【语文】湖南省澧县一中2014届高三高考模拟考试(二)
湖南省2014届高三联考语文试卷(含答案)
湖南201 4届高三联考卷（综合试卷二）语文长沙市第一中学周玉龙（考试范围：全部内容）本试题卷共7道大题，21道小题，共8页。
时量150分钟，满分150分。
一、语言文字运用（12分。
每小题3分）1．下列各组词语中，字形和加点字的读音完全正确的一组是A．讣告(fù) 撩拨(líao) 戒牒噤若寒蝉B．乘势(chěng) 忖度(cǔn) 简牍接踵而至C．剽悍(piāo) 折耗(shé) 经籍飘洋过海D．古刹(chà) 濒危(bīn) 惊蜇徇私枉法2．下列各项中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是( )A.虽然莫言其貌不扬，但是熟悉他的人都知道他不仅博学多识，而且品行高洁，大有光风霁月的襟怀。
B．不滥施刑罚，不因言获罪，即使一人犯法，也不搞朋坐族诛，这才是法制社会应有的基本准则和精神气度。
C．在北纬30度线上，奇观绝景俯拾皆是，如中国的钱塘江大潮、巴比伦的“空中花园”、南美的玛雅文化。
D．笔、墨、纸、砚作为中国传统文化的代表性符号，它们虽然有着不同的发展轨迹，但殊途同归，都淋漓尽致地展现了中国古代书画艺术的神韵。
3．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是( )A.今年三月下旬以来，南方地区开始迎来大面积强对流天气。
本月8日、14日、19日，中央气象台连续发布暴雨蓝色预警，连绵的降水量给当地百姓的生活带来了许多不便和危险。
B．对于《中国汉字听写大赛》这样的文化节目，我们要悉心地培育其成长的土壤，而不是让它在舆论的疾风暴雨中夭折。
C．第九届中国音乐“金钟奖”的专家评委，对部分美声唱法和通俗唱法的选手赞不绝口，认为本届金钟奖竞赛水平高，选手的发展值得期待。
D．长沙市对居住区违法建筑的查处实行联合认定、约谈教育、冻结房产、媒体曝光和强制拆除。
今年3月至今，长沙市已拆除居住区内违法建筑2172处。
4．依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是( ) 我想象那枫桥流水潺潺，有一二客船在桥畔停泊；。
2014湖南省澧县一中高三高考模拟考试(二)英语试题含答案
湖南省澧县一中2014届高三高考模拟考试（二）英语试卷时量：120分钟总分：150分PartⅠListening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11. What are the speakers having?A. Fish.B. Beef.C. Chicken.2. What does the woman say about the dish?A. It tastes terrible.B. It is delicious.C.The sauce is pretty good.Conversation 23. What did the man do on Sunday night?A. He made calls to his friends.B. He bought something expensive.C. He chatted with his friends online.4. What does the man invite the woman to do next weekend?A. Go surfing.B. Visit his house.C. Meet his friends.Conversation 35. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Neighbors.B. Husband and wife.C. Policeman and witness.6. What caused the fire?A. The rubbish.B. The curtain.C. The lamp.Conversation 47. Why does the man recommend another book?A. The book the woman wants has been lent out.B. There isn’t such a book as the woman wants.C. He wants to recommend a better one.8. What does the man say about the book he recommends?A. It is a classic.B. It tells a touching story.C. It was written by a famous writer.9. How long can the woman keep the same book within a year at most?A. Six weeks.B. Four weeks.C. Three weeks.Conversation 510. How does the woman feel about Tony’s marriage?A. Pleased.B. Surprised.C. Interested.11. Where did Tony go after he broke up with Sarah?A. To Liverpool.B. To London.C. To Leeds.12. Why did Tony come back to his hometown?A.To look for a job.B.To attend a wedding.C.To ask Sarah to marry him.Conversation 613. How old are the oldest paintings discovered?A. About 2, 000 years old.B. About 10,000 years old.C. About 20,000 years old.14. Where have the paintings of large animals been found?A. In northern France.B. In southern Spain.C. In northern Spain.15. What is one of the reasons the ancient people painted the pictures?A. To kill time.B. To attract animals.C. To record their life stories.Section B（7.5 marks）Directions：In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.PartⅡLanguage Knowledge (45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: Beneath each of the following unfinished sentences there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Example:The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coversD. to coverThe answer is A.21.The Winter Olympic Games ________ in Sochi, Russia in February, 2014 was also a greatparty for athletes from different countries.A. was heldB. being heldC. to be heldD. held22. Actually you can make learning English a process, ________ you can not only learn muchknowledge but also interesting cultures.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. what23.It won’t be thirty days_______ you graduate from No.1 Middle School , so please cherish what you have at themoment.A. sinceB. whileC. beforeD. that24. He has donated some money to those who ______in poverty, which ______of great help.A. live, isB. lives, areC. live, areD. lives, is25.You’d better not call the manager between 7 and 8 this evening, for he ________ animportant meeting then.A. will be havingB. would haveC. will haveD. will have had26. _____ we were worried about was _______ they could manage to control the pollution.A. That; howB. That; whetherC. What; thatD. What; whether27. Next door to ours _________, who seem to have settled into life in China.A. where live a foreign coupleB. where do live a foreign coupleC. live a foreign coupleD. do a foreign couple live28.There is no doubt that ________ a goal, one needs not only knowledge but also goodpersonalities.A. realizesB. realizingC. being realizedD. to realize29.Sometimes smiles around the world _________ be false, hiding other feelings like anger,fear or worry.A. canB. wouldC. shouldD. must30. --- How is the man injured in the accident?---- The doctor said if ________ in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.A. treatedB. treatingC. is treatedD. to be treated31. _________ at the restaurant before, Tom did not want to eat there again.A. To eatB. Having eatenC. EatD. Eating32. ________ Mr. Smith was the last man I wanted to see, I did all in my power to help him.A. BecauseB. Now thatC. WhileD. As33.Jim who is now our English teacher once ________ as a manager in an internationalcooperation for 5 years.A. has workedB. had workedC. was workingD. worked34. ---- What happened to you?---- I ________ in the street when someone patted me on the shoulder, which frightened me.A. was about to walkB. was walkingC. had walkedD. walk35. Wherever you prefer to work after graduation, ________ close contacts with your familymembers.A. keepB. keepingC. to keepD. keptSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context.I hadn’t even got a chance to enter the store before an African American woman approached me and asked if I would help her return an item. The item she has 36 was intended for her daughter, but she had already received a similar one. The lady 37 to exchange the item for something else in the store but she was told she needed an ID or the deal could not take place.I went to the 38 with the woman so we could use my ID. The sales associate immediately started 39 her of asking the first random(随意的) person she saw to help her. Although that was 40 , I didn’t understand why it mattered. After all, not everyone is given the opportunity to 41 an ID in this country.Then, we asked to speak with a manager, who explained that there was no way to return the item without a receipt and then went on to say the woman could not 42 she purchased the item in this store.―If I , a young white female, were to enter the store and request you to make an exchange without a receipt, I would not be 43 the privilege--- as I have proof from the past.‖ I said. He must have realized at that moment what he had done, because he 44 to exchange the item.There are many valuable lessons in the story. The first is to help a stranger in need. I hesitated when the woman asked for my help, but 45 in my head I asked myself, ―Why not? What valid reasons do I usuallyhave?‖ I had none, so I helped her.The second lesson is not to judge a book by its 46 . The woman looked poor, but she 47 the same treatment as anyone else does.36. A. purchased B. shown C. lost D. mended37. A. managed B. wanted C. refused D. promised38 .A. counter B. department C. market D. window39 .A. warning B. informing C. reminding D. accusing40. A. wrong B. true C. reasonable D. meaningful41 .A. leave B. pay C. find D. obtain42. A. answer B. prove C. support D. admit43 .A. ordered B. asked C. refused D. given44 .A. agreed B. prepared C. failed D. remembered45 .A. totally B. gradually C. hardly D. quickly46. A. design B. cover C. content D. price47 .A. deserved B. required C. received D. appreciatedSection C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.48 you asked high school girls to name their favorite sports, most would probably say basketball 49 volleyball. But I am one of the few women 50 would answer : surfing is my favorite sport. But isn’t that a man thing? Some people believe most boys don’t like this sport. I am 31 years old this year. I started surfing about five years ago and I fell in love with 51 on the very first day. Riding the first wave was 52 best feeling I had ever experienced. When I try to compare surfing 53 other things, I find it very difficult because, in my life of 31 years , there’s nothing like it that can train my courage and care. It involves body and life, 54 you must be careful when you are surfing. Because nobody knows 55 will happen.PartⅢReading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.ABelow are the top four supermarket chains in the world in 2012 and the reasons behind their success.TescoHeadquartered in Chestnut, United Kingdom , this global grocery store is one of the largest supermarket chains in terms of revenues and profits. If was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen. Tesco stores can be found across all continents. Even though it was set up only for food and beverages, Tesco has drastically branched out , not only in geographical terms, but also in terms of products. Which now include electronics , clothing, health care, home improvement and even financial services.SafewayFounded in the year 1915 by a young M. B, Skaggs. Safeway developed from just a small grocery store on the fundamentals of providing value to customers and narrow profit margins. The success story of Skaggs becomes more evident when , by the end of the year 1926,he he had opened almost 428 stores across ten states. Almost two years later, Safeway was listed at the New York Stock Exchange . At present, there are more than fifteen hundred Safeway stores across US and Canada.The Kroger CompanyFounded at Cincinnati, Ohio in 1883 by Mr. Bernard Kroger, the Kroger Company is now one of the largestsupermarket chains not only in the US. but across the world . Over the last couple of decades, the Kroger Company has vastly expanded by acquiring popular brand names, including those of Owen’s Market. Its stores are largely spread out across Middle. Western and Central United States.Reve-GruppeReve – Gruppe was founded in 1927 and is presently headquartered at Cologne, Germany . This supermarket chain is easily counted among the top supermarket chains of the world . Its vast line of products includes grocery, home improvement, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, optical as well as clothing . Its stores can be found in as many as fourteen European countries, providing employment to more than 325,000 people.56. Which of the following was founded first ?A．Tesco. B．Safeway.C．The Kroger Company. D．Rewe-Gruppe.57. We can learn from the text that Safeway .A．was initially set up only for foodB．developed from a small grocery storeC．has about 3,500 stores nowD．has branches in fourteen European countries58. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Tesco was founded four years earlier than Safeway.B. Tesco and Safeway are headquartered in the same country.C. Rewe - Gruppe provides financial services.D. Safeway was listed at the New York Stock Exchange around 1928.59. According to the passage, the Kroger Company .A．is presently headquartered in the United KingdomB．has fifteen stores in the US and CanadaC．developed quickly after acquiring popular brand namesD．provides employment for more than 325,000 people60. What is the topic of the passage?A．An introduction to four top supermarket chains around the world.B．The history of four top supermarkets chains.C．The background of four supermarket chains.D．The most profitable supermarket chains in the world.BNelson Mandela was a figure of international fame，and many details of his life and career were public knowledge．But here are some things you may not have known about him．In his youth，Mandela enjoyed boxing．Even during the 27 years he spent in prison，he would exercise every morning．―I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it．Boxing is equal．I never did any real fighting after I entered politics．My main interest was in training，‖he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom．Among the memorabilia in the Mandela Family Museum in Soweto，visitors can find the world championship belt given to Mandela by American boxer Sugar Ray Leonard.Rolihlahla Mandela was nine years old when a teacher at the primary Methodist school where he was studying, gave him an English name—Nelson—in accordance with the custom to give all school children Christian names．Rolihlahla is not a common name in South Africa．It means ―troublemaker‖．His circumcision name wasDalibunga，meaning ―founder of the Bunga‖．However, in South Africa, Mr. Mandela was often called by his clan(宗族)name—Madiba—which South Africans used out of respect．After going underground because of his ANC activities，Mr. Mandela’s ability to evade(躲避)the securities services earned him the nickname ―the black Pimpernel‖，after the novel The Scarlet Pimpernel，about a hero with a secret identity．A fake(伪造的)passport in the name of David Motsamayi was used by Mr. Mandela. He had disguised himself as a driver，a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities．Mr Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939，failing about half the courses he took．In August 1952，he and Oliver Tambo established South Africa’s first black law firm，Mandela and Tambo，in Johannesburg．He persevered to finally secure a law degree while in prison in 1989．61.Why did Nelson Mandela become a boxing fan?A．He enjoyed the violence of boxing．B．He wanted to take the championship．C．He desired to enjoy the training．D．He hoped to find a better job．62.Which of the following is true of Mandela’s name?A．His original name was not Nelson．B．His parents gave him the name—Nelson．C．Rolihlahla is a popular name in South Africa．D．Madiba was his Christian name．63.What made people call Mr. Mandela ―the black Pimpernel‖?A．His ability to escape from being caught．B．His underground activities in ANC．C．His pressure given by the authorities．D．The novel’s hero with a secret identity．64.Mr Mandela made a fake passport to_____．A．travel around the country B．escape from the authoritiesC．disguise himself as an actor D．go abroad easily65.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A．It took Mr. Mandela over fifty years to get a law degree．B．Mr. Mandela set up South Africa’s first law firm．C．Mr. Mandela got his law degree after being released from prison．D．Mr. Mandela was a determined person．CHow can we measure animals’emotions? A new study of animal’s emotions suggests that, as in humans, emotions can tell animals about how dangerous their world is, and guide the choices that they make. The article of the study by Bristol University’s professor Mike Mendl was published online.An animal living in an environment where it is often threatened by predators(捕食者）will develop a negative emotion or ―mood‖, such as anxiety. However, one in an environment with plenty of opportunities to get resources for survival will be in a more positive mood state.The researchers say that these emotional states not only show the animal’s experiences, but also help it decide how to make choices, especially in unclear situations. This could have good or bad results. An animal in a negative mood state will make a safety-first with a ―pessimistic‖ response to an unclear event. For example, it considers a noise in the grass as a signal of the predator. At the same time, an animal in a positive mood state will benefit froma more ―optimistic‖ response. It considers the noise as a signal of prey(猎物）.Professor Mike Mendl, head of the Animal Welfare and Behavior Research Group at Bristol University’s School of Clinical Veterinary Science said, ―We can use ―optimistic‖or ―pessimistic‖decision-making as a symbol of an animal’s emotional state. Recent studies by our group and others suggest that this is a meritorious new approach to studying a variety of animal species.‖―Public interest in animal welfare remains high, with widespread concern about the way in which animals are treated, used and included in society. To understand how animals should be treated, we need to better understand their emotional lives,‖Mike Mendl said. The researchers believe Mike Mendl’s study can help them to better understand and assess an animal’s emotions.66.When an animal is in a negative mood state, _______.A. its response to an unclear event is pessimisticB. it will pay little attention to an unclear eventC. it is easy for it to make right decisionsD. it has more opportunities to get food67.The underlined word ―meritorious‖ in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by ―_______‖.A. valuableB. uselessC. fashionableD. hopeless68. We can infer from the passage that ________.A. the animals with positive emotions live longerB. there is no way to assess an animal’s emotionsC. few people care about animal welfare nowadaysD. the environment can influence animal’s emotions69.Mike Mendl advised people to better understand animal’s emotions in order to _____.A. tell people to build more protected areas for animalsB. explain animals should be regarded as people’s friendsC. raise people’s interest in studying animalsD. make people know how to treat animals properly70. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Different kinds of Animals’ EmotionsB. Emotions Helps Animals to Make ChoiceC. The Living Environment of Wild AnimalsD. The Best Way to Measure Animals’ EmotionsPartⅣWriting (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.The X- Factor (英国偶像), Britain's got talent（英国达人）, American Idol（美国偶像）and Super girl, TV talent shows are popular all over the world.There are many reasons for that. To start with, the show can make the contestant(选手) famous overnight. Susan Boyle was an ordinary English woman before she appeared on Brit ain’s Got t alent, in which she sang ―I Dreamed a Dream‖. The video clip (片段) of her performance was viewed more than 50 million times within a few weeks. Second, the show offers a good opportunity to display one’s talents. Third, everybody has a fair chan ce to be involved in the show regardless of the age and background. Even if you can’t perform in the show, you can vote for your favorite contestant through cell phones and the Internet. Fourth, the fun and humorous style alsoappeals to young people. Last but not least, the modern media such as TV and the Internet contributes greatly to its rapid popularity.However, many people express concerns about TV talent shows. They argue that the TV talent show misleads the young people and makes them believe that they can become famous overnight. Some think the show only creates entertainers rather than artists, because many winners have little idea about real music and acting. What’s worse, some judges even humiliate (羞辱) and laugh at contestants. One contestant from American Idol committed suicide because she couldn’t stand the rejection and humiliation. Even the winners suffer. Susan Boyle suffered a nervous breakdown soon after the show, because she was unable to deal with the pressure.Many countries have realized the problems and taken some steps to regulate the show. The UK requires that contestants younger than 16 not be allowed to participate. China bans TV talent shows to be broadcast during the prime time. In the USA, some insulting judges are punished.Section B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.(Reuters) —At least 115 miners were pulled alive from a flooded coal mine in north China after being trapped for over a week, eating bark to survive, prompting extremely happy officials to hail their survival a miracle.Officials said 153 miners were trapped in the unfinished Wangjialing mine, belonging to two of China's larger state-owned firms in Xiangning, Shanxi Province, after water gushed (喷, 涌) into the shafts last Sunday.Late on Sunday night and throughout Monday, the survivors were pulled out from a platform, where the rescuers had drilled a vertical hole to ensure oxygen in the water-flooded pit and send down bags of glucose (葡萄糖). Thirty-eight miners were still missing."It is a miracle," said Luo Lin, head of the State Administration of Work Safety. "The trapped miners stayed so firmly determined down the mine shaft, passing through eight days and eight nights to live." The workers alsosurvived by eating bark from pine wood used in building the mines, Chinese television said.The government had succeeded in encouraging thousands of rescue workers to pump out water and search for the miners. After that, the water level dropped low enough for rescue workers to enter the shaft.It was rare good news in China's dangerous coal-mining industry, the deadliest in the world with thousands killed every year in floods, explosions, collapses and other accidents. Shanxi Province is the heartland of that industry.Strong demand for energy and not strict safety standards have made China's mines often deadly places to work, despite a government drive to clamp down on (对……进行压制或取缔) small, unsafe operations where most accidents occur.Workers are tempted into (被诱惑去) the mines by wages that can be much higher than for many other jobs open to blue-collar workers and rural migrants.China has consolidated (合并) or taken over many private mines, which has helped cut accidents. According to official statistics, the number of people killed in Chinese coal mines dropped to 2,631 in 2009, an average of sevena day, from 3,215 in 2008. But the deadliest accidents are not limited to private firms.81. According to the second paragraph, what caused the serious accident? (no more than 6 words)_____________________________________________________________________82. How did the rescuers manage to send down oxygen and bags of glucose into the pit? (no more than 5 words)_____________________________________________________________________83. According to the passage, what measures does the government take to help cut accidents? (no more than 13 words)_____________________________________________________________________84. What is the news about? (no more than 12 words)_____________________________________________________________________Section C (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.You never know what you can till you try.请你根据这句话来记叙生活中发生的一件事，并谈谈你对这句谚语的理解。
湖南省澧县第一中学高三二模语文试题(Word版,含答案)
2022高一生物知识点生物是高中学习中的一门重要学科，它涉及生命的起源、进化、结构、功能以及生态系统等内容。
下面将为大家介绍2022年高一生物学的重要知识点。
知识点一：细胞1. 细胞的结构组成：细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核。
2. 细胞的种类：原核细胞和真核细胞。
3. 细胞的功能：呼吸、合成、分解、排泄等。
4. 细胞的分裂：有丝分裂和无丝分裂。
知识点二：遗传与进化1. DNA的结构：核苷酸、双螺旋结构。
2. 基因的功能：遗传信息的携带者。
3. 遗传规律：孟德尔遗传规律（显性和隐性）、多基因遗传和基因互作、基因突变等。
4. 进化论：达尔文进化论、遗传变异与自然选择。
知识点三：生物的分类1. 生物的分类等级：界、门、纲、目、科、属、种。
2. 分类的依据：形态特征、生物学特征、进化关系等。
3. 动植物的分类：植物门的分类（被子植物、裸子植物等）、动物门的分类（脊椎动物、无脊椎动物等）。
知识点四：植物生长发育1. 植物营养器官：根、茎、叶。
2. 光合作用：光反应、暗反应、光合产物的利用和转运等。
3. 植物激素：生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素等。
知识点五：人体生物学1. 循环系统：心脏、血管和血液的循环。
2. 呼吸系统：呼吸道、肺和气体交换。
3. 消化系统：口腔、食道、胃、肠和消化酶。
4. 神经系统：神经元、神经传导和感觉器官。
知识点六：生物技术1. 基因工程：转基因技术、克隆技术等。
2. 生物制药：基因药物、生物制剂等。
3. 生物材料：生物降解材料、生物复合材料等。
知识点七：生态学1. 群落与生态系统：生物群落、食物链、食物网和生态圈。
2. 生态平衡：自然平衡、人为干扰与生态平衡破坏。
3. 生态环境保护：生态足迹、生态建设、环境保护法律等。
以上就是2022年高一生物学的重要知识点。
通过对这些知识点的学习和掌握，同学们可以更好地理解生命的本质和生物之间的关系，为今后深入学习生物学打下坚实的基础。
希望同学们能够充分利用好学校提供的教育资源，更加深入地探索和理解生命科学的奥秘。
2014年高考语文课标卷模拟试题参考答案
（2）从前汉高祖仅能统领十 万军队，李景隆有什么才能， 他的部众正好可以成为我的 军资了！。 （5分，“止”“何 才”“适”“资”各1分，句 意1分）
（二）（11分）8、（5分）
①前四句表现下层人民的饥寒和后 四句表现上层社会的糜烂的对比； （1分）②前四句中表现的下层人民 辛苦劳作的现实和本应过上温饱生 活的情理之间的推理对比；（2分） ③后四句中假设燕赵美女变成丑妇， 笑值千金变成笑不值钱之间的转化 对比。（2分）
（3）不好。（1分）用第二人称
“你”和第一人称对应起来，更 便于“我”讲述七个小板凳的故 事，也更便于表达“我”的真情 实感；（2分）用第二人称“你”拉
近了主人公和读者的距离，就好像一 位长者在你面前讲故事，让人感到亲 切。（2分）第三人称“他”一般用 于客观叙述，达不到这样的效果。 （1分）
（4）我认同“我”借七个小板凳对 “你”进行了深刻的思想教育。（2分） ①艰苦岁月中的相互扶持和关爱是一 笔宝贵的精神财富。（2分）②在物质 财富丰富的今天，也要学会珍惜并传 递这笔宝贵的精神财富，学会感恩。 （2分）③这样家庭才会和谐温馨，人 们才不会成为金钱和物质的奴隶。（2 分）
四、12、（25分）
（1）
BC（3分、2分）
（2） ①当许多学子留在法国巴黎“呼吸浓郁的 艺术气息”时，吴冠中选择了回国。②上 世纪八九十年代，吴冠中《笔墨等于零》 等几篇言辞激烈的艺术文笔引发强烈纷议。 ③吴冠中大量焚烧自己不中意的画作。④ 吴冠中的逆耳言论由美术创作延伸到教育、 文化等领域。
三、（25分) 11、（25分）
（1）CE（3分、2分）
（2）①“我”在艰苦岁月中，关爱 体贴家人，营造亲情氛围，关心孩 子成长，在过上新生活的当下，懂 得珍惜并希望儿子能够传递这份精 神财富。②“你”虽经历过艰苦岁 月，但那时还懵懂无知，在优裕的 生活状态下，追求物质享受，却忽 略了美好情感的继承和传递。 （每点3分，共6分）
2014届高三语文模拟题(上学期中段)参考答案
2013学年第一学期高三调研测试（二）语文参考答案与评分标准附：选择题答案说明①召集（官员）商议打算稍稍减少盐税数额，来缓解百姓的压力。
（3分）[3分。
译对“损”与“纾”各1分，译对大意1分。
损：减少；纾：缓解宽舒。
]②如今死亡、迁移的人已经很多，难道重视更改已经有的户籍却轻易放弃百姓的性命吗！（4分）[4分。
“徙”“顾”“成籍”各1分，译对大意1分。
徙：迁移；顾：难道；成籍：已经有的户籍。
]（2）本题考查考生理解分析文言文意的能力；能力层级C。
事例一：将减少的盐税转移到浙江西部，分派到商贾聚集的州县。
（移其所赋，散于商旅之所聚。
）事例二：在王艮的努力下，海运船只被大风所损坏的，予以核实后扣除粮食的数额。
（运船为风所败者，当核实除其数）事例三：王艮力争行省采纳自己的建议，将安福州多征的田租全部免除。
（艮到官，首言：“是州之粮，比元经理已增一千一百余石，岂复有欺隐诡寄者乎？准宪司所拟可也。
”行省用艮言，悉蠲之。
）[3分。
每个事例各1分。
]附：参考译文：王艮，字止善，是绍兴诸暨人。
他崇尚气节，读书务求明白其中的道理以达到应用于实际的目的，不随便加以评论。
淮东廉访司征召他为书吏，调任淮西廉访司。
适逢朝廷下令监察部门一律革除南方士人，王艮于是就到两淮都转运盐使司做吏员，因任期达到了规定的期限，授任庐州录事判官。
淮东宣慰司征召他做令史，（王艮）因为廉洁能干而著称。
（王艮）历任建德县尹，又被任命为两淮转运盐使司经历。
绍兴路总管王克敬，认为按照人口数目征收盐税对百姓不利，曾经向行省建议，不见答复。
后来王克敬担任运盐转运使，召集官员商议打算稍稍减少盐税数额，来缓解百姓的压力。
阻挠这一建议的人认为有既定的户籍，不可更改。
王艮毅然说：“老百姓实际人数少而强行按照超过的人数多征盐税，如今迁移、死亡的人已经很多，难道重视更改已经有的户籍却轻易放弃百姓的性命吗！何况浙江西部的州县，商贾会集，也未曾按人口计算征税，将减少的盐税转移到浙江西部，分派到商贾聚集的州县，确实是一种好办法。
2014届高三第二次高考模拟考试语文试题
2014届高三第二次高考模拟考试语文试题考生注意：1．本试卷分第I卷（阅读题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。
第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
雾霾天气是一种重要的城市气象灾害，大部分严重的雾霾一旦形成往往很难消散，此类持续性雾霾天气对城市环境的危害往往尤其严重。
大范围雾霾天气主要出现在冷空气较弱和水汽条件较好的大尺度大气环流形势下，近地面低空为静风或微风。
由于雾霾天气的湿度较高，水汽较大，雾滴提供了吸附和反应场所，加速反应性气态污染物向液态颗粒物成分的转化，同时颗粒物也容易作为凝结核加速雾霾的生成，两者相互作用，迅速形成污染。
冷空气来临，风速增加，雾霾逐渐消散。
研究表明，雾霾天气的形成和发展与气象条件关系密切。
2013年12月初，一场罕见的大范围雾霾笼罩我国，从华北到东南沿海，覆盖了将近一半的国土，可谓来势汹汹：不仅有上海PM2．5指数直蹿到‚爆表‛，更有20多个省份、上百座大中城市同时遭遇雾霾的大范围来袭，甚至遵不少被称为‚好山好水好空气‛的城市也难以幸免。
中国气象局的数据显示，2013年全国平均雾霾天数为52年来之最。
气象专家表示，造成雾霾天气偏多、偏重的原因主要有以下三方面：一是影响我国的冷空气活动较常年偏弱，风速小，中东部大部地区稳定类大气条件出现频率明显偏多，易造成污染物在进地面层积聚，从而导致雾霾天气多发；二是我国冬季气溶胶背景浓度高，有利于催生雾霾．三是雾霾天气会使近地层大气更加稳定，会加剧雾霾发展，加重大气污染。
那么，该如何治理雾霾？减少污染源，削减大气污染物是解决雾霾的根本之道。
北京市经济信息化姿副主任李洪说，据《关于北京市空气重污染日应急方案》，在2013年重点减排企业中，北京共有58家企业实现了停产，完全切断了污染源；41家企业通过降低生产负荷，减少污染供需，实现30%以上的污染减排。
湖南省澧县一中2014届高三高考模拟考试(二)
湖南省澧县一中2014届高三高考模拟考试（二）理科综合试卷时量：150分钟 总分：300分第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共126分）可能用到的相对原子质量H:1 C:12 N:14 O:16 Na:23 Cl:35.5 Fe:56一、选择题（本题共13小题。
每小题6分，共78分。
每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）1．根据右图所示坐标曲线，下列描述正确的是（）A ．若该曲线表示紫色洋葱鳞片叶细胞液泡体积的大小变化，则BC 段表示该细胞吸水能力逐渐减弱B ．若该曲线代表密闭温室中的CO 2浓度在一天中的变化情况，则温室中B 点时植物光合作用强度最大C ．若该曲线表示在温度交替变化的环境中健康人的皮肤血流量变化，则温室中B 点时中明显增多的激素是肾上腺素和甲状腺激素D ．若该曲线表示正常人进食后的血糖浓度变化，则CD 段血液中胰高血糖素含量上升2．如图甲乙丙是同一．．高等动物体内发生的细胞分裂模式图，图丁为某一时刻部分染色体行为的示意图，下列说法正确的是 （ ）A ．丁图中等位基因A 与a ，B 与b 的分离都只发生在减数第一次分裂B ．若A 基因在图甲1号染色体上，不发生基因突变的情况下，a 基因在染色体5上C ．乙细胞表示次级卵母细胞或极体，乙细胞内无同源染色体D ．21三体综合征患者染色体异常，可能与双亲中某一个体产生配子时丙图所在时期染色体异常分配有关3．科学家们在研究成体干细胞的分裂时提出这样的假说：成体干细胞总是将含有相对古老的DNA链（永生化链）的染色体分配给其中一个子代细胞，使其成为成体干细胞，同时将含有相对新的DNA 链(新合成链)染色体分配给另一个子代细胞，开始分化并最终衰老死亡（如下图所示）。
下列相关推测错误的是（ ）A ．成体干细胞的细胞分裂方式为有丝分裂B ．从图中看出成体干细胞分裂时DNA 进行半保留复制，染色体随机分配C ．通过该方式可以减少成体干细胞积累DNA 复制过程中产生的碱基突变D ．根据该假说可以推测生物体内的成体干细胞的数量保持相对稳定4． 右图为果蝇性染色体结构简图。
2014年高考模拟试卷及答案_语文
2013—2014学年第一学期高三第一次月考语文试题一、语言文字运用（共24分，其中选择题每小题3分）1. 下列词语中加点的字，注音全都正确的一项是（）A. 勖．（xù）勉尽．（jǐn）快混．（hún）浊强．（qiǎng）颜欢笑B. 熬．（āo）心呜咽．（yān）载．（zài）重畏葸．（xǐ）不前C. 摒．（bìn）弃漩．（xuán）涡贮．（zhù）藏追本溯．（sù）源D. 辅弼．（bì）粘．（zhān）连丧．（sāng）钟徇．（xùn）私舞弊2. 下列各句中，没有错别字的一项是（）A．在本届伦敦奥运会上，英国人民向世界展示了自己的热情，运动员们在奥林匹克运动中继续书写着新的历史，奥林匹克的人文遗产沿伸到世界每个角落。
B．在老套的选秀节目日渐势微的今天，浙江卫视主办的《中国好声音》却一炮而红。
观众被选手们返璞归真的真情所打动，大牌评委们也一改高高在上的形象，与选手一起高歌，享受快乐。
C．种种迹象表明，与沾沾自满、自矜功伐的人不同，阿姆斯特朗在人生的第40个年头代表人类首次登上月球后，又花掉更多的时间来抗拒和逃避随之而来的光环与标签。
D．日本试图以“中日之间不存在领土问题”的立场性“话语”掩盖“钓鱼岛问题”所涵盖的领土争议性质。
中国必须通过严谨的学术研究、艰难的外交握旋，给以澄清。
3. 下列各句中，加点的词语运用正确的一项是（）A．在2012美网女单首轮比赛中，李娜以2比0的比分战胜英国小将沃特森，进而．．结束连续两年止步美网首轮的尴尬局面。
B．今年美国纽约爆发了“占领华尔街”运动。
它一无具体纲领，二无公认领袖，仅凭一个高度简捷的口号，便以令人．．的速度从曼哈顿岛蔓延到全美各地。
．．瞠目C．陶渊明早年曾几度出仕，后来因为不满当时黑暗腐败的政治而走上归隐之路，过起了瓜．田李下．．．的田园生活。
D．叙利亚局势持续紧张、恶化，呈现一发不可收．．．．．的态势。
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湖南省澧县一中2014届高三高考模拟考试（二）语文试卷时量：150分钟总分：150分一、语言文字运用（12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是（）A．扁．舟（piān）迸．发（bèng）笃．信（dǔ）椎．心泣血（zhuī）B．中．听(zhòng) 踯躅．（zhú）佣．金(yòng) 曲．意逢迎（qū）C．体．己(tī) 汲．取（xī）当．真（dàng）不容置喙．(huì)D．绯．闻（fēi）矩．形（jǔ）只．身（zhī）追本溯．源（sù）2．下列词语中，没有错别字的一组是（）A．掂量惊惶笑眯眯拾人牙惠斐然成章B．凛冽雕像洽谈会连篇累牍吉人天象C．梦魇馥郁荧光屏精神矍铄坐收渔利D．熨帖逡巡流水帐米珠薪桂三番五次3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（）A．澧州出芳草鲜花、才子佳人，出缠绵悱恻的爱情故事；同时澧州又是英雄辈出的地方，古往今来，这里孕育出无数的骁勇斗士。
B．随着中央八项规定、反对铺张浪费等措施的贯彻落实，一直以来“牛气冲天”的奢侈品明显下挫，一些品牌也暂时放缓在中国的拓展计划。
C．贫困学生在被列入政府重点关注的对象之后，澧县一中热烈响应、积极行动，将关心贫困学生的生活作为新一学期工作的重点。
D．这次活动的宗旨是以展现澧州荆河剧艺术形成、发展的历史过程为目的，并以此推动地方文化建设，弘扬民族文化优秀传统。
4．把下面几个句子组成语意连贯的一段话，排序最恰当的一项是（）①它的重要功能在于“传递”历史②这种传递，既包括历史事实的传递③历史是过去发生的事件，研究历史离不开叙述④历史叙述是对历史的记录和描述⑤也包括历史叙述主题个人意识的传递⑥意大利历史学家克罗齐曾言，没有叙事，就没有历史A．②③⑥①④⑤ B．③⑤②①⑥④C．②⑤③⑥①④ D．③⑥④①②⑤二、文言文阅读(22分。
其中选择题每小题3分共9分，断句题3分；翻译题10分)阅读下面的文言文，完成5～9题。
待漏院①记宋·王禹偁天道不言，而品物亨、岁功成者，何谓也？四时之吏，五行之佐，宣其气矣。
圣人不言，而百姓亲、万邦宁者，何谓也？三公论道，六卿分职，张其教矣。
是知君逸于上，臣劳于下，法乎天也。
古之善相天下者，自皋、夔②至房、魏，可数也。
是不独有其德，亦皆务于勤耳。
况夙兴夜寐，以事一人。
卿大夫犹然，况宰相乎！朝廷自国初因．旧制，设宰臣待漏院于丹凤门之右，示勤政也。
至若北阙向曙，东方未明，相君启行，煌煌火城；相君至止，哕哕③銮声。
金门未辟，玉漏犹滴，彻盖下车，于焉以息。
待漏之际，相君其有思乎④？其或兆民未安，思所泰之；四夷未附，思所来之。
兵革未息，何以弭．之；田畴多芜，何以辟之。
贤人在野，我将进之；佞人立朝，我将斥之。
六气不和，灾眚⑤荐至，愿避位以禳．之；五刑未措，欺诈日生，请修德以厘．之。
忧心忡忡，待旦而入。
九门既启，四聪甚迩。
相君言焉，时君纳焉。
皇风于是乎清夷，苍生以之而富庶。
若然，总百官，食万钱，非幸也，宜也。
其或私仇未复，思所逐之；旧恩未报，思所荣之。
子女玉帛，何以致之；车马玩器，何以取之。
奸人附势，我将陟．之；直士抗言，我将黜之。
三时告灾，上有忧也，构巧词以．悦之；群吏弄法，君闻怨言，进谄容以媚之。
私心慆慆⑥，假寐而坐，九门既开，重瞳屡回。
相君言焉，时君惑焉。
政柄于是乎隳哉，帝位以之而危矣。
若．然，则死下狱、投远方，非不幸也，亦宜也。
是知一国之政，万人之命，悬于宰相，可不慎欤？复有无毁无誉，旅进旅退，窃位而苟禄，备员而全身者，亦无所取焉．。
棘寺小吏王禹偁为文，请志院壁，用规于执政者。
【注】①待漏院：古代朝臣晨集等待召见的地方。
②皋，即皋陶（yáo），相传曾被舜选为掌管刑法的官。
夔：尧舜时的乐官。
③哕哕（huì）：象声词，徐缓而有节奏的响声。
④相君其有思乎：宰相大概想得很多吧！⑤眚（shěng）：原意为日食或月食，后引申为灾异。
⑥慆慆：纷乱不息的样子。
5．下列句子中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是（）A．兵革未息，何以弭．之弭：消灭，平息B．愿避位以禳．之禳：举行祛除邪恶的祭礼来消除灾祸C．奸人附势，我将陟．之陟：惩罚D．请修德以厘．之厘：改变，改正6．下列加点虚词的意义和用法相同的一项是（）A. ①若．然，则死下狱、投远方②徐公不若．君之美也B. ①亦无所取焉．②且焉．置土石C. ①构巧词以．悦之②斧斤以．时入山林D. ①朝廷自国初因．旧制②蒙故业，因．遗策7．根据文意，下列分析和评说不正确的一项是（）A．本文以宰相待漏之时的不同思想状态，将宰相分为贤相、奸相两个类型，褒贬鲜明，意在告诫当权的宰相要勤于政事，不可贪图禄位，无所作为。
B．本文开篇探究天道的运行规律、圣王的政治模式及儒家的政治理想，借以导出宰臣要善于治政、精于治政，全文是以此为中心展开论证的。
C．全文主次分明，详略得当。
文章重点写的是贤相与奸相，两者构成了对比，同时突出表现了贤相之“贤”与奸相之“奸”，对比鲜明。
D．本文不仅在结构上具有对称美，语言成就更为突出：以四字句为基本句式，明快平易而琅琅上口；某些段落灵活押韵并自由换韵，充满节奏美、韵律美。
8．请把文言文阅读材料中画线的语句翻译成现代汉语。
（10分）（1）天道不言，而品物亨、岁功成者，何谓也？（3分）_____________________________________________________________________________ （2）是不独有其德，亦皆务于勤耳。
况夙兴夜寐，以事一人。
（3分）_____________________________________________________________________________ （3）相君言焉，时君惑焉。
政柄于是乎隳哉，帝位以之而危矣。
（4分）_____________________________________________________________________________ 9．用斜线（/）给下面的画线句子断句。
（不含首尾，限划9处）（3分）匡章曰：“陈仲子岂不诚廉士哉？居放陵三日不食耳无闻目无见也井上有李螬食实者过半矣匍匐往将食之三咽然后耳有闻目有见。
”（节选自《孟子·廉洁与酸腐》）三、古代诗歌鉴赏和古诗文默写（13分）10.阅读下面两首元曲，完成后面的题目。
（8分）山坡羊·冬日写怀（其二）（元）乔吉冬寒前后，雪晴时候，谁人相伴梅花瘦？钓鳌①舟，缆汀洲，绿蓑不耐风霜透，投至②有鱼来上钩。
风，吹破头；霜，皴破手。
殿前欢·冬（元）薛昂夫捻冰髭，绕孤山枉了费寻思，自逋仙③去后无高士。
冷落幽姿，道梅花不要诗。
休说推敲字，效杀颦难似。
知他是西施笑我，我笑西施？【注】①鳌：大鱼。
②投至：等待，等到。
③逋仙：曾隐居于孤山的宋代诗人、画家林逋，其酷爱梅花，《山园小梅》是其诗作，中有名句“疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏”。
（1）这两首元曲分别写出了梅花怎样的形象（或姿态）？请简要概述。
（2分）______________________________________________________________________________（2）请简析两首元曲表达的主旨。
（6分）_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 11.古诗文默写（共5分，每空1分）（1），檐牙高啄；各抱地势，。
（杜牧《阿房宫赋》）（2）怀良辰以孤往，。
（陶渊明《归去来兮辞》）（3）西当太白有鸟道，。
，然后天梯石栈相钩连。
（李白《蜀道难》）四、现代文（论述类、实用类）阅读（10分。
其中选择题6分，每题3分；简答题4分）阅读下面的文字，完成12～14题。
据英国《自然》杂志在线近日报道，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）定于9月6日向月球发射一台“吸尘器”。
这架轨道飞行器将对月球表面的稀薄大气和尘埃进行采集分析，并完成月地激光传输实验的任务。
该任务或预示NASA未来建造行星际宇宙飞船的一种新模式。
该任务名为月球大气与尘埃环境探测器（LADEE），定于当地时间9月6日从位于弗吉尼亚州沿岸的瓦勒普斯航天发射场发射。
这是继去年“月球重力双子星”（GRAIL）项目结束以来，又一次向月球轨道派出新任务。
项目总耗资2.63亿美元，属于美国前总统乔治•布什属意的“重返月球”计划的一部分。
尽管目前NASA已决意不再送宇航员上月球，但LADEE项目有别于NASA通常的做法——它不是以往送上月球轨道专供探月使用的一次性用品，而是能够担当起其他太空任务的飞行器，同时借鉴了商业卫星的部分概念，是模块化的，模块间可以互换或按需定制。
譬如说，改换一下配置，它也可用于检测太阳，甚至是登陆小行星。
NASA一名项目前任工程主管指出，新设计为他们节省了一半的开支。
《自然》网站文章则认为，LADEE任务可能预示着NASA未来建造星际宇宙飞船的新模式。
在此次任务中，LADEE项目的尘埃传感器同时被用来找出月球地平线上曙暮辉现象形成的原因，将观测月尘微粒对光造成的影响，为该神秘辉光的形成拿出直接证据；而其他仪器将负责寻找由月岩释放出的硅、镁等元素，甚至是彗星沉积在月球上的甲烷、二氧化碳气体等。
项目团队人员指出，究竟是什么漂浮在月球上空以及它们是如何到达那里的，一直都是谜团，而自阿波罗登月计划执行以来，这些问题从未真正得到过解释。
这些有黏性的粗糙尘埃当年曾几乎拖垮登月所用的设备，弄破了保存月岩石样本的密封箱，而此次将是为那些谜题提供答案的绝佳契机。
而此次由LADEE执行的另一项重要测试，则是地月间高速激光传输实验。
这是由NASA 设计的一种全新激光通信终端，将在星际空间传送宽带数据。
稍早时间NASA曾将传世名画《蒙娜丽莎》的图像输送到月球侦察轨道器上，这是人类首次利用激光在星际间进行图像数据传输，但速率还很低。
据称LADEE将能使传输速率猛增，为日后的星际间高带宽通信埋下伏笔。
（选自《人民日报》2013年09月07日，第8 版）12．下列不属于LADEE此行肩负的主要任务的一项是（）A．采集分析月球表面的大气和尘埃。
B．对月地间高速率激光传输进行测试。
C．建立NASA未来建造星际宇宙飞船的新模式。
D．寻找月球上曙暮辉现象形成的原因。
13．下列说法不符合原文意思的一项是（）A．NASA于9月6日向月球发射了一台名为LADEE的“吸尘器”。