用Centos5搭建RHEL4的使用的yum服务器
CentOS简介CentOS是一...
一．准备安装CentOS 5.x 系统1．CentOS简介CentOS是一个开源软件贡献者和用户的社区。
它对RHEL源代码进行重新编译，成为众多发布新发行版本的社区当中的一个，并且在不断的发展过程中，CentOS社区不断与其他的同类社区合并，使CentOS Linux逐渐成为使用最广泛的RHEL兼容版本。
CentOS Linux 的稳定性不比RHEL差，唯一不足的就是缺乏技术支持，因为它是由社区发布的免费版。
CentOS Linux与RHEL产品有着严格的版本对应关系，例如使用RHEL4源代码重新编译发布的是CentOS Linux 4.0,gn RHEL5对应的是CentOS Linux 5.0。
由于RHEL产品的生命周期较长（通常具有3~5年的官方支持），因此Red Hat公司在RHEL系列产品发布后每隔一段时间，都会将累积的更新程序重新打包成为更新的发行版进行发布，通常称为RHEL Update。
例如，RHEL5的第1个更新版本叫做RHEL 5 Update 1,用户通常也称为RHEL 5.1。
对Red Hat公司发布的每一个RHEL Update CentOS社区都会发布对应的更新发行版，例如根据RHEL 5的Update 1更新程序源码包，CentOS会重新编译并打包发布CentOSLinux 5.1版。
CentOS Linux和与之对应版本号的RHEL发行版具有软件包级别的二进制兼容性，即某个RPM软件包如果可以安装运行在RHEL产品中，就可以正常地安装运行在对应版本的CentOS Linux中。
CentOS Linux由于同时具有与RHEL的兼容性和企业级应用的稳定性，又允许用户自由使用，因此得到了越来越广泛的应用。
2．获得CentOS发行版（1）从镜像站点上下载ISO的镜像文件官方：https:///（2）验证下载的ISO镜像文件的完整性#md5sum centos-xxxxxxxxx.iso（3）将ISO镜像文件制作成安装CD/DVD<1>在Microsoft Windows下，用Nero、ImgFree等等的光盘刻录软件将ISO镜像文件转换、刻录成安装CD/DVD。
RHEL5 使用DVD镜像盘构建yum服务器和客户端的配置
RHEL5使用DVD镜像盘构建yum服务器和客户端的配置Yum（全称为Yellow dog Updater,Modified）是一个在Fedora中的Shell前端软件包管理器。
基於RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装,更详细的信息可以使用：man yum 指令查看；这可是个很好东西，可以大大的减少系统管理员安装软件包的工作量，但是在国内使用的时候可能下载速度比较慢，这个时候我们可以借助下载下来的系统安装盘来构建一个内部的yum服务器，这样可以安装光盘上所提供的软件而不需要去理会乱七八糟的依赖关系。
一：下面先介绍下yum服务器端的配置1:安装并启动ftp服务，这里也可以使用http服务，不过ftp服务相对更容易点[root@rhel5~]#rpm-q vsftpdvsftpd-2.0.5-10.el5[root@rhel5~]#service vsftpd statusvsftpd(pid3681)正在运行...2：安装createrepo软件包，该软件包用来生成软件仓库的xml文件，这样才能自动计算出依赖关系[root@rhel5~]#rpm-q createrepocreaterepo-0.4.4-2.fc6[root@rhel5~]#whatis createrepocreaterepo(8)-Create repomd(xml-rpm-metadata)repositorycreaterepo(rpm)-Creates a common metadata repository3:挂载光盘并复制Server和VT目录到ftp目录下[root@rhel5~]#mount/dev/cdrom/mnt/[root@rhel5~]#ls/mnt/Cluster RELEASE-NOTES-ko.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-kn.html ClusterStorage RELEASE-NOTES-ml.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-ko.html EULA RELEASE-NOTES-mr.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-ml.html eula.en_US RELEASE-NOTES-or.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-mr.htmlGPL RELEASE-NOTES-pa.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-or.html images RELEASE-NOTES-pt_BR.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-pa.html isolinux RELEASE-NOTES-ru.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-pt_BR.html README-en RELEASE-NOTES-si.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-ru.html README-en.html RELEASE-NOTES-ta.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-si.html RELEASE-NOTES-as.html RELEASE-NOTES-te.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-ta.html RELEASE-NOTES-bn.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-as.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-te.html RELEASE-NOTES-de.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-bn.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-zh_CN.html RELEASE-NOTES-en RELEASE-NOTES-U4-de.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-zh_TW.htmlRELEASE-NOTES-en.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-en RELEASE-NOTES-zh_CN.html RELEASE-NOTES-es.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-en.html RELEASE-NOTES-zh_TW.html RELEASE-NOTES-fr.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-es.html RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta RELEASE-NOTES-gu.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-fr.html RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release RELEASE-NOTES-hi.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-gu.html ServerRELEASE-NOTES-it.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-hi.html TRANS.TBLRELEASE-NOTES-ja.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-it.html VTRELEASE-NOTES-kn.html RELEASE-NOTES-U4-ja.html[root@rhel5~]#cd/var/ftp/pub/[root@rhel5pub]#mkdir yum[root@rhel5pub]#cd yum/[root@rhel5yum]#cp-R/mnt/Server/./[root@rhel5yum]#cp-R/mnt/VT/./[root@rhel5yum]#lsServer VT4：使用createrepo命令生成相应的软件包依赖关系描述文件[root@rhel5yum]#createrepo Server/[root@rhel5yum]#createrepo VT/5:修改配置文件[root@rhel5~]#cat/etc/yum.repos.d/local_yum.repo[Server]name=Serverbaseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/yum/Server/gpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release[VT]name=VTbaseurl=file:///var/ftp/pub/yum/VTgpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release[root@rhel5~17]#yum clean allLoading"installonlyn"pluginCleaning up Everything6：验证[root@rhel5~18]#yum-y install sambaLoading"installonlyn"pluginSetting up Install ProcessSetting up repositoriesVT100%|=========================|951B00:00 Server100%|=========================|951B00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local filesprimary.xml.gz100%|=========================|9.1kB00:00 ##################################################36/36primary.xml.gz100%|=========================|805kB00:00 ##################################################2292/2292Parsing package install argumentsResolving Dependencies-->Populating transaction set with selected packages.Please wait.--->Downloading header for samba to pack into transaction set.samba-3.0.33-3.14.el5.i38100%|=========================|114kB00:00--->Package samba.i3860:3.0.33-3.14.el5set to be updated-->Running transaction check-->Processing Dependency:perl(Convert::ASN1)for package:samba-->Processing Dependency:samba-common=0:3.0.33-3.14.el5for package:samba-->Processing Dependency:samba=0:3.0.23c-2for package:samba-swat-->Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.-->Populating transaction set with selected packages.Please wait.--->Downloading header for samba-swat to pack into transaction set.samba-swat-3.0.33-3.14.el100%|=========================|100kB00:00--->Package samba-swat.i3860:3.0.33-3.14.el5set to be updated--->Downloading header for perl-Convert-ASN1to pack into transaction set.perl-Convert-ASN1-0.20-1.100%|=========================|4.3kB00:00--->Package perl-Convert-ASN1.noarch0:0.20-1.1set to be updated--->Downloading header for samba-common to pack into transaction set.samba-common-3.0.33-3.14.100%|=========================|48kB00:00--->Package samba-common.i3860:3.0.33-3.14.el5set to be updated-->Running transaction check-->Processing Dependency:samba-common=0:3.0.23c-2for package:samba-client-->Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.-->Populating transaction set with selected packages.Please wait.--->Downloading header for samba-client to pack into transaction set.samba-client-3.0.33-3.14.100%|=========================|43kB00:00--->Package samba-client.i3860:3.0.33-3.14.el5set to be updated-->Running transaction check-->Processing Dependency:libkeyutils.so.1(KEYUTILS_0.3)for package:samba-client-->Processing Dependency:libkeyutils.so.1for package:samba-client-->Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.-->Populating transaction set with selected packages.Please wait.--->Downloading header for keyutils-libs to pack into transaction set.keyutils-libs-1.2-1.el5.i100%|=========================|5.1kB00:00--->Package keyutils-libs.i3860:1.2-1.el5set to be updated-->Running transaction checkDependencies Resolved===================================================================== ========Package Arch Version Repository Size======================================================================= ======Updating:samba i386 3.0.33-3.14.el5Server16MInstalling for dependencies:keyutils-libs i386 1.2-1.el5Server18kperl-Convert-ASN1noarch0.20-1.1Server41kUpdating for dependencies:samba-client i386 3.0.33-3.14.el5Server 5.7Msamba-common i386 3.0.33-3.14.el5Server8.7Msamba-swat i386 3.0.33-3.14.el5Server8.2M Transaction Summary======================================================================= ======Install2Package(s)Update4Package(s)Remove0Package(s)Total download size:39MDownloading Packages:Running Transaction TestFinished Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning TransactionUpdating:samba-common#######################[1/10]Installing:keyutils-libs#######################[2/10]Installing:perl-Convert-ASN1#######################[3/10]Updating:samba#######################[4/10]Updating:samba-client#######################[5/10]Updating:samba-swat#######################[6/10]Cleanup:samba-client#######################[7/10]Cleanup:samba-swat#######################[8/10]Cleanup:samba#######################[9/10] Cleanup:samba-common#######################[10/10] Dependency Installed:keyutils-libs.i3860:1.2-1.el5perl-Convert-ASN1.noarch0:0.20-1.1 Updated:samba.i3860:3.0.33-3.14.el5Dependency Updated:samba-client.i3860:3.0.33-3.14.el5samba-common.i386 0:3.0.33-3.14.el5samba-swat.i3860:3.0.33-3.14.el5Complete!二：继续介绍下客户端的配置，这里我使用CentOS5做客户端[root@centos~]#ping10.0.0.3（检查网络连通性）PING10.0.0.3(10.0.0.3)56(84)bytes of data.64bytes from10.0.0.3:icmp_seq=1ttl=64time=3.76ms64bytes from10.0.0.3:icmp_seq=2ttl=64time=0.634ms---10.0.0.3ping statistics---2packets transmitted,2received,0%packet loss,time1000msrtt min/avg/max/mdev=0.634/2.197/3.761/1.564ms[root@centos~]#cd/etc/yum.repos.d/（该目录下的所有文件都是以repo为结尾，否则则为无效文件，也可以修改文件中的enable=0将其禁用）[root@centos yum.repos.d]#lsCentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Media.repo[root@centos yum.repos.d]#vi CentOS-Base.repo[root@centos yum.repos.d]#mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base[root@centos yum.repos.d]#mv CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Media[root@centos yum.repos.d]#lsCentOS-Base CentOS-Media[root@centos yum.repos.d]#lsCentOS-Base CentOS-Media yang.repo[root@centos yum.repos.d]#cat yang.repo[Server]name=Serverbaseurl=ftp://10.0.0.3/pub/yum/Server[VT]name=VTbaseurl=ftp://10.0.0.3/pub/yum/VT[root@centos yum.repos.d]#yum search mysql-serverLoaded plugins:fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile============================Matched:mysql-server =============================mysql-server.i386:The MySQL server and related files[root@centos yum.repos.d]#yum-y install mysql-serverDependencies Resolved===================================================================== ======================================================================= =================Package Arch Version Repository Size======================================================================= ======================================================================= ===============Installing:mysql-server i386 5.0.77-3.el5 Server9.8MUpdating:mysql i386 5.0.77-3.el5Server 4.8M Installing for dependencies:perl-DBD-MySQL i386 3.0007-2.el5Server147kTransaction Summary======================================================================= ======================================================================= ===============Install2Package(s)Update1Package(s)Remove0Package(s)Total download size:15MDownloading Packages:(1/3):perl-DBD-MySQL-3.0007-2.el5.i386.rpm |147kB00:00(2/3):mysql-5.0.77-3.el5.i386.rpm |4.8MB00:00(3/3):mysql-server-5.0.77-3.el5.i386.rpm |9.8MB00:05-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total2.0MB/s|15MB00:07warning:rpmts_HdrFromFdno:Header V3DSA signature:NOKEY,key ID37017186Public key for mysql-5.0.77-3.el5.i386.rpm is not installed（此次提示公钥问题，下面我们来解决下）[root@centos yum.repos.d]#cat yang.repo（修改文件如下，gpgcheck=1表示启用gpg签名检查，RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release这个文件从yum服务器的相应目录复制过来即可,或者可以使用gpgcheck=0来禁用它，默认情况下是启用的）[Server]name=Serverbaseurl=ftp://10.0.0.3/pub/yum/Servergpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release[VT]name=VTbaseurl=ftp://10.0.0.3/pub/yum/VTgpgcheck=1gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release[root@centos yum.repos.d]#yum-y install mysql-serverLoaded plugins:fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfileSetting up Install ProcessParsing package install argumentsResolving Dependencies-->Running transaction check--->Package mysql-server.i3860:5.0.77-3.el5set to be updated-->Processing Dependency:mysql=5.0.77-3.el5for package:mysql-server-->Processing Dependency:perl-DBD-MySQL for package:mysql-server-->Running transaction check--->Package perl-DBD-MySQL.i3860:3.0007-2.el5set to be updated--->Package mysql.i3860:5.0.77-3.el5set to be updated-->Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved===================================================================== ===========Package Arch Version Repository Size======================================================================= =========Installing:mysql-server i386 5.0.77-3.el5Server9.8M Updating:mysql i386 5.0.77-3.el5Server 4.8M Installing for dependencies:perl-DBD-MySQL i386 3.0007-2.el5Server147k Transaction Summary======================================================================= =========Install2Package(s)Update1Package(s)Remove0Package(s)Total download size:15MDownloading Packages:(1/3):perl-DBD-MySQL-3.0007-2.el5.i386.rpm|147kB00:00(2/3):mysql-5.0.77-3.el5.i386.rpm|4.8MB00:01(3/3):mysql-server-5.0.77-3.el5.i386.rpm|9.8MB00:03--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 3.0MB/s|15MB00:04warning:rpmts_HdrFromFdno:Header V3DSA signature:NOKEY,key ID37017186 Importing GPG key0x37017186"Red Hat,Inc.(release key)<security@>" from/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-releaseRunning rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestFinished Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning TransactionUpdating:mysql[1/4]Installing:perl-DBD-MySQL[2/4]Installing:mysql-server[3/4]Cleanup:mysql[4/4] Installed:mysql-server.i3860:5.0.77-3.el5Dependency Installed:perl-DBD-MySQL.i3860:3.0007-2.el5Updated:mysql.i3860:5.0.77-3.el5Complete![root@centos yum.repos.d]#netstat-ntpl|grep3306tcp000.0.0.0:33060.0.0.0:*LISTEN 5685/mysqld[root@linuxsir yum.repos.d]#yum grouplistLoaded plugins:rhnplugin,securityThis system is not registered with RHN.RHN support will be disabled.Setting up Group ProcessError:No group data available for configured repositories如果要使用groupinstall方式安装Gnome和KDE，Openoffice等环境，则需要做这样的操作createrepo-g/var/ftp/pub/yum/Server/repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml /var/ftp/pub/yum/Server。
RedHat 5.3配置YUM 从centos5源与光盘源更新软件
YUM顾名思义，Yellow Dog Updater, Modified. Yum为基于RPM系统做了相同的工作。
它提供了一个简单的命令，可用于在首先安装和更新任何其他必要的软件包以满足所需的软件包依赖关系之后，自动化安装或更新一个软件包，类似Debian下apt-get的工具.YUM的特点：可以同时配置多个资源库(Repository)简洁的配置文件(/etc/yum.conf)自动解决增加或删除rpm包时遇到的倚赖性问题使用方便保持与RPM数据库的一致性RHEL AS5可以通过Yum升级系统的功能，但默认rhel-debuginfo.repo的设置是从RedHat 的Yum源来升级系统，如果您没有购买Redhat的服务，Redhat5后面版本升级是收费，需要key 才能升级，那么使用Yum是无法升级的。
幸运的是，由于centos是免费的企业版本，可以借用centos yum源更新RHEL AS5系统.配置YUM 从centos5源更新软件[root@clinet ~]# rpm --import/Linux/CentOS/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5安装那个的GPG，也可增加其他资源库，自己选择一个离自己地理位置近点[root@clinet ~]# rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*检查GPG Keygpg-pubkey-e8562897-459f07a4如果要删除Key,使用以下命令：[root@clinet ~]# rpm -e gpg-pubkey-e8562897-459f07a4[root@clinet ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo[rhel-debuginfo]name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debugbaseurl=ftp:///pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/$basear ch/Debuginfo/baseurl是你的YUM源地址enabled=0是否启用这个仓库，1为起用，0为禁用gpgcheck=1设置gpgcheck=1会让yum检查每个下载的RPM的GnuPG签名。
CentOS5
CentOS5.4下配置Nginx0.8.33+PHP5.3+PHP-fpm+MySQL5.5一、CentOS准备工作.# 更新所有已安装软件包yum -y update # 安装必要的开发工具yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf make libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curlcurl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers libxml2 libxml2-devel patch pcre-devel# 上面安装的东东，像gcc, make, autoconf是必要的编译工具# 像libjpeg,freetype,zlib等，编译PHP时用得到# 像patch, libxml2等，在使用php-fpm对php打补顶时用得着# 像pcre-dev等，在编译Nginx服务器时用得着二、编译安装Nginx服务器.0. 确保安装了如下软件.yum install gcc openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel1. 创建nginx运行的用户.groupadd nginxuseradd nginx -g nginx2. 创建网页文件存储目录.mkdir /var/wwwchmod +w /var/wwwchown -R nginx:nginx /var/www3. 下载Nginx源码包.cd /work/softwget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.33.tar.gztar -zxvf nginx-0.8.33.tar.gzcd nginx-0.8.33./configure \--prefix=/usr \--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \--pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \--user=nginx \--group=nginx \--with-http_ssl_module \--with-http_flv_module \--with-http_gzip_static_module \--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \--with-http_stub_status_modulemake && make install# with-http_stub_status_module 模块可用来统计当前连接数【更多Nginx 模块】# 添加指定的 Nginx 扩展模块只需要 configure 时带上 --with-模块名即可# 小技巧：如已经安装好了Nginx，好添加一个新模块，只需要重新配置，重新configure && make 但别 make install, 直接将objs/nginx 拷贝到{$prefix}/sbin下即可，【注意备份原来的】4. 创建nginx需要的文件/文件夹.mkdir -p /var/tmp/nginxvi /work/webServer/nginxStart.sh#!/bin/sh/usr/sbin/nginxvi /work/webServer/nginxRestart.sh#!/bin/shkillall -9 nginx/usr/sbin/nginxchmod +x /work/webServer/nginxStart.shchmod +x /work/webServer/nginxRestart.sh5. 启动 nginx./usr/sbin/nginx或/work/webServer/nginxStart.sh6. 访问一下看看.看到 Welcome to nginx! 安装便算OK了!注：如果要开机后自动启动nginx，那么需要在/etc/rc.local中加入一行命令：引用/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx三、编译安装MySQL.因为安装PHP需要用到MySQL 支持，所以要先于PHP安装。
RHEL5.4软件包的管理
RHEL5.4软件包的管理关于linux下面如何管理软件包的讨论，Linux下面安装软件包的介绍在linux系统中管理软件包有两种方法，第一种就是利用yum的方式来管理软件包。
第二种就是利用rpm的方法来管理软件包。
Yum与rpm的区别在于rpm在安装软件包的时候解决不了软件包依赖性关系，而yum在安装软件包的时候很好的解决了软件包的依赖性关系，很强大。
下面首先来讲解利用yum来管理软件包。
Yum介绍Yum全称为Yellow dog Updater, Modified（软件包管理器）主要功能是更方便的添加/删除/更新RPM包，yum很好的解决了linux下面安装软件包的依赖性关系。
很强大哦!他能便于管理大量系统的更新问题，能同时设置多个资源库(Repository)，而且使用起来十分的方便。
如果想使用yum的方式来安装软件包，那么必须配置yum仓库。
关于yum仓库的配置方法可以参考：/u3/111899/showart_2197778.html1.利用yum的方式来安装软件包#yum -y install vsftpd-y 不用交互式Install 安装Vsftpd 需要安装软件包(这个是软件包，而不是软件包的rpm文件名) [root@localhost ~]#[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vsftpdLoaded plugins: rhnplugin, securityThis system is not registered with RHN.RHN support will be disabled.Cluster | 1.3 kB 00:00Cluster/primary | 6.5 kB00:00Cluster32/32ClusterStorage | 1.3 kB00:00ClusterStorage/primary | 8.8 kB 00:00 ClusterStorage39/39Server | 1.3 kB 00:00Server/primary | 732 kB00:00Server2292/2292VT | 1.3 kB 00:00VT/primary | 9.0 kB00:00VT36/36Setting up Install ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package vsftpd.i386 0:2.0.5-16.el5 set to be updatedCluster/filelists | 110 kB00:00ClusterStorage/filelists | 11 kB 00:00 Server/filelists | 2.3 MB00:00VT/filelists | 26 kB00:00--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved============================================================= ===================Package Arch Version Repository Size============================================================= ===================Installing:vsftpd i386 2.0.5-16.el5 Server140 kTransaction Summary============================================================= ===================Install 1 Package(s)Update 0 Package(s)Remove 0 Package(s)Total download size: 140 kDownloading Packages:vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm | 140 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestFinished Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning TransactionInstalling : vsftpd1/1Installed:vsftpd.i386 0:2.0.5-16.el5Complete![root@localhost ~]#这样我们就利用yum的方式安装成功了ftp服务。
centos5安装php+mysql+apache+phpmyadmin+zendoptimizer
修改最大连接数
[mysqld]
max_connections=500
MYSQL server has gone away解决办法
修改wait-timeout=28800 #8小时
[mysqld]
wait-timeout=28800
grant all on *.* to root@"202.11.10.253" Identified by "dboomysql"
允许地址202.11.10.253上用root用户，密码dboomysql来连接mysql的所有数据库，付给所有权限。
防火墙配置:
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
shell> bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql var
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
cd /home
shell> mkdir soft
shell> mkdir html
shell> cd soft
1,先用wget
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
shell> make >> m.txt
shell> make install >> mi.txt
MySQL之RHEL4安装
MySQL之RHEL4安装RHEL 4安装MySQL1．下载MySQL----查看Linux内核版[root@localhost ~]# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8[root@localhost ~]# uname -raLinux localhost.localdomain 2.6.9-89.ELsmp #1 SMP Mon Apr 20 10:33:05 EDT 2009 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux 说明：从结果可以看到Linux版本为64位RHEL 4 Update8，下载对应的MySQL安装文件，如下：[root@localhost ~]# lsMySQL-client-community-5.1.48-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpmMySQL-server-community-5.1.48-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpm说明：一般只需Server、Client两个文件就可以了2．安装MySQL包----安装MySQL包（只有root用户才可执行RPM包）[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-community-5.1.48-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpmwarning: MySQL-server-community-5.1.48-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 5072e1f5error: Failed dependencies:MySQL conflicts with mysql-4.1.22-2.el4.i386MySQL conflicts with mysql-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64MySQL-server conflicts with mysql-server-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64说明：一般情况下会提示该警告与错误，与之前版本冲突----查看Linux已安装MySQL版本[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q mysqlmysql-4.1.22-2.el4mysql-4.1.22-2.el4说明：从输出结果看到Linux已经默认安装有MySQL包----卸载默认安装的MySQL包[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mysql-4.1.22-2.el4error: "mysql-4.1.22-2.el4" specifies multiple packages说明：提示错误：有多个重名的包----删除所有的MySQL包[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --allmatches mysql-4.1.22-2.el4 error: Failed dependencies:libmysqlclient.so.14 is needed by (installed) cyrus-sasl-sql-2.1.19-14.i386libmysqlclient.so.14(libmysqlclient_14) is needed by (installed) cyrus-sasl-sql-2.1.19-14.i386mysql is needed by (installed) MySQL-python-1.2.1_p2-1.el4.1.x86_64mysql = 4.1.22-2.el4 is needed by (installed) mysql-bench-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64mysql = 4.1.22-2.el4 is needed by (installed) mysql-server-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64mysql = 4.1.22-2.el4 is needed by (installed) mysql-devel-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64mysql is needed by (installed) freeradius-mysql-1.0.1-3.RHEL4.5.x86_64libmysqlclient.so.14()(64bit) is needed by (installed) mod_auth_mysql-2.6.1-2.2.x86_64libmysqlclient.so.14()(64bit) is needed by (installed) php-mysql-4.3.9-3.26.x86_64libmysqlclient.so.14()(64bit) is needed by (installed) cyrus-sasl-sql-2.1.19-14.x86_64libmysqlclient.so.14()(64bit) is needed by (installed) dovecot-0.99.11-9.EL4.x86_64libmysqlclient.so.14()(64bit) is needed by (installed) perl-DBD-MySQL-2.9004-3.1.x86_64libmysqlclient.so.14()(64bit) is needed by (installed) mysql-server-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64libmysqlclient.so.14()(64bit) is needed by (installed) freeradius-mysql-1.0.1-3.RHEL4.5.x86_64libmysqlclient.so.14(libmysqlclient_14)(64bit) is needed by (installed) php-mysql-4.3.9-3.26.x86_64libmysqlclient.so.14(libmysqlclient_14)(64bit) is needed by (installed) cyrus-sasl-sql-2.1.19-14.x86_64 libmysqlclient.so.14(libmysqlclient_14)(64bit) is needed by (installed) dovecot-0.99.11-9.EL4.x86_64libmysqlclient.so.14(libmysqlclient_14)(64bit) is needed by (installed) mysql-server-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64 libmysqlclient.so.14(libmysqlclient_14)(64bit) is needed by (installed) freeradius-mysql-1.0.1-3.RHEL4.5.x86_64libmysqlclient_r.so.14()(64bit) is needed by (installed) MySQL-python-1.2.1_p2-1.el4.1.x86_64libmysqlclient_r.so.14()(64bit) is needed by (installed) mysql-server-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64libmysqlclient_r.so.14(libmysqlclient_14)(64bit) is needed by (installed) MySQL-python-1.2.1_p2-1.el4.1.x86_64libmysqlclient_r.so.14(libmysqlclient_14)(64bit) is needed by (installed) mysql-server-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64说明：提示以上依赖关系----逐项删除以上依赖条件[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e cyrus-sasl-sql-2.1.19-14.i386[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e MySQL-python-1.2.1_p2-1.el4.1.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mysql-bench-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mysql-server-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mysql-devel-4.1.22-2.el4.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e freeradius-mysql-1.0.1-3.RHEL4.5.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mod_auth_mysql-2.6.1-2.2.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e php-mysql-4.3.9-3.26.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e cyrus-sasl-sql-2.1.19-14.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -e dovecot-0.99.11-9.EL4.x86_64[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e perl-DBD-MySQL-2.9004-3.1.x86_64----再次删除所有的MySQL包[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --allmatches mysql-4.1.22-2.el4 ----确认删除成功[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q mysqlpackage mysql is not installed----再次安装MySQL包----安装Server端[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-community-5.1.48-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpmwarning: MySQL-server-community-5.1.48-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 5072e1f5Preparing...########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-server-community########################################### [100%] PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQLroot USER !To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h localhost.localdomain password 'new-password'Alternatively you can run:/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installationwhich will also give you the option of removing the testdatabases and anonymous user created by default. This isstrongly recommended for production servers.See the manual for more instructions.Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!Notes regarding SELinux on this platform:====================================== ===The default policy might cause server startup to fail because it isnot allowed to access critical files. In this case, please update your installation.The default policy might also cause inavailability of SSL relatedfeatures because the server is not allowed to access /dev/randomand /dev/urandom. If this is a problem, please do the following:1) install selinux-policy-targeted-sources from your OS vendor2) add the following two lines to /etc/selinux/targeted/src/policy/domains/program/mysqld.te:allow mysqld_t random_device_t:chr_file read;allow mysqld_t urandom_device_t:chr_file read;3) cd to /etc/selinux/targeted/src/policy and issue the following command:make loadStarting MySQL..[ OK ]Giving mysqld 2 seconds to start----安装Client端[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-community-5.1.48-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpmwarning: MySQL-client-community-5.1.48-1.rhel4.x86_64.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 5072e1f5Preparing...########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-client-community########################################### [100%] 说明：从以上输出可以看到安装成功3．配置MySQL安装结束后，一般不需要任何设置即可启动MySQL服务，因为每个参数都有一个默认值；对初学者来说，也许不知怎么设置，为此MySQL提供了几个模版文件（Linux：/usr/share/mysql），如：/doc/e65390092.html,f、/doc/e65390092.html,f、/doc/e65390092.html,f、/doc/e65390092.html,f、/doc/e65390092.html,f，分别代表不同的配置（从名字也能看出），根据实际情况选择不同的配置文件复制到/etc 下，并改名为/doc/e65390092.html,f，MySQL 启动时会读取此文件中的参数配置。
redhat5使用centos5的yum源
此处将其备份起来，供意外恢复时使用，如有其他的相关的源设置，都要删除，或是采用以上方法备份。
删除RHEL5自带的YUM及YUM组件
使用rpm -qa | grep yum列出所有相关的包，把它们都删掉，如果因依赖性不能删除，就使用--nodeps参数删除。
下面就可以来进行CentOS源的设置了：
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
Redhat 5 使用 centos 5 更新 并配置 yum源
2010年01月09日 星期六 13:45
配置yum
要使用CentOS的源，就得将RHEL的更新源移除，或是禁用掉，并且需要将RHEL5自带的YUM工具删除。
#cd /etc/yum.repos.d
#mv rhel-debuginfo.repo rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak
/centos/5.1/os/$basearch/
/centos/5.1/os/$basearch/
/centos/5.1/extras/$basearch/
/centos/5.1/os/$basearch/
/centos/5.1/os/$basearch/
/centos/5.1/os/$basearch/
/centos/5.1/os/$basearch/
/centos/5.1/os/$basearch/
/centos/5.1/contrib/$basearch/
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
用Centos5搭建RHEL4的使用的yum服务器最近公司要做一个内部的软件升级系统。
由于现有架上服务器操作系统基本都是RedHat AS4 update2或者RedHat AS4 update4，而使用rhn来升级不太符合公司现状，考虑到CentOS和Redhat的兼容性相当的好，所以打算建立一个yum服务器，为架上服务器提供CentOS 4.7的源（写这篇文章时4.7是版本4里最新的），来升级陈旧的软件。
我们选择了当前最新的centos5.2来架设yum服务器。
下面是我的步骤，写下来，念想，：）benxiong2008-11-04一、yum服务器1.环境OS： CentOS5.2IP： 192.168.254.1282.需要安装的软件包安装完操作系统后，默认已经安装如下的包：yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-2.el5yum-updatesd-0.9-2.el5yum-3.2.8-9.el5.centos.1为了搭建服务器，我们还需要安装如下两个包：createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5 (iso镜象文件里有)yum-arch-2.2.2-2.el5.noarch.rpm 它的下载地址如下：/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/4852179/com/yum-arch-2.2.2-2.el5.noarch.rpm.html使用#rpm -Uvh *.rpm 来安装。
3.配置httpd，并创建目录安装操作系统时，选择安装http的包。
由于我们是内部使用，所以采用默认配置即可，这里只需要启动httpd服务，并配置成开机自启动即可，命令如下：接下来，我们创建用于存放rpm包的目录，命令如下:4.下载最新的CentOS 4.7的包这里使用wget将源上的rpm包抓了下来，大概4.4G，比较耗时，命令如下：下载完成后，我们可以看到相应的i386目录下都是rpm包，当然还有一些无用的index.html文件，可以到相应目录下删除，命令如下：#rm -f index.html*注：细心的朋友可能发现，我们要建立centos4.7的源，怎么下载路径里是4呢? 这是因为目录4总是和版本4里最新的版本目录建立连接，你可以发现此时4和4.7是一样的，^_^5.下载RPM-GPG-KEY-centos4，并将其放入i386目录下6.RPM分析，会在目录下产生 heaers 目录7.createrepo生成 XML metadata，会在相应目录下创建repodata目录ok，我们yum服务器的设置就完成了。
二、yum客户端1.安装yum包我们这里的架上服务器都是RadHat AS4 U2或U4的，所以要在其上安装yum。
需要的软件包如下：centos-yumconf-4-4.5.noarch.rpmpython-elementtree-1.2.6-5.el4.centos.i386.rpmpython-sqlite-1.1.7-1.2.1.i386.rpmpython-urlgrabber-2.9.8-2.noarch.rpmsqlite-3.3.6-2.i386.rpmyum-2.4.3-4.el4.centos.noarch.rpmyum-metadata-parser-1.0-8.el4.centos.i386.rpmcentos-yumconf-4-4.5.noarch.rpm的下载地址为：/index.php3/stat/4/idpl/2665731/com/centos-yumconf-4-4.5.noarch.rpm.html其它的包都可以到下面找到：/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS使用#rpm -Uvh *.rpm 安装2.将原先的centos库去除并添加AS4库[root@yumclient ~]#rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo[root@yumclient ~]#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/as4-update.repo ＃添加如下内容好了，至此yum已经可以使用了。
3.验证我们使用yum来安装firefox来验证一下，：）[root@yumclient yum.repos.d]# yum install firefoxSetting up Install ProcessSetting up repositoriesReading repository metadata in from local filesParsing package install argumentsResolving Dependencies--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.---> Downloading header for firefox to pack into transaction set.firefox-3.0.2-3.el4.cento 100% |=========================| 75 kB 00:00---> Package firefox.i386 0:3.0.2-3.el4.centos set to be updated--> Running transaction check--> Processing Dependency: evolution28-pango for package: firefox--> Processing Dependency: evolution28-gtk2 for package: firefox--> Processing Dependency: nss >= 3.11.99.5 for package: firefox--> Processing Dependency: nspr >= 4.7.0.99.2 for package: firefox--> Processing Dependency: libnssutil3.so for package: firefox--> Processing Dependency: evolution28-cairo for package: firefox--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.---> Downloading header for evolution28-gtk2 to pack into transaction set.evolution28-gtk2-2.10.4-2 100% |=========================| 61kB 00:00---> Package evolution28-gtk2.i386 0:2.10.4-22.el4 set to be updated---> Downloading header for evolution28-cairo to pack into transaction set.evolution28-cairo-1.2.4-6 100% |=========================| 9.0kB 00:00---> Package evolution28-cairo.i386 0:1.2.4-6.el4 set to be updated---> Downloading header for evolution28-pango to pack into transaction set.evolution28-pango-1.14.9- 100% |=========================| 20kB 00:00---> Package evolution28-pango.i386 0:1.14.9-7.el4 set to be updated---> Downloading header for nss to pack into transaction set.nss-3.12.1.1-1.el4.centos 100% |=========================| 8.1kB 00:00---> Package nss.i386 0:3.12.1.1-1.el4.centos set to be updated---> Downloading header for nspr to pack into transaction set.nspr-4.7.1-1.el4.i386.rpm 100% |=========================| 3.1kB 00:00---> Package nspr.i386 0:4.7.1-1.el4 set to be updated--> Running transaction check--> Processing Dependency: evolution28-atk >= 1.9.0-1 for package: evolution28-gtk2--> Processing Dependency: evolution28-glib2 >= 2.12.0-1 for package: evolution28-gtk2 --> Processing Dependency: evolution28-glib2 for package: evolution28-pango--> Processing Dependency: evolution28-glib2 >= 2.12.0-1 for package: evolution28-pango--> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes.--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.---> Downloading header for evolution28-atk to pack into transaction set.evolution28-atk-1.12.2-4. 100% |=========================| 18kB 00:00---> Package evolution28-atk.i386 0:1.12.2-4.el4 set to be updated---> Downloading header for evolution28-glib2 to pack into transaction set.evolution28-glib2-2.12.3- 100% |=========================| 25kB 00:00---> Package evolution28-glib2.i386 0:2.12.3-6.el4 set to be updated--> Running transaction checkDependencies Resolved======================================================== =====================Package Arch Version Repository Size======================================================== =====================Installing:firefox i386 3.0.2-3.el4.centos update 19 MInstalling for dependencies:evolution28-atk i386 1.12.2-4.el4 base 217 kevolution28-cairo i386 1.2.4-6.el4 base 358 kevolution28-glib2 i386 2.12.3-6.el4 base 631 kevolution28-gtk2 i386 2.10.4-22.el4 update 6.4 Mevolution28-pango i386 1.14.9-7.el4 base 306 knspr i386 4.7.1-1.el4 update 101 knss i386 3.12.1.1-1.el4.centos update 974 kTransaction Summary======================================================== =====================Install 8 Package(s)Update 0 Package(s)Remove 0 Package(s)Total download size: 28 MIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:(1/8): evolution28-atk-1. 100% |=========================| 217kB 00:00(2/8): evolution28-glib2- 100% |=========================| 631kB 00:00(3/8): evolution28-gtk2-2 100% |=========================| 6.4MB 00:00(4/8): evolution28-cairo- 100% |=========================| 358kB 00:00(5/8): evolution28-pango- 100% |=========================| 306kB 00:00(6/8): firefox-3.0.2-3.el 100% |=========================| 19MB 00:01(7/8): nss-3.12.1.1-1.el4 100% |=========================| 974kB 00:00(8/8): nspr-4.7.1-1.el4.i 100% |=========================| 101kB 00:00warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 443e1821Public key for evolution28-atk-1.12.2-4.el4.i386.rpm is not installedRetrieving GPG key from http://192.168.254.128/yum/centos/4/os/i386/RPM-GPG-KEY-centos4Importing GPG key 0x443E1821 "CentOS-4 key <centos-4key@>"Is this ok [y/N]: yKey imported successfullyRunning Transaction TestFinished Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning TransactionInstalling: nspr ####################### [ 1/10]Installing: evolution28-cairo ####################### [ 2/10]Installing: evolution28-glib2 ####################### [ 3/10]Installing: evolution28-pango ####################### [ 4/10]Installing: nss ####################### [ 5/10]Installing: evolution28-atk ####################### [ 6/10]Installing: evolution28-gtk2 ####################### [ 7/10]Installing: firefox ####################### [ 8/10]Removing : seamonkey-nss ####################### [ 9/10]Removing : seamonkey-nspr ####################### [10/10] Installed: firefox.i386 0:3.0.2-3.el4.centosDependency Installed: evolution28-atk.i386 0:1.12.2-4.el4 evolution28-cairo.i386 0:1.2.4-6.el4 evolution28-glib2.i386 0:2.12.3-6.el4 evolution28-gtk2.i386 0:2.10.4-22.el4 evolution28-pango.i386 0:1.14.9-7.el4 nspr.i3860:4.7.1-1.el4 nss.i386 0:3.12.1.1-1.el4.centosComplete!。