英语国家社会与文化入门_上册_翻译
英语国家社会与文化入门(上)翻译

兰格苏部外有�此因。洲澳或大拿加�国美�国英的外以兰格苏在富财的们他求寻人兰格苏 多许�化变的业农原高的少减口人致导纪世 81�是的要重更�登洛卡的面下于对。式方游旅 史历族家”的们他“或品念纪”呢子格“的们他售出过通手分钱的们他为因是要主这�在存 天今�候时个这了毁摧地效有化文�团集族家�族部地高兰格苏。 �兰格苏部北在战一后最的 上土领国英� 役战登洛卡的毁摧被在军义起 。应反事军的队军国英的酷残了致导这年 5471 在 。进迈队军国英与将后然�持支的兰格苏在集聚�国英�权治统的他建重图试位王国英�会 议国英的黜废被年 8861 在�人承继赔索特亚图斯的中其�年 5471 和年 5171 在�后乱叛次两 有。盟联了入加兰格苏�议协的会议兰格苏和兰格英由年 7071 在�而然。份身治政的立独其 持保兰格苏年百一过再但。座宝个两结团�一第斯姆詹的兰格英为成也他此因�届六第斯姆 詹的兰格苏是的位王来未合符及以�女子无亡死位首国英�王女白莎丽伊�是但�年 3061 在 。立独全完年 003 致导�役战本克诺班在�国胜战是�导领的斯鲁布特伯罗在�人 兰格苏�后年几仅仅但。事故的息平国英由是�年 8921 在义起的士莱华廉威诉告�心的敢勇 �影电坞莱好近最 。庭家的间之室王至甚 �婚通族贵个两的泛广间之国两 �系联的切密有 �突 冲管尽。突冲兰格苏英是果结�次 31 手易说据是愧不�后境边兰格苏国英今现的近附镇小兰 格苏 ehT.doirep 克里贝个这的置设中”白克麦“剧戏的亚比士莎廉威。争战的繁频间之者两 �素因键关的间时于关 �的治政兰格苏在是在存的国王的大强口门方南 �大较个这 。异奇家国 兰格苏的立独个一的一统是也兰格英逊克撒鲁格盎�时同的约有仅成形�力压的一统以�王 国兰格苏致导这�胁威的部外自来是它�击袭纪世九第在盗海验体始开兰格苏�兰格英欢喜 。 ”语尔盖“为 称被�语特尔塞老说人�国英除�区地原高在有至甚。处之同不的己自为认部南和部北兰格 英为式方的样同�天今的沟鸿化文的裂分个一是然仍兰格苏地低和地高的间之。区原高开离 但�泛广性产生非与们他�人特克皮为称�人特尔凯兰格苏原。家国化代现的称名其兰格苏 了给们他是正但�人兰格苏为称被们它。区地南西侵入兰尔爱北从人的�纪世六元公约�期 时一同这在�哥斯拉格在现了近靠领占被部南侵入逊克撒由所失离流人特尔凯国英。字名曼 耳日的堡丁爱�此因�立成南东在是度角的国英然虽�人逊克撒鲁格盎服征最兰格苏是不也 。着沿并到看以可 然仍度长的它�了毁然虽�间时的设建其在帝皇马罗�后之”城长良德哈“为称被它。它卫 保助帮并�缘边部北的域的们他念纪以�墙堵一了立建�国中像们他�海到海从�线条这着 沿。界边代现的间之兰格苏和兰格英于当相致大线到退撤们他致导�难困有治统的们他持维 �而然 。缘边的区原高部北于至间时段一了领占并 �试尝经曾们他但 �服征人马罗是不兰格苏 。来以纪世 51 从学大名知上际 国和的老古有拥都市城个两这。石岩的高的心中市在�堡城大的位地导主占其�美有的名著 是这。哥斯拉格离距的里英 04 岸海东在�市堡丁爱府首兰格苏。面西域区个这在�哥斯拉格 市城大最。区地地高的家国个两这越跨�舍宿活生口人的区地地低在�三。 �地高南�部南和 �地高兰格苏�区泊湖的部北和区山的少稀烟人是 �分部一的固坚最国英是兰格苏 �上体身在 。了立独己自象想兰格苏跃飞的大个一是不它�此 因。立独国英的家国一统为作件组国英的史历段一长当相了花前先它了语英非有只为因�一 之份身的己自心信有最是也这。域区理地和口人在是论无�家国个四的大最个二说传是不�功成的瑟亚管不
英语国家社会与文化第四版上册课文Unit4翻译

英语国家社会与文化第四版上册课文Unit4翻译伦敦是一座充满反差的城市,历史和传统悠久,但始终处于当代时尚和思想的前沿。
景点不胜枚举,但包括威斯敏斯特大教堂、白金汉宫和伦敦塔等世界著名景点。
在特拉法加广场漫步,在牛津街购物,千万不要错过最新的热门之旅——伦敦眼——一个巨大的摩天轮,可以俯瞰壮丽的景色。
对于那些喜欢戏剧的人来说,伦敦西区有大量精选的戏剧和演出。
对于博物馆迷来说,大英博物馆和科学博物馆是世界上最好的博物馆之一。
泰特美术馆和国家美术馆收藏了一些世界上最伟大的艺术作品。
有关伦敦附近游客目的地的信息,请访问英国母国、东安格利亚和英格兰中部的WorldWeb旅行指南。
威斯敏斯特大教堂威斯敏斯特大教堂可追溯到1045年,当时由爱德华一世国王建造。
今天,它仍然是一个经常礼拜的地方,也是许多王室庆祝和抱怨的场所。
国王和其他庄严的人物埋葬在这里。
它占地32000平方英尺,是一个建筑奇迹。
教堂使用的钟可以追溯到13世纪和16世纪。
白金汉宫白金汉宫是英国女王在伦敦的官邸,也是世界上最知名的建筑之一。
它装饰和装饰着艺术作品,这些作品是皇家收藏的一部分,皇家收藏是世界上主要的艺术收藏之一。
宫殿的部分区域定期向游客开放。
游客可以参观女王接待和款待客人的一些国务室。
国务室里有一些皇家收藏中最好的物品和令人叹为观止的法国家具。
客人还可以探索宫殿内的一些公寓。
塔桥于1885年开始建造,9年后开放。
这是伦敦唯一一座可以升高的桥。
桥内有塔桥体验,这解释了这座桥100年的历史。
伦敦塔景点。
白塔始建于1078年,是后来成为伦敦塔的第一座建筑。
官方名称是“女王陛下的皇宫和要塞——伦敦塔”。
随着时间的推移,原始结构中添加了一些内容。
一些额外的塔楼包括皇冠珠宝,圣。
托马斯之塔、盐塔以及更多。
威斯敏斯特宫外的钟楼通常被称为大本钟。
关于大本钟,大多数人不知道的是,真正的大本钟实际上是塔内的钟,而不是塔楼本身。
威斯敏斯特宫包括议会大厦。
英语国家社会与文化入门(上册)汉语译文之英国UKeconomy

Absolute Decline and RelativeDecline到19世纪80年代英国经济在世界上占主导地位产生一个世界上,一半的煤,铁,半制成品的棉花三分之一。
英国航运数额更大的世界其他地区加起来比。
但即使到1900年这不再是这样,英国有超过都被美国和德国,当然也从1945年到现在,对英国经济的故事通常是作为一个思想的下降。
这是可以理解的,而是误导,因为它实际上一直是经济稳定增长时期,迅速提高生活水平。
英国仍然是七工业经济大集团之一。
但也有描述为这一时期下降的原因之一。
中英双方作为第二次世界大战的成功盟友之一战后世界,同其主要竞争对手的一些国家,如德国和日本,经济遭到破坏。
同时英国是一个更加庞大帝国的中心。
数字显示,英国是仅次于美国在国际经济中。
因此,英国当时显然是在强大的经济地位,它的地位显然不再占据,这表明一些下降排序。
但基本的正面描述的经济规模表面上的事实,世界贸易是英国比例很高,因此在1945年,没有透露有关英国的立场,重要的负面事实即使这样。
首先该国了负债累累,以资助战争,累计出售其海外资产多,借用美国和加拿大的大量资金。
这些债务意味着英国进入一个重大的经济问题,战后时代。
其次,帝国时代已经结束。
印度,俗称为“在大英帝国的皇冠”珠宝称,1947年取得独立,只有2年后战争结束。
这是在帝国的最大元素,提供原材料,并为英国商品的大市场。
这与印度的关系已不再可用,帝国的其它国家也纷纷仿效印度独立,剩下的只是一个中等规模的欧洲国家,英国的人口只有五分之一的美国的大小,第三,尽管相对快速和顺利的非殖民化自由的过程中,英国仍然不得不维持一个庞大而昂贵的地方,许多海外的军事存在,直到该进程完成(主要是由60年代末)。
此外,政府立场的其中一个职位的塑造者,战后世界需要大量的军事贡献,作为北约的主要伙伴之一两者,作为安理会常任理事国。
所有这一切的结果是英国用于军事比其大多数竞争对手其国民财富(尤其是其研究和开发预算)的比例较高。
英语国家社会与文化入门全文翻译

英语国家社会与文化入门全文翻译ABriefIntroductiontotheUnitedKingdom该国,我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。
大多数人都知道做些什么,因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用,只是来到一个在未来数年年底,之后第二次世界大战。
然而,一些市民对英国知道(他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误,英格兰)可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。
一方面,帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前,只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。
英国不再是一个帝国的国家,尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式,而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分,和国家之间的密切关系,至少它通过一个松散的维持(自愿)组织的联系称为英联邦国家。
但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟,其中英国1973年以来的成员,这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家,而不是其英联邦成员资格。
它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家,是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。
另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。
从这些英联邦国家,这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民,已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。
他们自己或其父母或祖父母,出生在印度或巴基斯坦,加勒比国家,这些只是最常见的。
这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题:因为是大多数情况下,或所有,国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。
英国认为谁,很多人认为的英国绅士。
但是,这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说,没有什么真正的有效性今天。
英国是一个国家,一个单一的护照,和一个政府及对其所有的主权,但作为国家的大力顾名思义,它是由不同的元素组成。
它包括4一个国家内的部分国家:大不列颠岛是由英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士,北爱尔兰,一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份,完成设置。
因此,在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑,必须使这些分歧,例如:一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴,如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士?她是苏格兰和女性,并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。
英语国家社会与文化入门Unit1

Unit 1一、判断1、Britain is no longer an imperial country.(T)英国不再是一个帝国主义国家。
2、The Commonwealth of Nations includes all European countries.(F)英联邦的国家包括所有欧洲国家。
3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity.(F)十分之一个非欧洲的英国人口的种族。
4、The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of British people.(T)刻板印象的英国绅士永远适用于大多数的英国人。
5、When people outside the UK talk about England,they mistake it as Britain sometimes.(T)当英国以外的人谈论英国,有时他们的错误这是英国。
6、The scots and Welsh have a strong sence of being British.(F)苏格兰和威尔士有强烈的感觉是英国人。
7、Scotland was never conquered by the Romans.(T)苏格兰从未被罗马人征服。
8、MMost people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language,called"Gaelic".(F)大多数人在苏格兰古老的凯尔特语言,称为“盖尔语”。
9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means.(T)苏格兰与英格兰通过和平方式统一。
10、Wales is rich in coal deposits.(T)威尔士有丰富的煤炭储量。
英语国家社会与文化入门_上册_翻译

A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom该国,我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。
大多数人都知道做些什么,因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用,只是来到一个在未来数年年底,之后第二次世界大战。
然而,一些市民对英国知道(他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误,英格兰)可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。
一方面,帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前,只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。
英国不再是一个帝国的国家,尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式,而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分,和国家之间的密切关系,至少它通过一个松散的维持(自愿)组织的联系称为英联邦国家。
但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟,其中英国1973年以来的成员,这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家,而不是其英联邦成员资格。
它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家,是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。
另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。
从这些英联邦国家,这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民,已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。
他们自己或其父母或祖父母,出生在印度或巴基斯坦,加勒比国家,这些只是最常见的。
这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题:因为是大多数情况下,或所有,国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。
英国认为谁,很多人认为的英国绅士。
但是,这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说,没有什么真正的有效性今天。
英国是一个国家,一个单一的护照,和一个政府及对其所有的主权,但作为国家的大力顾名思义,它是由不同的元素组成。
它包括4一个国家内的部分国家:大不列颠岛是由英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士,北爱尔兰,一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份,完成设置。
因此,在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑,必须使这些分歧,例如:一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴,如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士?她是苏格兰和女性,并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。
英语国家社会与文化入门(高清上册))

UNIT 6 1. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States? 1. By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants lived in America. 2. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a "revival" movement that sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations. 3. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs. 4. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbade the new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exercise, of religion. 3 What promotes the diversity in American religion? 1. The United States has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier America provided plenty of room to set up a new church or found a new community. 2. Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social living, were founded in 18th and 19th century America. 3. Americans with different religions live together under the same law. 4. The religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress. 5. In the United States every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building. 6. Continuous immigration.
最新英语国家社会与文化入门上册第三版

判断题第一单元1、Britain is no longer an imperial(帝国)country(T)2、The Commonwealth(英联邦)of Nations includes all European countries(F)3、1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity(种族)(F)4、The stereotype(刻板印象)of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people(T)5、When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes(T)6、The Scots and Welsh(苏格兰和威尔士)have a strong sense of being British(F)7、Scotland(苏格兰)was never conquered by the Romans(罗马人)(T)8、Most people in Scotland speak the Celtic(凯尔特)language, called “Gaelic”(F)9、Scotland was unified with England through peaceful means(T)10、Wales(威尔士)is rich in coal(煤炭)deposits(存款)(T)11、Cardiff(卡迪夫), the capital of Wales, is a large city(F)12、The title of Prince(王子)of Wales is held by a held by a Welsh according to tradition(F) 第二单元1、Ireland is part of Great Britain(F)2、“Ulster(阿尔斯特)”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom(王国)(T)3、The capital of Belfast(贝尔法斯特)is a large city with half a million people(F)4、Northern Ireland is significant(重要的)because of its manufacturing(制造业)industry(F)5、The majority of Irish people were descendants(后代)of the original Celtic(凯尔特)people who inhabited British Isles(群岛)before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago(T)6、Most British people are Protestants(新教徒)while most Irish people are Catholics(天主教徒)(T)7、The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland(T)8、Sinn Fein(新芬党)is a legal political party in Northern Ireland(T)9、The Anglo-Irish(岗格鲁-爱尔兰)Agreement of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist(政府军)Protestant community(社区)their to decide their future in Northern Ireland(T)10、The Good Friday Agreement(协议)was approved on 10 April 1998(T)11、Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions(司法管辖区): thatf Republic (共和国)of Ireland that of Great Britain(F)第三单元1、It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy(民主)in the world(F)2、In Britain, the process of state-building(国家建设)has been one of evolution rather than revolution, contrast to France and the US(与法国和美国相比)(T)3、The oldest institution(机构)of government in Britain is the Monarchy(君主政体)(T)4、The divine(神圣的)right of the king means the sovereign(主权)derived(派生的)his authority(权威)from his subjects(主题)(F)5、As the king in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute(绝对)power(F)6、The term “parliament(议会)”was first officially used in 1066 to describe the gathering of feudal barons(封建贵族)and representatives from counties and towns(F)7、Britain is both a parliamentary democracy(议会民主制)and a constitutional monarchy(君主立宪制)(T)8、Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which most countries have(F)9、Common laws are laws which have been established(建立)through common practice(实践)in the courts(法院)(T)第四单元1、In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances(情况下)(T)2、Anyone who is eligible(符合条件的)to vote with 500 pounds as deposit(存款)can stand as an MP(国会议员)(F)3、Each main party is given some time on national TV to “sell”their policies. The time is not given free and has to be paid by the party(T)4、The amount spent in national campaign(运动)is not limited other than that on TV(F)5、Secrecy(保密)is not an important part of the voting process(T)6、There are two major national parties in the U.K. according to the text(F)7、Liberal Democratic(自由民主)party is the newest of the major national parties(F)8、Children from the upper-middle-class(中上层阶级)usually have a better education than those from the working or middle-class(T)9、The majority of middle-class people today have working class parents or grandparents(T)10、One of the distinctive features(独特的特征)about the British class-system is that it has also retained(保留)a hereditary aristocracy(世袭的贵族)(T)11、The majority of Britain’s recent immigrants have mainly come from North Asia(北亚)and Caribbean(加勒比)countries(F)12、Most immigrants earn a living by opening restaurants or becoming musicians(F)13、The majority have problems of unemployment published its Household Energy Management Strategy(家庭能源管理策略)(T)14、On March 2, 2010, the British government publish its Household Energy Management Strategy(T)15、On December 27, 2009 the TN Climate(气候)Change Conference was held in Copenhagen(T)16、According to the Kyoto Protocol(京都议定书), the government has agreed that the UK will meet tough targets(艰难的目标)to reduce carbon emissions incrementally(增量)between now and 2020(F)第五单元1、By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant(主导)in the world(T)2、Both the US and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900(F)3、By the end of World War II, Britain had gone heavily into debt(债务)in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the US and France(F)4、Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies(殖民地), especially India, which gained its independence in 1947(T)5、In the 1970s, with the soaring(飙升的)price of oil and high rates of inflation(通货膨胀), Britain went through a bad period. In 1979, the Labour party had to step down(下台)from the government (T)6、The leader of the Conservatives(保守派), Margaret Thatcher(玛格丽特-撒切尔)starteda series of reforms. An extensive(广泛的)programme of privatization(私有的)was carriedout, and she was successful in an all-round(全面的)way (F)7、Tertiary(三级)industries include banking, insurance(保险), tourism(旅游), agriculture and the selling of goods (F)8、Britain has a large sector(部门)of agriculture producing 11.6% of its national wealth (F)9、According to the text, the tertiary(三级)industry produces approximately(大约)two-thirds of the national wealth (T)10、The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force (T)11、As a member of the World Trade Organization, the UK is playing a very important role in the world trade (T)12、The UK is the third biggest international investor(投资者)in the world (F)第六单元1、Much early British literature was concerned with Christianity(基督教), and Anglo-Saxons (盎格鲁-撒克逊人)produced many versions(版本)of the Bible(圣经)(T)2、Beowulf(贝奥武夫)was a sea monster(海怪)killed by a Swedish warrior(瑞典战士)(F)3、“The Wife of Bath(浴的妻子)”is one of the tales(故事)contained in The Canterbury Tales (坎特伯雷故事集)(T)4、There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual(知识)life in Europe during the 17th and 18th century which is known as “The Renaissance(文艺复兴时期)”(F)5、William Shakespeare(威廉·莎士比亚)is a great poet and much is known of his life (F)6、Keats, Shelley and Byron(济慈、雪莱和拜伦)brought the Romantic Movement(浪漫主义运动)to its height (T)7、Robinson Crusoe(鲁宾逊漂流记)tells the story of a shipwreck and solitary survival(海难和孤独的生存)(T)8、Writers of romantic literature(浪漫主义文化)are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason (T)9、Don Juan(唐璜)is an epic poem(史诗)composed by John Milton(约翰·弥尔顿)(F)10、Thomas Hardy(托马斯·哈代), the author of Tess of the D’Urbervilles(德伯家的苔丝), was also a first-class(一流的)poet (T)第七单元1、The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy(读写能力)and the other basic skills but also to socialize(社交)children (T)2、The state seldom interferes(干扰)with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught (F)3、The enduring feature(持久特征)of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools (F)4、The 1944 Education Act made entry to secondary schools(中学)and universities “meritocratic(精英)”(T)5、Public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government (F)6、British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government (T)7、All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised(监督)by the government (T)8、In Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years later, upon payment of a fee (T)9、Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector(部门)and tuition(学费)rates, with some government support (T)10、Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education(F)第八单元1、When the Second World War ended, Britain no longer was the largest military(军事)power in Western Europe (F)2、The UK was awarded(授予)a seat on the UN(联合国)Security Council(安理会)in recognition(识别)of its contribution in setting up the United Nations (F)3、According to the text, the most important single factor which influences British policy-maker is its history (T)4、The Prime Minister and Cabinet(内阁)decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy (T)5、The main government department involved is the Foreign and Commonwealth Office(外交和联邦事务部)(FCO) (T)6、Britain is a parliamentary monarch(议会君主)(F)7、There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth(英联邦)(F)8、The British host a large American Military(军事)presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK (T)9、Britain is not a member of the NATO(北约)due to its disagreement with some European countries on defence policy (F)第九单元1、On an average day, an overwhelming(压倒性的)majority of Britons over the age of 15 red a nation or local paper(报纸)(T)2、The British media play an important role in shaping(塑造)a national culture (T)3、In the late seventeenth and early 18th century, as the British economy began to industrialise, and as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and newspapers began to appear (F)4、Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog(监管机构)of parliamentary democracy(议会民主制)(T)5、The Advertising Code(广告代码)ensures that advertisements are legal, decent(体面地), honest and truthful; have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society; and respect the principles of fair competition(竞争)(T)6、It is incorrect to say that class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read (F)7、The Telegraph readers, for example, will be soft on crime(犯罪), be quite feminist(女权主义)and interested in green politics (F)8、The tabloids(小报)are smaller format(格式)newspapers with colour photos and catchy headlines(吸引人的标题). They are often called “the gutter press(黄色小报)”(T)9、The British Broadcasting Corporation is funded by licence(许可证)fees and viewers must buya licence each year for their TV set (T)10、The BBC(英国广播公司)World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 42 other languages throughout the world (T)第十单元1、The tradition of having Sunday off derived from(来自)the Christian Church(基督教堂)(T)2、The origin of Bowling(打保龄球)lies in the victory celebration ceremony(仪式)by the ancient warriors (T)3、Tennis(网球)is usually regarded as a winter and spring sport (F)4、The game of golf was invented by the Scottish(苏格兰)(T)5、The animal-lovers’groups would like to have horse racing banned(禁止)(T)6、Easter(复活节)is the biggest and best loved British holiday (F)7、Christmas Pantomime(哑剧)is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British (T)8、It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing (F)9、The biggest Bonfire Night(篝火之夜)celebration is held in London (F)10、In Ireland, New Year’Eve called Hogma除夕)(December 31st) is the major winter celebration (T)选择题第一单元1、which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London? (D/The sports centre)2、Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain? (B/Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales(威尔士))3、Which of the following is NOT True about Britain? (D/It used to be one of the superpowers in the world)4、Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? (C/London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world)5、The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by (D/William the Conqueror)6、Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? (A/The Anglo-Saxons(盎格鲁-撒克逊人))7、Which is the largest city in Scotland? (C/Glasgow(格拉斯哥))8、Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish(奇异的苏格兰)state in the century? (A/They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids(维京人袭击))9、Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? (B/In the Lowlands(低地))10、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (B/Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons (盎格鲁-撒克逊人))11、Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland? (C/The Scottish Nationalist(民族主义)Party)12、When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments(议会)?(D/In 1701)13、Llywelyn ap Gruffudd is not a simple historical figure for the Welsh. He is almost considered the legendary(传奇)hero of Welsh nationalism because (D/he unified Wales as an independent nation)第二单元1、In the 17th century the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because (A/they wanted to increase its control over Ireland)2、In 1969, the first British soldiers were seen on Northern Ireland street. They came first (B/to protect Catholics(天主教徒))3、Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for (D/its endless political problems)4、Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise(妥协)and organized a partition of Ireland in 1921, because (B/the British government intended to satisfy both sides-Catholics(天主教)and Protestants(新教))5、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (C/The Social Democratic(社会民主党)and Labour Party(劳动党)is a very important political party in Britain)6、In the early 1970s, the IRA(爱尔兰共和军)(D/carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security force as their main target)7、1972 was the worst year of the political troubles in Northern Ireland, because (B/468 people were killed in Northern Ireland)8、Why did the British government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct-rule (直接统治)”from London? (D/All the above)9、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (C/Margaret Thatcher(玛格丽特-撒切尔)’s government gave in to their political demand)10、How many counties are there in Northern Ireland? (B/6)11、Which of the following agreement is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland? (C/The Good Friday Agreement)12、According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by the following jurisdictions(司法管辖区)except (B/the jurisdiction of loyalist minist(部长))第三单元1、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? (A/It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power)2、Which of the following kings was executed(执行)in the civil war? (C/Charles(查尔斯)1)3、What happened in 1215? (B/Forced by barons(贵族), King John signed the Magna Carta(大宪章))4、Which of the following is NOT true about the Great Council? (C/It later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet(内阁))5、Under whose reign(统治)was the Bill of Rights passed? (B/William of Orange)6、Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution? (A/It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government)7、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? (D/Parliament(议会)has no power to change the terms of the Constitution)8、Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role? (A/The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet(内阁))9、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords(上议院)? (C/The lords(领主)are expected to represent the interests of the public)10、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? (A/Members of Parliament(议会)elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet)第四单元1、Which group of people cannot vote in the general election? (B/Lords(领主)in the House of Lords)2、By whom is a “vote of no confidence”decided? (A/The House of Commons)3、Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaigns(选举活动)? (A/Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television)4、How many seats in the House of Commons should a part hold at least in order to win the election? (B/326)5、Which of the following description about the Conservative(保守的)party is NOT true? (D/It is known as a party of high taxation(税收) levels)6、Which period of time in British history was described as “private affluence and public squalor(肮脏)”? (C/The 1980s)7、Who is the leader of the Labour party at present? (C/Gordon Brown)8、Which of the following is NOT true abort life peers(同行)? (B/They cannot sit in the House of Lords)9、Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK? (B/Class division is only decided by people’s income)10、Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the hereditary aristocracy(世袭贵族)in the UK? (C/They are the richest people in the UK)11、Which of the following is NOT an effect of immigration on British society? (B/Class tension has increased)12、Which of the following is Not a true description of the situation of ethnic minorities(少数民族)in the UK? (A/They are well represented in the British Parliament(议会))13、Which of the following is NOT included in Household Energy Management Strategy(能量管理策略)? (C/Every household will have produced their electricity from renewable(可再生)energy resources)第五单元1、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? (C/There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards)2、Which of the following was NOT the reason for the relative economic decline since 1945? (C/Britain had carried out the nationalization of the businesses)3、Which of the following livestock(牲畜)has the biggest number in the UK? (D/Sheep)4、Where is the best agricultural land in Britain? (A/In the southeast of England)5、Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector(部门)? (B/ICI)6、Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK? (C/Rover(探测器))7、In the aerospace(航空航天)industry, which of the following, countries is ahead of Britain? (B/The U.S.)8、Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War? (A/Imperial Airways(帝国航空公司))9、What did Frank Whittle(弗兰克·惠特尔)do in 1937? (B/He developed the first jet(飞机)engine)10、Which company became an important aero-engine(航空发动机)manufacturer after WWI? (B/Rolls Royce(劳斯莱斯))11、Which of the following two companies merged into British Aerospace(航空航天)? (A/The British Aircraft Corporation and Hawker-Siddeley Aviation)12、Which of the following countries is the last to come out of recession(大萧条)? (C/Britain)第六单元1、Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里·乔叟)? (A/The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事集))2、Which literary form flourished(蓬勃发展)in Elizabethan age(伊丽莎白时代)more than any other form of literature? (C/Drama)3、Among the following writers, who was NOT one of the great 三人组)(? (C/Thomas Malory)4、Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism(浪漫主义)? (D/Defoe(笛福))5、Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? (B/Macbeth(麦克白))6、Which of the following writers was the most famous Scottish novelist? (D/Sir Walter Scott(沃尔特·斯科特爵士))7、Several gifted women played a significant part in the 19th-century literature. Which of the following is an exception? (A/Virginia Woolf(弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫))8、Which of the following writers was NOT associated with Modernism(现代主义)? (C/Charles Dickens(查尔斯·狄更斯))9、Which of the following is generally considered to be the masterpiece(杰作)by Joseph Conrad (约瑟夫·康拉德)? (B/The Heart of Darkness(黑暗的心))10、Which of the following writers wrote the book 1984 that began “Postmodernism(后现代主义)”in British literature? (A/George Orwell(乔治·奥威尔))第七单元1、In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children to (C/state schools)2、In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 (B/can legally receive completely free education)3、If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called (B/General Certificate of Secondary Education)4、Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? (D/The University of Buckingham)5、Which of the following is NOT true? (D/Parents send their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to public schools)6、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University? (C/No university degree is awarded)7、In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to (A/grammar schools)8、Which of the following is NOT included in the National Curriculum(课程)? (B/Children must sit in A-level exams)9、Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system? (D/It’s dominated by the state)10、Which of the following schools would admit children without reference to their academic abilities? (A/comprehensive(全面的)schools)第八单元1、The author holds that Britain has a big influence on the postwar international order because (B/It had a strong military(军事)power and prestige(声望))2、Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? (C/China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States)3、How much of the globe did Britain rule in its imperial prime(帝国主义)? (C/A third of the globe)4、The present British foreign policy is mainly influenced by some of the following factors. Which one is an exception? (D/Its schizophrenic(精神分裂症)attitude to Europe)5、Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy? (A/The Queen of Britain)6、Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in (C/the United Nations, the EU, NATO(北约), etc)7、Which of the following statements is not true? (B/63 American military(军事)bases are under the command of Britain)8、Which of the following countries does not have nuclear weapons capabilities? (C/Italy)9、Three of the following factors have contributed to Britain’s special relationship with the United States to a certain degree. Which is the exception? (B/They have common interests in every respect)10、Why does Britain have its nuclear naval force? (B/Because it’s a traditional sea power)第九单元1、Which of the following is the world’s oldest national newspaper? (C/The Observer(观察者))2、Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper? (D/The Times)3、Which of the following statements is not true about the British media? (B/They are mainly interested in making huge profits by publishing advertisements)4、A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary(议会)democracy(民主)because (A/ it plays a watchdog function(监督功能), keeping an eye on the government )5、In Britain most advertising is carried (A/ in newspapers)6,、Which of the following about the BBC(英国广播公司)is NOT true? (C/The BBC has four channels)7、How many newspapers are there in Britain? (B/About 1400)8、Which of the following newspapers is printed internationally? (C/The Financial Times)9、Which of the following newspapers is a tabloid(小报)? (A/The News of the World)10、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? (A/They are bormat(格式)newspapers)第十单元1、Which of the following was NOT an activity in Shakespeare’s time? (D/Attending the Grand National)2、Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? (C/Basketball)3、Which of the following is NOT true about football in Britain? (C/It was invented by the Scottish people)4、Where are international tennis championships held? (B/Wimbledon(温布尔登网球公开赛))5、Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? (D/Horse racing)6、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? (C/eating chocolate eggs on Easter(复活节)Day)7、Easter commemorates(为了纪念)(D/ the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ(耶稣基督的受难和复活))8、Which community observes the traditional Ramadan(斋月)? (D/Muslim(穆斯林))9、Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday? (C/Trooping(阅兵仪式)the Colour)10、Which of the following commemorates(为了纪念)the Battle of Boyne(博因河战役)? (D/The Orange March in Northern Ireland)11、Of which people is Robert Burns(罗伯特·彭斯)a national poet? (C/The Scottish people)12、On which day is Halloween(万圣节)celebrated? (A/October 31st)。
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A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom该国,我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。
大多数人都知道做些什么,因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用,只是来到一个在未来数年年底,之后第二次世界大战。
然而,一些市民对英国知道(他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误,英格兰)可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。
一方面,帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前,只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。
英国不再是一个帝国的国家,尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式,而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分,和国家之间的密切关系,至少它通过一个松散的维持(自愿)组织的联系称为英联邦国家。
但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟,其中英国1973年以来的成员,这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家,而不是其英联邦成员资格。
它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家,是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。
另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。
从这些英联邦国家,这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民,已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。
他们自己或其父母或祖父母,出生在印度或巴基斯坦,加勒比国家,这些只是最常见的。
这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题:因为是大多数情况下,或所有,国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。
英国认为谁,很多人认为的英国绅士。
但是,这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说,没有什么真正的有效性今天。
英国是一个国家,一个单一的护照,和一个政府及对其所有的主权,但作为国家的大力顾名思义,它是由不同的元素组成。
它包括4一个国家内的部分国家:大不列颠岛是由英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士,北爱尔兰,一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份,完成设置。
因此,在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑,必须使这些分歧,例如:一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴,如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士?她是苏格兰和女性,并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。
但是,这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个,也许是最简单的,不同的是分裂联合王国。
有人已经指出,英国现在是一个多种族社会,这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化,这与他们并肩坐在一起,与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面,例如,许多穆斯林,而大多数(名英国人至少)是基督教徒。
并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实,男人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。
此外,英国经济分为:它是一个阶级结构的社会。
很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性,因为结构的过程中,大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度,但它确实可以说,对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。
一名工厂工人,他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪,父亲是一名股票经纪人,不同的文化:他们将倾向于读不同的报纸,看不同的电视节目,用不同的说话口音,在做不同的事情他们的自由时间,对自己的孩子有不同的期望。
另一个不同之处,这标志着英国社会就是区域。
即使在四个国家,每个地区的不同:高地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义,例如:北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同,但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图,只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。
然而,有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础,南部平均较富裕的北方。
部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别,这标志着英国社会,一个可以看到在许多社会中,但有可能尤其明显,在英国,也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。
伦敦是在该国南部,并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。
这是迄今为止该国最大的城市,约占全国人口的七分之一,它是政府的所在地,它是文化中心,这里是所有的主要报纸,电视台,与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊,剧院和博物馆。
此外它是商业中心,在英国大公司总部的绝大多数,是国家的金融中心,三个主要的国际金融中心之一。
因此,它结合了北京,上海,广州,还是纽约,华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能,在一个城市。
并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用,也许西安呢!伦敦是英国的经济和文化生活的巨大影响力,并在一定程度上在其阴影的国家中休息。
EnglandPopulation (1994) 48.7 million (UK total 58.4 million)Area 130 423 km2 (UK total 241 752 km2)英国是一个高度城市化的国家,其80个城市的人口居住在%,而只有2的农业劳动人口%。
其最大的城市是首都,伦敦,这是在英国统治在各个领域:政府,金融,和文化。
英国物理上的四国最大的,它是迄今最多的人口。
在规模优势,这反映在文化和经济优势也具有其结果是外国人士有时约英格兰交谈时他们指的是英国的错误。
值得注意的是,在英国的人有时也犯类似的错误,但在其他三个国家的人不会:他们会称自己为英国(如可能的英文),否则可能会称自己为苏格兰或威尔士和爱尔兰,但是,他们肯定不会自称(或喜欢被称为)英语。
因此,奇怪的是,四国,英国大多数英国人认为,因此,作为一个独立的“英语”对自己最薄弱的文化,在英国。
英国历史上一直是侵略的历史。
之前,公元一世纪,英国是组成许多人的凯尔特部落王国:一个强大的文化源自欧洲中部。
在43AD 当时英国入侵的罗马帝国,英格兰和威尔士(虽然不是苏格兰和爱尔兰),成为了近400年罗马帝国的一部分。
由于罗马帝国受到来自东面的威胁来了,罗马军队和罗马保护撤出英国,英国再次为小王国分裂,它再次受到来自外部的威胁,这从日耳曼民族时间:角度,和撒克逊人。
其中最著名的传说源于英文本的时间。
在公元5世纪,据说是一位伟大的领导人出现,统一了英国人,他的神奇的剑,神剑,推动了撒克逊人回来。
这是亚瑟王的故事,并已通过歌手,诗人,小说家,甚至制片人至今点缀。
虽然亚瑟王的真实存在的疑问,您可以访问他的传说,如悬崖边缘的廷塔杰尔城堡在康沃尔,相关的地方。
根据传说亚瑟的骑士聚集一公司给他,谁坐在阿瑟一起在卡米洛特城堡(可能是真实的吉百利在萨默塞特山山顶堡垒)。
他的骑士之间的冲突导致亚瑟创造了著名的“圆桌会议”时,都将具有相同优先级。
这也许可以看作是在其中的英国人,也希望看到他们都不是一个远程君主独裁者其他方式的指标,并在管理成为一个更民主的制度,逐步约束君主的事实,而不是完全拒绝它。
不管亚瑟的成功,不是传说,但并没有持续,对盎格鲁撒克逊人确实成功地入侵英国,要么吸收凯尔特人人,或迫使他们到英国西部和北部边缘。
尽管人们对当代英语亚瑟王认为他们的英雄,他实在是对他们的斗争,这些盎格鲁撒克逊侵略者英语的祖先,在“角创始人土地”或“英格兰”,因为它成为众所周知的。
两个侵略者的团体来英国后,从8世纪后期的:,袭击者来自斯堪的纳维亚,凶恶的海盗,威胁到英国的海岸。
在英格兰长大,他们的定居点,直到英格兰北部和东部的广大地区在其控制。
届时,英国的英雄是真正的英语(盎格鲁撒克逊人),如阿尔弗雷德大帝,谁把在打击海盗南部的潮流。
仍然有一定的这一天北方人之间在英国,南方人的文化鸿沟的同时不自觉地“撒克逊人”与“丹麦人”,可能在这个时候它的起源。
较富裕的南方人倾向于认为是自己的尖端不到北方人,而北方人认为南方人傲慢和不友好的。
它们还具有明显的特点是不同的口音。
下一个侵略者的诺曼,来自法国北部,谁都是海盗的后裔。
在诺曼底威廉(称为“征服者威廉”),他们在1066年越过英吉利海峡,并在黑斯廷斯战役,哈罗德国王下击败英国军队。
这标志着最后一次从外部入侵成功地在英伦三岛的军队。
威廉了英国王位,成为英国威廉第一。
在伦敦,在伦敦,他城堡建中心大楼,今日依然适用。
诺曼并没有解决任何英格兰很大程度上:进口,而他们的统治阶级。
接下来的三百年可以看作是一个诺曼(和法语)贵族统治一个主要撒克逊和英语的人口。
正是这种局势产生了英格兰的英雄传说另一个。
这是罗宾汉,由诺曼,谁成为非法压迫Saxonnobleman,并与他的“快乐男人”带传说藏在舍伍德森林在英格兰北部的中部。
从这个秘密的地方,武装他们的长弓,然后他们出去抢劫从富人送给穷人。
这种早期的英国社会主义(!)有特色,在许多电视剧和电影,英国和美国。
一些作家已经看到在这个绿木隐藏着的英文字符的线索:内容丰富,非常规的内部生活的外部符合隐藏的叛乱传奇受欢迎。
但是,像所有成见,这一项在很多英国人,尤其是年轻人,喜欢展示他们的unconvenionality 外部其弱点,,例如英国朋克摇滚乐队与他们的生动头发染高低不平。
但是,确实有许多英国房屋的死气沉沉方面隐瞒美丽的后花园。
园艺是英国最受欢迎的消闲活动之一,并在后花园提供了一个地方,人们的户外生活在家里就可以进行公众的目光。
对比这可能与其他国家的户外生活可能更多的社会正面看路人门廊由坐在人。
在未来数百年诺曼入侵后,可以被看作是连接在一起的英国统治下的不列颠群岛的各个部分的过程,因此有英国的身份最终成为淹没通过一项更广泛的英国身份的必要性,既要团结王国内部,并提出一个单一的身份对外英国成为一个帝国。
与此同时,权力从君主逐渐移交给议会。
查尔斯第一企图推翻于17世纪40年代导致内战中,议会的力量取得了胜利,国王被处决议会。
经过11个,其中英国是由国会领导人,克伦威尔,恢复君主制统治多年的差距。
与议会和国王的冲突导致从宝座取消苏格兰的斯图亚特房子,威廉和玛丽从荷兰进口采取王位,从而最终建立对朝廷议会的统治地位。
ScotlandPopulation: 5.111 millionArea: 77 080km2苏格兰是第二个最大的四个国家,无论是在人口和地理区域。
这也是最有信心自己的身份之一,因为只有非英语了它先前花了相当长一段历史的英国组件作为统一国家的英国独立。
因此,它不是一个大的飞跃苏格兰想象自己独立了。
在身体上,苏格兰是英国最坚固的一部分,是人烟稀少的山区和北部的湖泊区,(苏格兰高地)和南部(南高地)。
三,在低地地区的人口生活宿舍,跨越这两个国家的高地地区。
最大城市格拉斯哥,在这个区域西面。
苏格兰首府爱丁堡市,在东海岸40英里的距离格拉斯哥。
这是著名的有美,其占主导地位的大城堡,在市中心的高的岩石。
这两个城市都拥有古老的和国际上知名大学从15世纪以来。
苏格兰不是罗马人征服,但他们曾经尝试,并占领了一段时间至于北部高原区的边缘。
然而,维持他们的统治有困难,导致他们撤退到线大致相当于英格兰和苏格兰之间的现代边界。
沿着这条线,从海到海,他们像中国,建立了一堵墙,以纪念他们的域的北部边缘,并帮助保卫它。
它被称为“哈德良长城”之后,罗马皇帝在其建设的时间,虽然毁了,它的长度仍然可以看到并沿着。
也不是苏格兰最征服盎格鲁撒克逊人,虽然英国的角度是在东南成立,因此,爱丁堡的日耳曼名字。
英国凯尔特人流离失所由撒克逊入侵南部被占领靠近了现在格拉斯哥,在这同一时期(约公元六世纪)的人从北爱尔兰入侵西南地区。