2018年4月自考英美文学选读00604试题及答案
全国2018年4月自考外国文学史试题(真题+解析)
全国2018年4月自考外国文学史试题（真题+解析）课程代码:00540请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
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1、提出“寓教于乐”原则的古罗马诗人是A.贺拉斯B.维吉尔C.泰伦斯D.西塞罗2、欧洲中世纪后期英雄史诗中最有代表性的作品是A.《贝奥武甫》B.《熙德之歌》C.《罗兰之歌》D.《尼伯龙根之歌》3、《神曲》中带领但丁游历天堂的是A.维吉尔B.爱斯梅拉达C.贺拉斯D.贝雅特丽齐4、《十日谈》的作者薄伽丘是A.法国人B.德国人C.英国人D.意大利人5、文艺复兴时期法国作家拉伯雷的代表作是A.《项狄传》B.《堂吉诃德》C.《巨人传》D.《天路历程》6、法国古典主义的立法者是A.莫里哀B.布瓦洛C.高乃依D.拉辛7、英国作家笛福的代表作是A.《鲁滨逊漂流记》B.《格列佛游记》C.《感伤的旅行》D.《恰尔德•哈洛尔德游记》8、《巴黎圣母院》中代表天主教会恶势力的人物是A.克罗德B. 丁梅斯代尔C.米里哀D.伽西莫多9、19世纪美国诗人惠特曼的代表作是A.《心声集》B.《草叶集》C.《秋叶集》D.《抒情歌谣集》10、俄国文学史上第一个“多余人”形象趄A.奥涅金B.罗亭C.毕巧林D.奥勃洛摩夫11、法国小说《卡门》的作者是A.福楼拜B.缪塞C.梅里美D.乔治•桑12、被称为“俄罗斯民族戏剧之父”的作家是A.果戈理B.车尔尼雪夫斯基C.契诃夫D.奥斯特洛夫斯基13、长篇小说《简•爱》的作者是A.夏洛蒂•勃朗特B.盖斯凯尔夫人C.艾米莉•勃朗特D.乔治•艾略特14、都德小说《最后的一课》的背景是A.英法战争B.七月革命C.普法战争D.三十年战争15、马克•吐温的作品《竞选州长》的体裁是A.短篇小说B.戏剧C.长篇小说D.叙事诗16、《等待戈多》的作者是A.阿尔比B.品特C.贝克特D.尤奈斯库17、美国作家约瑟夫•海勒是A. “黑色幽默”作家B. “垮掉的一代”作家C.超现实主义作家D. “迷惘的一代”作家18、《静静的顿河》的男主人公是A.葛利高里B.彼得罗C.圣地亚哥D.高里奥19、《永别了，武器》的作者是A.德莱塞B.贝科夫C.海明威D.雷马克20、苏联“全景小说”《生者与死者》的作者是A.西蒙诺夫B.邦达列夫C.法捷耶夫D.恰科夫斯基21、世界上迄今发现最早最完整的史诗是A.《罗摩衍那》B.《摩诃婆罗多》C.《列王纪》D.《吉尔伽美什》22、印度古代第一部诗歌总集是A.《梨俱吠陀》B.《夜柔吠陀》C.《娑摩吠陀》D.《阿闼婆吠陀》23、日本古代物语文学的最高成就是A.《竹取物语》B.《源氏物语》C.《伊势物语》D.《平家物语》24、泰戈尔长篇小说《沉船》的男主人公是A.罗梅西B.戈拉C.戈巴尔D.摩诃摩耶25、1986年获得诺贝尔文学奖的尼日利亚作家是A.奥诺约B.阿契贝C.索因卡D.戈迪默26、普列姆昌德的代表作是A.《博爱新村》B.《戈丹》C.《祖国的痛楚》D.《服务院》二、多项选择题：本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分。
2018年自学《英国文学选读》试题及答案
2018年自学《英国文学选读》试题及答案2018年自学《英国文学选读》试题及答案1. What are Shakespeare ’s achievements?a. Shakespeare represented the trend of history in giving voice to de desires and aspirations of the people.b. Shakespeare’s humanism: more important than his historical sense of his time, Shakespeare in his plays reflects the spirit of his age.c. Shakespeare’s characterization: Shakespeare was most successful in his characterization. In his plays he described a great number of characters.d. Shakespeare’s originality: Shakespeare drew most of his materials from sources that were known to his audience. But his plays are original because he instilled into the old materials a new spirit that gives new life to his plays.e. Shakespeare as a great poet: Shakespeare was not only a great dramatist, but also a great poet. Apart from his sonnets and long poems, his dramas are poetry.f. Shakespeare as master of the English language.2. What are the basic characteristics of ballads?a. The beginning is often abrupt.b. There are strong dramatic elements.c. The story is often told through dialogue and action.d. The theme is often tragic, though there are a number of comicballads.e. The ballad meter is used.3. How do you interpret Humanism?With the spreading of the Greek and Roman culture thereappeared a number of humanist scholars who took great interest in the welfare of human beings. According to them it was against human nature to sacrifice the happiness of this life for an after life. They argued that man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church, in art and literature, instead of singing praise to God, they sang in praise of man and of the pursuit of happiness in this life. Humanism shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman Catholic Church and opened his eyes to “a brave new world”in front of him.4. How do you sum up the characteristics of Neo-Classicism?a. People emphasized reason rather than emotion, form rather than content.b. As reason was stressed, most of the writings of the age were didactic and satirical.c. As elegance, correctness, appropriateness and restraint were preferred, the poet found closed couplet the only possible verse form for serious work.d. It is almost exclusively a “town”poetry, catering to the interestsof the “society”on great cities. The humbler aspects of life are neglected and it shows no love of nature, landscape, or country things and people.e. It is entirely wanting in all those elements that are related with the “romantic”.5. What is the significance of The Canterbury Tales ?a. It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time.b. The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics. In the Canterbury Tales, stories are relatedto the personalities of the tellers.c. Chaucer’s humor: humor is a characteristic feature of the English literature. His gentle satire and mild irony.d. Chaucer’s contribution to the English language. Chaucer greatly increased the prestige of the English language.6. Please summarize the characteristic features of the Romantic Movement .a. Subjectivism: romantic poets describe poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”which expresses the poet’s mind.b. Spontaneity: Wordsworth defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of feelings”. The role of instinct, intuition, and the feelings of “the heart”is stressed.c. Singularity: romantic poets have a strong love for the remote, the unusual, the strange, the supernatural, the mysterious, the splendid, the picturesque, and the illogical.d. Worship of nature: the romantic poets are worshippers of nature, especially the sublime aspect of a natural scene.e. Simplicity: romantic poets take to using everyday language spoken by the rustic people as opposed to the poetic diction used by neo-classic writers. There is a dominating note of melancholy in the poems of the romantic poets.f. It was an age of poetry by which the poets outpoured their feelings and emotions.7. What is William Wordsworth ’s definition of the word “poet ”?He defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.8. What are the main factors that explain the rise of novels asa dominant literary genre during the Victorian age?First, the growth of urban population resulted in the appearance of a new reading public.Second, with the development of the method of printing and paper making, the price of books dropped, and besides regular books, there were serial publications. In addition, many libraries were set up byphilanthropists so that books were now available to readers who could not afford to buy books.Third, writing had become a profession, which made it possible for the writers to make a living by writing.Fourth, with the ascendancy of the industrial capitalists, the majority of whom lived an idle life on interests, there was a large idle class who needed recreation and entertainment. Novels met with their desires.Fifth, the conditions of the time and the dire poverty on the one hand and the enormous wealth on the other hand needed a secular form to explore human relations rather than sermons given in the church.Finally, the feminist movement had much to do with the growth of the novel.9. Please summarize Dickens ’artistic techniques.a. Dickens has a tendency to depict the grotesque (very odd or unusual, fantastically ugly or absurd) characters or events.b. Dickens loves to instill life into inanimate things and to compare animate beings to inanimate things.c. Dickens is noted for his descriptions of pathetic scenes that aim to arouse people’s sympathy.10. Please define Robert Browning ’s dramatic monologue.A poem in which there is one imaginary speaker addressing an。
006041304全国高等教育自学考试 英美文学选读试题
2013年4月高等教育自学考试《英美文学选读》试题课程代码：00604I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. T.S. Eliot' s is the best of his plays in the sense that it contains the best poetry and the mostcoherent drama.A. Murder in the CathedralB. The Cocktail PartyC. The Family ReunionD. The Waste Land2. All of the following novels by Daniel Defoe are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower - class people EXCEPT.A. Robinson CrusoeB. Captain SingletonC. Moll FlandersD. Colonel Jack3. All of the following statements on Jane Austen' s works is true EXCEPT.A. She presents the quiet, day - today country life of the lower - class English.B. Her characteristic theme is that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.C. Faults of characters displayed by the people of her novels are correct when, throughtribulation, lessons are learned.D. Even the most minor characters are vividly particularized.4. It was after the publication of , Lawrence was recognized as a prominent novelist.A. The RainbowB. Sons and LoversC. Lady Chatterley's LoverD. Women in Love5. A good style of prose "proper words in proper places" was defined by .A. Henry FieldingB. Samuel RichardsonC. Oliver GoldsmithD. Jonathan Swift6. "It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good for tune, must be inwant of a wife." The quoted lines are taken fromA. Jane EyreB. Wuthering HeightsC. Pride and PrejudiceD. Sense and Sensibility7. The typical representatives of George Bernard Shaw are Widower' s House and .A. Too True to Be GoodB. Man and SupermanC. CandidaD. Mrs. Warren' s Profession8. Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as ", for his contribution to theestablishment of the form of the modern novel.A. Father of the English NovelB. Best Writer of the English NovelC. the most gifted writer of the English novelD. conventional writer of the English novel9. One of Shelley' s greatest political lyrics is , which was later to become a rallying songof the British Communist Party.A. "Men of England"B. "Ode to Liberty"C. "Ode to Naples"D. "Sonnet: England in 1819"10. George Bernard Shaw' s play established his position as the leading playwright of histime.A. CandidaB. Widowers' HousesC. Mrs. Warren' s ProfessionD. Man and Superman11. Milton' s literary achievements can be composed of the early poetic works, the middle pamphletsand the last great poems.A. dramaticB. proseC. epicD. statiric12. The assertion that poetry originates from "emotion recollected in tranquility" belongs to .A. William WordsworthB. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC. Robert SoutheyD. William Blake13. Thomas Hardy' s works known as "novels of character and environment" are the mostrepresentatives of him as both a and a critical realist writer.A. romanticB. classicalC. optimisticD. naturalistic14, Jonathan Swift' s makes the most devastating protest against the inhuman exploitation and oppression of the Irish people by the English ruling class.A. The Battle of the BooksB. "A Modest Proposal"C. The Drapier' LettersD. Gulliver' s Travels15. In English Romantic period "Lake Poets" refers to Robert Southey, Samuel Taylor Coleridge andA. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. Robert Burns16. Dickens attacks the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld lifein .A. The Pickwick PaperB. Oliver TwistC. David CopperfieldD. Dombey and Son17. John Milton' s is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style inEnglish.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica18. The major Romantic poets like Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats started arebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as .A. the poetic romanceB. the poetic movementC. the poetic revolutionD. the poetic reformation19. The most important play among the comedies of Shakespeare is .A. Twelfth NightB. A Midsummer Night' s DreamC. The Merchant of VeniceD. As You Like It20. William Blake' s paints a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with amelancholy tone.A. Songs of InnocenceB. Songs of ExperienceC. Poetical SketchesD. Lyrical Ballads21. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, and BenJonson.A. John MiltonB. William ShakespeareC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding22. John Milton's is probably his most memorable prose work,which is a great plea forfreedom of the press.A. LycidasB. AreopagiticaC. The ExcursionD. Persuasion23. The first American prose epic is .A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Waste LandC. Moby - DickD. The Great Gatsby24. Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th – century“”novels and thefounder of psychological realism.A. stream - of - consciousnessB. naturalisticG. romantic D. revolutionary25. Hemingway once said that was one book from which "all modem American literaturecomes."A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. The Mysterious StrangerD. The Gilded Age26. It was a sort of first attempt at writing his masterpiece that made Fitzgerald one of thegreatest American novelists.A. The Great GatsbyB. Tales of the Jazz AgeC. All the Sad Young MenD. Tender is the Night27. In Moby -Dick, the skillful use of both as a character and a narrator gives the novel amoral magnitude.A. MelvilleB. TashtegoC. AhabD. Ishmael28. Fitzgerald' s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of , in which he shows aparticular interest in the upper- class society, especially the upper- classyoung people.A. the Lost GenerationB. the Jazz AgeC. the Post - Modern AgeD. the Babybooming Age29. As a key to the whole novel of The Scarlet Letter, the letter A takes on different layers of symbolicmeanings. The is one of the salient characteristics of Haw-thorne' s art.A. simplicityB. straightforwardnessC. self-contradictionD. ambiguity30. Before and during the Civil War, Whitman stood firmly on the side of the North and wrote a seriesof poems incorporating his emotions and feelings during the period, which were gathered as a collection under the title of .A. Drum TapsB. Leaves of GrassC. A Boy' s WillD. North of Boston31. Dickinson' s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no ,hence are always quoted by their first lines.A. themesB. rhyming schemesC. titlesD. preludes32. As saw it, poetry could play a vital part in the process of creating a new nation.. It couldenable Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonial rude.A. Ezra PoundB. Walt WhitmanC. T. S. EliotD. Robert Lee Frost33. As a genre, emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forcesshaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.A. romanticismB. imagismC. naturalismD. transcendentalism34. Robert Frost' s first collection A Boy' s Will is marked by an intense but restrained emotion and thecharacteristic flavor of life.A. New EnglandB. EnglandC. the desertD. the ocean35. Many of Frost's poems are fragrant with nature quality, in his poems are drawn from thesimple country life and the pastoral landscape.A. Images and metaphorsB. Allusions and similesG. Personifications and alliterations D. Metaphors and similes36. To a great extent, Hawthorne' s view of man and human history originates in .A. TranscendentalismB. PuritanismG. Atheism D. Deism37. Faulkner, one of the leading American writers, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1950 for the anti –racist .A. The MansionB. The TownC. The FableD. Intruder in the Dust38. Most of Faulkner' s works are focused on the subjects and consciousness.A. SouthernB. NorthernC. EasternD. Western39. "Man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually." This is an attitude towards life thathad been trying to illustrate in his writings.A. F. Scott FitzgeraldB. Henry JamesC. Ernest HemingwayD. Theodore Dreiser40. Hemingway' s first true novel, , casts light on a whole generation after the First WorldWar.A. For whom the Bell TollsB. The Sun Also RisesC. The OM Man and the SeaD. In Our TimeII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Writ4 your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. "Because I was happy upon the heath,And smil' d among the winter's snow;They cloth' d me in the clothes of death,And taught me to sing the notes of woe."(From Blake's Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Experience)Questions:A. What does "heath" indicate?B. What does "the clothes of death" mean?C. What idea does the poem reveal?42. "Will no one tell me what she sings? -Perhaps the plaintive numbers flowFor old, unhappy, far - off things,And batfies long ago;Or is it some more humble lay,Familiar matter of today?Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,That has been, and may be again?"(From William Wordsworth' s "The Solitary Reaper")Questions:A. What does the phrase "plaintive numbers" mean?B. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?C. What do you think Wordsworth intends to suggest in the poem?43." I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -I took the one less traveled by,And that has made the difference."Questions:A. Who is the writer of the poem? What' s the title of the poem?B. What additional meaning do the two roads have?C. What dilemma is the speaker facing?44. "They rose when she entered——a small, fat woman in black, with a thin gold chain descending toher waist and vanishing into her belt, leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head. Her skeleton was small and spare; perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her. She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue. Her eyes, lost in the fatty ridges of her face, looked like two small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough as they moved from one face to another while the visitors stated their errand."Questions:A. Who is the writer of the story? What is the title of the story?B. What's the meaning of the underlined sentences?C. What can you infer from the passage about the protagonist?III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights the world has everknown. What are his four greatest tragedies? What are the characteristics of the fourtragedies in common?46. What do you think T. S. Eliot' s The Waste Land presents and reflects?47. Please summarize Emily Dickinson' s poetry features.48. What is Walt Whitman' s poetic style?IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in al!, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Discuss Charles Dickens' features in character portraying.50. Discuss Melville' s symbolism in Moby - Dick.。
英美文学选读真题和答案 (1)
全国202X年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读真题课程代码：00604Ⅰ.Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices A],B],C],Dof each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement and write the letter on the answer sheet.1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A.ChristianB.knightlyC.GreekD.primitive2.Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales3.Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaisssance MovementA.The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture.B.The new discoveries in geography and astrology.C.The Glorious revolution.D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion.4.Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation.5.“And we will sit upon the rocks,/Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks,/By shallow rivers towhose falls/Melodious birds sing madrigals.〞The above lines are probably taken from __.A.Spenser's The Faerie QueeneB.John Donne's “The Sun Rising〞C.Shakespeare's “Sonnet 18〞D.Marlowe's “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love〞6.“Bassanio:Antonio,I am married to a wifeWhich is as dear to me as life itself;But life itself, My wife, and all the world.Are not with me esteem'd above thy life;I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all,Here to the devil, to deliver you.Portia:Your wife would give you little thanks for that,If she were by to hear you make the offer.〞The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare's comedy The Merchant of Venice.The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrate ____.A.dramatic ironyB.personificationC.allegoryD.symbolism7.The ture subject of John Donne's poem,“The Sun Rising,〞is to ___.A.attack the sun as an unruly servantB.give compliments to the mistress and her power of beautyC.criticize the sun's intrusion into the lover's private lifeD. lecture the sun on where true royalty and riches lie8.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “___ in prose,〞the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A.tragic epic B ic epicC.romanceD.lyric epic9.The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver's Travels are ___.A.horses that are endowed with reasonB.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdomD.hairy,wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways.10.Here are four lines from a literary work:“Others for language all their care express,/And value books,as women men, for dress.〞The work is ___.A.Thomas Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard〞B.John Milton's Paradise LostC.Alexander Pope's Essay on CriticismD.Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream11.The phrase “to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvation throughconstant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils〞may well sum up the implied meaning of ___.A.Gulliver's TravelsB.The Rape of the LockC.Robinson CrusoeD.The pilgrim's Progress12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13.Which of the following is taken from John Keats’“Ode on a Grecian Urn〞A.“I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!〞B.“They are both gone up to the church to pary.〞C.“Earth has not anything to show more fair.〞D.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty〞.14.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!〞is an epigrammatic line by __.15.“Ode o na Grecian Urn〞shows the contrast between the ___ of art and the ___ of humanpassion.A.glory …uglinessB.permanence…transienceC.transience…sordidnessD.glory…permanence16.In the statement“—oh,God! would you like to live with your soul in the grave〞the term“soul〞apparently refers to ___.A.Heathcliff himselfB.CatherineC.one's spiritual lifeD.one's ghost17.The typical feature of Robet Browning's poetry is the ___.A.bitter satirerger-than-life caricaturetinized dictionD.dramatic monologue18.The Victorian Age was largely an age of ____,eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A.poetryB.dramaC.proseD.epic prose19.___is the first important governess novel in the English literary history.A.Jane EyreB.EmmaC.Wuthering HeightsD.Middlemarch20.The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development ofhis characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.wrence'sB.J.Galsworthy'sC.W.Thackeray’sD.T.Hardy’s21.___is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A.Richard SheridanB.Oliver GoldsmithC.Oscar WildeD.Bernard Shaw22.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of ModernismA.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B.To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past.23.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___ in the Americanliterary histrory.A.individual feelingsB.idea of survival of the fittestC.strong imaginationD.return to nature24.Henry David Thoreau's work,__,has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New EnglandTranscendentalism.A.WaldenB.The pioneersC.NatureD.Song of Myself25.The famous 20-years sleep in “Rip Van Winkle〞helps to construct the story in such a waythat we are greatly affected by Irving's ___.A.concern with the passage of timeB.expression of transient beautyC.satire on laziness and corruptibility of human beingsD.idea about supernatural manipulation of man's life26.Walt whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in hisuse of __,poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A.blank verseB.heroic coupletC.free verseD.iambic pentameter27.The literary characters of the American type in early 19th century are generally characterized byall the following features EXCEPT that they ___.A.speak local dialectsB.are polite and elegant gentlemenC.are simple and crude farmersD.are noble savages( red and white) untainted by society28.Hester Pryme, Dimmsdale,Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names of the charactersin ___.A.The Scarlet LetterB.The House of the Seven GablestC.The Portrait of a LadyD.The pioneers29.“This is my letter to the World〞is a poetic expression of Emily Dickinson's __ about hercommunication with the outside world.A.indifferenceB.angerC.anxietyD.sorrow30.With Howells,James,and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, __ became the major trendin American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.A.sentimentalismB.romanticismC.realismD.naturalism31.After The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain gives a literary independence to Tom's buddy Huckin a book entitled ___.A.Life on the MississippiB.The Gilded AgeC.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD.A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court32.However,___,the keynote of Daisy Miller's character,turns out to be an admiring but adangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.A.experienceB.sophisticationC.worldlinessD.innocence33.Generally speaking,all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___.A.transcendentalistsB.idealistsC.pessimistsD.impressionists34.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life.Which of the following isNOT a usual subject of her poetic expressionA.Religion and immortality.B.Life and death.C.Love and marriage.D.War and peace.35.In “After Apple-Picking,〞Robert Frost wrote:“For I have had too much/Of applepicking:I amovertired/Of the great harvest I myself desired.〞From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is ___.A.happy about the harvestB.still very much interested in apple-pickingC.expecting a greater harvestD.indifferent to what he once desired36.Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____.A.Ezra PoundB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Robert FrostD.Emily Dickinson37.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their __.A.indestructible spirtieB.pessimistic view of lifeC.war experiencesD.masculinity38.IN The Emperor Jones and T he Hairy Ape,O'Neill adopted the expressionist techniques toportray the ___ of human beings in a hostile universe.A.helpless situationB.uncertaintyC.profound religious faithD.courage and perseverance39.In Hemingway's “Indian Cmap〞,Nick's night trip to the Indian village and his experienceinside the hut can be taken as ____.A.an essential lesson about Indian tribesB.a confrontation with evil and sinC.an initiation to the harshness of lifeD.a learning process in human relationship40.which of the following statements about Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story“A Rose for Emily,〞is NOT trueA.She has a distorted personality.B.She is physically deformed and paralyzed.C.She is the symbol of the old values of the South.D.She is the victim of the past glory.PART TWOⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41.“Her eyes met his and he looked away.He neither believed nor diXelieved her,but he knew thathe had made a mistake in asking;he never had known,never would know,what she was thinking.The sight of her inscrutable face,the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that,soft and passive,but so unreadable, unknown, enraged him beyond measure.〞Questions:A.Identify the writer and the work.B.What does the phrase “inscrutable face〞meanC.What idea does the quoted passage express42.“And when I am formulated,sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall.Then how should beginTo spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways.〞Questions:A.Identify the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “butt-ends〞meanC.What idea does the quoted passage express43.“God knows,…I'm not myself—I'm somebody else—…and I'm changed,and I can't tell what'smy name,or who I am.〞Questions:A.Identify the work and the author.B.The speaker says he is changed.Do you think he is changed, or the social environment haschangedC.What idea does the quoted sentence express44.“I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference.〞Questions:A.Idenfity the poem and the poet.B.What does the phrase “ages and ages hence〞meanC.What idea does the quoted passage expressⅢ.Questions and Answers(24 points in all, 6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English.Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45.As a rule,an allegory is story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning,and animplied meaning.List two works as examples of allegory.What is an allegory usually concerned with by its implied meaning46.Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought.Who arethe twoAnd what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers47.The white whale,Moby Dick,is the most important symbol in Melville's novel.What symbolicmeaning can you draw from it48.Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on his idea of theQversoul.What is your understanding of Emersonian “Oversoul〞Ⅳ.Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49.How is Romanticism different from NeoclassicismProvide brief evidence from the literaryworks you know best.50.Summerize the story of Mark twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in about 100words,and comment on the theme of the novel.全国202X年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读真题答案课程代码：00604Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(40 points in all,1 for each)1.B2.D3.C4.C5.D6.A7.B8.B9.A 10.C11.D 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.B16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.A21.D 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.A26.C 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C31.C 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.D36.A 37.A 38.A 39.C 40.BⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)41.A.John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B.A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how thatperson is feeling or what he is thinking about.C.it presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness.He can never knowwhat is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. Hiswife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her huXand'spossessiveness. Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he reallycan't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyondmeasure.42.A.T.S.Eliot:“The Love Song of J.Alfred Pruforck.〞B.The ends of cigarettes,meaning trivial things here.C.Here,Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikinglyclear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinnedon the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's currentpredicament.43.A.Washington Irving:“Rip Van Winkle〞.B.The social environment is changed.C.When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years,he finds thta everything has changed.Allthose old values are gone,and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society.One of thefunctions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It isthrough him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change,improvement,andprogress could subvert stable society.44.A.Robert Frost:“The Road Not Taken〞.B.Many many years later.C.The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads.But he isconscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life.Heseems to be giving a suggestion to the reader.“Make good choice of your life.〞Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)45.A.Buyan's pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene.B.It is usually concerned with moral ,religious,political,symbolic or mythical ideas.46.A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan vonGoethe.B.It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of thehuman spirit;his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.〞Goethe and hiscompatriots extolled the romantic spirit.47.A.To Ahab,the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controlsthe universe,or perhaps both.B.To Ishmale,the whale is an astonishing force,an immense power,which defies rationalexplanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful,but malignant at the same time.It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe,for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.C.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that lifeimposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man. In general,the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.48.A.The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent andomnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. It exists in nature andman alike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B.According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and areligion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and theuniversal Over-soul of which it is a part.C.He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mindcould intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emoticon andaccuracy,and that literature,should be judged in terms of its service to humanity,and thus,literary expressions should be of proportion,unity,harmony and grace.Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace,wit (usually though satire/humour),and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals,too);Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel;Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elegance in style,unified structure,serious tone and moral instructions.b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience,includingart,and thus,literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,〞and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,〞or “The Solitary Reaper,) or Coleridge's “Keble Khan〞),the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.c.In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached greatimportance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…)50.A.Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a Sequa to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The Story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant,uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and ,more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind ,his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures:coming across two frauds, the “Duke〞and the “King〞,witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue.B. The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom〞: Huck wants to escape fromthe bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.全国202X年4月自学考试英美文学选读真题答案课程代码：00604Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(40 points in all,1 for each)1.B2.D3.C4.C5.D6.A7.B8.B9.A 10.C11.D 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.B16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.A21.D 22.B 23.B 24.A 25.A26.C 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.C31.C 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.D36.A 37.A 38.A 39.C 40.BⅡ.Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)41.A.John Galasworthy:The Man of Property.B.A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to know how that person is feeling or what he is thinking about.C.it presents the inner mind of Soames in face of his wife's coldness.He can never know what is on his wife's mind because the makeup of his and her mentality is different. His wife Irene, whose mind is romantically inclined, is disgusted with her huXand's possessiveness. Being unable to read his wife's mind is as good as saying that he really can't regard her as his property- this is the very reason why he is enraged beyond measure.42.A.T.S.Eliot:“The Love Song of J.Alfred Pruforck.〞B.The ends of cigarettes,meaning trivial things here.C.Here,Prufrock's inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison .Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free.This image vividly shows Prufrock's current predicament.43.A.Washington Irving:“Rip Van Winkle〞.B.The social environment is changed.C.When Rip is back home after a period of 20 years,he finds thta everything has changed.Allthose old values are gone,and he can hardly feel at home in a changed society.One of the functions that Rip serves in the story is to provide a measuring stick for change. It is through him that Irving drives home the theme that a desire for change,improvement,and progress could subvert stable society.44.A.Robert Frost:“The Road Not Taken〞.B.Many many years later.C.The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads.But he is conscious of the fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life.He seems to be giving a suggestion to the reader.“Make good choice of your life.〞Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)45.A.Buyan's pilgrim's Progress and Spenser's The Faerie Queene.B.It is usually concerned with moral ,religious,political,symbolic or mythical ideas.46.A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.B.It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit;his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.〞Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.47.A.To Ahab,the whale is either an evil creature itself or the agent of an evil force that controls the universe,or perhaps both.B.To Ishmale,the whale is an astonishing force,an immense power,which defies rational explanation due to a sense of mystery it carries. It is beautiful,but malignant at the same time. It also represents the tremendous organic vitality of the universe,for it has a life force that surges onward irresistibly, impervious to the desires or wills of men.C.As to the reader, the whale can be viewed as a symbol of the physical limits that life imposes upon man. It may also be regarded as a symbol of nature, or an instrument of God's vengeance upon evil man. In general,the multiplicity and ambivalence of the symbolic meaning of the whale is such that it becomes a source of intense speculation, an object or profound curiosity for the reader.48.A.The Oversoul is believed to be an all-pervading power for goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent from which all things come and of which all are a part. It exists in nature and manalike and constitutes the chief element of the universe.B.According to Emerson,it is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings, and a religion regarded as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal Over-soul of which it is a part.C.He holds that intuition is a more certain way of knowing than reason and that the mind could intuitively perceive the existence of the Oversoul and of certain absolutes.Ⅳ.Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emoticon and accuracy,and that literature,should be judged in terms of its service to humanity,and thus,literary expressions should be of proportion,unity,harmony and grace.Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace,wit (usually though satire/humour),and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals,too);Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel;Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elegance in style,unified structure,serious tone and moral instructions.b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience,including art,and thus,literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,〞and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,〞or “The Solitary Reaper,) or Coleridge's “Keble Khan〞),the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.c.In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…) 50.A.Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a Sequa to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The Story takes place along the Mississippi River before the Civil War in the United States, around 1850.Along the river, floats a small raft, with two people on it; One is an ignorant,uneducated black slave named Jim and the other is little uneducated outcast white boy about the age of thirteen, called Huckleberry Finn or Huck Finn.The novel relates the story of the escape of Jim from slavery and ,more important, how Huck Finn, floating along with Jim and helping him as best he could, changes his mind ,his prejudice, about Black people, and comes to accept Jim as a man and as a close friends as well.During their journey, they experience a series of adventures:coming across two frauds, the “Duke〞and the “King〞,witnessing the lynching and murder of a harmless drunkard, being lost in a fog and finally Tom's coming to rescue.B. The theme of the novel may be best summed in a word “freedom〞: Huck wants to escape from the bond of civilization and Jim wants to escape from the yoke of slavery. Mark Twain uses the raft's journey down the Mississippi River to express his thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.。
00604自考英美文学选读-串讲课件讲义
4*4’英国2218’B1分）C2A1分）2>1—2分）3>2—3分）4>1—2分）5>3—4分）1>时间+来源（0.5分—1分）3>2—3分）4> 1分）5>0.5—1分）6>0.5—1分）3>1—2分）4>2—3分）5>1—2分）6>0.5—1分）介绍论述题中关于作1>0.5—1分）2>1—2分）1>0.5—1分）2>1—2分）literary trend1798-1832Lyrical Ballads in 1798Walter Scott's death in 1832.is a literary trend.It prevailed in(place)during the period of xxxx-xxxx,beginning with xxxx in (time),ending with in(time).was greatly influenced by the.Generally speaking, the expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes......The great writers in this period are............时期th to mid-17th )时期 1.<<>>2.3.1.2. 1.2.3.pun 3.英国文学 1.2.3.1.英国小说之父the father of English Novels2.讽刺satire1.2.3. 1.2.details细腻英国文学Period Period1836-1901 1.2.3.T ·S4.1.2.critical realist 3.4.3.4.5. 1.2.1.2.1.2.3.4.5.6.现实Period 美国文学1.2.3.4.5.老人与海6.现代Period1.2.3.4.浪漫Period1.Old English Literature-(450——1066封建建立)a. Religious-——b. Secular--heroic age---<Beowulf>盎格鲁撒克逊人的史诗---a protector of people, fight against the nature.————•••例题例题【正确答案：B】Background:a by a①The of&②The new in&the&本质与主张③The in&to get rid of to new ideas that the the&to the of the early from theEngland①---②都铎)Traits of humanistic poetry: dramatistsWriters：1.早期---andPetrarchan)2.中期the Ageblank verse)3.后期抽象founder of modern science)Life381542I．5 history plays and 4 comedies. （apprenticeship 学徒时期）•5•III>;and.•4部.•,II. 5 history plays ,6 comedies and 2 tragedies (style became highly individualized)•5II>,I,II,V>•6（）••to•and•and loyal•其他•II. 5 history plays ,6 comedies and 2 tragedies (style became highly individualized) 2III. The Third stage---peak of his creation, included his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies: ---Greatest four tragedies:<Hamlet><King Lear><Othello><Macbeth>III. The Third stage---peak of his creation, included his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies:---Theme: The impossibility of certainty; the complexity of action;the mystery of death;the nation as a diseased body.blood-and-thunderand butIV. Principal Romantic tragicomedies: <The Tempest>①.②forth byto the one he人物塑造独白情节结构语言风格Paradise Lost<Lycidas挽歌<Areopagitica><Paradise LostThe is the“Fall of Man”.流放<Paradise Regained诱惑<Samson Agonistes>①②③④⑤例题例题【正确答案：B】background：Time:Background:Traits:Thoughts:节俭迷信EnlightmentLiterature ideas:教导.<A Modest ProposalLiterature ideas:Schools of literature:Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith.2.Gothic novels ⋯⋯⋯Schools of literature:Daniel DefoeThe True born Englishman wonThe Review<Robinson Crusoe>②③坚韧④the lower-class people.选读<Robinson Crusoe> Theme:①②③创作风格：①②③方言。
自考答案英美文学选读试题
绝密★考试终止前全国2021年4月高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
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I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his ______ plays, 154 sonnets and 2 longA. 27B. 38D. 522. john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the lastA. romancesB. dramasC. great poemsD. ballads3. The novels of ______ are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower—classA. John MiltonB. Daniel DefoeC. Henry FieldingD. Jonathan Swift4. The work ra nked by many critics as William Wordswoth’s greatest work wasA. Lyrical BalladsB. The PreludeC. Poems in Two VolumesD. The Excursion5. The author of The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling isA. Daniel DefoeB. Johathan SwiftC. Henry FieldingD. William Blake6. The works of ______ are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle —class women, particularly governess.*BA. Charlotte BronteB. . LawrenceC. Thomas HardyD. Jane Austen7. All of the following writings are created by William Wordsworth EXCEPTA. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud. ”B. “Composed upon Westminster Bridge, Septemer 3, 1802. ”C. “The Solitary Reaper. ”D. “The Chimney Sweeper. ”8. The most important representative work by Jonathan Swift isA. A Tale of a TubB. The Battle of the BooksC. A Modest ProposalD. Gulliver's Travels9 “If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”comes from Shelly’sA. “To a Skylark”B. “Adonais”C. “Ode to Liberty”D. “Ode to the West Wind”10. In Jane Austen' s first novel ______, she tells a story about two sisters and their loveA. Pride and PrejudiceB. Sense and SensibilityC. EmmaD. Persuasion11. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest ______ writers of the VictorianA. romanticB. modernistC. socialistD. critical realist12. Charlotte Bronte' s most autobiographical work, ______ is largely based on her experience inA. Jane EyreB. ShirleyC. VilletteD. The Professor13. William Wordsworth' s theory of poetry is calling for simple themes drawn from humble life expressed in the language of ordinary people. The preface to the second edition of ______ acts as a manifesto for the new school and sets forth his own criticalA. Lyrical BalladsB. The PreludeC. Poems in Two VolumsD. The Excursion14. George Bernard Shaw' s play ______ established his position as the leading playwright of his time.*CA. Widowers’HousesB. Too True to Be GoodC. Mrs. Warren' s ProfessionD. Candida15. Eliot' s most important single poem ______, has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century EnglishA. The Hollow MenB. The Waste LandC. Prurrock and Other ObservationsD. Poems 1909-2516. D. ’s autobiographical novel, ______ shows the conflict between the earthy, coarse, energetic but often drunken father and the refined, strong — willed and up — climbingA. Sons and LoversB. The White PeacockC. The TrespasserD. The Rainbow17. “To be, or not to be — that is the question; /Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer./The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/ Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,/And by opposing end them?” These words are fromA. King LearB. RomeoC. AntonioD. Hamlet18. John Milton’s last important work, ______ is the most powerful dramatic poem on the GreekA. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Lydidas19. The author of Moll Flanders and Captain Singleton isA. John MiltonB. Daniel DefoeC. Henry FieldingD. Jonathan Swift20. Drapier is the pseudonym ofA. Jonathan SwiftB. Daniel DefoeC. Henry FieldingD. William Blake21. One of Dickens' later works, ______ in which he presents a criticism of the governmental branches which run an indefinite procedure of management of affairs and keep the innocent in prison forA. Bleak HouseB. Little DorritC. Hard TimesD. A Tale of Two Cities22. In the second part of Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver told his experience inA. BrobdingnagB. LilliputC. Flying IslandD. Houyhnhnm23. Faulkner used the narrative techniques to construct his stories, which include ______ and mythological and biblicalA. symbolismB. free indirect speechC. contrastD. dialogue24. Ernest Hemingway, had been trying to demonstrate in his works an unvarying code, known as “______,” which is actually an attitude towardsA. facing the realityB. grace under pressureC. honesty with benevolenceD. security coming first25. The Blithedale Romance is a novel written by Hawthorne to reveal his own experience on the Brook Farm and his own methods as a ______A. naturalistB. imagistC. psychologicalD. feminist26. Theodore Dreiser' s focus shifted from the pathos of the helpless protagonists at the bottom of the society to the power of the American financial tycoons in the late 19th century in his workA. The GeniusB. An American TragedyC. Dreiser Looks a t RussiaD. “Trilogy of Desire”27. Emily Dickinson frequently uses personae to render the tone more familiar to the reader, and ______ to vivify some abstractA. imagesB. metaphorC. symbolsD. personification28. In his later works, Melville becomes more reconciled with the ______, in which he admits, one must live byA. womenB. world of manC. familyD. politicians29. Walt Whitman' s ______ has always been considered a monumental work which commands great attention inA. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Leaves of GrassC. A Passage to IndiaD. Rip Van Winkle30. Mark Twain’s full literary career began to blossom in 1869 with a travel book ______, an account of American tourists inA. Innocents AbroadB. The Portrait of A LadyC. The Grapes of WrathD. The Great Gatsby31. With the development of the modern novel and the common acceptance of the ______ approach, Henry James' s importance, as well as his wide influence as a novelist and critic, has been all the moreA. deconstructionB. romanticC. FreudianD. analytic32. Emily Dickinson addresses the issues that concern the whole human beings in her poems, which include religion, death, ______, love, andA. immortalityB. wealthC. powerD. politics33. In Sister Carrie Theodore Dreiser expressed his ______ pursuit by expounding the purposelessness of life and attacking the conventional moralA. romanticB. realisticC. naturalisticD. modernistic34. Profound ideas in Robert Frost's poems are delivered under the disguise ofA. the plain language and the simple formB. the vivid descriptionsC. metaphorsD. the complicated narration35. In ______ Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bullfight as a kind of microcosmicA. The Green Hills of AfricaB. Death in the AfternoonC. The Snows of KilimanjaroD. To Have and Have Not36 Of Faulkner’s literary works, four novels are masterpieces by any standards: The Sound and the Fury, Light in August, Absalom, Absalom ! andA. Go Down, MosesB. The FableC. The Snows of KilimanjaroD. To Have and Have Not37. As Whitman saw it, ______ could play a vital part in the process of creating a newA. musicB. fictionC. poetryD. painting38. In many of Hawthorne' s stories and novels, the Puritan concept of life is condemned, especially in his The house of the Seven Gables andA. Go Down, MosesB. The Scarlet LetterC. As I Lay DyingD. Song of Myself39. Henry James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the ______ and the founder of psychologicalA. “stream-of-consciousness” novelsB. metaphysical poemsC. short storiesD. literary criticism40. Generally considered to be Henry James’s masterpiece, ______ incarnates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a Europe an culturalA. The AmbassadorsB. Daisy MillerC. The AmericanD. The Portrait of A Lady非选择题部份注意事项：用黑色笔迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
自考英美文学选读(00604)
应用必背单元Chapter 1 The Ren aissa nee Period (2)Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period (6)Chapter3 The Romantic Period. (9)Chapter 4 The Victorian Period (14)Chapter 5 The Modern Period (18)Chapter 1 The Renaissance Period1. 文艺复兴的主要作家及其作品1) Edmund Spenser: The Faerie Queene2) Christopher Marlowe: Dr Faustus Tamburlaine3) William Shakespeare: Henry IV; The Merchant of Venice; Hamlet; Othello;King Lear; Macbeth; Romeo and Juliet.4) John Donne: The Songs and Sonnets; The Sun Rising; Death, Be Not Proud5) John Milton: Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonisttes2. 文艺复兴The Renaissanceis a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.3. 人文主义Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissanceon its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.4. 玄学诗The term “metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet's beloved, with God, or with himself.5. 莎士比亚的诗歌的主题、意向Shakespeare, as a humanist of the time, is against religious persecution and racial discrimination, against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold andmoney. In his plays, he does not hesitate to describe the cruelty and anti-natural character of the civil wars, but he did not go all the way against the feudal rule. Shakespeare is against religious persecution and racial discrimination, against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold and money.Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.A. Shakespeare's views on literature:Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. Shakespearealso states that literary works which have truly reflected nature and reality can reach immortality.B. The characteristics of Shakespear'se characters:Shakespear'es major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types. Each character has his or her own personalities; meanwhile, they may share features with others.C. The characteristics of Shakespear'se plot:Shakespear'es plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plots; instead, he borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources.D. The characteristics of Shakespear'se language:It is necessary to study the subtlest of his instruments—the language. Shakespearecan write skillfully in different poetic form, like the sonnet, the blank verse, and the rhymed couplet. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader.3. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：Shakespear'es greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole action. Each hero has his weakness of nature. With the concentration on the tragic hero, we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and the evil force in the society, which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense. Hamlet the melancholic scholar; Othello 's inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old King Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth 's lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.4. 邓恩诗歌的主题、意向<The Songs and Sonnets>. Love is the basic theme. Donne holds that thenature of love is the union of soul and body. The perfection of human lovers will not be made with souls alone. This thought is quite contrary to the medieval love idea which merely put stress on spiritual love. Donne's interest lies in dramatizing and illustrating the state of being in love.5. 戏剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析In his romantic comedies, Shakespearetakes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play. The most important play among the comedies is The Merchant of Venice. The sophistication derives in part from the play between high, outgoing romance and dark forces of negativity and hate. The traditional theme of this play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.Compared with the idealism of other plays, The Merchant of Venice takes a step forward in its realistic presentation of human nature and human conflict. Though there is a ridiculous touch on the part of the characters restrained by their limitations, Shakespeare's youthful Renaissance spirit of jollity can be fully seen in contrast to the medieval emphasis on future life in the next world.6. 哈姆雷特的性格分析Hamlet has none of the single-minded blood lust of the earlier revenger. It is not because he is incapable of action, but because the cast of his mind is so speculative, so questioning, and so contemplative that action, when it finally comes, seems almost like defeat, diminishing rather than adding to the stature of the here. Trapped in a night mare world of spying, testing and plotting, and apparently bearing the intolerable burden of the duty to revenge his father's death, Hamlet is obliged to inhabit a shadow world, to live suspendedbetween fact and fiction, language and action. His life is one of constant role-playing, examining the nature of action only to deny its possibility, for he is too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger.The hero Hamlet in Shakespeare's play Hamlet is noted for his hesitation to take his revenge, his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anything. He came to know that his father was murdered by his uncle who became king. He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him. But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle, and he was afraid to hurt his mother. And also, when everything was ready for him to kill his uncle, he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime. Thus he lost the good chance. Hamlet represented humanism of his time.7. 诗歌《失乐园》的结构、人物性格、语言特点的分析Working through the tradition of a Christian humanism, Milton wrote Paradise Lost, intending to expose the ways of Satan and to“justify the ways of God to men.”At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Milton 's fundamental concern with freedom and choice; the freedom to submit to God's prohibition on eating the apple and the choice of disobedience made for love.Eve, seduced by Satan's rhetoric and her own confused ambition-as well as the mere prompting of hunger- falls into sin through innocent credulity. Adam falls by consciously choosing human love rather than obeying God. In the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanity. But man's fall is the sequel to another and more stupendous tragedy, the fall of the angels.The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton 's creed. His poem attempts to convince us that the unquestionable truth of Biblical revelation means that an all-knowing God was just in allowing Adam and Eve to be tempted and, of their free will, to choose sin and its inevitable punishment. And, thereby, it opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of evil.Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period1. 新古典时期的作家及其作品1) John Bunyan ：<The Pilgrim's Progress>2) Alexander Pope：<An Essay on Criticism> <The Dunciad> <The Rape of theLock> <An Essay on Man>3) Daniel Defoe：<Robinson Crusoe>4) Jonathan Swift ：<A Tale of a Tub> <The Battle of the Books> <The Drapier'sLetters> <Gulliver's Travels> <A Modest Proposal>5) Henry Fielding：<The History of Jonathan Wild the Great> <The History ofTom Jones a Foundling> <The History of Amelia>6) Samuel Johnson：<To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chester field>7) Richard Brinsley Sheridan：<The School for Scandal>8) Thomas Gray ：<Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard>2. 启蒙运动The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. They seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings. Thus a polite, elegant, witty, and intellectual art developed.3. 新古典主义In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to neoclassical period, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers(Homer etc) and those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.4. 英雄双行诗Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible; Poetry should be lyrical 抒情的)，epical(叙事诗的,英雄的,有重大历史意义的)，didactic, satiric or dramatic, andeach class should be guided by its own principles; Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets(iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time,space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be represented.5. 英国现实主义小说The modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. Thus —the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century —is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution and a symbol of the growing importance and strength of the English middle class.6. 《天国历程》中“名利场”的寓意The Pilgrim's Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English Ianguage. Its purpose is to urge people to abide（遵守，坚持）by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. It is not only about something spiritual but also bears much relevance to the time. Its predominant metaphor（r寓意，隐喻）—life as a journey—is simple and familiar.7. 蒲伯的文学（诗歌）批评观点及其诗歌特色An Essay on Criticism, the poem, as a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism, exert great influence upon Pope's contemporary writers in advocating the classical rules and popularizing the neoclassicist tradition in England. The whole poem is written in a plain style, hardly containing any imagery or eloquence and therefore makes easy reading. Pope satirized all sorts of false learning and pedantry in literature, philosophy, science and other branches of knowledge.8. 鲁滨逊漂流记的特点The all-powerful influence of material circumstances or social environment upon the thoughts and actions of the hero or the heroine is highlighted. The struggle of the poor unfortunate for mere existence, mixed with their desire for great wealth, comes into conflict with the social environment which prevents them from obtaining the goal under normal circumstances and thus forces them into criminal actions or bold adventures.In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor.Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile naturalenvironment. He is the very prototype（n雏形，范例，原型）of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. In describing Robinson's life on the island, Defoe glorifies（v 赞美，美化）human labor and the Puritan（W青教徒）fortitude（n 刚/坚毅，不屈不挠）,which save Robinson from despair and are a source of pride and happiness9. 《格列佛游记》的社会讽刺As a whole, the book is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life-socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound.The exaggerated smallness in Part1 works just as effectively as the exaggerated largeness in Part 2. the similarities between human beings and the Lilliputians and the contrast between the Brobdingnagians and human beings both bear reference to the possibilities of human state. Part 3, though seemingly a bit random, furthers the criticism of the western civilization and deals with different malpractices and false illusions about science philosophy, history and even immortality. The last part, where comparison is made through both similarities and differences, leads the reader to fundamental question: What on earth is a human bein、g10. 菲尔丁“散文体史诗Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose". He adopted" the third—person narration," in which the author becomes the "al—l knowing God." He "thinks the thought " of all his characters, so he is able to present not only their external behaviours but also the internal workings of their minds. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.11. 格雷诗歌的主题与意象It is more or less或多或少）conn ected with the mela ncholy eve nt of death of Richard West, Gray's intimate friend. In this poem, Gray reflects on death, the sorrows of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. The poet compares the common folk with the great ones, wondering what the commons could have achieved if they had had the chance. Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown, but mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc（n/v 破坏，混舌L ） on them.His poems, as a whole, are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life, past and present. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form. His style is sophisticated and allusive. His poems are often marked with the trait （n 特征，特点）of a highly artificial diction and a distorted word order.Chapter3 The Romantic Period1. 浪漫主义时期的作家及其作品1) William Blake: Songs of Experience Songs of Innocence2) Marriage of Heaven and Hell3) William Wordsworth: The Prelude Composed upon Westminster Bridge4) Lyrical Ballads I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud5) The Solitary Reaper6) Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Kubla Khan The Rime of the Ancient Mariner7) George Gordon Byron: Don Juan Childe Harold ' s Pilgrimage8) Song for the Ludites9) Percy Bysshe Shelley: To a Skylark Men of England10) Ode to the West Wind11) John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale Ode on a Grecian Urn12) Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice2. 浪漫主义Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. In essenceit designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. It also places the individual at center of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes, and valuing its accuracy in portraying the individual 's experiences.3. 浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析A. In poetry writing, the romanticists employed new theories and innovated newtechniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school.B. The romanticists not only extol the faculty off imagination, but also elevate theconcepts of spontaneity and inspiration.C. They regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominantsubject.D. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic.4. 浪漫主义(所选作品)的主题、意象分析A. To Wordsworth, nature acts as a substitute for imaginative and intellectual engagement with the development of embodied human beings in their diverse circumstances. It's nature that gives him“strength and knowledge full of peace.Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor.B. Byron puts into Don Juan his rich knowledge of the world and the wisdom gained from experience. It presents brilliant pictures of life in its various stages of love, joy, suffering, hatred and fear. The unifying principle in Don Juan is the basic ironic theme of appearanceand reality, ie. what things seem to be and what they actually are. Byron's satire on the English society in the later part of the poem can be compared with Pope's; and his satire is much less personal than that of Pope's, for Byron is here attacking not a personal enemy but the whole hypocritical society. And the diverse materials and the clash of emotions gathered in the poem are harmonized by Byron's insight into the difference between life's appearance and its actuality.5. a. The Romantic MovementIt expressed a more or less negative attitude towards the existing social & political conditions that came with industrialization & the growing importance of the bourgeoisie. The Romantics felt that the existing society denied people theiressential human needs, so they demonstrated a strong reaction against thedominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers & philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state & emphasized the special qualities of each individual's mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer.b. The Gothic novelIt is a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century & was one phase of the Romantic movement, its principal elements are violence, horror & the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader's emotion. With its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human nature, the Gothic form has exerted a great influence over the writer of the Romantic period. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) by Ann Radcliffe & Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.(2) Characteristics of Romantic literature in English history.The Romantic period is an age of poetry Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley & Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth & Coleridge were the major representativesof this movement. They explored new theories & innovated new techniques in poetry writing. They saw poetry as a healing energy: they believed that poetry could purify both individual souls & the society. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also stress the concept of spontaneity & inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.Wordsworth is the closest to nature.To escape from a world that had became excessively rational, as well as excessively materialistic & ugly, the Romantics would turn to other times & places, where thequalities they valued could be convincingly depicted. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets & dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules who tended to glorify Rome & rational Italian & French neoclassical art as superior to the native traditions. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules. They would turn to the humble people & their everyday life for subjects, Romantic writers are always seeking for the Absolute, the Ideal through the transcendenceof the actual. They have also made bold experiments in poetic language, versification & design, & constructed a variety of forms on original principles of structure & style.6. 小说《傲慢与偏见》的主题和主要人物的性格分析Austen's main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal significance. She is particularly preoccupied with the relationship between men & women in love. Stories of love & marriage provide the major themes in all her novels.1) Structure, characterization & language styleThe structure of the novel is exquisitely deft, the characterization in the highest degree memorable, while the irony has a radiant shrewdness unmatched elsewhere. At the heart of the novelist's exploration of the marriage, property & intrigue lies the exhilarating suspense of the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy, & Jane Austen's delicate probing of the values of the gentry. The moments of high comedy in the novel are always related to deeper issues. Elizabeth's rejection of the odious Mr. Collins suggests her independence & self-esteem, but when Collins is accepted by her friend Charlotte Lucas, we see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to a void the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood. Conversely, in the elopement of Lydia & Wickham, we are shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money. The comic characters in Pride & Prejudice are: Mr. & Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins & that monstrous snob Lady Catherine de Burgh, who make us laugh even as they parody erroneous views of marriage & class.5. 应用Characteristics of Jane Austen's novels1) Austen's novels describe a narrow range of society & events: a quiet, prosperous, middle class circle in provincial surroundings, which she knew well from her own experience2) Her subject matter is also limited, for most of her novels deal with the subject of getting married, which was in fact the central problem for the young leisure-class lady of that age, who had no other choice in her life but to find a good husband.3) Austen's interest was in human nature; in her depiction of human nature, instead of being fascinated by great waves of elevated emotion, by passion or heroic experience, she focused on the trivial & petty details of everyday living, which became very interesting through her truthful & lively description.4) Austen's novels are brightened by their witty conversation & omnipresent humor. Her language shines with an exquisite touch of lively gracefulness, elegant & refined, but never showy.6. 简奥斯丁对英国文学的伟大贡献：A ．Jane Austen is one of the most important Romantic novelists in Englishliterature. She creates six influential novels.B．Her main literary concern is about human beings in their personalrelationships. She makes trivial daily life as important as the concerns abouthuman belief career and salient social events. This is what makes her important in English literature.C．Jane Austen has brought the English novel, as an art of for, to its maturity becauseof her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior and heraccurate portrayal of human individuals.D．She describes the world from a woman's point of view, and depicts a group of authentic and common women.7. Wordsworth 的写作风格1) The Lyrical Ballads differs in marked ways from his early poetry, notablythe uncompromising simplicity of much of the language, the strongsympathy not merely with the poor in general but with particular,dramatized examples of them, and the fusion of natural description withexpressions of inward states of mind.2) According to subjects, Wordsworth's short poems can be classified intotwo groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.3) To Wordsworth, nature acts as a substitute for imaginative and intellectualengagement with the development of embodied human beings in theirdiverse circumstances. I'ts nature that gives him“strength and knowledgefull of peace.4) Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest.The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathyalways goes to the suffering poor.5) Wordsworth's deliberate simplicity ad refusal to decorate the truth ofexperience produced a kind of pure and profound poetry which no otherpoet has ever equaled.8. Romantic poets 与Romantic Age 的不同处：The poetic ideals announced by Words worth and Coleridge provided a major inspiration for the brilliant young writers who made p the second generation of English Romantic poets. Wordsworth and Coleridge both became more conservative politically after the democratic idealism. The second generation of Romantic poets are revolutionary in thinking. They set themselves against the bourgeois society and the ruling class.9. Songs of innocence 与Songs of ExperieneeA. Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy andinnocent world, though not without its evils.B. Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, disease, warand repression with melancholy tone.C. The two books hold the similar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis andconclusion differ.Chapter 4 The Victorian Period1. 维多利亚时期的主要作家与作品1) Charles Dicke ns: Oliver Twist; The Pickwick Paper; David Copper field.;Dombey and Son; A Tale of Two Cities; Bleak House; Hard Times; GreatExpectation; Our Mutual Friend.2) Emily Bronte: Wutheri ng Heights.Charlotte Bron te: Jane Eyre3) Alfred Tennyson: Ulysses; In Memoriam; Break, Break, Break;Dora; Crossing the Bar; Morte d' Arthur; The Gardener's Daughter; ThePrin cess4) Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book; My Last Duchess5) George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss: Middlemarch: Daniel Deron da; Romola6) Thomas Hardy: Under the Greenwood Tree; Far From the MaddingCrowd: The Return of the Native; The Mayor of Casterbridge: Tess of theD 'Urbervilles1. 宪章运动The worse ning liv ing and work ing con diti ons, the mass un employme nt fin ally gave rise to the Chartist Moveme nt. The En glish workers got themselves orga ni zed in big cities and brought forth the People's charter, in which they demanded basic rights and better living and working conditions. They, for three times, made appeals to the gover nment, with hun dreds of thousa nds of people's sig natures. The moveme nt swept over most of the cities in the country. Although the movement declined to an end in 1848, it did bring some improvement to the welfare of the working class. This was the first mass movement of the English working class & the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people.2. 功利主义Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happ in ess. This theory held a special appeal to the middle-class in dustrialists, whose greed drove them to exploit ing workers to the utmost and brought greater sufferi ng and poverty to the work ing mass.3. 批判现实主义The Victorian Age is an age of realism rather than of romanticism-a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseases as they are. To be true to life becomes the first requirement for literary writing. As the mirror of truth, literature has come very close to daily life, reflecting its practical problems and interests and is used as。
自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲(1-10)
英美文学考前串讲（1）前言：大家好！为了帮助广大的考生在有效的时间内达到较好的复习效果，我们总结了近几年来京城一些名师的串讲资料，以及上课老师所讲的重点内容．对于没有上过课的学生，相信它会给您一个指导性的作用，帮助您达到事半功倍的效果！而对于上过课的考生来说，再看以下的串讲内容效果当然会更好！以下的串讲内容包括三方面内容：第一部分：介绍考试题型及评分标准第二部分：考试习题集 (以串讲内容及课本重点知识为依据)．第三部分: 考试注意事项(由于时间有限，难免有不足，还请大家原谅!)Wish you all Success! Good Luck!Part I Introduction about Examination:1) 考试题型第一部分：选择题：I. Multiple Choice: (40 points, 1 point for each). Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except ____.A. HamletB. King LearC. Romeo and JulietD. OthelloAnswer: C. (可参考课本P33)II. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 points for each)也就是根据选读中的一句话或一段话，回答三个问题，这些完成来自于书上，在以下的串讲中我们会给大家做具体的总结，以帮助大家顺利的通过考试！例如：2001年考过的一个题目：“Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/Destroy and Preserver’ hear, O hear!”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What is the "Wild Spirit"？C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve？Answer:A: Shelly’s "Ode to the West wind"雪莱的《西风颂》B. The West wind: "breath of Autumn’s being’’C. It destroys things /thoughts / idea that are dead, it preserves new life. (or seeds that represent new life or new birth.)(可参考课本P211)评分标准：A,B,各1分，C,2分. 语言错误酌情扣分第二部分是非选择题 (共44分)III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 points for each)例如："My boy!" said the old gentleman, learning over the desk. Oliver started at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears." (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist)Explain why the boy (Oliver Twist) started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were” kindly" said.参考答案：The boy started at the words because kind words were not expected; it is (was, must be) the first time in all his life that the boy (Oliver Twist) had been “kindly” greeted; strange sounds may predict another suffering/misfortune/torture/…) (At least one example from the text to back up the above statement.)评分标准：概述占4分, 例子占2分．语言错误酌情扣分．IV. Topic discussion (20 points in all, 10 points for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topicsin English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.例如：Mark Twin presented the 19th century American in his own unique way. Discuss Twain’s art of fiction: the setting, the language, and the characters, etc., based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.参考答案：Twain uses the Mississippi alley as his fictional kingdom, writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and therefore known as a local colorist. creates life-like characters, especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality.uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any precious literary language. It is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class, the living local American English.has created a special humor to satirize social injustice and the decayed convention.英美文学考前串讲（2）Part One: English LiteratureChapter I An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature & The Renaissance PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the _____legend of a magician aspiring for ____ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.immoralitymoneyknowledgepolitical powerAnswer: C (可参考课本P21)2. _____, is a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epicof the Anglo-Saxons.Wife’s ComplaintDream of the RoodSeafarerAnswer: B (可参考课本P1)’s Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehen sive realistic picture of the English Society in his masterpiece__________.Canterbury TalesLegend of Good Womenand CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose.Answer: A (可参考课本P4)4. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.A. Geographical explorationB. Religious reformationC. Publishing and translationD. Humanism.Answer: D (可参考课本P8)5. “Prince Arthur’s greatest mission is his search for Gloriana, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision.”The two figures come from_____.Lost. FaustusFaerie QueeneAnswer: C (可参考课本P13)6. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare_________________.on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.human’s vanity.the eternity of love.the power of the beauty.Answer: A (P37)7. ____ gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “mighty lines” and make ’blank verse’the principle vehicle of expression in drama.Answer: C (P21)8. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except____.Learand JulietAnswer: C (P33)9. The Renaissance refers to between 14th----mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen___and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the ’real mainstream (真正的文学主流)’ was ____.poetrydramanoveldramaAnswer: B (P11)10. In The Legend of Good Women, Chaucer used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which is to be called later____.Spenserian stanzaheroic coupletblank versefree verseAnswer: B (P5)11. The Redcrosse Knight in “The Faerie Queene” stands for_____, and Una stands for_____.chastitytruthdeliverygentleman/ lady.Answer: B (P16)12. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance？of ancient Roman and Greek culture.to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.of man’s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man’s foibles.of man’s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.Answer: D (P7)13. “The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” is an example of ______.Answer: A (P55)14. _____ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.SaxonsAnglo-SaxonsRomansNormansAnswer: B (P11)15. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehe nsive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.SpenserChaucerShakespeareDonneAnswer: B (P4)16. The following belong to the characteristics of ’metaphysical poetry’ represented by ’John Donne’ except___.imagery and simple dictionformstyleAnswer: D (P63)17. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.MythologylegendOld TestamentNew TestamentAnswer: C (P73)18. In “Paradise Lost”, Satan says “We may with more successful hope resolve/ To wage by force or guile eternal war, / Irreconcilable to our grand Foe” What does the “Eternal war”mean？remove God from his throneburn the Heaven Downcorrupt God’s creation of man and woman-----Adam and Evebeguile into a snake to threaten man’s lifeAnswer: C (P71, 节选部分在P75)19. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most po pular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a ’philosophical exploration’ of life and death.Merchant of VeniceLearWinter’s TaleAnswer: B (P33)20. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth ofEnglish literature.SaxonsAnglo-SaxonsNormansRomansAnswer: B (P1)21. Paradise Lost is ___’s masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, about the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority.DonneMarloweMiltonSpenserAnswer: C (P71)22. The following description fit into Milton ’except’_____.great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryoutstanding political pamphleteergreat stylist and master of blank versekind of elegant and refine style.Answer: D (P70---73)23. _____is not written by John Milton.AgonistesLostregainedAnswer: D (P71)24. Marlow’s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ’blank verse’, and he is regarded as ’the pioneer of English drama’, which of the following is not written by him？Jew of MaltaPassionate to His LoveSun RisingAnswer: D (P20)25. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recgnized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.Milton’sBacon’s’sGray’sAnswer: B (P58)26._____Was known as “the poets’ poet”.27. Shakespeare28. Spenser29. Donne30. Milton31.Answer: B (P15)32.27. “And we will make thee beds of roses / And a thousand fragrant posies/ A cap of flowers, and a kirtle/ Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle.” The above lines are probably taken from______.33.’s The Faerie Queene34. Donne’s The Sun Rising35.’s Sonnet 1836.’s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.37.Answer: D (P28)38.28. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18？39. speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.40. speaker satirizes human vanity.41. speaker praises the power of artistic creation.42. speaker meditates on man’s salvation.43.Answer: C (P37)44.II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:45.1.“For herein Fortune shows herself more kind46.Than is her custom. It is still her use47.To let the wretched man outlive his wealth,48.To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow49.An age of poverty; from which ling’ring penance50.Of such misery doth she cut me off”51. the title of the works and author.52.“from which…cut me off”.53. happened to him, which caused the words？54.参考答案:55.The lines are from “The Merchant of Venice”,56.William Shakespeare. (P48)57.2) This sentence means she, ’Lady Fortune(命运女神)’, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life.58.3) The speaker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is penniless, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requires Antonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him the money that he borrowed for his friend in due time.) (P38)59.2.“Read not to contract and confuse, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”60.1)Identify the work and author.61.2)What idea does the passage express？62.参考答案：63.1) The sentence comes from “Of Studies” written by ’Francis Bacon’. (P61)64.2) The Sentence talks about the proper way to read: When you read, don’t be puzzled by the content of the book; don’t take it for granted; don’t quote too much from the book; before accepting its idea, you’d better think about its shortcomings and consider it from all sides.65.3.“ Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;66.Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,67.When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:68.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,69.So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.70.1) Where does the poem comes from Who wrote it？71.What does “eternal lines” mean？72.Interpret it briefly.73.参考答案：74.1) The poem is “ Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”, by Shakespeare. (P38)75.2) Eternal lines means the lines of the poem and other sonnets. (P38)76.3) It means: you will not lose your beauty, and death will not threaten you with darkness, either. As long as man can live in the world, they will see your beauty in my lines of my poem, which has given you eternal life. (Or A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. (P37)77.4.“… All is no lost: the unconquerable will,78.And study of revenge, immortal hate,79.And courage never to submit or yield:80.And what is else not to be overcome……81.Irreconcilable to our grand Foe”82.1) Please identify the poem and the poet.83.2) Interpret“all is not lost”.84.3) What does the whole passage mean？85.参考答案：86.1) It is taken from John Milton’s “Paradise Lost”.(P74)87.2) “all is not lost” is the word from Satan----Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are driven from Heaven into hell. In the fire of the hell, Satan is determined to fight back, just like what he says: not all is lost, the unconquerable will, the deep hatred, and the courage to fight till death still remain. (P71)88.3) This passage shows Satan’s will not to submit (服从), and the desire to long for freedom; to beg God for mercy and worship his power is more shameful and disgraceful than the downfall.(P71) 89.5.“If he be not apt to beat over matters, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”90.Questions:91.3)What does “beat over matters” mean？92.4)What does “receipt’ refer to？93.5)From which essay does the above sentences come, what is the essay mainly about？94.参考答案：95.1)It means: make through examinations of things. (P63)96.2)“Receipt” refers to cure, prescription. (P63)97.3)The sentences are from “Of Studies” (Francis Bacon). It is the most popular of bacon’s essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. (P60—61)98.6.“What, is great Mephistophilis to passionate99.For being deprived of the joys of heaven100.Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitude101.And scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.102.……103.Say he will spare him Four and twenty years104.Letting him live in all voluptuousness105.Having thee ever to attend on me…106.Questions:107.1)Identify the passage and author;108.2)“Say he surrenders up to him his soul”, who will surrender his soul What for？109.3)Who are thee What will he do？110.参考答案：111.1) The passage comes from “” written by Christopher Marlowe. (P25—26)112.2) will surrender his soul to devil. Because he was a great scholar who has a strong desire to ’get knowledge’ in vain, finally he ’made a bond’ to sell his soul to Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may get anything he desires. (P22)113.3) The “thee”, refers to “Mephistophilis”, the Devil’s servant.114.He helped to do anything he wants. (P22)115.7.“Busy old fool, unruly sun,116.Why does thou thus,117.Through windows and through curtains call on us”118.Questions:119.6)Identify the work and author.120.7)What idea does the passage express参考答案:1)The passage comes from “The Sun Rising”, written by ’John Donne’. (P66)2) The speaker questions the sun’s authority and speaks condescendingly, placing the sun in the status of a subordinate. In the lover’s kingdom, the sun has no right to dictate the time of day or the passing of seasons. His presence in their bedchamber is an intrusion on their privacy. III. Questions and answers:do you know about Renaissance Give a summery about English literature in the period？(No more than 150 words)参考答案:Renaissance refers to the period between 14th----mid-17th century. It first started in Italy. Renaissance means rebirth or revival----the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.essence, The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of the old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie/middle class, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic church.is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. The humanism exalted/praised human nature and emphasized the dignity of human beings and the present life. They thought man had the right to enjoy the beauty of life and had the ability to perfect himself and made wonders, which got ready for the appearance of the great Elizabethan writers in Britain. Poetry and drama were the most outstanding literary forms., Marlowe and Francis Bacon etc. were the remarkable representatives of the English Renaissance. (可参考课本P7---12)2. Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy (独白).参考答案:“To be or not to be” is ’a philosophical exploration of life and death’. The soliloquy condemned the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption of the world, and revealed the character of Hamlet---so ’speculative, questioning, contemplative and melancholy./gloomy’. It was not because he was not able to take action to revenge, but because of his ’hesitative/hesitant character’, when the chance for action came, it seemed defeat.It can be interpreted as: Hamlet bears the heavy burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death, he is forced to live in the suspense of facts and fiction, language and action. He considers that it would be better to ’commit suicide’, but being scared of what might happen to him in the afterlife. So he put off the thing because of the sin. He considers the plan carefully only to find reason for not carrying it out. The soliloquy conveys ’the sense ofworld-weariness (厌世)’ . (P33-34)3. What common features do the characters share in Marlow’s works (No more than 150 words)参考答案:The creation of The Renaissance hero is one of Marlow’s contributions.1)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from god and men. They had human dignity and capacity, trying to get heaven/highest ideas on the earth by their own efforts.2)For example: Tamburlaine is a character written by Marlowe. By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal forc4e in conquering, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of man for infinite/ limitless power and authority. In , Marlowe celebrated the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness.3) Tamburlaine and are typical in owning such Renaissance spirit, Tamburlaine, being a cruel conquer, found happiness in conquering other kingdom. Only death could defeat him. While , a more introspective and philosophical figure, had high spirit for knowledge but he had sin for having despair in God and trust in Devil. (P20—22)4. What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays？参考答案：Shakespeare’s plays are divided into 3 types: comedies, tragedies and historical plays.1) His historical plays are with the theme-----national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary.2)In his romantic comedies, he takes an optimistic attitude toward love friendship and youth.3)In his tragedies, Shakespeare always portrays some noble heroes, who faces the injustice of life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of his nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. We also see the conflict between the individual and the evil force in the society. And his major characters are always individuals representing certain types.5. Please comment on the character of Satan in “Paradise Lost.”参考答案：Satan is a rebellious (叛逆的) figure against God in literature, defeated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that “all was not lost” and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. While he tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.6. What are the characteristics of the Humanism？参考答案：1)’Humanism’ is the essence of Renaissance.2)Humanists see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise (轻视) but to ’question, explore, and enjoy’.3)They also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders (创造奇迹). (P8)英美文学考前串讲（3）Chapter 2 The Neoclassical PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. ____brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".Pilgrim’s ProgressJonesCrusoeJackAnswer: B (P122)2. Alexander Pope worked painstakingly on his poemsand finally brought to its last perfection ______Drydenhad successfully used in his plays.heroic coupletfree verseblank verseSpenserian stanzaAnswer: A (P92)3. Of all the 18th century novelists ___was the first to set out,both in theory and practice, to write specially a "comic epic in prose." FieldingDefoeSwiftBunyanAnswer: A (P120)4. ____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.AHoly WarPilgrims progressAnswer: C (P85)5. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"？Pilgrim’s ProgressFaririe Queene’s travelsSchool of ScandelAnswer: C (P108)6. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light,So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit;For works may have more wit than does’em goodAs bodies perish through excess of blood."In the above lines, Pope tries to sat that_______.wit will make better poetryis more important than wit in poetrymuch wit will destroy good poetrywill make wit dullAnswer: C (P93-94)7. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the formof a mock______, which describes the triviality of high societyin a grand style.Answer: A (P92)8. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature ofSamuel Johnson’s language stylesentences are long and well structured.sentences are interwoven with parallel words.tends to use informal and colloquial words.sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearly expressed. Answer: C (P132)9. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.In the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to saythat great family, power, beauty and wealth___________.never make people lead to the same destination----paths of glory.inevitably make people realize their glorious dreamsthe very best things to lead people to their gloriesnever prevent people from reaching their final destination---grave. Answer: D (P154)10. ____has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel"for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. BunyanFieldingDefoeSwiftAnswer: B (P121)11. ____was very much concerned with the theme of the vanityof human wishes and tried to awaken men to this follyand hoped to cure them of it through his writing.JohnsonSwiftBrinsley SheridanGrayAnswer: A (P132)12. ____was the only important dramatist of the 18th century,in his plays, morality is the constant theme.PopeBrinsley SheridanJohnsonBernard ShawAnswer: B (P136)13. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was oneof the first to introduce___to England.Answer: A (P91)14. The Rivals and ____are generally regarded as important links between the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw. School for ScandalDuenna’s HousesDoctor’s DilemmaAnswer: A (P137)15. ____is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(道德沦丧) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th century England.Rivals’s TravelsJonesSchool for ScandalAnswer: D (P138)16. The poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Gray is regarded as the most representative work of _____.Metaphysical SchoolGraveyard SchoolGothic SchoolRomantic SchoolAnswer: B (P152)17. _______, written in heroic couplet by Pope, is considered manifesto of English Neoclassicism.Essay of Dramatic PoetryEssay on CriticismAdvancing of learningEssay on FreedomAnswer: B (P93)18. ______is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.stylenarrationsatiresentence structureAnswer: C (P107)19. In the following writings by Henry Fielding,which brings him the name of the "Prose Homer"？Coffee---House Politician.Tragedy of Tragedies.History of Tom Jones, A Foundling.History of Amelia.Answer: C (P120)20. "Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to thedoor----I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother."The two sentences are found in ________.School for ScandalRivalsCriticScheming LieutenantAnswer: A (P139)21. In terms of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, which is wrong？author employs metaphor in this poem.author excessively expresses his personal melancholy.he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown.mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc on them.Answer: B (P152-153)22. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are________. that are endowed with reason.that are endowed with admirable qualitiesthat are superior in wisdom., wild, low and despicable creatures,who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.Answer: A (P108)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "Words are like leaves;and where they most abound,Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,Its gaudy colors spreads on every place;The face of Nature we no more survey,All glares alike, without distinction gay."Questions:1) Identify the author and the passage;2) Name the devices used in the passage with examples;3) Explain "Words….found".4) What is the mainly implied idea of the passage？参考答案：1) The passage is from Pope’s "An Essay on Criticism". (P94)2) In the passage the author used "Simile" the device,. "Words are like leaves" and "false eloquence,like the prismatic glass’ etc.3) The sentence means: Where/When too many words are used,they seldom express much sense.4) The passage implies authors shouldn’t stress too muchthe artificial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language,they should pay special attention to True Wit, which is bestset in the plain style. (just as too many leaves will cover the fruits,too gaudy/ showy glass will hide the face the Nature,too false and eloquent language will hide the Wit in the articles.)2. "Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smileThe short and simple annals of the poor.The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave."Questions:1) Identify the author and the works;2) What does "the inevitable hour"？3) Explain the first stanza;4) What does the whole passage imply.参考答案：1) This is Thomas Gray’s "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard".托马斯·格雷的《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》(P154)2) "The inevitable hour" means time of death. (P156)3) The first stanza means: The men with ambition and high positionshouldn’t laugh at the ordinary people for their simple life and hard work.4) In the passage, the poet reflects on the death----no matter how poor or wealthy,or how important and humble, every is equal before death, the author givesmuch sympathy to the poor and unknown (P153)III. Questions and answers:analyze the Neoclassical period and the characters of the literature.参考答案：1)The Neoclassical period is about 1660-1798, also known as"the Age of Enlightenment" or "the age of Reason".2)Its background was:was an age full of conflicts and difference of values;was an age of fast development for English to becomethe first powerful capitalist country in the world;was an age of economic development, in which bourgeois/middle class grew rapidly.3)In essence, the Neoclassical Period was a progressive intellectual movement.4)The Enlighteners believed in self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work;They celebrated reason/rationality, equality and science.。