The Introduction of Jane Eyre英文版简爱简报
关于简爱的英文简报
关于简爱的英文简报Title: "Jane Eyre: A Study of Feminine Indomitability"Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Brontë, is a timeless tale of a young woman's journey towards self-discovery and love. It is a powerful exploration of female resilience and the challenges faced by women in Victorian society.The story revolves around Jane Eyre, a孤儿, who faces challenges ranging from poverty and neglect to social constraints and gender discrimination. Despite these hardships, Jane remains unbowed, maintaining a strong sense of self-worth and dignity. Her unwavering spirit and determination to overcome adversity are emblematic of Brontë's feminist ideals.The novel's themes of love, passion, and morality are juxtaposed against the backdrop of a rigid class system and the rigid gender roles of the time. Jane's relationship with Rochester, a man of higher social status, is both complex and emblematic of the power dynamics between the sexes. It challenges societal norms and expectations, calling into question the very nature of love and equality.The narrative style of Jane Eyre is as unique as its central character. Brontë's use of first-person narration allows readers to experience Jane's thoughts and feelings, providing anintimate glimpse into her worldview. This technique also underscores Jane's individuality and subjectivity, further emphasizing her role as the story's heroine.In conclusion, Jane Eyre is more than just a romance; it is a profound exploration of female strength and resilience. It challenges societal norms and power structures, offering a new perspective on love, passion, and morality. Jane Eyre remains relevant today, as it continues to inspire women to persevere in the face of adversity and to assert their right to equality and self-fulfillment.。
Jane Eyre 简爱中英文双语介绍
Jane Eyre 简爱中英文双语介绍Jane Eyre，一部经典的双语小说，英国19世纪女作家Charlotte Brontë的代表作。
小说以第一人称的写法，描述了平凡女孩简·爱的成长历程，从小被迫做家务，到最后在社会上得到尊重，故事充满了悲剧性，也充满了勇气和希望。
故事发生在19世纪的英格兰，简·爱是一位十岁的女孩，她丢失了父母，被迫住进一个寄宿学校，由于年龄太小而无法被允许参加学校的学习，她只能作家务。
最终，她被选中参加学习，并在考试中取得优异成绩。
在毕业后，她受到一位富裕的朋友的邀请，去当他的家庭教师，她欣然接受了。
在那里，简·爱发现了一个令人激动的秘密：她的雇主正是她的真爱，但他的妻子却不知道这一情况。
在他的妻子的阻挠之下，他们不得不分别，简·爱被迫流落街头，历尽艰辛，最终，她回到了家乡，找到了自己的真爱，并最终得到了幸福。
《简·爱》是一部双语小说，它以简·爱的视角，展示了19世纪英国女性的处境，以及在当时社会里普通女性如何克服苦难、成功和获得幸福的故事。
小说里充满了悲剧性，也充满了勇气和希望。
Jane Eyre is a classic bilingual novel by English female writer Charlotte Brontë in the 19th century. The novel is written in first-person narrative, depicting the growing journey ofordinary girl Jane Eyre, from being forced to do housework to finally getting respect in society. The story is full of tragedy, but also courage and hope.The story takes place in England in the 19th century. Jane Eyre was a 10-year-old girl who had lost her parents and was forced to stay in a boarding school. Because she was too young to be allowed to study in the school, she could only do housework. Finally, she was chosen to attend classes and achieved excellent results in the exam. After graduation, she was invited by a wealthy friend to be his family teacher, and she acceptedit happily.There, Jane Eyre discovered an exciting secret: her employer was her true love, but his wife didn't know about it. Faced with his wife's obstruction, they had to separate. Jane Eyre was forced towander the streets and endure hardships. Finally, she returned home and found her true love and eventually got happiness.Jane Eyre is a bilingual novel that shows the plight of women in 19th century England and how ordinary women overcame difficulties, succeeded, and gained happiness in the society at that time through Jane Eyre's perspective. The novel is full of tragedy, but also courage and hope.。
Jane Eyre 简爱中英文双语介绍
Jane Eyre《简爱》（Jane Eyre），是19世纪的英国文学名著，1847年出版，作者是英国的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Brontë)。
故事中的女主角简爱是个孤女，从小被寄养在盖茨海德庄园舅妈里德太太家，笼罩在被舅母虐待的阴影下，十岁那年被送进了罗伍德孤儿院，院长是个自私残忍的人,经历了种种折磨，她的好友海伦死于肺病;但她靠着坚强的意志完成了学业，成为一名优秀的教师，在孤儿院当了两年教师，但她受不了那里的孤寂，于是受聘于桑费尔德庄园.庄园的主人罗彻斯特是个性格阴郁而又喜怒无常的人，他和简爱经常为某种思想辩论不休，但两人却逐渐漫生情愫.有一天里德太太派人来找简爱，说她病危,要见简爱一面。
见面时,里德太太给她一封信，这封信是三年前简爱的叔父寄来的，向她打听简爱的消息,并把自己的遗产交给简爱。
里德太太谎称简爱在孤儿院病死了，临终前里德太太终于良心发现把真相告诉简爱。
罗彻斯特向她求婚,简爱答应了，并高兴地准备婚礼,但是在婚礼上却发现罗彻斯特已经有合法妻子,而且他的妻子受过精神创伤，是一个精神病患者。
简爱伤心的离开了桑费尔德庄园.她花光了所有积蓄,沿途乞讨，最后晕倒在牧师圣约翰家门前，被圣约翰和他的两个妹妹救醒。
并且帮助她找到教师的工作。
后来圣约翰发现简爱是他的表妹,向她求婚,但简爱没答应。
简爱回到桑费尔德庄园时，整个庄园已是一片废墟.罗彻斯特为了救妻子，被烧瞎了双眼并失去了一只手，孤苦无依。
简爱跟罗终于结婚，生了一个男孩,而罗彻斯特的眼睛则回复到可以见到儿子。
Jane Eyre is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë. It was published in London, England，in 1847 by Smith，Elder ＆Co. with the title Jane Eyre。
The first American edition was released the following year by Harper ＆Brothers of New York. Writing for the Penguin edition, Stevie Davies describes it as “influential feminist text” because of its in-depth exploration of a strong female character’s feelings.Plot introductionJane Eyre is a first—person narrative of the title character。
简爱英文简介
简爱英文简介Introduction《Jane Eyre》 is a renowned novel written by Charlotte Brontë. It was originally published in 1847 under the pseudonym Currer Bell. The story revolves around the protagonist, Jane Eyre, and her journey from childhood to adulthood. This classic piece of literature has captured the hearts of readers worldwide with its compelling narrative and exploration of themes such as class, feminism, love, and independence.Plot SummaryThe novel begins with Jane Eyre’s troubled childhood. Orphaned at a young age and living with her unsympathetic aunt and cousins, Jane endures a difficult and oppressive upbringing. She is eventually sent away to a grim boarding school called Lowood, where she suffers from harsh conditions and inadequate provisions. Despite these hardships, Jane develops her intellectual and artistic talents, making a close friend in Helen Burns, who teaches her about forgiveness and spiritual resilience.As Jane grows older, she seeks better opportunities and becomes a governess at Thornfield Hall, working for the mysterious and brooding Mr. Rochester. At Thornfield, Jane encounters strange occurrences and finds herself drawn to Mr. Rochester, who eventually proposes marriage. However,their union is interrupted by a shocking revelation:Mr. Rochester is already married to Bertha Mason, a woman kept hidden in the attic of Thornfield due to her mental instability.Heartbroken, Jane leaves Thornfield and wanders until she is taken in by St. John Rivers and his sisters. Jane forms a close bond with St. John, and they share similar values and ambitions. However, when St. John proposes marriage as a matter of duty rather than love, Jane rejects him and listens to her heart, realizing that her true love lies with Mr. Rochester.Jane returns to Thornfield to discover that a fire has consumed the estate, leaving Mr. Rochester severely injured and blind. Jane’s love for him is unwavering, and she stands by him in his time of need. Their reunion and eventual marriage highlight the triumph of love over adversity.ThemesIndependence and Self-RespectThroughout Jane Eyre, the central character displays immense strength and resilience. Jane values independence and self-respect and refuses to accept societal expectations that marginalize her. Her desire for self-fulfillment and equality is evident in her refusal to marry for convenience or duty alone. This theme resonates with readers, emphasizing the importance of personal agency and the pursuit of one’s true happiness.Feminism and Gender RolesThe novel explores themes of feminism, challenging the gender roles and expectations of Victorian society. Jane defies traditional gender norms by asserting her intelligence, independence, and desires. Her determination to be seen as an equal, rather than a subordinate, inspires readers to question gender-based limitations and fight for their own autonomy.Love and PassionAnother significant theme in Jane Eyre is the exploration of love and passion. Jane’s love for Mr. Rochester is intense and enduring, shining a light on the transformative power of love. The novel examines the complexities of romantic relationships, often navigating the line between societal norms and individual desires.Literary SignificanceJane Eyre is considered a groundbreaking work of fiction. Charlotte Brontë’s exploration of complex themes, her vivid characterizations, and her innovative narrative techniques have made this novel a timeless classic. The novel’s progressive depiction of a female protagonist who defies societal expectations and asserts her independence was highly influential during its time and continues to inspire readers across generations.ConclusionJane Eyre remains a captivating and thought-provoking novel that continues to resonate with readers today. Through its exploration of themes such as independence, feminism, and love, Charlotte Brontë’s work defied societal conventions and paved the way for future generations of literature. Jane Eyre stands as a testament to the enduring power of storytelling and the ability of literature to provoke introspection and social change.。
简爱读书报告英文
简爱读书报告英文Title: Book Report on "Jane Eyre"I. Introduction"Jane Eyre" is a classic novel written by the English author Charlotte Brontë and was first published in 1847. The story is narrated from a first-person perspective, recounting the life of the protagonist, Jane Eyre, who faces adversity from a young age and strives to find happiness and self-worth. The novel is widely cherished for its passionate, independent, self-respecting, and resilient female lead and its profound societal significance.II. ThemesThe themes in "Jane Eyre" are rich and diverse, with the primary focus on love, freedom, dignity, and self-worth. Through Jane Eyre's life experiences, the author explores these themes, expressing a deep respect for personal freedom and dignity.III. CharactersJane Eyre: The protagonist of the story, a strong, independent, self-respecting, and kind-hearted woman. Her tale is one of struggle and determination, and her resilience and courage are deeply admirable.Mr. Rochester: A complex and contradictory character, wealthy and powerful, yet lonely and empty inside. His love story with Jane Eyre is a significant highlight of the novel.St. John Rivers: A character with noble ideals, his religious beliefs sharply contrast with Jane Eyre's spirit of freedom.Mary Rivers: St. John's wife, a kind but ill-fated woman whose role serves to highlight Jane Eyre's resilient character.IV. Writing StyleThe writing style of "Jane Eyre" is unique. Charlotte Brontë's prose is passionate, delicate, and poetic. Through imaginative descriptions and profound dialogues, she successfully creates vivid characters and scenes.V. Impact"Jane Eyre" is a literary classic of 19th-century English literature, leaving a lasting impact on subsequent generations. It successfully shapes a character that is passionate, independent, self-respecting, and resilient, becoming an idol in the hearts of countless readers. The novel also deeply reflects the societal issues of 19th-century England, providing valuable cultural heritage.VI. Personal OpinionIn my view, "Jane Eyre" is a sentimental and philosophical masterpiece. Through Jane Eyre's story, we witness an ordinary person maintaining dignity and upholding self-worth in challenging circumstances. The novel also delves into the profound meanings of themes such as love, freedom, dignity, and self-worth. It encourages us not to give up on the love for life and the pursuit of self-worth in the face of difficulties.VII. ConclusionIn conclusion, "Jane Eyre" is a highly worthwhile classic to read. It not only presents the story of an ordinary person maintaining dignity and upholding self-worth in challenging circumstances but also profoundly reflects the societal issues of 19th-century England. This novel allows us to gain a deeper understanding of human nature, love, and societal concerns, providing inspiration and courage. "Jane Eyre" is a novel filled with passion and philosophy that will forever remain in our hearts.中文翻译：《简爱》读书报告一、简介《简爱》是由英国作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特创作的一部长篇小说，首次出版于1847年。
Book Report-Jane Eyre简爱英文版读书报告
Name何琼Date 2011/12/17FictionTitle Jane EyreAuthor Charlotte BronteSetting: Tell about the time period this book takes place.Conflict or ProblemEvents1.Mrs. Reed, Jane Eyre’s aunt, didn’t like Jane, so she sent Jane to an orphanage.2.Jane Eyre lived a hard life in the orphanage and couldn’t feel love from anyone but herbest friend, Helen. However, Helen died from illness. When Jane Eyre had grown up, she lived the orphanage and found a job as a governess in Thornfield Manor.3.Jane Eyre fell in love with Edward Fairfax Rochester, the owner of Thornfield Manor.She had thought that whom he loved is Blanche Ingram and they would marry until Mr.Rochester told Jane whom he loved is Jane herself.4.When Jane Eyre and Edward Fairfax Rochester was going to marry, a news came toJane Eyre that Mr. Rochester had married a French woman fifteen years ago. Jane Eyre was desperate because she thought that Mr. Rochester had deceived her, so she left Thornfield Manor.5.Afterwards, Jane Eyre was saved by a clergyman, St. John Rivers, and his two sistersfrom the starvation. St. John Rivers heard of that Jane Eyre’s uncle passed away and left Jane Eyre 20000 pounds. She insisted on sharing this legacy with Rivers and his sisters.6.St. John River asked Jane to be his wife and to go with him to India where he planedto become a missionary.While Jane was considering the offer, she had a dream that Rochester was calling for her. She journeyed back to Thornfield where she was shocked to find the great manor house gutted by fire and completely in ruins.7.Rochester was living in morose solitude at the lonely nearby manor of Ferndean. Janehurried to see him.Overjoyed that she has come to him, Rochester asks her to become his wife. She happily accepts and they are married.Write a short summary about the book.Mrs. Reed, Jane Eyre’s aunt, didn’t like Jane, so she sent Jane to an orphanage.Jane Eyre lived a hard life in the orphanage. When Jane Eyre had grown up, she lived the orphanage and found a job as a governess in Thornfield Manor.Jane Eyre fell in love with Edward Fairfax Rochester, the owner of Thornfield Manor. When Jane Eyre and Edward Fairfax Rochester was going to marry, a news came to Jane Eyre that Mr. Rochester had married a French woman fifteen years ago. Jane Eyre was desperate and she left Thornfield Manor.Afterwards, Jane Eyre was saved by a clergyman, St. John Rivers, and his two sisters from the starvation. St. John Rivers heard of that Jane Eyre’s uncle passed away and left Jane Eyre 20000 pounds.St. John River asked Jane to be his wife and to go with him to India where he planed to become a missionary.She refused St. John River and journeyed back to Thornfield where she was shocked to find the great manor house gutted by fire and completely in ruins. Rochester was living in morose solitude at the lonely nearby manor of Ferndean. Jane hurried to see him.Overjoyed that she has come to him, Rochester asks her to become his wife. She happily accepts and they are married.ConclusionFictional books always have main characters: Describe one main character in this book in detail. How did he/she look, what age was he/she, what was his/her personality like, etc.Who is your favorite character?Jane EyreDescribe the character.What was the importance of this character to the story?She is the most important character in the fiction as the story develops all around her. The story tells us the life of Jane Eyre from when she was a child to she married Rochester. We can see Jane Eyre’s pain in Lo Wood and her friendship with Helen, her patient with Adèle Varens and her faithful love for Rochester, her liberality to St. John Rivers and his two sisters. We can learn some virtues from Jane Eyre.W ould you recommend this book to a friend? Why or why not?I would recommend this book to a friend. There are four reasons.First, this book is one of the most famous book that recognized by public.Second, the characters relation of this book is not too complex to understand and the plots are attractive.Third, we can learn some virtues from Jane Eyre, such as tolerance, adamancy, self-dependence, etc.Fourth, we can improve our English reading skills.。
《简爱》 英文简介
• But when the day they got married , Jane knew Rochester's ex-wife didn’t die by accident, and his exwife was crazy and was shut in the manor. so Jane left and met his cousin cousin occasionally .
• After Jane graduated from school,she went to the Thornfield （Mr. Rochester’s manor） as a tutor. After several contacts, She fell in love with Rochester.
A
“简爱” - 女主角，强烈的个性，简 单，独立，进取的女性。她蔑视丰 富和强大，他们的愚蠢表演笑的个 性和美丽的理想，自力更生的嚣张 气焰。她具有强大的生命力，从不 向命运低头。有自己的对美好生活 的向往 。
4
The summary of the novel
• Jane Eyre is a poor priest's daughter and when she was a child, her parents died. Her aunt Mrs. Reed doesn't like her. She was sent to an orphanage after her uncle died.
磨灭，并非是阳光驱散的雾气，更不是风暴可以吹塌的沙造塑像。
Do y师ou think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton?—a machine without feelings?
Jane Eyre 简爱中英文双语介绍
Jane Eyre《简爱》（Jane Eyre），是19世纪的英国文学名著，1847年出版，作者是英国的女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Brontë）。
故事中的女主角简爱是个孤女，从小被寄养在盖茨海德庄园舅妈里德太太家，笼罩在被舅母虐待的阴影下，十岁那年被送进了罗伍德孤儿院，院长是个自私残忍的人，经历了种种折磨，她的好友海伦死于肺病；但她靠着坚强的意志完成了学业，成为一名优秀的教师，在孤儿院当了两年教师，但她受不了那里的孤寂，于是受聘于桑费尔德庄园。
庄园的主人罗彻斯特是个性格阴郁而又喜怒无常的人，他和简爱经常为某种思想辩论不休，但两人却逐渐漫生情愫。
有一天里德太太派人来找简爱，说她病危，要见简爱一面。
见面时，里德太太给她一封信，这封信是三年前简爱的叔父寄来的，向她打听简爱的消息，并把自己的遗产交给简爱。
里德太太谎称简爱在孤儿院病死了，临终前里德太太终于良心发现把真相告诉简爱。
罗彻斯特向她求婚，简爱答应了，并高兴地准备婚礼，但是在婚礼上却发现罗彻斯特已经有合法妻子，而且他的妻子受过精神创伤，是一个精神病患者。
简爱伤心的离开了桑费尔德庄园。
她花光了所有积蓄，沿途乞讨，最后晕倒在牧师圣约翰家门前，被圣约翰和他的两个妹妹救醒。
并且帮助她找到教师的工作。
后来圣约翰发现简爱是他的表妹，向她求婚，但简爱没答应。
简爱回到桑费尔德庄园时，整个庄园已是一片废墟。
罗彻斯特为了救妻子，被烧瞎了双眼并失去了一只手，孤苦无依。
简爱跟罗终于结婚，生了一个男孩，而罗彻斯特的眼睛则回复到可以见到儿子。
Jane Eyre is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë. It was published in London, England, in 1847 by Smith, Elder & Co. with the title Jane Eyre. The first American edition was released the following year by Harper & Brothers of New York. Writing for the Penguin edition, Stevie Davies describes it as “influential feminist text” because of its in-depth exploration of a strong female character’s feelings.Plot introductionJane Eyre is a first-person narrative of the title character. The novel goes through five distinct stages: Jane's childhood at Gateshead, where she is emotionally and physically abused by her aunt and cousins; her education at Lowood School, where she acquires friends and role models but also suffers privations and oppression; her time as the governess of Thornfield Hall, where she falls in love with her Byronic employer, Edward Rochester; her time with the Rivers family, during which her earnest but cold clergyman cousin, St John Rivers, proposes to her; and the finale with her reunion with, and marriage to, her beloved Rochester.Jane Eyre is divided into 38 chapters and most editions are at least 400 pages long. The original publication was in three volumes, comprising chapters 1 to 15, 16 to 26, and 27 to 38; this was a common publishing format during the 19th century. ThemesMoralityJane refuses to become Mr. Rochester's paramour because of her "impassioned self-respect and moral conviction." She rejects St. John Rivers' Puritanism as much asthe libertine aspects of Mr. Rochester's character. Instead, she works out a morality expressed in love, independence, and forgiveness. Jane does not want to be seen as an outcast to society by being a mistress to Rochester.FeminismThe role and standing of women in the Victorian era is considered by Brontë in Jane Eyre, specifically in regard to Jane's independence and ability to make decisions for herself. As a young woman, small and of relatively low social standing, Jane encounters men during her journey, of good, bad, and morally debatable character. However, many of them, no matter their ultimate intentions, attempt to establish some form of power and control over Jane. One example can be seen in Mr. Rochester, a man who ardently loves Jane, but who frequently commands and orders Jane about. As a self-assured and established man, and her employer, Mr. Rochester naturally assumes the position of the master in their relationship. He sometimes demands rather than questioning Jane, tries to manipulate and assess her feelings towards him, and enjoys propping up Jane through excessive gifts and luxuries that only he would have been able to provide. Jane, however, believes in the importance of women's independence, and strives to maintain a position in life devoid of any debts to others. Her initial lack of money and social status unnerves her, as she realizes that without the means to be an independent woman, she is bound to either struggle through life trying to make a living or marry and become dependent on a man. Even after Jane agrees to marry Mr. Rochester, and is swept up in the passion of the moment, the feminist elements of her personality still show through. She is uncomfortable with the showering of lavish gifts, as she resents that they will make her further reliant on and in debt to Mr. Rochester, and thus tries to resist them. Furthermore, Jane asserts that even after she is married to Mr. Rochester, she will continue to be Adèle's governess and earn her keep. This plan, which was entirely radical and unheard of for the time, further illustrates Jane's drive to remain a somewhat independent woman. While the significant men present in Jane's life throughout the novel all try to, in some form or another, establish themselves as dominant over Jane, she in most cases remains resistant at least to a certain degree, refusing to submit fully or lose all of her independence.。
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Novel introduction
Jane was born in a poor priest family. And her parents were died in her early age. So she had to go to her uncle’s house. Jane met the discriminations and abusing by her aunt for 10 years, after her uncle died. From then on, Jane decided to fight against her aunt. Finally, she was won. She was sent to Lowood orphanage.
Learning is the eye of the Mind.
Books and Friends should be few but good.
Reading makes people feel good.
Reading can full our dairy life.
Knowledge makes humble , ignorance makes proud.
In the orphanage’s life is not good, Jane also faced the sorrows. So she tried her best study hard for 6 years. She hate the people here, it let she felt cold. At last, she sent the ad for a private teacher. Finally, a housekeeper in Thornfield manor employed her as a less 10 years girl’s teacher.
After that, Jane know her feeling. Soon, Mr Rochester invited Jane to the garden and tells her the truth (he just want to know does Jane love him). When he proposed marriage to Jane, she responded. But something unexpected may happen any time. The night before their marriage, Jane saw a scared woman wear her weeding dress in front of the mirror, she felt uncertained. when marriage celebration was holding in a church on the second day. The lawyer appeared, and announced a truth: Mr Rochester had married about 15 years, and his wife is the mad woman who was closed in a room on the third floor. The law had resisted their love. Pain around them, Jane left the manor in a rainy night.
In the Thornfield manor
Jane goes to the manor. Here she met the Mr Rochester, but she had nothing feeling about him at the first sight. Mr Rochester, a strange man, sometimes he treats her good, but sometimes is bad. However, something has changed between them. They all know this change. Until One day, Mr Rochester holds a party, and Jane also joined . Suddenly, Mr Rochester turned his care to a beautiful girl, and invited her to dance. Jane saw this , and felt angry ,then left.
Characters Characters
Jane Eyre (The heroine) an optimistic woman and has a strong will; she is an honest, selfconfident, calm, brave, careful person; not a pretty girl, but never feel inferiority; hates the rich; never low her head to the fate; never gives up find the happy life;
Kind, She forgives Mr Rochester;
full of selfreliance, self-respect, seharacters
Rochester
the master of Thornfield manor; rich and has the strong mind; cold ,let people feel he is serious; a kind and responsible man, he has the black eyes and a handsome face.
Writer
Charlotte Bronte( 18161855)
Society
(19th century)
In the 19th century , People lived in a dark society, they were oppressed by the monarch and religion. What’s more, there were so many rules and laws tied them, so they can’t found their freedom.
MR – Long Juan 2014/10/10
The Introduction of Jane Eyre
Charlotte Bronte(1847)
Writing background
Meeting many difficulties in her early age ;also study in the school and as a private teacher in the society . But she feel unhappy in her life.
Jane met sorrows and joys on her vagrant(流浪的) life. she found her cousin ST John, a churchman（傳教士） he asked Jane get married with him, Jane refused. she decided to back to Thornfield manor. To her surprised, everything had changed. For her lucky, Jane found her lover-Mr Rochester.