2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时15阅读理解七选五
2018届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时11阅读理解体裁解读(
课时11 阅读理解体裁解读(2)—说明文【体裁解读】做要旨粗心题时能够经过：找寻主题句，确立文章粗心。
在很多状况下，特别是在阅读说明文和谈论文时，依据其篇章特色我们能够经过找寻短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。
抓住段落粗心，归纳中心思想。
找寻整篇文章的中心思想的方法是成立在找寻各段落中心的基础上。
各段落中心句的整体归纳即是文章的中心思想。
抓主线和重点词，归纳文章中心。
要注意不是全部的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。
体裁操练(2017·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNew Orleans tocelebrate thefirst annual InternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational ，ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraise awarenessofjazzmusic，its significance ，andits potential asaunifying( 联合)voiceacrosscultures.Despitethecele brations，though，intheU．jazzaudiencecontinuestosh rinkandgrowolder，andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations. It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangetheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserf orjazz，Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz，makethemusicmoreaccessible，andpreserveitshistoryandculture.“Jazz seemslikeit'snotreallyapart ftheAmericanappetite，”MorantellsNa tionalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.“What I'mhopingtoaccomplish sthatmygenera tionandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.It'sact uallycolor ，andit'sactuallydigital.”Mora nsaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbee nlost.“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayit wasin19 08orhastocontinuetomove，becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame，”saysMoran.Lastyear，MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty，“justtokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuc has tisconcertmusic，”saysMoran.“Forme，it'sthe music，wheredoestheemotion(感情)lie？Arewe，ashumans，gaininganyinsight(感悟)onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieP arkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts ？Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext ，”says Moran，“soIwanttocontinuethosearethethingsIwanttofoster. ”1．WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay? A．Torememberthebirthofjazz.B．Toprotectculturaldiversity.C．Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.D．Torecognizethevalueofjazz.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword “that”inparagraph3referto? A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.3．WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz?A．Itwilldisappeargradually.B．Itremainsblackandwhite.C．Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D．Itchangesevery50years.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ExploringtheFutureofJazzB．TheRiseandFallofJazzC．TheStoryofaJazzMusicianD．CelebratingtheJazzDay【能力提高】AWhenaleafyplantisunderattack ，itdoesn'tsitin1983 ，twoscientists ，JackSchultzandIanBaldwin ，reportedthatyoungmapletreesgetting bitten byinsects sendoutaparticular smell that neighboring plants can chemicals comefromtheinjured parts oftheplant andseemto beanalarm.What theplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganic compounds，VOCsforshort.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCswhenbeingattacked.It's a plant's way of crying is anyone listening ？wecanwatchtheneighborsreact.2Someplants pumpoutsmelly chemicals tokeepinsects away.But others dodoublepumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestothe they arrive ，attacker who waslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy ，itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelpthe neighbors.The damageisusually moreserious onthefirst p lant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking ，staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo. Doesthis meanthat plants talk toeachother? Scientists the firstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches ，andso，ineffect ，wastalkingtotheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.So information wasexchanged，butit wasn't atrue，intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin ，over150yearsago ，imaginedaworldfarbusier ，noisierand moreintimate (亲近的)thantheworld wecanseeandhear.Our sensesareweak.There's awholelotgoingon.1．Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A．Itmakesnoises.B．Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C．Itstandsquietly.D．Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.2．Whatdoestheauthormeanby “thetablesareturned”inparagraph3? A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies. 3．Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan________. A．predictnaturaldisastersB．protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC．talktooneanotherintentionallyD．helptheirneighborswhennecessary4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Theworldischangingfasterthanever. B．Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore. C．Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.3D．PeopleinDarwin'stimeweremoreima ginative.BAbuild-it-yourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoob taindr inkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilybytwodo ctorsinthe U．ofAgriculture，it'sanexcellentwater，youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou，sinceit'sa ll butimpossible ofindnaturalonlycomponentsrequired，though，a re a5′×5′sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic，sixfeetofplastictube，andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Tocon structaworkingstill，useasharpstick rrock odigaholefourfeetac rossandthreefeettomaketheholeindampareatoincreasethe_water_ca tcher'syourcupinthedeepestpartofthelaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupand therestofthelineru nsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next ，covertheholewiththeplasticsheet，securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandwe ightingthesheet'scenterdown withaplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledlowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddire ctlyover，andnomorethanthreeinchesabove，thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseunderthewaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform，rundownthematerial，andfalloffintothethecontainerisfull，youcansucktherefreshmentoutthrought hetube，andwon'thavetobreakdownthesti lleverytimeyouneedadrink.5．Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirst paragraph?A．It'sd elicate.B．It'sexpen sive.C．It'scomp lex.D．It'sp ortable.6．Whatdoes theunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2refert o?A．Thetu be.B．The still.C．Theho le.D．The cup.7．Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill? A．Digaholeofacertainsize.B．Putthecupinplace.4C．Weightthesheet'scenterdown. D．Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet. 8．Whenasolarstillworks ，dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom__________. A．theplastictube B．outsidetheholeC．theopenair D．beneaththesheetCAfteryearsofheateddebate ，graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNational Park.Fourteen wolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransported tolastyear ，theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves. GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmu chofthe continental United States ，but they were gradually displaced by humanthe 1920s，wolveshadpracticallydisappeared fromthe Yellowstonearea.They wentfarther north into thedeepforests ofCanada，wherethere werefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearance of the wolves hadmany and elk populations —majorfoodsources( 根源)forthewolf —grewanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation( 植被)，whichreducedplantdiversityinthetheabsenceofwolves ，coyotepopulationsalsogrewcoyotes killedalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes ，andcompletelydroveawaythepark'sbeavers.Asearlyas1966 ，biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducing wolvestoYellowstonehopedthatwolveswould beabletocontroltheelk andcoyotefarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolves wouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets. Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintrodu cetheU．andWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewol fpacksin ，thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfitting inat ，deer，andcoyotepopulations aredown，while beaversandredfoxes havemadeaYellowstone wolf project hasbeenavaluable experimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvest ootherpartsofthecountryaswell.9．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B．PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.5C．Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgra ywolves.D．ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellow stonePark.10．Whatdoestheunderlin edword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?A．Test ed.B ．Separ ated.C．Forcedo ut.D．Tracked down.11．Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbring about?A．Damagetolocalecology.B．Adeclineinthepark'sincome.C．Preservationofvegetation.D．Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.12．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheYellowston ewolfproject?A．Doubtfu l.B．Pos itive.C．Disapprovi ng.D．Uncaring.DTheInte lligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectricc ar intoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystres spointsare.Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsf orafallinhealthandwell-beingamongolderpeople，leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated(隔断)andinactive.LedbyProfessorPhilBlyth e，theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-vehicletechn ologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintol aterlife.Theseincludecustom-madenavigation(导航)tools，nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedBlytheexplains：“For manyolderpeopleparti cularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry，drivingisimportantforprese rvingtheirindependence，givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyo nothers.“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegeto lderou rreactionsslowdownandthi softenresults npeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditions andlosingconfidence ntheirdrivingresultisthatpeoplestopdriving beforetheyreallyneedto.”DrAmyGuo，theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy，explains：“TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeystresspointsanddifficulties6areforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems. “Forexample，mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthan everyoneelse butsurprisingly ，wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggled tokeepata constantspeedand soweremore likelytobreak thespeedlimit andbeatriskofgetting fined.We're looking atthebenefits ofsystemswhichcontrol their speed asawayofpreventingthat. “Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)to ensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel. ”13．WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLAB?A．Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B．Todesignnewtypesofcars.C．Tofindoutolderdrivers'problems.D．Toteachpeopletrafficrules. 14．WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe? A．Itkeepsthemindependent.B．Ithelpsthemsavetime.C．Itbuildsuptheirstrength.D．Itcurestheirmentalillnesses. 15．Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?A．Improvetheirdrivingskills.B．Developdriver-assisttechnologies.C．Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.D．Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.16．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ANewModelElectricCarB．ASolutiontoTrafficProblemsC．DrivingServicesforEldersD．KeepingOlderDriversontheRoadEIfyouboughtsomecandymonthsagobutneverateit,howcanyoutellwhether itisstillsafetoeat?The easiestwayistocheckthe “use-bydate”printedonthewrapper.Ifthatdatehasalreadypassed,you’relikelytothrowthecandyaway.Butisthatreallynecessary?According toanewreport fromtheUSNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil (NRDC),7tonsoffoodis wastedeachyear, largely becausepeopledon't fully understand whatexpirationdates,or “use-b ydates”，actuallymean.Food dating was introduced in the 1970s because consumers wanted more information aboutthethings that theywereeating. Whentheyfirst showedup,use-bydateswereonlysupposedtoindicatefreshnessbecauseproducerswantedtheir productstobetastedintheirbestconditions.Butthetruthisthatthesedatesaren'trelatedtotheriskoffoodpoisoningorfood-bornillness,accordingtoTimeNews.However,mostcustomersmisinterpreteduse-bydatesandrelatedthemtothesafetyofthefood,andtheystilllargelydonow.Eggs,forexample,canstillbeeatenthreetofiveweeksafterpurchaseeventhoughtheuse-bydateismuchearlier.Whentheiruse-bydatespass,strawberry-flavoreddrinksmaylosetheirredcolorandbiscuitsmaylosetheircrunch( 松脆),buttheyarenotharmful.“It's aconfusing subject, the difference between food quality andfood safety，”said JenaRoberts, vice president ofNationalFoodLab,aUSfoodtestingcompany.“EveninthefoodindustryIhavecolleagueswhogetconfused.”Thisiswhyscientistsarecallingforastandardexplanationtobeprintedfollowing theuse-by dates. “W ewantthis tobeclearlycommunicatedsoconsumersarenot misunderstandingthedataandcontributingtoa lotofwaste ，”said Dana Gunders,astaffscientistwiththeNRDC.Butthiswon'tbeamistakethatiseasytocorrectsincepeoplehavebelievedit for solongAnother problemis that the quality levels ofdifferent foodschangedifferently —somearestillsafetoeatlongaftertheiruse-bydatewhileothersarenot.Asaresult,foodindustryofficialsarenowthinkingofchangingtheuse-by datetoadateindicatingwhenfoodismostlikelytogobad.17．Theuse-bydatewasfirstintendedto________.A．tellthefreshnessoffoodB．showthesafetyoffoodC．giveawarningoffoodpoisoningD．indicatetherelationbetweenfoodandillness18．Theunderlined word “misinterpreted”in Paragraph 4probably means________.8A．madeguessesaboutB．formedawrongideaaboutC．madewronguseofD．tooknonoticeof19．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Mostcustomersunderstandwhatuse-bydatesmean.B．“Use-bydates”haveexistedformorethan50years.C．Biscuitscan'tbeeatenwhennotascrunchyastheyarebought. D．Evenaftertheiruse-bydatespass,somefoodsarestillsafetoeat. 20．Scientistsarecallingforastandardexplanationtobeprintedtogetherwiththeuse-bydatesbecause________.A．use-bydatesarenothelpfulorreliable B．moreconsumersgetworriedaboutfoodsafety C．mostconsumersoftenmisunderstanduse-bydates D．thequalitylevelofdifferentfoodschangesdifferently9课时11 阅读理解体裁解读(2)—说明文【体裁操练】【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
【精选】高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时10阅读理解体裁解读1
课时10 阅读理解体裁解读(1)—记叙文【体裁解读】高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。
在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。
如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就会大大提高。
1．记叙文写作特点记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。
消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。
就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。
不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓“一篇之妙，在于落句”。
2．记叙文命题特点从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。
除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。
同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。
而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。
总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。
而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开差距的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。
综上所述，记叙文的应对策略：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
体裁演练(2017·全国新课标Ⅰ)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simplybeautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived，I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl.It had alreadybeen placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest，I might have been able to put it back，but no luck.My next work was to construct anest and anchor it in a tree. The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branchesinto the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in thenest，and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults；they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to seewhat news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on usall! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had donetheir duty and would probably continue to do so. 1．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to paragraph 1?A．Efforts made in vain.B．Getting injured in his work.C．Feeling uncertain about his future.D．Creatures forced out of their homes.2．Why was the author called to Muttontown?A．To rescue a woman.B．To take care of a woman.C．To look at a baby owl.D．To cure a young owl.3．What made the chick calm down?A．A new nest. B．Some food.C．A recording. D．Its parents.4．How would the author feel about the outcome of theevent?A．It's unexpected. B．It's beautiful.C．It's humorous. D．It's discouraging.【能力提升】ABenjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art whenhe was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel's hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some furfrom the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the catbegan to look ragged(蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin wasforced to admit what he had been doing.lot__caThe__t'swasaboutone of Benjamin's cousins，That year，_to_improve.Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushesBenjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景)painting.William Williams，a wellknown painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.1．What is the text mainly about?A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A．The cat would be closely watched.B．The cat would get some medical care.C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.3．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.B．He provided him with painting materials.C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D．He taught him how to make engravings.4．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ________.A．master the use of paintsB．appreciate landscape paintingsC．get to know other paintersD．make up his mind to be a painterBMy elder brother Steve gave me important lessons in values that helped me growinto an adult after our father died when I was six. For instance, Steve taught me to face the results of my behavior. Once whenI returned in tears from a Saturday baseball game, Steve took time to ask me what had happened. When I explained that my baseball had broken Mrs. Holt's basementconfesswindow, Steve encouraged me toto it. After all, I should have been playing in the park and not in the path between buildings. Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs. Holt, I offered to pay for the window if she would return my ball. I also learned from Steve that personal property (财产) is a sacred thing. After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifthgrade classroom, I wanted to keep it, but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else. I returned the pento my teacher, Mrs. Davids, and she praised me. Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me, his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind. When I was twelve, I killed an old brown sparrow in the yard with a BB gun. Excited with my accuracy, I screamed to Steve to come from the house to take a look. I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground. Then in a dead, quiet voice, he asked, “Did it hurt you first, Mark？” I didn't know what to answer. He continued with his eyes firm，“ The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is whether it hurts you first. And then you think a long, long time. ”I really felt terrible then, but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.5．What does the underlined word “confess” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Cover. B．Admit.C．Deny. D．Agree.6．How did the author feel when he faced Mrs. Holt?A．He was unwilling.B．He felt frightened.C．He appeared challenging.D．He was lighthearted.7．Which was the most important lesson the author learned from his brother?A．Care for the property of others.B．The value of honesty.C．Responsibility for one's actions.D．Respect for living things.8．What technique does the author mainly use to organize the text?A．Time order. B．Cause and effect.C．Examples. D．Logical reasoning.CI first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of ButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened totheir agents or the studio powers. The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and TheStingfour years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen. We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you shouldput something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the didn't see each other all that regularly，festival.Paul and Ibut sharingbroughtthat us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He andI both knew what the deal was，and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationshipthat didn't need a lot of words.9．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A．Paul Newman wanted it.B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.C．He wasn't famous enough.D．The director recommended someone else.10．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A．They were of the same age.B．They worked in the same theater.C．They were both good actors.D．They had similar characteristics.11．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Their belief.B．Their care for children.C．Their success.D．Their support for each other.12．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A．To show his love of films.B．To remember a friend.C．To introduce a new movie.D．To share his acting experience.DMinutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater's 75year history.This time，however，the cleanup was a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for thebuilding's end. The film classic TheLastPictureShow was the last movie shown in the old theater.Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building.Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible forthe Plaza to compete.He added that the theater's location (位置) was also a reason.“This used to be the center of t own，”he said.“Now the area is mostlyoffice buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turningthe old theater into a museum and public meeting place.However，these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.Bradford sold the building and land to alocal development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land wherethe theater is located. The theater audience said goodbye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time.After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie.The theater willbe missed.13．In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special?A．It made room for new equipment.B．It signaled the closedown of the theater.C．It was done with the help of the audience.D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.14．Why was TheLastPictureShow put on?A．It was an alltime classic.B．It was about the history of the town.C．The audience requested it.D．The theater owner found it suitable.15．What will probably happen to the building?A．It will be repaired.B．It will be turned into a museum.C．It will be knocked down.D．It will be sold to the city government.16．What can we infer about the audience?A．They are disappointed with Bradford.B．They are sad to part with the old theater.C．They are supportive of the city officials.D．They are eager to have a shopping center.EAt least once each winter I manage to get a good flight in the middle of a snowstorm. Last Sunday was that flight. My gliding(滑翔的) partners had looked at the weather reports of showers and decided to stay at home. People say that you shouldn't fly by yourself, but on that day I felt the urge to go flying and so headedfor my favorite gliding site.I had the mountain ridge to myself. After a smooth liftoff, I floated stablyin the breeze, feeling at peace with myself and the world. I looked across the valley to Bedford and a moment later saw the town disappear in a band of snow that wasmoving towards me. The breeze remained strong enough for flying and I knew that as long as the visibilitywas good, it was OK for me to stay in the air. The snow moved in and swirled around me. It was a light dry snow. The day was already very quiet but, somehow, the light snow made it even more silent. I felt like a snowflake. Two bald eagles joined me. They didn't pay me any attention and spent a few minutes flying around the ridge before disappearing. I flew through another band of snow. I had been flying for about 45 minutes when I next looked across the valley.I could see there were more bands of snow to come and the breeze was dying too. It was time to go home, get in a hot bath and warm up. I couldn't wait to tell my gliding partners that they had missed out on a perfect flight.17．Why did the author's gliding partners refuse to fly on that day?A．They preferred to fly alone.B．The weather did not permit.C．They did not like winter flights.D．The equipment was not adequate. 18．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “visibility” inParagraph 3?A．Weather. B．Skill.C．Possibility. D．View.19．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The bald eagle can cause damage to the author's flight.B．The author will land and go home after the snow stops.C．Brand of snow will be a great threat to the author's flight.D．The author will hesitate to share his experience with his partners.20．What could be the best title for the article?A．The First Flight AloneB．A NarrowEscape FlightC．One NeverAgain FlightD．An Impressive Winter Flight第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时10 阅读理解体裁解读(1)—记叙文【体裁演练】【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时16阅读理解七选五
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时16阅读理解七选五(xx·全国新课标Ⅱ)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.__1__，there are several ways to handle things.Let's take a look at them now.__2__.Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to e back during that time or that you'll find them then.__3__.It can help to eliminate (消除) future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone，don't do it in your own office.__4__，it's much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office，make good use of it.__5__.If someone knocks and it's not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed，you're not to be disturbed.A．If you're busy，don't feel bad about saying noB．When you want to avoid interruptions at workC．Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD．If you're in the other person's office or in a public areaE．It's important that you let them know when you'll be availableF．It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not【能力提升】A根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习第二部分题型突破专题12阅读理解第2讲推理判断题一对点特训
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习第二部分题型突破专题12阅读理解第2讲推理判断题一对点特训(xx·山西大学附属中学高三月考)Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes(运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has shown that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback(反馈) to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷) in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not bee work for children. The oute of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worried more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the oute and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the oute. Research shows that positive reinforcement motivates learning and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.体裁：说明文题材：文化教育主题：正面评价儿童运动语篇导读：文章说明了在儿童运动时，父母以及教练的评价反馈的重要性，建议我们在孩子运动时多作正面评价，少批评。
2021届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时16阅读理解七选五2202112
2021届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时16阅读理解七选五220211224152【典题演练】(2021·全国新课标Ⅱ)依照短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为余外选项。
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.__1__，there are several ways to handle things.Let's take a look at them now.__2__.Tell the person you're sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then.__3__.It can help to eliminate (排除) future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone，don't do it in your own office.__4__，it's much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office，make good use of it.__5__.If someone knocks and it's not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know you're busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed，you're not to be disturbed.A．If you're busy，don't feel bad about saying noB．When you want to avoid interruptions at workC．Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD．If you're in the other person's office or in a public areaE．It's important that you let them know when you'll be availableF．It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not【能力提升】A依照短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时10阅读理解体裁解读
2021届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时10阅读理解体裁解读—记叙文【体裁解读】高考阅读明白得体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。
在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。
假如把握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就会大大提高。
1．记叙文写作特点记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描画事物和人物情形状态、过程及进展的文体。
消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。
就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时刻顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。
不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓“一篇之妙，在于落句”。
2．记叙文命题特点从命题形式上看，常见的有细节明白得、词义推测、主旨大意、推理判定、作者意图等题型。
除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一样都会按照文章的脉络和故事进展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。
同时，记叙文需要事件的进展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件情况的进展脉络。
而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的明白得。
总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。
而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开差距的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。
综上所述，记叙文的应计策略：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
体裁演练(2021·全国新课标Ⅰ)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived，I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest，I might have been able to put it back，but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branchesinto the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults；they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.1．What is unavoidable in the author's rescue work according to paragraph 1?A．Efforts made in vain.B．Getting injured in his work.C．Feeling uncertain about his future.D．Creatures forced out of their homes.2．Why was the author called to Muttontown?A．To rescue a woman.B．To take care of a woman.C．To look at a baby owl.D．To cure a young owl.3．What made the chick calm down?A．A new nest. B．Some food.C．A recording. D．Its parents.4．How would the author feel about the outcome of theevent?A．It's unexpected. B．It's beautiful.C．It's humorous. D．It's discouraging.【能力提升】ABenjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel's hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur fromthe family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve.That year，one of Benjamin's cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景)painting.William Williams，a wellknown painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillo w at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.1．What is the text mainly about?A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.2．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A．The cat would be closely watched.B．The cat would get some medical care.C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.3．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.B．He provided him with painting materials.C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D．He taught him how to make engravings.4．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ________.A．master the use of paintsB．appreciate landscape paintingsC．get to know other paintersD．make up his mind to be a painterBMy elder brother Steve gave me important lessons in values that helped me grow into an adult after our father died when I was six.For instance, Steve taught me to face the results of my behavior. Once when I returned in tears from a Saturday baseball game, Steve took time to ask me what had happened. When I explained that my baseball had broken Mrs. Holt's basement window, Steve encouraged me to confess to it. After all, I should have been playing in the park and not in the path between buildings. Although my knees knocked as I explained to Mrs. Holt, I offered to pay for the window if she would return my ball. I also learned from Steve that personal property (财产) is a sacred thing. After I found a shiny silver pen in my fifthgrade classroom, I wanted to keep it, but Steve explained that it might be important to someone else. I returned the pen to my teacher, Mrs. Davids, and she praised me.Yet of all the instructions Steve gave me, his respect for life is the most vivid in my mind. When I was twelve, I killed an old brown sparrow in the yard with a BB gun. Excited with my accuracy, I screamed to Steve to come from the house to take a look. I shall never forget the way he stood for a long moment and stared at the bird on the ground. Then in a dead, quiet voice, he asked, “Did it hurt you first, Mark？” I didn't know what to answer. He continued with his eyes firm，“ The only time you should even think of hurting a living thing is whether it hurts you first. And then you think a long, long time. ”I really felt terribl e then, but that moment stands out as the most important lesson my brother taught me.5．What does the underlined word “confess” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Cover. B．Admit.C．Deny. D．Agree.6．How did the author feel when he faced Mrs. Holt?A．He was unwilling.B．He felt frightened.C．He appeared challenging.D．He was lighthearted.7．Which was the most important lesson the author learned from his brother?A．Care for the property of others.B．The value of honesty.C．Responsibility for one's actions.D．Respect for living things.8．What technique does the author mainly use to organize the text?A．Time order. B．Cause and effect.C．Examples. D．Logical reasoning.CI first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn't want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.9．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A．Paul Newman wanted it.B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.C．He wasn't famous enough.D．The director recommended someone else.10．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A．They were of the same age.B．They worked in the same theater.C．They were both good actors.D．They had similar characteristics.11．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Their belief.B．Their care for children.C．Their success.D．Their support for each other.12．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A．To show his love of films.B．To remember a friend.C．To introduce a new movie.D．To share his acting experience.DMinutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater's 75year history.This time，however，the cleanup was a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater.Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building.Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete.He added that the theater's location (位置) was also a reason.“This used to be the center of town，”he said.“Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turningthe old theater into a museum and public meeting place.However，these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said goodbye as Bradford locked t he doors for the last time.After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie.The theater will be missed.13．In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special?A．It made room for new equipment.B．It signaled the closedown of the theater.C．It was done with the help of the audience.D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.14．Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A．It was an alltime classic.B．It was about the history of the town.C．The audience requested it.D．The theater owner found it suitable.15．What will probably happen to the building?A．It will be repaired.B．It will be turned into a museum.C．It will be knocked down.D．It will be sold to the city government.16．What can we infer about the audience?A．They are disappointed with Bradford.B．They are sad to part with the old theater.C．They are supportive of the city officials.D．They are eager to have a shopping center.EAt least once each winter I manage to get a good flight in the middle of a snowstorm. Last Sunday was that flight. My gliding(滑翔的) partners had looked at the weather reports of showers and decided to stay at home. People say that you shouldn't fly by yourself, but on that day I felt the urge to go flying and so headed for my favorite gliding site.I had the mounta in ridge to myself. After a smooth liftoff, I floated stablyin the breeze, feeling at peace with myself and the world. I looked across the valley to Bedford and a moment later saw the town disappear in a band of snow that was moving towards me.The breeze remained strong enough for flying and I knew that as long as the visibility was good, it was OK for me to stay in the air. The snow moved in and swirled around me. It was a light dry snow. The day was already very quiet but, somehow, the light snow made it even more silent. I felt like a snowflake.Two bald eagles joined me. They didn't pay me any attention and spent a few minutes flying around the ridge before disappearing. I flew through another band of snow. I had been flying for about 45 minutes when I next looked across the valley.I could see there were more bands of snow to come and the breeze was dying too.It was time to go home, get in a hot bath and warm up. I couldn't wait to tell my gliding partners that they had missed out on a perfect flight.17．Why did the author's gliding partners refuse to fly on that day?A．They preferred to fly alone.B．The weather did not permit.C．They did not like winter flights.D．The equipment was not adequate.18．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “visibility” in Paragraph 3?A．Weather. B．Skill.C．Possibility. D．View.19．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The bald eagle can cause damage to the author's flight.B．The author will land and go home after the snow stops.C．Brand of snow will be a great threat to the author's flight.D．The author will hesitate to share his experience with his partners.20．What could be the best title for the article?A．The First Flight AloneB．A NarrowEscape FlightC．One NeverAgain FlightD．An Impressive Winter Flight第二部分阅读明白得技巧与体裁演练课时10 阅读明白得体裁解读(1)—记叙文【体裁演练】【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。
高考英语二轮复习 闯关导练 第二部分 阅读理解技巧与体裁演练 课时15 阅读理解七选五(1)
课时15 阅读理解七选五(1)一、题型特点阅读理解七选五主要考查对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑的理解和掌握。
七选五以考查细节理解为主。
文章以说明文和议论文居多，且结构清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。
短文的特点如下：(1)选材特点：短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240词左右，选项词数60词左右；(2)篇章结构常为：提出问题——解决问题；(3)七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类；(4)选项均为完整句子，句型不一；(5)顺序通常按长度排列。
二、解题技巧1．通读全文快速浏览文章，寻找主题句，弄清文章结构及文章内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首句及末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式较为常见。
首段一般是全文的主题所在，说明文章将探讨的内容，并会简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。
掌握首句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果首句是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有一个整体的了解。
如果首句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。
这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需要在文章中的其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
2．略读段落在短时间内找出每段的关键词。
明确各段的主题句或段落大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干段落。
各段落会围绕文章主题展开，对文章主题从不同的方面进行叙述。
找出各个段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为解答题目作好铺垫。
3．定位选项明确各备选项的含义，抓往其中的关键词语，根据文章结构与具体内容将选项填入文中，填写时要注意各选项中出现的衔接性标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空白所在段落的上、下段的写作内容，以及空白所在段落上段的尾句和下一段的首句。
将所选选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语意及逻辑上的一致关系，是否符合该处语境，能否使文章无论在内容还是衔接上都连贯。
2018届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时14阅读理解体裁解读(
课时14 阅读理解体裁解读(5)—应用文【体裁解读】应用文指在平时工作和生活中使用的文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是表达性应用文，比如书信、日志、条子、报告、请柬等；另一类是说明性应用文，包含广告、启事、海报、守则、通告、条约、个人简历、备忘录、纲要等。
近来几年一般高考英语试题主要波及宣传广告、通告类应用文，自然有时也出现了书信类文章；其文章体现形式多样，除了文字外还有图表、图片、表格、地址、网址等。
高考英语阅读理解应用文的命题特色：1．应用文种类文章，语言精练，一般来说和所述问题没关的文字不会出现，比如好多文章没有标题，很多文章甚至通篇都没有一句完好的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来代替。
2．就其用词来看，文章中充满着大批冗长而冷僻的专闻名词，比如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书本名、作品名等等，并且均没有汉语说明。
3．应用文的行文方式，每种文体都有其固定的格式。
表达性应用文采纳一般记述文的写作方法，无特别之处：说明性应用文的行文是摆列式——即以小标题为单位逐个下行摆列。
4．高考英语应用文的设问一般依据文章段落的次序挨次设置。
设问内容一般以细节题为主，也兼有咨询短文出处和写作企图的题Wherecanyoumostprobablyfind目。
比如：thisarticle/passage?Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?体裁操练(2017·全国新课标Ⅰ)VisitPacificScienceCenter'sStoreDon'tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouare heretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourstoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.◆Hungry?Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmind ，butwhataboutyourbody ？Ourcaféoffersacomplete menuoflunch andsnackoptions，in additionto caféislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbef orePacificScienceCentercloses.RentalInformationLockers areavailable tostore anybelongings during your lockers are locatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuildingandwheelchairs areavailable torent attheInformation DeskandDennyWay required.SupportPacificScienceCenterSince1962，PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(热忱)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience ，mathand ，PacificScience Center serves morethanmillion peopleayearandbrings inquiry-basedscience education toclassrooms andcommunityeventsall overWashingtonState.It's anamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals ，corporations ，and other social tofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.1．WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A．InBuilding1.B．InBuilding3.C．AttheLaserDome.D．AttheDennyWayentrance.2．WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools?A．Trainscienceteachers.B．Distributesciencebooks.C．Inspirescientificresearch.D．Takesciencetotheclassroom.3．Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A．Toencouragedonations.B．Toadvertisecomingevents.C．Tointroducespecialexhibits.D．TotellabouttheCenter'shistory.【能力提高】AInthecomingmonths，wearebringingtogetherartiststoenjoyspeakingShakesp eare'splaysintheirownlanguagethearchitectureShakes pearewrotecomeandjoinus.fromall overtheglobe，，inourGlobe ，withinNationalTheatreofChina Beijing|ChineseThis great occasion (嘉会)will betheNational Theatre of China's first visittothecompany'sproductionsshowthenewfaceof21stcenturyChineseproduction of Shakespeare's Richard Ⅲ will be directed by the2National'sAssociateDirector ，WangXiaoying.Date&Time：Saturday28&Sunday29April ，&MarjanishviliTheatre Tbilisi|GeorgianOneofthemostfamoustheatresinGeorgia，theMarjanishvili，foundedin1928，appearsregularlyattheatrefestivalsalloverthenewproduc tionofAsYouLike Itishelmed(指导)bythecompany'sArtisticDirectorLevanTsuladze.Date&Time：Friday18&Saturday19DeafinitelyTheatre London|BritishSignLanguage(BSL) Bytranslatingtherichandhumoroustextof Love'sLabour'sLostintothe physicallanguageofBSL ，DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare'scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafand hearingworldsby performingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.Date&Time：Tuesday22&Wednesday23HabimaNationalTheatre TelAviv|HebrewTheHabimaisthecentre ofHebrew-language theatre world-wide.Founded inMoscow afterthe1905revolution ，thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.Since 1958，they havebeenrecognised asthenational theatre of productionofShakespeare's TheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.Date&Time：Monday28&Tuesday291．WhichplaywillbeperformedbytheNationalTheatreofChina?A．Richard Ⅲ.B．Love'sLabour'sLost.C．AsYouLike It.D．TheMerchantofVenice.2．WhatisspecialaboutDeafinitelyTheatre?A．Ithastwogroupsofactors.B．ItistheleadingtheatreinLondon.C．ItperformsplaysinBSL.D．Itisgoodatproducingcomedies.3．WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew?A．OnSaturday28April. B．OnSunday29April.3C．OnTuesday22May.D ．OnTuesday29May.BSanFranciscoFireEngineToursSanFranciscoWineryTourRunning：February1stthroughApril30th ThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstop atthefamousWineryyoucanenjoy4poursofsome ofthebest wineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Includedinticketprice)DepartingfromtheCannery ：TourtimesuponrequestDuration( 时长)：2hoursPrice：$90BacktotheFiftiesTourRunning：August16ththroughAugust31stThistourtransports youbackin timetooneof SanFrancisco's mostfantastic periods，the1950s!EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream. DepartingfromtheCannery ：5：00pmand7：30pmDuration：2hoursPrice：$90SpookyHalloweenTourRunning：October10ththroughOctober31stJoin usfor aride through thehistorical fire gear(服饰)isprovidedforyourwarmthasourentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpart sofSanFrancisco.DepartingfromtheCannery ：6：30pmand8：30pmDuration：1hourand30minutesPrice：AvailableuponrequestHolidayLightsTourRunning：December6ththroughDecember23rdThisattractive tour takes youtosomeofSanFrancisco's mostcheerful holidayfiregearisprovidedforyourwarmth asyouget into theholidayspirit.DepartingfromtheCannery ：7：00pmand9：00pmDuration：1hourand30minutes4Advancereservationsrequired.4．WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?A．SanFranciscoWineryTour.B．BacktotheFiftiesTour.C．SpookyHalloweenTour.D．HolidayLightsTour.5．WhatcantouristsdoonBacktotheFiftiesTour?A．GotoTreasureIsland.B．Enjoytheholidayscenes.C．Havefreeicecream.D．VisitthePresidiodistrict. 6．WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonHolidayLightsTour?A．Takesomedrinks.B．Setoffearlyinthemorning.C．Wearwarmclothes.D．Makereservationsinadvance.CTerrafugiaMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight ，bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.The vehicle —namedtheTransition —hastwoseats，four wheelsandwingsthat fold upsoit canbedriven like acar.TheTransition ，whichflew at1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth ，canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115inthefliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourinthetheground ，itgets35milespergallon.Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale，andthosenumberswill likely riseafter Terrafugia introduces theTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutodon't expectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It'sexpectedtocostitwon'thelpifyou'restuckincarneedsarunway. Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s ，accordingtoRobertMann，anairline Mannthinks Terrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflying cara governmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicle toTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafety5standards.MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration'sdecision fiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft，whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargersaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcompl ete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition ，arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.7．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B．Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C．Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D．ThedesignersoftheTransition.8．WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?A．Itcausestrafficjams.B ．Itisdifficulttooperate.C．Itisveryexpensive.D ．Itburnstoomuchfuel.9．Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A．Cautious.B ．Favorable.C．Ambiguous.D ．Disapproving.10．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．FlyingCaratAutoShowB．TheTransition'sFirstFlightC．Pilots'DreamComingTrueD．FlyingCarClosertoRealityDAGuidetotheUniversityFoodTheTWUCafeteriaisopen7amtoservessnacks,drinks,icecreambarsandcanpaywithcashory ourIDcanaddmealmoneytoyourIDcardsattheFrontifyoudonotbuyyourfoodinthecafeteria ,youcanusethetablestoeatyourlunch,tohavemeetingsandtostudy.Ifyouareoncampusintheeveningorlateatnight,youcanbuysnacks,fastfood,anddrinksintheLowerCafélocatedinthebottomleveloftheGouglasareaisoftenused forentertainmentsuchasconcerts,gamesorTVwatching.Relaxation6TheGlobe,locatedinthebottomlevelofMcMillanHall,isavailableforrelaxing,studying ,cooking,andactivitiesareheldhereforallinternationalare10amto10pm,closedonSund ays.HealthLocatedonthetopfloorofDouglasHall,theWellnessCentreiscommittedtophysical,emotionalandsocialdoctorandnurseisavailableifyouhavehealth questions orneedimmediate medical help orpersonal advice.The cost ofthisisincludedinyourmedicalareMondaytoFriday,9amtonoonand1：00to4 ：30pm.AcademicSupport AllstudentshaveaccesstotheWritingCentreontheupperfloorofDouglasHall.Here, qualified volunteers will work with you onwritten work, grammar,vocabulary,andotheracademiccansignupforanappointmentonthesign-upsheetoutsidethedoortwo30-minuteappointmentsperweekserviceisfree. TransportationTheTWUExpressisashuttle(班车)shuttletransportsstudentsbetweencampusandtheshoppingcenter,leavingfromtheMa ttsonhoursarebetween8amandtripfareis$1. 11．WhatcanyoudointheTWUCafeteria?A．DohomeworkandwatchTVB．BuydrinksandenjoyconcertsC．havemealsandmeetwithfriendsD．AddmoneytoyourIDandplaychess 12．Whereandwhencanyoucookyourownfood?A．TheMcMillanHall,Sunday.B．TheLowerCafé，Sunday.C．TheTWUCafeteria,Friday.D．TheGlobe,Friday.13．TheGuidetellsusthattheWellnessCentre________.A．isopensixdaysaweekB．givesadviceonmentalhealthC．trainsstudentsinmedicalcareD．offersservicesfreeofcharge714．HowcanyouseekhelpfromtheWritingCenter?A．Byfillinginasign-upformB．ByapplyingonlineC．BycallingthecenterD．BygoingtothecenterdirectlyETakingatrip toPhiladelphia canberewarding experience orabsolute disasters italldependsonpre-triphomework.Tomakeplanningeasier,HuffingtonPostTr avelSeriesrecommendsattractionsforthoseplanningPhiladelphiafamilyvacations.ThePhiladelphiaMuseum ofArtLocated on26h StreetandBenjaminFranklinParkway,thePhiladelphiaMuseumofArtfeaturesmorethan225,000piecesinitsvastcollection, datingbacktot he fir stcenturyA．D.Guestscandiscovermodernartexhibits,clothingcollectionsgatheredthroughouttimeandclassicposters.Audiotoursarea lsoavailable.Price:adults,$16;children12to17,$12;children11an dunder,free.ThePleaseTouchMuseumThePleaseTouchMuseumon4231AvenueoftheRepublicofferskidsthec hancet o explore,discover andlearn nafunenvironment.Themuseumfeaturessixinteractivezoneswherekidsandparentsareencouragedtoplayandl earnaboutsc ience,theenvironmentandmore.ExhibitsincludeFlightFantasy,wherekidslearnaboutflyingmachines,andRiverAdventures,whichteacheskidsaboutscience,natureandweather.Price:adults,$15;childrenundertheageof 1,freeThePhiladelphiaZooThePhilad elphiaZoositsona42-acreVictoriangarden.Thezoofeatures1,300ani mals,includinganumberofrareandendangeredspecies.Whilevisitingthezoofa miliescanseebigcats,zebras,giraffes,endangeredturtlespeciesandpenguins.Thezooalsoinc ludesridesforkids,suchasaRainforestCarouselandCamelSafari.Price:Adults,$18;children2to12,$15;childrenyoung erthan2,free.TheFranklinInstituteTheFranklinInstituteisPhiladelphia'smajorsciencemuseum ,andoneoftheol dest ntheUnitedStates.Themuseumoffersgueststhechancetoexperienceflightsim ulator(模拟器)andskybikes.ThefirstflooroffersalargeKidScienceexhibit,8wherechildrendiscoversciencethroughafictionaljourney.Thesecondfloorfeaturesair shows.Price:Adults,$12;children4to11,$12. 15．OneofthefeaturesofthePhiladelphiaMuseumofArtisthat________. A．visitorshaveaccesstoRiverAdventures B．visitorscanlearnaboutexhibitsusingpre-recordedvoiceintroductionsC．ithasthecheapestadmissionfeesforadults D．itofferskidstourridestoseemoreendangeredanimals 16．ThePleaseTouchMuseumdiffersfromtheothersmainlybecause________. A．itboastsanumberofrareandendangeredspecies B．ithasalargecollectionofclothingC．itcombineslearningwithpleasureD．itincludesalargekidscienceexhibit 17．Teenagersinterestedinaircraftwillmostlikelytovisitboth________. A．thePhiladelphiaMuseumofArtandthePleaseTouchMuseumB．thePleaseTouchMuseumand theFranklinInstituteC．thePhiladelphiaMuseumofArtandtheFranklinInstitute D．thePhiladelphiaZooandthePleaseTouchMuseum 18．WhichgroupdoestheTravelSeriesmainlytarget?A.FamilieswithkidsB.Newly-marriedcouplesC.IndividualvisitorsD.Museumlovers9课时14 阅读理解体裁解读(5)—应用文【体裁操练】【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文——太平洋科学中心旅行指南。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时15阅读理解七选五一、题型特点阅读理解七选五主要考查对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑的理解和掌握。
七选五以考查细节理解为主。
文章以说明文和议论文居多，且结构清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。
短文的特点如下：(1)选材特点：短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240词左右，选项词数60词左右；(2)篇章结构常为：提出问题——解决问题；(3)七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题句类、过渡句类、细节类；(4)选项均为完整句子，句型不一；(5)顺序通常按长度排列。
二、解题技巧1．通读全文快速浏览文章，寻找主题句，弄清文章结构及文章内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首句及末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式较为常见。
首段一般是全文的主题所在，说明文章将探讨的内容，并会简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。
掌握首句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果首句是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有一个整体的了解。
如果首句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。
这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需要在文章中的其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
2．略读段落在短时间内找出每段的关键词。
明确各段的主题句或段落大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干段落。
各段落会围绕文章主题展开，对文章主题从不同的方面进行叙述。
找出各个段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为解答题目作好铺垫。
3．定位选项明确各备选项的含义，抓往其中的关键词语，根据文章结构与具体内容将选项填入文中，填写时要注意各选项中出现的衔接性标志词。
在定位选项时，要特别注意空白所在段落的上、下段的写作内容，以及空白所在段落上段的尾句和下一段的首句。
将所选选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语意及逻辑上的一致关系，是否符合该处语境，能否使文章无论在内容还是衔接上都连贯。
一篇文章作为一个整体是有其写作的线索与思路的，在定位选项时，尤其要注意，文章的写作线索，文章写作思路的连贯性使文章的每个段落、每个句子都成为文章必不可少的一部分。
如果选项放入空白处后，文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其他选项。
4．通读复检将所选选项代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语意是否连贯，各段内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当，从而判断选择的选项是否正确。
同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
5．研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
【典题演练】(xx·全国新课标Ⅰ卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily.Campers，in my eyes，were people who enjoyed insect bites，illcooked meals，and unfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in mon with me.__1__The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.__2__ We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.I was，nevertheless，talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness.__3__ Instead，we had a popup camper with fortable beds and an air conditioner.My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.__4__ We have done a lot of it since.Recently，we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer plete with a bathroom an d a builtin TV set.There is a separate bedroom，a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.__5__ It must be true that sooner or later，everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I remend that you find your way in style.A．This time there was no tent.B．Things are going to be improved.C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then，however.E．I must say that I have certainly e to enjoy camping.F．After the trip，my family became quite interested in camping.G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.【能力提升】A根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
The iPhone, the iPad, each of Apple's products sounds cool and has bee a fad (一时的风尚). __1__ And many other brands are following suit. The BBC's iPlayer—which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet—adopted the title in xx. A lovely bear—popular in the US and UK—that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”. __2__In general, singleletter prefixes(前缀) have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as email and emerce first came into use.Most “i” products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of Independent's “i”，it's no surprise that they've selected this fashionable name.__3__ Why not use “a”，“b”，or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language Center at King's College, London, “i” works because its meaning has bee ambiguous. When Apple uses “i”， no one knows whether it means Internet, infor mation, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. “Even when Apple created the iPod, it seems it didn't have one clear definition，” he says.“However, thanks to Apple, the term is now associated with portability (轻便) .”adds Thorne.__4__ Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for this reason.Along with “Google” and “blog”，readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have e to define the last decade.But as history shows, people grow tired of fads(时尚). From the 1900s to 1990s,products with “2000” in their names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern. __5__.A．But it's hard to see what's so special about the letter “i”.B．The letter “b” replaces letter “i” to name the products.C．Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” .D．However, as we entered the new century, the trend inevitably disappeared.E．Nowadays, the “i” term often reminds people of the products which are environmentally friendly.F．A version of London's Independent newspaper was launched last week under the name “i”．G．Clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual.B根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。