 认出,鉴定 identify n. 身份;个性,特性 poverty n. 贫穷
appliance n. 器具,器械 consent n. 准许,同意 vi (to) 准许,同意 conquer vt. 征服 defect n. 缺点,缺陷 delicate a. 易碎的;娇弱的;精美 的 evolve v.演变 evolution n. 演变,进化
frown v./n. 皱眉 frustrate vt. 使沮丧 guarantee vt./n. 保证 guilty a. 内疚的;有罪的 jealous a. 妒忌的 jeans n. 牛仔裤 liquor n. 酒,烈性酒 liter/litre n. 升 modest a. 谦虚道
Thank you for reading
discrimination n. 歧视;辨别 力 professional a. 职业的,专门 的 secure a. 安全的,可靠的 security n. 安全,保障 scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒 talent n. 才能,天资;人才
insurance n. 保险,保险费 insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保 nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不 过 neutral a. 中立的,中性的 spot n. 地点;斑点 vt. 认出,发现; 玷污 spray v. 喷,(使)溅散

希伯来文法专有名词中英对照表1-Hebrew

希伯来文法专有名词中英对照表1-Hebrew

希伯来文法专有名词中英对照表1Segol 名词Segolate nounו-连续句Waw consecutive [wc]一致性Agreement人称代名词Personal pronoun比较级Comparative子句Clause不及物动词Intransitive verb不定式/不定词Infinitive不定式附属形Infinitive Construct [∞]不定式独立形Infinitive Absolute [A]及物动词Transitive verb引用句Quotation加强的意义Intensive反身的意义Reflexive反映前话的Resumptive反意Adversative反复的意义Iterative介(系)词Preposition分词Participle分开Disjunctive分开的读音符号Disjunctive accent主词/主格Subject主题的母音?/ 词干元音Thematic V owel/ Stem vowel [Vs]代名词Pronoun字尾Suffix动词表示数、性与人称字尾Afformative/ Sufformative名词表示性与数的字尾Ending人称代名词字尾Pronominal Suffix/Suffixed Pronoun 字首/前缀Prefix动词表示数、性与人称前缀Preformative字根Root字干/词干Stem字腰Infix加强的意义Intensive未完成式Imperfect [I]1本表格主要内容取自萧俊良(Choon-Leong Seow)《希伯来文圣经语法教程》,部分内容为本人后期添加。

永续Kethiv-Qere? Perpetual Kethiv-Qere (ירק־ביתכּ) 古语、古体形式Archaic form平行体Parallelism出自名词或形容词的动词Denominative母音字母Mater lectionis (Pl: Matres…)母音退化V owel reduction目的句Purpose clause名词Noun名词子句Nominal clause多音节的Polysyllabic有声Shewa V ocal Shewa有声子音V oiced consonant同化Assimilation同位格、同位词Apposition同根字Cognate估计的意义Estimative作为的意义Factitive序数Ordinal number否定词Negation, particle of完成式Perfect [P]形式Form形容个别的语词Distributive形容词Adjective直接受词(宾语)Direct Object使役的意义Causative依附介(系)词Prefixed preposition呼格V ocative性别、性Gender状态动词Stative V erb受词(宾语)Object受词(宾语)字尾Object Suffix附属形Construct State附属组合词Construct Chain长写法Full spelling / Plene spelling非特定Indefinite冠词Definite Article后接的Proclitic型态?/(词,尤指词尾的)变化Inflection指示词Demonstratives指示代名词Demonstrative Pronoun指示形容词Demonstrative Adjective指向后缀◌ה)הDirectional Ending (◌相互Reciprocity相互的意义Reciprocal相关词Cognate祈使式Imperative[M]祈愿式Jussive [J]省略Constraction重音Stress重音前的第一音节Pretonic syllable重音前的第二音节Propretonic syllable宣告的意义Declarative重复/复制Doubling音位互换Metathesis音节Syllable述语Predicative限定性动词Finite verb倒数第二音节Penultima容受的意义Tolerative唇音Labial根音Radical根类Root type弱Dagesh Dagesh Lene/ weak Dagesh弱根Weak radical特定Definite特定直接受词(宾语)记号Definite direct object marker (DDO) 消失Apocope被动Passive时态Tense退化(母音退化)Reduction马所拉经文Massoretic Text (MT)停顿形Pausal form副词Adverb副词子句Adverbial clause动词V erb动词子句V erbal clause动词的字形变化/式态Conjugation基数Cardinal number专用名词、人名、地名Proper noun带重音的音节Tonic syllable条件子句Protasis条件句Conditional sentence连接的Dagesh Conjunctive Dagesh连接的读音符号Conjunctive accent连接词Conjunction连接的Hireq Compaginis Hireq(造)句法Syntax强Dagesh Dagesh Forte/ Strong Dagesh 强调Emphasis强调的Emphatic习惯/惯例Habit/ Custom部分的Partitive阴性Feminine喉音Guttural [G]喉音前Patach Furtive Patach拼音/转写Transliteration最后音节Ultima最高级Superlative补偿延长Compensatory lengthening 短写法Defective spelling无动词子句V erbless clause无连接词Asyndetic无声Shewa Silent Shewa无声子音Unvoiced consonant普通名词Common noun结句Apodosis结果的意义Resultative虚拟重复Virtual doubling间接受词(宾语)Indirect object阳性Masculine塞音Stop单音节的Monosyllabic单数Singular [s]感叹词Interjection禁令Prohibition过去式Preterite鼓励式Cohortative [C]诗歌体Poetry集合名词Collective noun誓语Oath语助词(质词)、小品词Particle疑问词Interrogative clause疑问代名词(问物的/问人的)Interrogative Pronoun(impersonal/personal)疑问副词(问方式的/问地方的)Interrogative Adverb (of manner/ ofplace疑问词Interrogative particle嘶音Sibilant写法Spelling数Number数字Numeral复合Shewa Composite Shewa复数Plural (p2)质词Particle齿音Dental拥有Possession选择Alternative独立形Absolute state默音אQuiescent א擦音Spirant关身的意义Middle关系子句Relative clause关系词Relative particle双II Geminate双元音Diphthong双数Dual辞典/词典Dictionary/ Lexicon类型Pattern属性形容词Attributive adjective读音符号/重音符号Accent鉴别注释Critical Apparatus变化(动词有性、数与人称的)Inflection变化表Paradigm惊叹Exclamation让步的用法Concessive动体/观点? Aspect语法分析/词类分析Parsing字尾形Final form轻元音/退化元音Reduced vowel2复数(Plural)的简写与完成式(Perfect)一样,但是在语法分析(parsing)的时候代码所在的位置不同,不会混淆的。

世界上最难学的语言-推荐下载

世界上最难学的语言-推荐下载

《The Economist》杂志2009年的圣诞特刊上有一篇惊艳的专题文章:寻找世界上最难学的语言。

篇幅比较长,但值得一读。

我译了全文,水平有限,大家看个意思。

(另附有营养的读者评论,在这里)In search of the world’s hardest language寻找世界上最难学的语言CERTAIN genre of books about English extols the language’s supposed difficulty and idiosyncrasy. “Crazy English”, by an American folk-linguist, Richard Lederer, asks “how is it that your nose can run and your feet can smell?”. Bill Bryson’s “Mother Tongue: English and How It Got That Way” says that “English is full of booby traps for the unwary foreigner…Imagine being a foreigner and having to learn that in English one tells a lie but the truth.”一些探讨英语语言的书籍常对英语的难度和独特风格大为赞叹。

美国方言学家理查德·莱德尔在《疯狂英语》一书中问到:“为什么你的鼻子会跑(流涕),而你的脚却会闻呢(脚臭)?”比尔·布莱森在《母语:英语及其来龙去脉》中说:“对不够谨慎的外国人来说,英语充满了陷阱……想象一下,作为外国人,硬要理解为什么英语里‘撒谎’用‘tell A lie’,‘说真话’却用‘tell THE truth’,这多难啊。

”Such books are usually harmless, if slightly fact-challenged. You tell “a” lie but “the” truth in many languages, partly because many lies exist but truth is rather more definite. It may benatural to think that your own tongue is complex and mysterious. But English is pretty simple: verbs hardly conjugate; nouns pluralise easily (just add “s”, mostly) and there are no genders to remember.其实,如果我们用事实稍加质疑,就会发现这种观点是站不住脚的。

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IMPERFECT:
-An action in the past that has an indefinite period, we don't know when they were finished (ongoing action). They may be over or not. Similar use to 'Verb to be (past) + ing', past continous construction.
I was living in Newyork in the 70´s --- Yo vivía en Nueva York en los 70
He was wearing blue trousers --- Él llevaba pantalones azules
-Actions that occurred repeatedly in the past,but don't know how many times. Similar use to the 'used to …' construction.
I used to eat everyday in that restaurant --- Comía todos los días en ese restaurante
I never used to eat in that restaurant --- Yo nunca comía en ese restaurante.
-When I talk about my age in the past
When I was 18 I used to dance on weekends --- Cuando tenía 18 bailaba los fines de semana
PRETERITE:
-An action in the past that has a definite period, we know when it begins and ends. It is over. Similar to the past simple verb tense.
I lived in New York for 7 years in the 70's --- Yo viví en Nueva York por 7 años en los 70
He wore his blue trousers for 3 days --- Él llevó sus pantalones azules por tres días
-Actions that occurred in the past a certain number of times (one times, several times or never)
I ate 3 times in that restaurant --- Comí tres veces en ese restaurante
I never ate in that restaurant --- Nunca comí en ese restaurante
BOTH COMBINED IN THE SAME SENTECE:
-When we talk about an action that took place at a particular time (preterite) while other action was happening over a wider period of time (imperfect).
She was eating when his father entered the house --- Ella comía cuando su padre entró en la casa
While she was speaking he kissed her --- Mientras ella hablaba él la besó。

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