英美对比
部编版 九年级上册历史 英法美资产阶级革命对比
②都体现了资产阶级倡导的民主思想；
③都有助于资本主义法制社会的建立；
④都反映了由人治走向法治、有专制走向民主，建立资产阶级民主制度的历史发展趋势。
摆脱英国殖民统治,发展资本主义
推翻封建专制统治,发展资本主义
导火线
1638苏格兰人民起义
1773波士顿倾茶事件
1789三级会议的召开
开始标志
1640年，议会重新召开
1775年，来克星顿的枪声
1789年7月14日，巴黎民众攻占巴士底监狱
领导阶级
资产阶级、新贵族
资产阶级、种植园主
资产阶级
领导人物
克伦威尔
④性质相同：都是自下而上的资产阶级性质的革命；
⑤结果相同：三都促进了资本主义的发展；传播了资产阶级自由民主的思想；都颁布了法律性文件，为确立资产阶级政治体制奠定了法制基础；都推动了世界历史发展的进程。
《权利法案》《独立宣言》、1787年宪法、《人权宣言》、1791年宪法、《拿破仑法典》文献相同点
1794年，罗伯斯庇尔等人在政变中被推上断头台
特点
曲折性，反复性、不彻底性
法国等国的援助、革命具有双重性质
规模最大、最彻底
相同点
①原因相同：三国爆发革命都是因为资本主义的发展受到了阻碍，资产阶级为掌握政权、发展资本主义而发动革命；
②领导阶级相同：三国的革命都是由资产阶级领导的；
③革命动力相同：人民群众在革命中都起了推动作用；
英美法三国资产阶级革命对比表
英国资产阶级革命
美国独立战争
法国大革命
时间
1640—1688
1775—1783
1789—1794（高潮结束）
根本原因
(英美社会文化对比作业)英国和美国医疗体系的对比1
A Comparative Study on Health Care ModeBetween British and American(By Class1 苏华虹20102401160)Instruction:As we all know, in recent years, China government has made great effort in our country’s healthy care system reform, with a tortuous development process. To prevent from more mistakes, we China also try to learn from other health care system mode and the experience when taking the system into practice of some developed countries such as the UK and the USA. Therefore it is meaningful to make a comparation between these two countries. In this passage, we will talk about the characteristics of the US and UK’s medical system and the mode of operation; the expense of the health care; the problems of these two system, at the end of it; we will talk about what we can learn from these two system to build a better healthy care system.Key words: Medical healthy care mode, government-leading, market, comparison, revelation.BodyComparing the two health care modes UK and U.S., it is obvious there are both similarities and differences between them. The similarities include: 1.The two modes hold the same goal of providing medical service to the nations 2.Each mode is in accordance with the value, spirit and will of the nations. (The American advocate for freedom and they don’t like to led by the government while the British are taken for granted that every citizen has right to enjoy medical services provided by the government) 3. Both the two mode are not perfect. Problems come along when taking the mode into practicing and both British and the American government is trying to reform the mode to get a better one. The differences are also obvious: 1.The British mode is leading by government, while the American mode is more based on the market in accordance with the principles of competition. 2. Most of the Britishhospitals owned by the state and the medical system is almost entirely supported by the progressive income tax. While there are much more non-profit and private hospitals and the government only bear the medical cost for the elderly, the poor and the disable and most of the rest are by the medical insurance. 3. The whole nations of UK can enjoy medical service from NHS while in USA; there is still 10% of the population lack medical insurance cover. 4. The mode of USA cost more than that of UK. Then in this text, we will focus on the differences.The medical mode of UK and USA is quite different depending on differences in values and politics in these two countries. Generally speaking, the United Kingdom martins a British government-led medical model. The United States is one of very few industrialized nations that do not provide some type of universal service. The medical care system of United States is guided mostly by the market without a national health system.The British government bare responsibility of health care of the nations for large part. Regional asylum Act of 1808, the metropolitan poor Act of 1867 and the Local Government Act 1929, both stress the importance of the government providing medical service for nations. On July 5, 1948, the United Kingdom created a national health system (NHS), which is a typical government-led model, to provide comprehensive services to all in need of medical services, and this day was called by many people “the greatest British historian of the day”. British residents, including foreigners legally residing in the United Kingdom, can enjoy free medical services. All residents receive equal health care services, receiving direct services guaranteed by the government. Health care system in the UK is almost entirely supported by the progressive income tax. Most of the hospitals owned by the state, almost all health care workers are state employees. Britain also has a relatively small medical insurance market; few hospitals provide medical services to holders of individual insurance. Private insurance is an option for those who wish to utilize it, and some employers offer private insurance as part of their hiring packages, but the great majority of Britons use the NHS exclusively.Different from Great Britain, the medical care system of United States is not ledby its government but decided mostly by the market principle of free composition, which reflects its advocate for freedom. Its government bears responsibility for a part of rather than the whole of the medical services and medicines as well as paying directly which mainly provided by commercial insurance, federal and state government-funded public medical insurance, supplemented by commercial organizations in accordance with market principles of free competition. In fact, the U.S. health care system is a hybrid system of a national, private, non-profit organization. Medical service providers in the United States are based on market: the number of non-profit and private hospitals is more than half of the total number of medical institutions, which shows the very high degree of market. In US, the poor and the old can get medical help from the state and federal government according the Medicare. Others may have the medical insurance, which are usually provided by the employers for the employee. The health insurance rate of large enterprises (over 200) and group is more than 80%. U.S. health insurance coverage is about 85%, of which nearly 60% by employer-sponsored insurance. For those without medical insurance or help from the government, they have to bear the medical fee themselves or the uninsured who can not afford to the cost of medical, they turn to the emergency because U.S. hospitals may not refuse emergency patients and they haven’t pay for the emergency.In a word, in UK, the government responsible for your healthy, that is to say, people in Great Britain do not have to dig into their pockets to pay for medical costs, money is no longer constitute barriers to access to good medical services. While in USA, unless you have got either a medical insurance or the federal and state government’s assistance or your employer, you must pay for the medical fee yourself.While, with difference health care mode, how much specificly should people in these two country pay for the medical care respectively and which country use less money to provide better medical service? Are the nations satisfied with their health care mode? The statistics will answer these questions.According to the World Health Organization, the United Kingdom has a population of 61.56 million, $ 36 240 per capita GDP, per capita health careexpenditure of $ 3399, total health spending accounted for 9.3 percent of GDP. How about in US.? In 1962, the U.S. health care expenditure as a percentage of GDP was less than 6 percent; in 2007, quickly rose to 16%. In 2009, health expenditure as a percentage of GDP was 16.2 percent, per capita health expenditure of $ 7.41 thousand, which is the world's most expensive health care system, because of the use and popularization of the high-tech pharmaceutical products. It means that Americans must pay much more money in medical treat than Brtishes cost.However, does it mean that America use more money to provide better medical service and the nations of USA are more satisfied with their health care mode? The statistics shown below can answer these questions. In the 2000, an overall assessment made by the World Health Organization in its hotly contested ranking of countries in terms of health system performance placed the United Kingdom 18th and the United States 37th out of 191 countries studied. Around 45 million Americans under the age of 65 lack health insurance cover, and far more US citizens than UK citizens report that the cost of health care is a barrier to access. Although the majority of the public in both the United Kingdom and United States express dissatisfaction with their healthcare systems, a higher proportion of the British population think their system works well, and a lower proportion believe the system needs to be rebuilt completely, than in the United States.As we all know, no system or policies are perfect so do the health care mode of UK and USA. When the nations enjoy the profits from the medical system, problems come along.For USA, high health care cost is the main problem, both for the nations and the government. Although the employers’ high insurance costs are paid by the employer s, they have to assume a relatively small part of the cost. The Medicare for the poor and the elderly has become the biggest burden of the fiscal. And also for the American firms, the cost of medical insurance is paid by the employer for the employee in accordance with the law has also become a heavy burden of U.S. companies. While, the output of the American medical system doesn’t equal to its high cost, as the largest and richest economies, there are still more than 10 percent of the population lack ofmedical insurance. Actually, the government in USA all stress on the medical system reform. There some examples : In 1933, Roosevelt proposed the health care system reform, which got accusation of medical experts, and not really legalized; In 1962, President Kennedy called for the establishment of health insurance for the elderly, has not yet passed by Congress; In 1976, President Carter initiated a universal health care reform initiatives, but this initiative has been shelved due to the tough economic situation; In 1994, President Clinton and his wife, Hillary proposed the most ambitious proposal, also suffered the worst defeat. On March 21, 2010, the U.S. Congress passed health care reform bill proposed by President Barack Obama to increase government responsibility, and expand insurance coverage, which will allow the U.S. government in 10 years to invest $ 940 billion, 32 million without insurance U.S. people into the health care system to improve U.S. health care coverage from 85% to 95%. This new bill through the United States "has taken a big step." However, all the reforms do not change the U.S. health care market-based mode of operation It seems that the medical system of UK works better than that of USA. But does it operate without problems? Of course not! Actually, although the NHS is seen as the envy of the world, with the increasing demand for public health services, the scale of the NHS continuing to expand, the increase in population, the NHS gradually caused grievances due to overload, of which an appointment, inefficiency become the focus of the grievances. And facing the emergence of financial pressure, the government had to start reform the NHS. Therefore, the UK also has medical reform since the past 30 years and in some ways the UK tries to learn from the health care mode of USA, which you may think is paradoxical but evidence is everywhere. Back in the 1980s, the Thatcher government drew on ideas advocated by the Stanford economist, Alain Einthoven, in formulating its plans for an internal market for the NHS. More recently, the Blair government's reforms to the NHS have led to a renewed interest in importing policies from across the Atlantic, most obviously in the introduction of a new system for paying hospitals that draws heavily on the use of prospective payment in the United States. Ten years after the release of the new national health care system in 1997, the British model has once again become the envy of the world an example.Although the current Cameron, the Conservative Party and Liberal Democratic Party coalition government are also various aspects of the reform, the UK government dare not to reduced or even canceled the universal welfare-style health system, for the nations are in favor of the NHS. For example, in 2009, the United Kingdom announced that the treatment of kidney cancer can no longer use the precious drugs; the result was a public outrage. Therefore, the reform to the medical system is just adjustment for better operation of the NHS but not change the British health care government-leading mode of operationConclusion:The two modes reflect the different value, spirit and polities of USA and UK, so China couldn’t just copy any mode. With the development of economy and teleology, Chinese government tries to improve the quality of medical service of the nation, and is trying to build a better medical system that can work efficiently. From studying the two health care modes of UK and USA, we can be clearer about what can learn from these two modes. After learning from the two modes, we should realize that: 1. the British and the USA mode have both similaraties and differences and neither may be the best mode but maybe they are the most suitable ones according to the value, spirit and politics of UK and USA respectively. 2. The British mode is fairer while the American mode is more efficient. We shouldn’t judge which one is better easily. 3. Whatever we China learn from, we must take the value, spirit and will of our nations and the national conditions into consideration but not just copy.From where I stand, the mode of USA is more efficient and use the limited money to help those who are really in need, but it seems ignore the responsibility of the government and not fit for our socialism, which is not good for the further development. For the mode of UK, it benefits the nations a lot but acquires a larger medical expense of government, and as a developing countries, it is hard for our government to provide national health system for our huge population of more than 13 billion. Meanwhile, I think if the British mode adopted in China, we have to wait longer than the British because of the huge population. And there is a huge gapbetween the rich and the poor in China, so in my opinion, we should use the limited funds to help the poor and once our government is powerful enough, all the people can be treated. In a word, either the mode of UK or that of USA is not what we China need during the developing period. Maybe we can adopt a mixture of the government-lea mode and the market-driven mode to build a better system that is fit for our national conditions as a developing countries and with huge population. I believe after ten years or decades, efforts, we Chinese will be able to build a better Chinese health model that and provides better medical service for nations and our Chinese people are proud of !。
(完整版)美国浪漫主义与英国浪漫主义的相同与不同之处
美国浪漫主义与英国浪漫主义的相同与不同之处1.定义在最抽象的术语中，浪漫主义可以被认为是想象力自发性、富有远见的独创性、奇观和情感自我表达价值的胜利，它超越了平衡、秩序、克制、比例和客观性的经典标准。
In the most abstract terms, Romanticism may be regarded as the triumph of the values of imaginative spontaneity, visionary originality, wonder, and emotional self-expression over the classical standards of balance, order, restraint, proportion, and objectivity。
浪漫主义作家倾向于把自己塑造成在荒野中哭泣的先知声音，脱离社会等级体系。
The Romantic writers tended to cast themselves as prophetic voices crying in the wilderness, dislocated from the social hierarchy.他们鄙视模仿古典模式是对所有重要角色想象的自主性的侮辱。
They scorned the imitation of classical models as an affront to the autonomy of the all-important creative imagination.浪漫主义虽然继承了启蒙运动的大部分人道和政治自由精神，但在很大程度上拒绝了它的分析理性主义，将其与当代商业、政治和道德哲学的冷酷计算思维联系在一起(例如，在本-瑟姆的作品中)。
Although inheriting much of the humane and politically liberal spirit of the *Enlightenment, the Romantics largely rejected its analytic rationalism,associating it with the coldly calculating mentality of contemporary commerce, politics, and moral philosophy (as for example in the work of *Bentham).浪漫主义培养了各种形式的怀旧和原始主义。
英美政治对比英文作文
英美政治对比英文作文In the UK, the Prime Minister is the head of government and is appointed by the monarch. The political system is a constitutional monarchy, which means that the monarch's powers are largely ceremonial.In the US, the President is the head of state and government, and is elected by the people. The political system is a federal republic, which means that the countryis divided into states with their own governments, but also has a central government.In the UK, the Parliament is the supreme legislative body, consisting of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of the House of Commons are elected by the public, while members of the House of Lords are appointed.In the US, the Congress is the supreme legislative body, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Members of the Senate are elected by the people of eachstate, while members of the House of Representatives are elected by the people of each congressional district.In the UK, the political parties include the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, the Liberal Democrats, and others. The leader of the party that has the most seats in the House of Commons becomes the Prime Minister.In the US, the political parties include the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The candidate who wins the majority of the electoral votes becomes the President.In the UK, the government is formed by the party or coalition with the most seats in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister appoints members of the government,including ministers and junior ministers.In the US, the President appoints members of the Cabinet, who are responsible for different areas of government, such as defense, education, and health.In the UK, the monarch has a largely ceremonial role,and the Prime Minister is the head of government. The monarch's powers are limited by the constitution and are exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister and the government.In the US, the President is both the head of state and government, and has significant powers, including theability to veto legislation passed by Congress. The President's powers are also limited by the constitution and by the system of checks and balances.。
最全的英美词汇差异对比
最全的英美词汇差异对比美国英语单词大全与英式英语单词对比词汇大全，美国英语单词和英国英语单词在拼写和发音方面有许多区别，下面的词汇列表，列举出了英国英语和美国英语单词中的差别，具有差别的英语单词大全。
汉/英/美飞机aeroplane/airplane航空邮件air-post/air-mail对……（人）生气angrywith/ angry at垃圾箱ash-bin(dust-bin) /ashcan秋autumn/fall面包店bakery/bakehouse纸币(bank-)note/ (bank-)bill理发厅barber"s shop/ barber shop浴盆bath/bathtub浴室bathroom/bath寝具bedclothes/covers饼干biscuit/cracker百叶窗blind/shade公寓block offlats /apartment house宿舍boardinghouse/ dormitory预约booking/reservation售票处booking-office/ ticket-office长筒鞋boot/shoe圆顶黑色高帽bowler/derby裤子的吊带braces/suspenders小憩时间break/recess中途下车breakone"s journey /stop over 白洋布、印花布calico/ printed cloth旅行队，篷车caravan/ trailer客车carriage/coach游览车charabanc/sightseeing bus药局chemist"s shop /drugstore支票cheque/check衣柜chest-drawers/ bureau教名Christianname/ first name电影院cinema/picture house寄物处，衣帽间cloakroom /checkroom 光头close crop/crew out衣夹clothes-peg/ clothes-pin公共汽车coach/bus雄鸡cock/rooster魔术师conjuror/magician蒸汽锅cooker/stove谷物corn/grain棍棒cosh/blackjack领带cravat/(neck)tie十字路口cross-roads/ intersection碗柜cupboard/closet窗帘curtain/drape煎报cutting/clipping骑自行车的人cyclist/cycler舞厅dancingsaloon/ dance ball死者，故人deceased/ decedent无尾礼服dinner-jacket /tuxedo抹布dish-cloth/dish towel老资格，老前辈doyen/dean绸缎店draper"s shop /dry-goods store 西洋象棋draughts/checkers客厅drawingroom/ parlor睡衣dressing-gown /bathrobe酒类饮料drink/liquor偶然拜访drop in/drop by垃圾箱dust-bin/ashcan公司的休憩时间elevenses /coffee break雇佣engage/hire机车，车头engine/locomotive过分excessively/ overly快递expressdelivery post/ special delivery mail 战争fighting/combat消防队fire-brigade/ fire-department二楼firstfloor/ second floor鱼类，海味fish/sea food鱼贩fish-monger/ fish-dealer花线，皮线flex/electric cord人行道footway/side walk空格表form/blank二星期fortnight/two weeks句点full stop/period橡皮套鞋galoshes/rubbers监狱gaol/jail再见good-bye/good-by货车goodstrain/ freight train卡车goodswaggon /freight car食品杂货店grocer"s shop/ grocery store 一楼ground floor/first floor车掌guard/conductor长筒橡皮套鞋overshoes /gum boots大炮cannon/gun争价，还价haggle/dicker一半half a / ahalf门厅，回廊hall/hallway长筒靴high boot/boot休假holiday/vacation旅馆的侍者hotelpage/ bellboy有病的ill /sick旅馆主人innkeeper/innholder演出休息时间interval/ intermission铁器店ironmonger"s/ hardware store水罐jug/pitcher街道的边石kerb/curb邮票，印花税票label/sticker化妆室ladies" cloakroom /powder room 地崩，山崩landslip/landslide厕所lavatory/washroom电梯，升降机lift/elevator铁路line/road寄宿者lodger/roomer卡车lorry/truck西装lounge suit/sack coat行李luggage/baggage主要街道，大路mainroad /highway玉米maize/corn汽车(motor)car/auto(mobile)市政厅municipaloffice/ city hall音乐厅，演艺馆musichall/ variety house 棉布muslin/calico零naught,nought zero通讯社news-agent/ news-dealer单据夹note-case/billfold告示notice/bulletin校友lod boys(girls)/ alumni大衣，外套overcoat/ topcoat（纸牌的）一组pack(of cards) /deck内裤，短裤pants/shorts小包，包裹parcel/package挂布pelmet/valance婴儿车perambulator/ pram baby carriage 也许perhaps/maybe汽油petrol/gasoline电影pictures/movies邮筒pillar-box/letter-box（电器）接头point/outlet转辙手pointman/switchman职业的professional /career公共电话publiccall-box/ pay station酒馆，酒店publichouse /tavern（车胎等）爆坏puncture /become flat钱包，皮夹purse/pocket-book睡衣pyjamas/pajamas赛马场race course/racetrack铁路railway/railroad电冰箱refrigerator/ icebox来回车票returnticket /round-trip ticket挂断电话ring off/hang up打电话ring up/call人行道roadway/pavement圆环roundaboutrotary, traffic circle垃圾堆rubbish-heap/ trash heap围毯rug/robe解雇sack/fire大麦饼scone/biscuit海sea/ocean定期票，长期票seaonticket /commutation ticket 抵押security/collateral鞋子shoe/oxford擦皮鞋shoe-black/boot-black商店shop/store店员shopassistant/ clerk女店员sjpp-girl/salesgirl颊发side-shiskers/ sideburns单程车票singleticket/ one-way ticket地基，地点site/lot枕木sleepers/crossties袜带suspenders/garters律师solicitor/lawyer螺丝起子spanner/wrench眼镜spectacles/eyeglasses毕业典礼speechday /commencement教员staff/faculty公立学校stateschool /public school停留stay/stopper石头stone/rock地下道subway /underpass日出sunrise/sunup餐后甜点sweet/course dessert糖果sweets/candy燕尾服tail-coat/cutaway水龙头tap/faucet终点terminus/terminal大公寓，大杂院tenements /flat神秘小说，侦探小说thriller/ mystery story截止期限time-limit /deadline时间表timetable/schedule罐头食品tinnedgoods/ canned goods 手电筒torch/flashlight城市town/city电车tram carstreet car/ trolley长途电话trunkcall /long-distance call 裤子trousers/pants地下铁路tube/subway裤管的反折turn-ups/ cuffs地下铁路underground /subway傧仪业者undertaker/ mortician贴身内衣underwear/ undershirt杂项表演variety/burlesque阳台veranda/porch贴身内衣vest/undershirt名片visitingcard/ calling card背心waist-coat/vest洗礼日washingday/ wash-day酒店winemerchant/ liquor store学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆无线电wireless/radio工作时间workingday /workday工厂works/factory。
英美文化对比——熊来了(派丁顿熊VS泰迪熊)
smeg冰箱——意大利顶级家用电器品牌，相 当于时装界的爱马仕，家电的奢侈品。在英国 很是受欢迎~
这部电影是一张伦敦的明信片（postcard）
伦 敦 眼 皮 卡 迪 利 广 场 圣 保 罗 大 教 堂
塔 桥
熊熊都有本难念的经
帕丁顿要找到人家
来养ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้自己
（Family）
Ted夹在发小和的女朋 友之间
He is not good~ But I can't stop my love for it~
Thanks~
英国式笑话
当呆萌的帕丁顿熊走进伦敦 地铁，把”带狗请抱起”理 解成”必须抱狗上电梯”，”
靠右边站”误解成”用 右脚站”。
Lost & Found 失物招领处
《帕丁顿熊》里， 当玛丽走近这位 失落在站台的异 域来客之后，帕 丁顿头顶失物招 领处招牌熄灭的 Found（找到） 一半闪烁亮起， 也暗示从这一刻 开始，迷失的帕 丁顿找到了属于 它的归宿。
传达英国绅士们 脱帽问好的习惯 牛角扣Duffle Coat蓝色达菲外 套 旧皮箱(leather suitcate)
天气 (weather)
一年365天，伦敦有 两百多天都在下雨。 这片土地的多雨属性 也是英国人爱用天气 打开话匣子的罪魁祸 首。 雨夜里只有帽子护身 的帕丁顿看上去非常 凄惨，可现实生活中 不少英国人却也是下 雨也不打伞的"弃疗 派"。
2015
英美文化对比——熊来 了
帕丁顿熊VS泰迪熊
comedy
首先，大不列颠是个岛国 你必须坐船偷渡上岸
英国人眼中有英国人才懂怎 么做出真正的橘子酱，丘吉 尔打仗时会带着它，DH劳 伦斯会在小说里写它，他们 甚至会设置全国橘子酱日来 庆祝这个美食奇迹。
浅谈英语系下英美文学对比与分析
校园英语 / 文艺鉴赏浅谈英语系下英美文学对比与分析重庆工程学院/林琳【摘要】在英语系中，英美文学是重点研究对象。
英美文学的对比与分析，需要从各个方面来谈。
本篇文章将从三大文学思潮：浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义在英美的发展来简单进行对比。
【关键词】英语系 英美文学 对比 分析英国文学与美国文学是当今社会影响范围最为深广的两类文学，对于英美文学的研究屡见不鲜。
英美两国的文化具有一定的差异性，但是美国曾经是英国的殖民地，文化之间又有一定的共通性。
英国文学历史悠久，文学体系完备，文学发展依照历史的发展而逐渐变化，文艺复兴时期的莎士比亚是英国文学与文化的象征，十七世纪的革命诗人弥尔顿，十八世纪启蒙主义思想引导下的各个散文作家，十九世纪的浪漫主义与现实主义的思潮影响下的诗人与剧作家，二十世纪现代主义思潮影响下的艾略特、乔伊斯……而美国文学与本土文化息息相关，体现着多元化与复杂性。
在殖民时期，美国作家的作品受到英国文学的深刻影响，例如泰勒的诗得益于约翰•多恩和乔治•赫伯特的影响。
在独立革命时期，美国文学逐渐形成了具有特色的民族文学，在浪漫主义思潮影响下的超验主义，极具本土特色的废奴小说。
在南北战争时期，美国的现实主义文学逐渐开始发展，马克•吐温的乡土文学，詹姆斯的心理分析小说，以及黑人小说。
在两战期间，现代主义思潮影响了以海明威为代表的“迷惘的一代”。
二战后期，后现代主义思潮影响下的“垮掉的一代”，“黑色幽默”。
英美文学的对比与分析范围比较广泛，本篇将以三大文学思潮：浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义在英美的发展来进行对比。
一、浪漫主义思潮时期浪漫主义是在现实生活的基础之上，以热情奔放的语言，绚丽多彩的想象，直白夸张的表现形式，抒发对理想世界的追求。
浪漫主义思潮比较注重个人情感的表达与抒发，具有浓烈的主观色彩。
一是英美文学都是以诗歌为奠基石，但所占的立场不同。
浪漫主义文学分为积极与消极，英国浪漫主义代表作家“湖畔诗人”就是消极派的代表，他们对资本主义的工业与文明十分的排斥，大力歌颂宗法制的自然与社会生活。
英美文学－中英文对比[整理版]
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British Writers and WorksThe Anglo-Saxon Period●The Venerable Bede 比得673~735⏹Ecclesiastical History of the English People 英吉利人教会史●Alfred the Great 阿尔弗雷得大帝849~899⏹The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 盎格鲁—萨克逊编年史The Late Medieval Ages●William Langland 威廉·兰格伦1332~1400⏹Piers the Plowman 农夫比埃斯的梦●Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340(?)~1400⏹The Books of the Duchess悼公爵夫人⏹Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德⏹The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集⏹The House of Fame声誉之宫●Sir Thomas Malory托马斯·马洛里爵士1405~1471⏹Le Morte D’Arthur亚瑟王之死The Renaissance●Sir Philip Sydney菲利普·锡德尼爵士1554~1586⏹The School of Abuse诲淫的学校⏹Defense of Poesy诗辩●Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599⏹The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历⏹Amoretti爱情小唱⏹Epithalamion婚后曲⏹Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林·克劳特回来了⏹Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌⏹The Faerie Queene仙后●Thomas More托马斯·莫尔1478~1535⏹Utopia乌托邦●Francis Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626⏹Advancement of Learning学术的推进⏹Novum Organum新工具⏹Essays随笔●Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595⏹Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝⏹The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人⏹The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧●William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616⏹Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱利叶⏹Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人⏹Henry IV亨利四世⏹Julius Caesar尤利乌斯·凯撒⏹As You Like It皆大欢喜⏹Hamlet哈姆莱特⏹Othello奥赛罗⏹King Lear李尔王⏹Macbeth麦克白⏹Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉⏹Tempest暴风雨⏹poetry: Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece (Venus and Lucrece); The Passionate Pilgrim,the SonnetsThe 17th Century●John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674⏹L’Allegre 欢乐的人⏹IL Pens eroso 沉思的人⏹Comus柯玛斯⏹Lycidas利西达斯⏹Of Education论教育⏹Areopagitica论出版自由⏹The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩⏹The Second Defence of the English People再为英国人民声辩⏹Paradise Lost失乐园⏹Paradise Regained复乐园⏹Samson Agonistes力士参孙●John Bunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688⏹Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners功德无量⏹The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程⏹The Life and Death of Mr Badman败德先生传⏹The Holy War圣战●John Dryden约翰·德莱顿1631~1700⏹All for Love一切为了爱情⏹Absalom and Achitophel押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔⏹The Hind and Panther牝鹿与豹⏹Annus Mirabilis神奇的年代⏹Alexander’s Feast亚历山大的宴会⏹An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 论戏剧诗The 18th Century●Alexander Pope亚历山大·蒲柏1688~1744⏹Essay on Criticism批评论⏹Moral Essays道德论⏹An Essay on Man人论⏹The Rape of the Rock卷发遇劫记⏹The Dunciad愚人记●Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰逊1709~1784⏹The Dictionary of English Language英语辞典⏹The Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望之虚幻⏹London伦敦⏹The Lives of Great Poets诗人传●Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特1667~1745⏹The Battle of Books书战⏹ A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事⏹The Drapper’s Letters一个麻布商的书信⏹ A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议⏹Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记●Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福1660~1731⏹The Review (periodical founded by Defoe)评论报⏹Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记●Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707~1754⏹The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫·安德鲁⏹The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生·威尔德⏹Amelia爱米利亚⏹The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯⏹The Historical Register for 1736一七三六年历史记事⏹Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国●Samuel Richardson塞缪尔·理查逊1689~1761⏹Pamela (Virtue Rewarded)帕米拉●Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗·格尔德斯密斯1730~1774⏹The Traveller旅游人⏹The Deserted Village荒村⏹The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传⏹The Good Natured Man好心人⏹She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱⏹The Citizens of the World世界公民●Thomas Gray托马斯·格雷1716~1771⏹An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽诗⏹Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat爱猫之死⏹The Bard游吟诗人●Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德·布林斯利·施莱登1751~1816⏹The Rivals情敌⏹The School for Scandal造谣学校⏹St. Patrick’s Day (The Scheming Lieutenant)圣·派特立克节⏹The Duenna伴娘⏹The Critic批评家The Romantic Age●Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯1759~1796⏹Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗⏹John Anderson, My Jo约翰·安德生，我的爱人⏹ A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰⏹Auld Long Syne往昔时光⏹ A Man’s a Man for A’That不管那一套⏹My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上●William Blake威廉·布莱克1757~1827⏹Songs of Innocence天真之歌⏹Songs of Experience经验之歌⏹America亚美利加⏹Europe欧罗巴⏹Milton弥尔顿⏹Jerusalem耶路撒冷⏹The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻●William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770~1850⏹We Are Seven我们是七个⏹The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女⏹Imitations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood不朽颂⏹The Prelude序曲⏹Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集●Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔律治1772~1834⏹The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂⏹Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔⏹Kubla Khan忽必烈汗⏹Frost at Night半夜冰霜⏹Dejection, an Ode忧郁颂⏹Biographia Literaria文学传记●George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦1788~1824⏹Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德·哈罗德尔游记⏹Manfred曼弗雷德⏹Cain该隐⏹Don Juan唐·璜⏹When We Two Parted当初我们俩分别●Persy Bysshe Shelley波西·比希·雪莱1792~1822⏹Queen Mab麦步女王⏹Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛⏹The Cenci钦契一家⏹The Masque of Anarchy, Hellas专制者的假面游行⏹Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯⏹Ode to the West Wind西风颂⏹To a Skylark致云雀●John Keats约翰·济慈1795~1821⏹On a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂⏹Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂⏹Ode to Autumn秋颂⏹To Psyche普塞克颂⏹On First Looking in Chapman’s Homer初读查普曼翻译的荷马史诗有感●Sir Walter Scott沃尔特·斯科特爵士1771~1832⏹The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人⏹Waverley威弗利⏹Guy Mannering盖曼纳令⏹Rob Roy罗伯·罗伊⏹Ivanhoe艾凡赫⏹Kenilworth肯纳尔沃斯堡⏹Quentin Durward昆廷·达沃德⏹St. Ronan’s Wells圣罗南之泉●Jane Austen简·奥斯丁1775~1817⏹Sense and Sensibility理智与情感⏹Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见⏹Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园⏹Emma爱玛⏹Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺⏹Persuasion劝导●Charles Lamb查尔斯·兰姆1775~1834⏹Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亚戏剧故事集⏹John Woodvil约翰·伍德维尔The Victorian Age●Charles Dickens查尔斯·狄更斯1812~1870⏹Sketches by Boz波兹特写⏹The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传⏹Oliver Twist奥利弗·特维斯特（雾都孤儿）⏹The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店⏹Barnaby Rudge巴纳比·拉奇⏹American Notes美国杂记⏹Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱淑尔维特⏹ A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌⏹The Chimes教堂钟声⏹The Cricket on the Hearth灶上蟋蟀⏹Dombey and Son董贝父子⏹David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔⏹Bleak House荒凉山庄⏹Hard Times艰难时世⏹Little Dorrit小杜丽⏹ A Tale of Two Cities双城记⏹Great Expectations远大前程⏹Our Mutual Friend我们共同的朋友⏹Edwin Drood艾德温·朱特●William Makepeace Thackeray威廉·麦克匹斯·萨克雷1811~1863⏹Vanity Fair名利场⏹Pendennis潘登尼斯⏹The Newcomers纽克姆一家⏹The History of Henry Esmond亨利·埃斯蒙德●Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816~1855⏹Professor教师⏹Jane Eyre简·爱⏹Shirley雪莉⏹Villette维莱特●Emily Bronte艾米莉·勃朗特1818~1854⏹Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄●George Eliot乔治·艾略特1819~1880⏹Adam Bede亚当·比德⏹The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊⏹Silas Marner织工马南⏹Romola罗慕拉⏹Felix Holt菲利克斯·霍尔特⏹Middlemarch米德尔马契⏹Daniel Deronda丹尼尔·德龙拉●Thomas Hardy托马斯·哈代1840~1928⏹ A Pair of Blue Eyes一双蓝眼睛⏹The Trumpet Major号兵长⏹Desperate Remedies非常手段⏹The Hand of Ethelberta艾塞尔伯塔的婚姻⏹Under the Greenwood Tree绿荫下⏹Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣⏹The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长⏹Tess of the D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝⏹Jude the Obscure无名的裘德●Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德·丁尼生1809~1892⏹In Memoriam悼念⏹Break, Break, Break冲击、冲击、冲击⏹Idylls of the King国王叙事诗●Robert Browning罗伯特·白朗宁1812~1889⏹Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗⏹Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧故事及抒情诗⏹Men and Women男男女女⏹Dramatic Personae登场人物⏹The Ring and the Book环与书●Elizabeth Barrett Browning伊丽莎白·芭蕾特·白朗宁1806~1861⏹Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗⏹The Cry of the Children孩子们的哭声●John Ruskin约翰·罗斯金1819~1900⏹Modern Painters现代画家⏹The Seven Lamps of Architecture建筑的七盏明灯⏹The Stone of Venice威尼斯石头●Oscar Wilde奥斯卡·王尔德1856~1900⏹The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子故事集⏹The Picture of Dorian Gray多利安·格雷的画像⏹Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子⏹ A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人⏹An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫⏹The Importance of Being Earnest认真的重要1900~1950●William Butler Yeats威廉·勃特勒·叶茨1865~1939⏹The Responsibilities责任⏹The Wild Swans at Coole库尔的野天鹅⏹The Tower钟楼⏹The Winding Stair弯弯的楼梯●John Galsworthy约翰·高尔斯华绥1867~1933⏹Forsyte Saga福尔塞世家●The Man of Property有产业的人●In Chancery进退维谷●To Let招租出让⏹The End of the Chapter一章的结束●James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯1882~1941⏹ A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man一个青年艺术家的肖像⏹Ulysses尤利西斯⏹Finnegans Wake芬尼根的苏醒⏹Dubliners都柏林人●Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅·沃尔芙1882~1941⏹Mrs Dalloway达洛维夫人⏹To the Lighthouse到灯塔去⏹The Waves浪●David Herbert Lawrence戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯1885~1930⏹Sons and Lovers儿子与情人⏹The Rainbow虹⏹Women in Love恋爱中的女人⏹Lady Chatterley’s Lover查特莱夫人的情人●George Bernard Shaw乔治·伯纳·萧1856~1950⏹Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业⏹Man and Superman人与超人⏹Major Barbara巴巴拉少校⏹Pygmalion匹格玛利翁⏹Heartbreak House伤心之家⏹The Apple Cart苹果车⏹Saint Joan圣女贞德American Writers and WorksColonial Period●Jonathan Edwards乔纳森·爱德华兹1703~1758⏹The Freedom of the Will意志的自由⏹The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended原罪说辩●Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706~1790⏹Poor Richard’s Almanac格言历书⏹Autobiography自传Romantic Period●Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文⏹ A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty纽约外史⏹The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.见闻札记⏹ A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada征服格拉纳达⏹The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉⏹Rip Van Winkle瑞普·凡·温克尔●James Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯·菲尼莫·库柏1789~1851⏹The Spy间谍⏹Leatherstocking Tales皮袜子五部曲◆The Deerslayer杀鹿者◆The Last of the Mohicans最后的莫西干人◆The Pathfinder探路者◆The Pioneer开拓者◆The Prairie草原●Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱莫生1803~1882⏹Nature论自然●Henry David Thoreau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817~1862⏹ A Week on the Concord and Merrimack River康克德和美利马科河上的一周⏹Walden华尔腾⏹ A Plea for John Brown为约翰·布朗请命●Nathaniel Hawthorne纳萨尼尔·霍桑1804~1864⏹Twice-told Tales故事重述⏹Mosses from and Old Manse古宅青苔⏹The Scarlet Letter红字⏹The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁楼的房子⏹The Marble Faun大理石雕像●Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819~1891⏹Typee泰比⏹Omio欧穆⏹Mardi玛地⏹Redburn莱德伯恩⏹White Jacket白外套⏹Moby Dick白鲸（莫比·迪克）⏹Pierre皮埃尔⏹Billy Budd比利·巴德●Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819~1892⏹Leaves of Grass草叶集●Emily Dickenson艾米莉·迪金森1830~1886⏹Because I Can’t Stop for Death因为我不能等待死神⏹I Heard a Fly Buzz – When I died我死时听到了苍蝇的嗡嗡声⏹Mine – by the Right of the White Election我的丈夫——选择如意情人的权利⏹Wild Nights – Wild Nights暴风雨夜●Edgar Allen Poe埃德加·艾伦·坡1809~1849⏹Ms Found in a Bottle在瓶子里发现的手稿⏹The Murders in the Rue Morgue莫格路上的暗杀案⏹The Purloined Letter被盗的信⏹The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌⏹Ligeia丽姬娅⏹The Masque of the Red Death红色死亡的化妆舞会⏹The Philosophy of Composition创作哲学⏹The Poetic Principle诗歌原理⏹Review of Hawthorne’s Twice-told Tales评霍桑的《故事重述》The Age of Realism●William Dean Howells威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯1837~1920⏹The Rise of Silas Lapham塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹⏹ A Modern Instance现代婚姻●Henry James亨利·詹姆斯1843~1916⏹The American美国人⏹Daisy Miller戴希·米勒⏹The Portrait of a Lady一个青年女人的画像⏹The Turn of the Screw拧螺丝⏹The Ambassadors使节⏹The Wings of the Dove鸽翼⏹The Golden Bowl金碗●Mark Twain马克·吐温1835~1910⏹The Gilded Age镀金时代⏹The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索亚历险记⏹The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝里·芬历险记⏹Life on the Mississippi在密西西比河上⏹ A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court在亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州的美国佬⏹The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug败坏了哈德莱堡的人American Naturalism●Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871~1945⏹Sister Carrie嘉丽妹妹⏹Financier金融家⏹The Titan巨头⏹The Stoic斯多噶⏹Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘⏹American Tragedy美国的悲剧⏹The Genius天才●Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克兰1871~1900⏹Maggie, a Girl of the Street街头女郎麦琪⏹The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章⏹The Black Riders and Other Lines黑衣骑士及其他⏹War Is Kind战争是仁慈的The Modern Period●Ezra Pound埃兹拉·庞德1885~1972⏹Cantos诗章●Thomas Sterns Eliot托马斯·斯特恩斯·艾略特1888~1965⏹The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock杰·阿尔弗雷德·普鲁夫洛克的情歌⏹The Waste Land荒原⏹Hollow Man空心人⏹Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三⏹Four Quarters四个四重奏⏹Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案⏹The Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会⏹The Confidential Clerk机要秘书⏹The Sacred Wood圣林⏹Essays on Style and Order风格与秩序论文集⏹After Strange Gods拜异教神●Robert Frost罗伯特·弗洛斯特1874~1963⏹ A Boy’s Will一个男孩的意愿⏹Mountain Interval间歇泉⏹New Hampshire新罕布什尔● F. Scott Fitzgerald弗·斯科特·费兹杰拉德1896~1940⏹This Side of Paradise人间天堂⏹Flappers and Philosophers轻佻女郎与哲学家⏹The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和该死的（漂亮冤家）⏹The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨币（灯绿梦渺）⏹Tender is the Night夜色温柔⏹All the Sad Young Man一代悲哀的年轻人⏹The Last Tycoon最后的巨头●Ernest Hemingway厄内斯特·海明威1899~1961⏹In Our Time在我们的时代里⏹Winner Take Nothing胜者无所得⏹The Torrents of Spring春潮⏹The Sun Also Rises太阳照常升起⏹ A Farewell to Arms永别了，武器⏹Death in the Afternoon午后之死⏹To Have and Have Not富有与贫穷⏹Green Hills of Africa非洲青山⏹The Fifth Column第五纵队⏹For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣⏹The Old Man and the Sea老人与海●Sinclair Lewis辛克莱·刘易斯1885~1951⏹Main Street大街⏹Babbitt巴比特⏹Arrowsmith埃罗史密斯⏹Dodsworth陶兹华斯⏹Elmer Gantry埃尔莫·甘德里●Willa Cather薇拉·凯瑟1873~1947⏹Alexander’s Bridge亚历山大的桥⏹O Pioneers啊，拓荒者！⏹The Song of the Lark莺之歌⏹My Antonia我的安东尼娅●William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897~1962⏹The Marble Faun玉石雕像⏹Soldier’s Pay兵饷⏹Mosquitoes蚊群⏹Sartoris家族小说⏹The Sound and the Fury喧嚣与骚动⏹As I Lay Dying在我弥留之际⏹Light in August八月之光⏹Absalom, Absalom押沙龙，押沙龙⏹Go Down, Moses去吧，莫西●John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902~1968⏹Cup of Gold金杯⏹Tortilla Flat煎饼坪⏹In Dubious Battle胜负未决的战斗⏹Of Mice and Men人与鼠⏹The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄The Post-War Period●Jerome David Salinger杰罗姆·大卫·赛林格1919~⏹Catcher in the Rye麦田里的守望者●Joseph Heller约瑟夫·海勒1923~1999⏹Catch-22第二十二条军规●Saul Bellow索尔·贝罗1915~⏹Dangling Man晃来晃去的人⏹The Adventures of Augie March奥吉·玛其历险记⏹Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德森⏹Herzog赫索格⏹Mr. Sammler’s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星⏹Humbo ldt’s Gift洪堡的礼物⏹The Dean’s December院长的十二月American Drama●Eugene O’Neil尤金·奥尼尔1888~1953⏹Beyond the Horizon天边外⏹The Emperor Jones琼斯皇帝⏹The Hairy Ape毛猿⏹Desire under the Elms榆树下的欲望⏹The Iceman Cometh卖冰的人来了⏹Long Day’s Journey into Night长夜漫漫路迢迢●Tennessee Williams田纳西·威廉姆斯1911~1983⏹The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园⏹ A Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车⏹Summer and Smoke夏与烟⏹Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫●Arthur Milller亚瑟·米勒1915~⏹The Man Who Had All the Luck交好运的人⏹All My Sons都是我的儿子⏹Death of a Salesman推销员之死⏹The Crucible萨勒姆的女巫⏹ A View for the Bridge桥头眺望●Edward Albee爱德华·阿尔比1928~⏹Zoo Story动物园故事⏹Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼娅·沃尔芙？Black American Literature●Richard Wright理查德·赖特1908~1960⏹Uncle Tom’s Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们⏹Native Son土生子⏹Black Boy黑孩子●Ralph Ellison拉尔芙·爱丽森1914~1994⏹Invisible Man看不见的人●James Baldwin詹姆斯·鲍德温1924~1987⏹Go Tell It on the Mountain向苍天呼吁⏹Notes of a Native Son土生子的札记⏹Nobody Knows My Name没有人知道我的名字⏹The Fire Next Time下一次将是烈火●Toni Morrison托妮·莫瑞森1931~⏹The Bluest Eye最蓝的眼睛⏹Song of Solomon所罗门之歌⏹Tar Baby柏油孩子⏹Beloved宠儿。