创新管理关键词中英单词对照表

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《成本会计：以管理为重心》中英文对照词汇表

《成本会计：以管理为重心》中英文对照词汇表非正常毁损Abnormal spoilage生产成本法Absorption costing账户分析法Account analysis method会计回报率Accounting rate of return权责发生制下会计回报率Accrual accounting rate of return作业Activity作业基础的预算管理Activity-based budgeting作业成本法Activity-based costing作业管理Activity-based management实际成本Actual cost实际成本法Actual costing调整分配率途径Adjusted allocation-rate approach允许的成本Allowable cost鉴定成本Appraisal costs拟构成本Artificial costs注意力导向Attention directing自治Autonomy平均成本Average cost平均等候时间Average waiting time反冲成本法Backflush costing平衡记分卡Balanced scorecard批次级成本Batch-level costs观念系统Belief systems标杆管理Benchmarking账面价值Book value瓶颈Bottleneck边界系统Boundary systems盈亏平衡点Breakeven point预算Budget预算成本Budgeted cost预算松弛Budgetary slack预算间接成本分配率Budgeted indirect-cost rate捆绑产品Bundled product业务功能成本Business function costs副产品Byproducts资本预算Capital budgeting储囤成本Carrying costs现金预算Cash budget因果图Cause-and-effect diagram财务管理认证Certified in financial management注册管理会计师Certified management accountant财务总监Chief financial officer决定系数Coefficient of determination共谋定价Collusive pricing共同成本Common cost完整往复成本Complete reciprocated costs合成单位Composite unit商讨会法Conference method遵循质量Conformance quality常数Constant固定毛利率NRV法Constant gross-margin percentage NRV method 约束条件Constraint滚动预算Continuous budget, rolling budget贡献收益表Contribution income statement边际贡献Contribution margin单位边际贡献Contribution margin per unit边际贡献率Contribution margin percentage边际贡献比例Contribution margin ratio控制Control控制图Control chart可控性Controllability可控成本Controllable cost主计长Controller加工成本Conversion costs成本Cost成本会计Cost accounting成本会计标准委员会Cost accounting standards board成本汇集Cost accumulation成本分配Cost allocation成本分配基础Cost-allocation base成本分配基础Cost-application base成本归集Cost assignment成本－收益权衡Cost-benefit approach成本中心Cost center成本动因Cost driver成本估计Cost estimation成本函数Cost function成本层级Cost hierarchy成本流入Cost incurrence成本领先Cost leadership成本管理Cost management成本对象Cost object资本成本Cost of capital产品制造成本Cost of goods manufactured成本库Cost pool成本预测Cost predictions成本追溯Cost tracing质量成本Costs of quality, quality costs本量利分析Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis累计平均时间学习模型Cumulative average-time learning model当前成本Current cost客户成本层级Customer cost hierarchy客户生命周期成本Customer life-cycle costs客户盈利分析Customer-profitability analysis客户回应时间Customer-response time客户服务Customer service分权Decentralization决策模型Decision model决策表Decision table经营杠杆水平Degree of operating leverage分母水平Denominator level生产数量差异Denominator-level variance, Output-level overhead variance, Production-volume variance因变量Dependent variable产品或服务设计Design of products, services, or processes设计质量Design quality设计锁定成本Designed-in costs, locked-in costs诊断控制系统Diagnostic control systems差异成本Differential cost差异收入Differential revenue直接分配法Direct allocation method直接成本法Direct costing成本对象的直接成本Direct costs of a cost object直接生产人工成本Direct manufacturing labor costs直接材料成本Direct material costs直接材料存货Direct material inventory直接材料混合差异Direct material mix variance直接材料产量差异Direct material yield variance直接法Direct method折现率Discount rate现金流量折现法Discounted cash flow (DCF) methods酌量性成本Discretionary costs发送Distribution减少规模Downsizing向下需求旋转Downward demand spiral双重定价Dual pricing双成本分配率法Dual-rate cost-allocation method, dual-rate method倾销Dumping次优化决策制定Dysfunctional decision making, Incongruent decision making, suboptimal decision making经济订单数量Economic order quantity (EOQ)经济增加值Economic value added有效性Effectiveness效率Efficiency效率差异Efficiency variance, usage variance努力Effort技术成本Engineered costs约当产量Equivalent units事项Event预期货币价值Expected monetary value, expected value经验曲线Experience curve外部失败成本External failure cost设施支持成本Facility-sustaining costs工厂间接费用Factory overhead costs有利差异Favorable variance反馈Feedback财务主管Finance director财务会计Financial accounting财务预算Financial budget财务计划模型Financial planning models产成品存货Finished goods inventory先进先出分步法First-in, first-out (FIFO) process-costing method固定成本Fixed cost固定间接费用弹性预算差异Fixed overhead flexible-budget variance 固定间接费用耗费差异Fixed overhead spending variance弹性预算Flexible budget弹性预算差异Flexible-budget variance产品全部成本Full costs of the product目标一致性Goal congruence毛利率Gross margin percentage增长构成Growth component高低法High-low method同质的成本库Homogenous cost pool基本报酬率Hurdle rate混合成本核算系统Hybrid costing system空置时间Idle time假设成本Imputed costs增量成本Incremental cost增量成本分配法Incremental cost-allocation method增量收入Incremental revenue增量收入分配法Incremental revenue-allocation method增量单位时间学习模型Incremental unit-time learning model自变量Independent variable成本对象的间接成本Indirect costs of a cost object间接成本分配率Indirect-cost rate间接制造成本Indirect manufacturing costs工业工程法Industrial engineering method, Work-measurement method通货膨胀Inflation价格差异Input-price variance, price variance, rate variance内制Insourcing检验点Inspection point管理会计师协会Institute of Management Accountants交互式控制系统Interactive control systems截距项Intercept中间产品Intermediate product内部失败成本Internal failure costs内含报酬率法Internal rate-of-return (IRR) method产品存货成本Inventoriable costs存货管理Inventory management投资Investment投资中心Investment center批次Job分批成本记录Job-cost record, job-cost sheet分批法Job-costing system联合成本Joint costs联产品Joint products即时制生产Just-in-time (JIT) production, lean production即时制采购Just-in-time (JIT) purchasing改进法预算Kaizen budgeting人工时间记录Labor-time record学习曲线Learning curve生命周期预算Life-cycle budgeting生命周期成本法Life-cycle costing业务管理Line management线形成本函数Linear cost function线性规划Linear programming主产品Main product自产/外购决策Make-or-buy decisions管理会计Management accounting例外管理Management by exception管理控制系统Management control system制造单元Manufacturing cells生产周期时间Manufacturing cycle time, Manufacturing lead time分配的制造费用Manufacturing overhead allocated, Manufacturing overhead applied 制造类企业Manufacturing-sector companies安全边际Margin of safety市场营销Marketing市场分额差异Market-share variance市场规模差异Market-size variance全面预算Master budget全面预算生产能力利用Master-budget capacity utilization材料需求规划Materials requirements planning用料单Materials-requisition record商业类企业Merchandising-sector companies混合成本Mixed cost, semivariable cost道德风险Moral hazard动机Motivation多重共线性Multicollinearity多变量回归Multiple regression净利润Net income净现值法Net present value (NPV) method净可实现值法Net realizable value (NPV) method名义回报率Nominal rate of return非线性成本函数Nonlinear cost function非价值增加成本Nonvalue-added cost正常生产能力利用Normal capacity utilization正常成本法Normal costing正常毁损Normal spoilage目标函数Objective function准时表现On-time performance一次性特殊订单One-time-only special order经营预算Operating budget营业部门Operating department营业利润Operating income经营杠杆Operating leverage经营Operation经营成本核算系统Operation-costing system机会成本Opportunity cost资本机会成本Opportunity cost of capital采购订单成本Ordering costs组织架构Organization structure结果Outcomes产出单位成本Output unit-level costs外部采购Outsourcing分配过多的间接成本Overabsorbed indirect costs, Overapplied indirect costs, overallocated indirect costs加班奖金Overtime premium帕累托图Pareto Diagram局部生产力Partial productivity回收期法Payback method最大负荷定价Peak-load pricing完全竞争市场Perfectly competitive market期间成本Period costs实物计量法Physical measure method计划Planning现实的生产能力Practical capacity掠夺性定价Predatory pricing预防成本Prevention costs转入成本Previous department costs, transferred-in costs价格折扣Price discount区别定价Price discrimination价格恢复构成Price-recovery component主要成本Prime costs预测报表Pro forma statements概率Probability概率分布Probability distribution问题解决Problem solving分步成本核算系统Process-costing system产品Product产品成本Product cost产品成本互补Product-cost cross-subsidization产品差异化Product differentiation产品生命周期Product life cycle产品组合决策Product mix decisions成本高计的产品Product overcosting产品支持成本Product-sustaining costs成本少计的产品Product undercosting生产Production生产部门Production department生产量水平Production-denominator level生产力Productivity生产力构成Productivity component利润中心Profit center按比例分配Proration采购订单提前量Purchasing-order lead time采购成本Purchasing costsPV图PV graph定性因素Qualitative factors质量Quality定量因素Quantitative factors真实回报率Real rate of return交互分配法Reciprocal allocation method, reciprocal method 业务流程再造Reengineering精练化成本系统Refined costing system回归分析Regression analysis相关成本Relevant costs相关范围Relevant range相关收入Relevant revenues再订购点Reorder point要求的回报率Required rate of return研发Research and development剩余收益Residual income剩余项Residual term责任会计Responsibility accounting责任中心Responsibility center投资报酬率Return on investment收入分配Revenue allocation收入中心Revenue center收入动因Revenue driver收入对象Revenue object收入Revenues返工Rework合适规模Rightsizing安全库存Safety stock销售组合Sales mix销售组合差异Sales mix variance销售数量差异Sales-quantity variance分离点销售价值法Sales value at splitoff method销售数额差异Sales-volume variance业务记录Scorekeeping废料Scrap销售价格差异Selling-price variance敏感性分析Sensitivity analysis可分离成本Separable costs阶梯法Sequential allocation method, step-down allocation method, step-down method 顺序追溯Sequential tracing服务部门Service department, supporting department服务类企业Service-sector companies服务支持成本Service-sustaining costs单变量回归Simple regression单一成本分配率法single-rate cost-allocation method, single-rate method斜率系数Slope coefficient原始凭证Source document设定分析Specification analysis分离点Splitoff point毁损Spoilage人事管理Staff management单一个体成本分配法Stand-alone cost-allocation method单一个体收入分配法Stand-alone revenue-allocation method标准Standard标准成本Standard cost标准成本法Standard costing估计系数标准差Standard error of the estimation coefficient标准投入Standard input标准价格Standard price静态预算Static budget静态预算差异Static budget variance阶梯式成本函数Step cost function脱销成本Stockout costs战略成本管理Strategic cost management战略Strategy沉没成本Sunk costs超级变动成本法Super-variable costing, throughput costing供应链Supply chain单位目标成本Target cost per unit单位目标营业利润Target operating income per unit目标价格Target price目标投资回报率Target rate of return on investment理论生产能力Theoretical capacity约束理论Theory of constraints物料贡献Throughput contribution时间动因Time driver货币时间价值Time value of money全要素生产力Total factor productivity (TFP)全部间接费用差异Total-overhead variance转移价格Transfer price触发点Trigger point不确定性Uncertainty分配不足的间接成本underabsorbed indirect costs, underapplied indirect costs, underallocated indirect costs不利差异Unfavorable variance单位成本Unit cost未用生产能力Unused capacity价值增加成本Value-added cost价值链Value chain价值工程Value engineering变动成本Variable cost变动成本法Variable costing变动间接费用效率差异Variable overhead efficiency variance变动间接费用弹性预算差异Variable overhead flexible-budget variance变动间接费用耗费差异Variable overhead spending variance差异Variance加权平均的分步法Weighted-average process-costing method在产品存货Work-in-process inventory 在产品Work-in-process。

创新管理的英文定义

创新管理的英文定义Innovation managementFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, searchInnovation management is the discipline of managing processes in innovation. It can be used to develop both product and organizational innovation. Without proper processes, it is not possible for R&D to be efficient; innovation management includes a set of tools that allow managers and engineers to cooperate with a common understanding of goals and processes. The focus of innovation management is to allow the organization to respond to an external or internal opportunity, and use its creative efforts to introduce new ideas, processes or products.[1] Importantly, innovation management is not relegated to R&D; it involves workers at every level in contributing creatively to a company's development, manufacturing, and marketing. By utilizing appropriate innovation management tools, management can trigger and deploy the creative juices of the whole work force towards the continuous development of a company.[2] The process can be viewed as an evolutionary integration of organization, technology and market by iterating series of activities: search, select, implement and capture.[3]Innovation processes can either be pushed or pulled through development.A pushed process is based on existing or newly invented technology, that the organization has access to, and tries to find profitable applications to use this technology. A pulled process tries to find areas where customers needs are not met, and then focus development efforts to find solutions to those needs.[4] To succeed with either method, an understanding of both the market and the technical problems are needed. By creating multi-functional development teams, containing both engineers and marketers, both dimensions can be solved.[5] The lifetime (or product lifecycle) of new products is steadily getting shorter; increased competition therefore forces companies reduce the time to market. Innovation managers must therefore decrease development time, without sacrificing quality or meeting the needs of the market.Common tools include brainstorming, virtual prototyping, product lifecycle management, idea management, TRIZ, Phase–gate model, project management, product line planning and portfolio management.[citation needed]。

管理学英文词汇收集

Management 管理Introduction: 概述Management 管理Efficiency 效率Effectiveness 效果First-line managers 基层管理者Middle managers 中层管理者Top managers 高层管理者Henry Mintzberg 亨利•明兹博格Management role 管理角色Interpersonal Role 人际角色Informational Role 信息角色Decisional role 决策角色Management skill 管理技能Technical skills 技术技能Human skills 人事技能Conceptual skills 概念技能History: 历史Adam Smith 亚当.斯密The Wealth of Nations 国富论Division of labor 劳动分工Frederick Winslow Taylor 泰勒Scientific Management 科学管理Henri Fayol 亨利.法约尔Principles of management 管理学原理Max Weber 马克思•韦伯Bureaucracy 官僚制Quantitative approach 定量方法Organizational behavior 组织行为学Contingency approach 权变学Robert Owen 罗伯特•欧文Hawthorne studies 霍桑实验Systems Approach 系统方法Closed systems 封闭性系统Open systems 开放性系统Organizational Culture:组织文化Omnipotent view of management 管理万能论Symbolic view of management 管理象征论General Environment 一般环境Specific Environment 具体环境Environment uncertainty 环境的不确定性Environment complexity 环境的复杂性Multinational corporations 多国公司Transnational corporation 跨国公司Ethnocentric attitude 民族中心论Polycentric attitude 多民族中心论Geocentric attitude 地球村论Geert Hofstede 吉尔特.霍夫斯塔德Individualism 个人主义Collectivism 集体主义Power distance 权利距离Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性回避Quantity of life 生活数量Quality of life 生活质量Social responsibility 社会责任Social responsiveness 社会反应Social obligation 社会义务Utilitarian view of ethics 功利论Rights view of ethics 权利论Theory of justice view of ethics 公正论Integrative social contracts theory 社会契约整合观Preconventional 前惯例Conventional 惯例Principled 原则Planning: 计划Decision-making process 决策程序Decision criteria 决策标准Rational 理性Bounded rational 有限理性Intuitive decision making 直觉决策Well structured problems 结构良好的问题Programmed decision 程序化决策Nonprogrammed decision 非程序化决策Brainstorming 头脑风暴Delphi technique 德尔菲法Electronic meeting 电子会议Strategic plans 战略计划Operational plans 操作计划Specific plans 具体计划Directional plans 指导性计划Corporate-level strategy 公司层战略Business-level strategy 事业层战略Functional-level strategy 功能性战略Stability strategy 稳定战略Growth strategy 成长战略Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略BCG (Boston Consulting Group)matrix 波士顿矩阵Cash cows 现金牛Stars 吉星Question marks 问号Dogs 瘦狗Michael PorterCost-leadership strategy 成本性战略Differentiation strategy 差异性战略Focus strategy 集中战略Environmental scanning 环境扫描Quantitative forecasting 定量预测Benchmarking 标杆Technological forecasting 技术预测Expense budget 费用预算Profit budget 利润预算Fixed budget 固定预算V ariable budget 可变预算Gantt chart 甘特图Load chart 负荷图Break-even analysis 盈亏分析Linear programming 线性规划Queuing theory 排队论Probability theory 概率论Marginal analysis 边际分析Organization: 组织Work specialization 工作定位Departmentalization 部门化Chain of command 命令链Span of control 控制跨度Formalization 正规化Centralization 集权Decentralization 分权Mechanistic organization 机械化组织Organic organization 有机组织Simple structure 简单性结构Functional structure 功能性结构Divisional structure 地区性结构Team-based structure 团队结构Matrix structure 矩阵结构Project structure 项目结构Autonomous internal units 内部自主单位Boundless organization 无边界组织Communication 沟通Nonverbal communication 非语言沟通Body language 身体语言Filtering 过滤Selective perception 选择性知觉Job rotation 工作轮换Job enlargement 工作扩大Job enrichment 工作丰富Job characteristics model 工作特征模型Skill variety 技能多样化Compressed work week 压缩工作周Flexible work time 弹性工作制Job sharing 工作分享Contingent workers 应急工Job analysis 工作分析Job description 工作描述Job specification 工作规格V alidity 信度Reliability 效度Work sampling 工作样本Orientation 岗前培训Performance appraisal 绩效Behaviorally anchored rating scales 锚定方法Labor union 工会Collective bargaining 集体交易Change agent 变革推动者Calm waters metaphor 风平浪静观White-water rapids 急流险滩观Organizational development 组织发展Sensitivity training 敏感训练Survey feedback 调查反馈Process consultation 过程咨询Leadship: 领导organizational behavior 组织行为cognitive component of an attitude 认知成分affective component of an attitude 情感成分behavioral component of an attitude 行为成分job satisfaction 工作满意度job involvement 工作投入度organizational commitment 组织认同cognitive dissonance 认识失调self-esteem 自尊self-monitoring 自我监控perception 知觉attribution theory 归因理论stereotyping 刻板halo effect 晕轮效果forming 形成storming 震荡norming 规范performing 执行adjourning 解体free rider tendency 搭便车group cohesiveness 组织内聚力conflict 冲突functional conflict 积极冲突dysunctional conflict 消极motivation 动机Abraham Maslow 亚伯拉罕•马斯洛hierarchy of needs theory 需求层次理论physiological needs 生理需要safety needs 安全需要social needs 社会需要esteem needs 尊敬需要self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Douglas McGregormotivation-hygiene theory 激励保健理论David McClellandneed for achievement 成就需求need for power 权利需求need for affiliation 归属需求reinforcement theory 强化理论equity theory 公正论expectancy theory 预期理论trait theories 特质理论behavior theory 行为理论initiating structure 定规维度consideration 关怀维度managerial grid 管理方格论Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒模型least preferred co-worker questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Paul Herseysituational leadership theory 情境领导理论readiness 成熟度Victor V roomleader participation model 领导者参与模型transactional leaders 变革性领导transformational leaders 交易性领导control: 控制market control 市场控制bureaucratic control官僚控制downward communication 自上而下沟通upward communication 自下而上沟通lateral communication 横向沟通operation management 操作管理。

知识管理词汇表(中英文对照)

9
创新指数
innovation index
10
垂直整合
verticalcollaborationa
11
当地知识
local knowledge
12
导师/师傅
tutor
13
低阶学习
lower-level learning
14
电子公告牌系统
BBS
15
电子协作
electronic collaboration
71
数据挖掘
data mining
72
数字神经系统
digital nervous system
73
搜索引擎
search engines
74
讨论区
discussion
75
徒弟
proteges
76
网络论坛
forum
77
维基
wiki
78
维基百科
wikipedia
79
文档管理
document management
64
事实知识
know-what
65
首席信息官
chief information officer
66
首席学习官
chief learning officer
67
首席知识官
chief knowledge officer
68
受控词表
controlled vocabulary
69
数据
data
70
数据仓库
data warehouse
知识管理词汇表（中英文对照）
序号
中文
英文
1
编码知识

管理英语词汇

管理英语词汇MANAGEMENT OF TIME AND COST 时间与成本管理Introduction and Theory 简介与理论Planning and Scheduling 制定计划和进度Resource Management and Financial Management 资源和财务管理Cost Control and value Analysis 成本控制与价值分析Variability and Risk Management 变化因素与风险管理Introduction and Theory 内容简介与理论objectives 目标Management theory;evolution. 管理理论及其发展Project Management;definitions. 项目管理的定义Stakeholders;client and project team. 资金保管者;代理人和项目小组Financial management in projects. 项目中的财务管理Network Analysis 网络分析Resource Management 资源管理Resourcing project 项目的资源Supply chain and projects Logistics. 供应链和后勤工作Resource allocation and smoothing 资源的调配Investment appraisal 投资评估Budgeting control 成本控制Cash flow forecasting 现金流量预测Earned value analysis 增值分析Management accounts 管理记录Risk Management 风险管理Risk analysis 风险分析time and cost 时间和成本Contingency management 意外事件管理Perception and attitudes 观察和态度Experience 工作经历Methodology 方法论organisation 组织学Sessions 研讨The fundamental principles of project management 项目管理基础理论Project Management definitions 项目管理定义Forecasting 预测Estimating 评估Programming 规划Planning 制定计划Control 控制Contractor 合同SESSION1.Introduction and Theory内容简介与理论SESSION2.Planning and Scheduling制定计划和进度SESSION3.Resource Management and Financial Management资源和财务管理SESSION4.Cost Control and value Analysis成本控制与价值分析SESSION5.Variability and Risk Management变化因素与风险管理Stakeholders;client and project team.资金保管者;代理人和项目小组Financial management in projects.项目中的财务管理Industrial scheduling工业进度Network Analysis网络分析Supply chain and projects Logistics.供应链和后勤工作Resource allocation and smoothing资源的调配Investment appraisal投资评估Budgeting control成本控制Cash flow forecasting现金流预测Earned value analysis已增价值分析Management accounts管理记录Variability and Risk Management变量和风险分析Variability in resources资源中的变量Risk analysis,time and cost风险分析,时间和成本Contingency management意外事故管理Perception and attitudes观察和态度Methodology,organisation方法论，组织学Sessions;outline研讨；大纲Sponsor赞助人Champion竞争者Client代理人Customer客户Contractor合同Sub-contractors子合同Suppliers供货商。

（完整版）管理学专业英语词汇大全

（完整版）管理学专业英语词汇大全管理学专业英语词汇大全Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand cur ve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润目标 mission/ objective 内部环境 internal environment 外部环境 external environment 集体目标 group objective 计划 planning 组织organizing人事 staffing 领导 leading 控制 controlling步骤 process 原理 principle 方法 technique经理manager 总经理general manager 行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor 企业enterprise 商业business 产业industry 公司 company 效果 effectiveness 效率efficiency 企业家entrepreneur 权利power职权authority 职责responsibility 科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavior science生产率 productivity 激励 motivate 动机 motive 法律 law 法规regulation 经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function 产品 product 服务 service利润 profit 满意 satisfaction 归属 affiliation尊敬 esteem 自我实现 self-actualization 人力投入 human input 盈余 surplus 收入 income 成本 cost 资本货物capital goods机器 machinery 设备 equipment 建筑 building 存货 inventory 经验法 the empirical approach 人际行为法 the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法 the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach 系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法 the operational approach 人际关系human relation心理学 psychology 态度 attitude 压力 pressure 冲突 conflict 招聘 recruit 鉴定 appraisal 选拔 select 培训train报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority 协调coordinate 业绩 performance考绩制度merit system 表现behavior 下级subordinate 偏差deviation检验记录inspection record 误工记录record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume 产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务 customer service 策略strategy 结构structure 领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness 忧虑fear 忿恨resentment 士气morale 解雇 layoff批发 wholesale 零售 retail 程序 procedure 规则rule规划program 预算budget 共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource 购买acquisition 增长目标growthgoal 专利产品proprietary product 竞争对手 rival 晋升promotion 管理决策 managerial decision 商业道德 business ethics 有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier 小贩vendor 利益冲突conflict of interests 派生政策derivative policy 开支帐户expense account 批准程序 approval procedure病假 sick leave 休假 vacation 工时 labor-hour 机时 machine-hour 资本支出 capital outlay 现金流量 cash flow 工资率 wage rate 税收率tax rate 股息dividend 现金状况cash position 资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget 资产负债表balance sheet 可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment 生产能力 capacity to produce 实际工作者 practitioner 最终结果 end result 业绩 performance个人利益personal interest 福利welfare 市场占有率market share 创新 innovation 生产率productivity 利润率 profitability 社会责任 public responsibility 董事会 board of director 组织规模 size of the organization 组织文化 organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool 激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth 优势 strength 弱点 weakness 机会 opportunity 威胁 threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor 定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective 可考核目标verifiable objective 优先 priority 工资表payroll 策略 strategy 政策policy 灵活性discretion 多种经营 diversification 评估assessment 一致性 consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation 价值value 抱负 aspiration 偏见prejudice 审查 review 批准 approval 主要决定major decision 分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfolio matrix 明星star 问号 question mark 现金牛cash cow 赖狗dog 采购 procurement 人口因素 demographic factor 地理因素geographic factor 公司形象company image产品系列product line 合资企业joint venture 破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy 战术 tactics 追随 followership 个性 individuality 性格 personality 安全 safety 自主权 latitude 悲观的 pessimistic 静止的static 乐观的 optimistic 动态的 dynamic 灵活的 flexible 抵制 resistance 敌对 antagonism 折中 eclectic 激励motivation 潜意识subconscious 地位status 情感affection 欲望desire 压力 pressure满足 satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要security needs 生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance 保健hygiene 激励因素motivator 概率probability 强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback 奖金bonus 股票期权stock option 劳资纠纷labor dispute 缺勤率absenteeism 人员流动turnover 奖励 reward 特许经营 franchise 热诚zeal 信心 confidence 鼓舞 inspire 要素ingredient忠诚loyalty 奉献devotion 作风style 品质trait 适应性adaptability 进取性 aggressiveness 热情 enthusiasm毅力 persistence 人际交往能力 interpersonal skills行政管理能力 administrative ability智力intelligence 专制式领导autocratic leader 民主式领导democratic leader 自由放任式领导 free-rein leader 管理方格图 the managerial grid 工作效率work efficiency 服从obedience 领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participativeleadership指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction (HCI)人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledgeengineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research，development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research＆.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人T elecommunication Executive电讯（电信）员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员T ourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视 action research 动作研究adjourning 解散 adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则 artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠 avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表 bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性 bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准 bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam) 计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者 charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标 contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度 creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术 contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制 clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权 democracy management民主管理departmentalization 部门化 differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动 dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络 domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉 divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略 decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(edp) 电子数据处理employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权 encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产 equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值 ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论 expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心 external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者 extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官 external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段 entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团 financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构 flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论 formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段 functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论 general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者 general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境 generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合 global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应 heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度 hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型 hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触 high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理 income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程 intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计 internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习 intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合 interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突 interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点 intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者 incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述 job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化 job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换 job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区 key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产 lateral communication 横。

MBA管理类相关单词词汇

(1)目标mission/objective集体目标groupobjective内部环境internalenvironment外部环境externalenvironment计戈U planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理generalmanager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavior science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economicsystem管理职能managerialfunction产品product月服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory(2)经验法theempirical approach人际行为法theinterpersonal behavior approach集体行为法thegroup behavior approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法theoperationalapproach人际关系humanrelation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegationofauthority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度meritsystem表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspectionrecord误工记录recordoflabor-hourslost 销售量salesvolume产品质量qualityofproducts先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure(3)领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力。

管理学专业英语词汇

目标 mission/ objective集体目标 group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划 planning组织 organizing人事 staffing领导 leading控制 controlling步骤 process原理 principle方法 technique经理 manager总经理 general manager行政人员 administrator主管人员 supervisor企业 enterprise商业 business产业 industry公司 company效果 effectiveness效率 efficiency企业家 entrepreneur权利 power职权 authority职责 responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学 behavior science生产率 productivity激励 motivate动机 motive法律 law法规 regulation经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function 产品 product服务 service利润 profit满意 satisfaction 归属 affiliation尊敬 esteem自我实现 self-actualization人力投入 human input盈余 surplus收入 income成本 cost资本货物 capital goods机器 machinery设备 equipment建筑 building人际行为法 the interpersonalbehavior approach集体行为法the groupbehavior approach决策理论法the decisiontheory approach数学法the mathematicalapproach系统法 the systems approach随机制宜法the contingencyapproach管理任务法the managerialroles approach经营法the operationalapproach人际关系 human relation心理学 psychology态度 attitude压力 pressure冲突 conflict招聘 recruit鉴定 appraisal选拔 select培训 train报酬 compensation授权 delegation of authority协调 coordinate业绩 performance考绩制度 merit system表现 behavior下级 subordinate偏差 deviation检验记录 inspection record误工记录record oflabor-hours lost销售量 sales volume产品质量 quality of products先进技术 advanced technology顾客服务 customer service策略 strategy结构 structure领先性 primacy普遍性 pervasiveness忧虑 fear忿恨 resentment士气 morale解雇 layoff批发 wholesale零售 retail程序 procedure规则 rule规划 program预算 budget共同作用 synergy大型联合企业 conglomerate资源 resource购买 acquisition增长目标 growth goal专利产品 proprietary product竞争对手 rival晋升 promotion管理决策 managerial decision商业道德 business ethics有竞争力的价格 competitiveprice供货商 supplier小贩 vendor利益冲突conflict ofinterests派生政策 derivative policy开支帐户 expense account批准程序 approval procedure病假 sick leave休假 vacation工时 labor-hour机时 machine-hour资本支出 capital outlay现金流量 cash flow工资率 wage rate税收率 tax rate股息 dividend现金状况 cash position资金短缺 capital shortage总预算 overall budget资产负债表 balance sheet可行性 feasibility投入原则the commitment principle投资回报return on investment生产能力 capacity to produce 实际工作者 practitioner最终结果 end result业绩 performance个人利益 personal interest 福利 welfare市场占有率 market share创新 innovation生产率 productivity利润率 profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会 board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives评价工具 appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段 control device个人价值 personal worth优势 strength弱点 weakness机会 opportunity威胁 threat个人责任personal responsibility顾问 counselor 定量目标quantitativeobjective定性目标qualitativeobjective可考核目标verifiableobjective优先 priority工资表 payroll追随 followership个性 individuality性格 personality安全 safety自主权 latitude悲观的 pessimistic静止的 static乐观的 optimistic动态的 dynamic灵活的 flexible抵制 resistance敌对antagonism [æn'tæɡənizəm]折中 eclectic [e'klektik]激励 motivation潜意识 subconscious地位 status情感 affection欲望 desire压力 pressure满足 satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization尊敬的需要 esteem needs归属的需要 affiliation needs安全的需要 security needs生理的需要physiologicalneeds维持 maintenance保健 hygiene激励因素 motivator概率 probability强化理论reinforcementtheory反馈 feedback奖金 bonus股票期权 stock option劳资纠纷 labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism[,æbsən'ti:izəm]人员流动 turnover奖励 reward特许经营 franchise热诚 zeal信心 confidence鼓舞 inspire要素 ingredient忠诚 loyalty奉献 devotion作风 style品质 trait适应性 adaptability进取性 aggressiveness热情 enthusiasma毅力 persistence人际交往能力 interpersonalskills行政管理能力 administrativeability智力 intelligence专制式领导 autocratic leader民主式领导 democratic leader自由放任式领导free-reinleader管理方格图the managerialgrid工作效率 work efficiency服从 obedience领导行为 leader behavior支持型领导supportiveleadership参与型领导participativeleadership指导型领导instrumentalleadership成就取向型领导achievement-orientedleadership。

UNIT 6 THE INSPIRING 单词表

UNIT 6 THE INSPIRING 单词表本单词表将为您提供“THE INSPIRING”单元中相关词汇，帮助您快速了解并记忆这些内容。

1. inspire - vt. 激励，启示，鼓舞- The famous speech inspired the whole nation.这场著名的演讲激励了整个国家。

2. motivation - n. 动机，动力- Money is not my only motivation for working.挣钱并不是我工作的唯一动力。

3. innovative - adj. 创新的，革新的这家公司在解决问题的方法上有创新的方式。

4. curiosity - n. 好奇心，求知欲- Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them.孩子们对周围的世界有天生的好奇心5. aspiration - n. 渴望，抱负- Her long-held aspiration is to work for the United Nations.她一直渴望为联合国工作。

6. productivity - n. 生产力，生产率- The new machines have increased our productivity significantly.新机器显著地提高了我们的生产率。

7. dedication - n. 奉献，投入- His dedication to his work earned him a promotion.他对工作的投入赢得了晋升。

8. innovation - n. 创新，革新这家公司以不断地创新和发展而闻名。

9. creativity - n. 创造力，创造性- Many great inventors share the same ability of creativity and imagination.许多伟大的发明家都拥有相同的创造力和想象力。

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众包crowdsourcing
创新innovation
发明invention
研究与发展Research and Development(D&R)
商业价值business value
市场价值market value
社会价值social value
三螺旋模型Triple Helix
创造力creativity
创业entrepreneurship
风险厌恶型risk averse
风险中性risk neutral
风险偏好型risk preference
创意产业creative industry
欧洲创新记分牌European Innovation Scoreboard,EIS
创新全球化GlobInn
创新政策innovation policy
风险投资venture capital
框架计划framework program
国家创新系统national innovation system
经济合作与发展组织Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 区域创新系统regional innovation system
可持续发展sustainable development
可持续创新sustainable innovation
可持续的竞争优势sustainable competitive advantage
绿色创新green innvation
技术创新technological innovation
购买者转化成本buyer switching cost
合资企业joint venture
能力破坏型创新competence destroying innovation
能力提高型创新competence enhancing innovation
互补complementation
顾客偏好customer preference
顾客不确定性customer uncertainty
工艺创新process innovation
产品创新product innovation
根本性创新radical innovation
模仿创新simulating innovation
合作创新cooperative innovation
自主创新self-dependent innovation
创新模式innovation model
技术推动technology push
需求拉动demand pull
双重驱动dual drive
开放式创新open innovation
封闭式创新closed innovation
网络创新network innovation
技术创业家technology entrepreneur
内部动力inner power
外动动力external power
非线性non-linearity
自组织性self-organization
技术标准technical standard
网络效应network effect
开发周期development cycle
主导设计dominant design
早期采用者early adopter
早期进入者early entrant
先动者first mover
报酬递增increasing return
报酬递增优势increasing returns advantage
增量创新incremental innovtion
在位者惰性incumbent inertia
学习曲线learning curve
市场份额market share
网络外部性network externality
跨国公司multinational firm
保护机制protection mechanism
独占性appropriability
版权copyright
专利patent
商业秘密trade secret
商标tradmarks
顺序开发过程sequential development process
标准战和设计主导权standard battle and design dominance 转换成本switching cost
潜在进入者的威胁threat of potential entrant
进入时机timing of entry
创新类型type of innovation
用户创新user innovation
完全开放系统wholly open system
完全私有系统wholly proprietary system
赢家通吃市场winner-take-all market
技术转移technology transfer
架构控制architectural control
技术能力technology ability
技术战略technology strategy
技术学习technology learning
技术引进technology introduction
创新外包innovation outsourcing
技术变革technology revolution
云计算cloud computing
创新网络innovation network
合作创新collaborative innovation
战略联盟strategic alliance
技术联盟technological alliance
产业集群industrial cluster
体验式销售experiential marketing
服务型制造service embedded manufacturing
服务价值service value
客户导向的价值customer oriented value
产品供应链products supply chain
服务供应链service supply chain
知识密集型服务knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS)服务创新链service innovation chain
开放式服务创新open type service innovation
服务创新过程service innovation process
轨道track
服务营销service marketing
互动营销interactive marketing
逆向产品周期模型reverse product cycle model
后向创新back innovation
前向创新forward innovation
外包outsourcing
离岸外包offshoring
境内外包onshoring
近岸外包nearshoring
技术驱动力technology-driven power
需求驱动力demand-driven power
竞争驱动力competitive-driven power
政策驱动力policy-driven power
知识服务产业Knowledge-Based Service Industry
STI模式science-technology-innovation
DUI模式Eearning by doing, using and interacting
渐进性创新incremental innovation
突破性创新redical innovation
信息通信技术Information and Communications Technoloty (ICT)生产性服务（业）Product Services (PS)
消费性服务（业）Consumer Services (CS)
价值链value chain
服务创新service innovation
制造创新manufacture innovation
现代服务业modern service industry
实体entity
过程process
组织organization
创业型组织entrepreneurial startup
机械型组织machine bureaucracy
专业型组织professional bureaucracy
创新型组织innovative organization
作业核心the operating core
帕金森定律Parkinson's Law
二元型组织ambidextrous organization
学习型组织learning organization
结构化的双管齐下structural ambidexterity
情景化的双管齐下contextual ambidexterity
人力资源Human Resource (HR)
人力资源管理Human Resource Management (HRM)
电子商务Electronic Commerce
电子化人力资源管理e-HR
全球化人力资源管理Global Human Resource Management (GHRM)。