TAPESCRIPT for Chapter 1, book 1
book1NewHorizonVLS1_Tapescripts of Unit4

3. M: Do you have Simon’s mobile phone number? A well-known scientist from the States is giving a speech on global warming in the Science Museum. I’m sure Simon would be interested.
1. They are planning to have their picnic on the weekend.
2. They will be able to have a volleyball match, one class against another.
3. It’ll be fine, and maybe a little cloudy, but there’ll be definitely no rain.
(next morning)
M: There’s terrible weather! It’s raining buckets!
W: There’s no way we can go out in that. Those weatherman are useless—I hope they had a picnic today too.
M: I don’t know what’s happened to the weather these days. When I was little, we never had this much rain in the summer.
W: I AGREE. And have you noticed that winter is warmer now as well? We always used to get snow in January. Now winter is more like spring!
2005.1-tapescript

2005.1 Tapescript1.W: Can you install the equipment for me?M: It’s very heavy. It will be OK if you can find another hand.Q: What does the man mean?2. W: Marvin, congratulations on your winning such a great award.M: All the honor should go to my colleagues.Q: What does the man mean?3.W: Do you know what happened toJack?M: I don’t care what happened to him. W: I know you feel sick of hearing his name, but he was seriously injured in a car accident.Q: What is the man’s attitude towards Jack?4.M: Mary, I bought an old vase for tendollars but it turned out to be more than five hundred years old!W: You’ve gotta be kidding . That must be an imitation.Q: What does the woman mean?5.W: Hey, Frank, you look upset. Is itthe problem with the project?M: Yeah, I can’t come up with a solution.Q: What’s wrong with the man?6.W: You look tired. How was theconference?M: I felt so rushed all the time. It took me half the time to fly to and from it. I’m not sure if it was worth it.Q: What does the man think about the conference?7.M: I’ve got a C on the biology test, soI have to talk to the professor tochange it.W: That will get you nowhere. The only thing you can do is to do it better next time.Q: What does the woman mean?8.M: I can’t put up with what Joe said atthe meeting. That was an insult to me. W: But you should be outspoken about this.Q: What is the woman’s suggestion?9.M: How did you enjoy the party lastnight, Sally?W: Enjoy the party? I was wondering why everyone gave me the cold shoulder. M: Maybe they disliked the way you were dressed.Q: What happened to the woman at the party?Mini-Talk OneLast month, two American trade groups announced measures designed to improve the living conditions and treatment of farm animals. The groups are the Food Marketing Institute and the National Council of Chain Restaurants. They represent thousands of food stores and eating places across the country.Animal rights activists have long urged the American food industry to establish rules for the treatment of farm animals. They say the new measures are a good first step. The new measures call for all farm animals to have enough food, water and space to live. They include a number of issues about the treatment of farm animals. For example, one measure says farmers should stop starving chickens to make them lay more eggs. Another sayspregnant pigs should not be housed in very small metal boxes. And all animals should be unconscious and feel no pain before the year killed. The trade groups say they are now developing ways to make sure food suppliers honor the new measures. They say additional measures will be announced next month.10.What are the newly announcedmeasures about?11.According to the talk, why don’tsome farmers give enough food to hens?12. Which is mentioned as one of the new measures?Mini-Talk TwoThe president of the United States has approved a project to bury nuclear waste m,aterial under Yucca Mountain in the state of Nevada. The project calls for burymore than seventy-thousand tons of radioactive nuclear waste material.The material includes used nuclear fuel from power centers sand waste from the production of nuclear weapons. The waste is now stored at more than one-hundred-thrity power centers in almost forty states. However, these power centers have little storage space left.The federal government owns Yucca Mountain. No one lives there. It is in an extremely dry area more than one-hundred-forty –five kilometers northwest of Las Vegas.However, there is much oppostion to the plan. Opponents include envrionmental groups and Nevada state officials. They say the area is near inactive volcanoes and has experienced earthquakes. Movements in the earth could spread the radioactive material.Now the Energy Department must provideevidence about the safety of the project. Supporters of the project hope it will begin in 2010. However, opponents say they will continue to fight against it.12.Where is the nuclear waste stored atthe present time?13.14. Why does the United Statesdecide to find a new area to dispose of the nuclear waste?14.15. Why do the environmentalgroups and some Nevada state officials oppose the plan?Section C.Rain Forest is an aea of woodland characterized by heavy vegetation and comparatively high temperature an rainfall throughout the year. Rain forests are the world’s most biologically diverse ecosystems. Althugh they account for less than 7 percent of the land surface on Earth, some scientists estimate they contain ashigh as 90 percent of its plant and animal species. One hectare of tropical rain forest may contain more than 600 species of trees. Even more impressive are the number and diversity of animal species that call rain forests their home.Rain forests also play a critical role in global climate regulation by absorbing carbon dioxide, a gas believed to be partially responsible for global warming. Plants naturally absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen gas, and tropical rain forests abosorb more carbon dioxide than any other ecosystem on earth. Global output of carbon dioxide has increased nearly 30 percent in the last centry. Thre is general agreement among the scientific community that by absorbing some of the gas, rain forests play a vital role in lessening its impacts.To be classified as a rain forest, the treetops, or crowns, must touch each other,creating a shaded forest interior. In addition, temperature and rainfall must be high and relatively even throughout the year. Forests that meet these criterial are usually found on the two sides of the equator, such as in South and Central America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. In South America, a vast, forested area of the Amazon River basin in Brazil and neighboring countries is by far the largest rain forest in the world. It encompassess more than 3.5 million sq km- about half of the tatal global rain forest cover.[文档可能无法思考全面,请浏览后下载,另外祝您生活愉快,工作顺利,万事如意!]。
Test for Chapter 1

b. $500.
c. $50,000.
d. This cannot be determined from the information given.
Answer: B
8. Suppose the cost of flying a 100-seat plane for an airline is $50,000 and there are 10 empty seats on a flight. The marginal cost of flying a passenger is a. $50. b. $500. c. $50,000. d. This cannot be determined from the information given. Answer: D
Answer: D
2. John is an athlete. He has $120 to spend and wants to buy either a heart rate monitor or new running shoes. Both the heart rate monitor and running shoes cost $120, so he can only buy one. This illustrates the principle that
3. Refer to Scenario 1-1. What is your opportunity cost of going to the movies? $12.50 and 10 points on your exam grade
10. It costs a company $35,000 to produce 500 calculators. The company’s cost will be $35,050 if it produces an additional calculator. If the company produces 500 calculators then a. its average cost is greater than its marginal cost. b. its average cost and its marginal cost are equal. c. its average cost is less than its marginal cost. d. This cannot be determined from the information given. Answer: A
Gossip Girl系列第一至十一本前传(电子书)说明书

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码链第一章读后感想

码链第一章读后感想英文回答:The first chapter of "Codex" by Douglas Hofstadter introduces the concept of a "strange loop," which is a recursive structure that refers to itself. Hofstadter uses this concept to explore the nature of consciousness, self-awareness, and free will. He argues that strange loops are essential for understanding the human experience and that they may even be the key to unlocking the mysteries of artificial intelligence.Hofstadter begins by discussing the concept of self-reference, which is the ability of a system to refer to itself. He shows how self-reference can lead to strange loops, such as the famous "Liar's Paradox" ("This statement is false"). Strange loops, he argues, are not simplylogical curiosities but are essential for understanding the complex systems that we live in.Hofstadter then goes on to discuss the role of strange loops in consciousness and self-awareness. He argues that consciousness is a strange loop in which the mind refers to itself. This self-referential nature of consciousness, he believes, is what gives us the ability to think about our own thoughts and to experience the world from our own unique perspective.Finally, Hofstadter discusses the implications of strange loops for free will. He argues that strange loops may be the key to understanding how we make decisions and how we exercise free will. He suggests that free will is not simply the ability to choose between different options but is instead the ability to create new options and to change our own minds.Hofstadter's ideas are complex and challenging, but they offer a fascinating new way of thinking about the human experience. His work is essential reading for anyone interested in the nature of consciousness, self-awareness, and free will.中文回答:在道格拉斯·霍夫施塔特的《码链》一书的第一章中,他引入了“奇异环”的概念,这是一个指向自身的递归结构。
tapescript的用法

Tapescript是一种用于编写和调试Tape语言的脚本语言。
Tape是一种基于文本的编程语言,它使用类似于汇编语言的语法来描述计算机程序。
Tapescript是Tape语言的一种脚本语言,它允许用户使用更高级的语法来编写和调试Tape程序。
Tapescript的用法非常简单,它与Tape语言紧密集成,可以在Tape程序中直接使用。
以下是一些Tapescript的基本用法:
定义变量:
x = 10
y = 20
控制结构:
IF x > y THEN
PRINT "x is greater than y"
ELSE
PRINT "x is not greater than y"
END IF
循环结构:
FOR i = 1 TO 10 DO
PRINT i
END FOR
函数定义和调用:
DEF add(a, b) = a + b
PRINT add(10, 20)
注释:
; This is a comment
调用其他程序或脚本:
CALL other_program.tapescript
使用Tapescript编写和调试Tape程序可以大大提高开发效率。
它提供了一种更高级的语法,使得编写和理解程序变得更加容易。
同时,Tapescript还支持调试功能,可以帮助开发人员快速定位和修复程序中的错误。
安徽省“江南十校”2023-2024学年高三下学期3月联考英语试题含答案

2024届安徽省“江南十校”联考(答案在最后)英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号框涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题,每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.£19.15B.f9.18C.£9.15答案是 C.1.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】Why did the woman stop playing the piano?A.She didn’t really enjoy it.B.She wasn’t very good at it.C.She didn’t have enough time.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I just love the piano.There’s an endless variety of music that can be played on it.W:I really enjoy it too.I used to be really good at piano actually.But I stopped playing in high school because I was so busy.2.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】What does the woman mean?A.She is full.B.She wants some cake.C.She doesn’t like the meal.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Can I offer you another piece of cake?W:Thank you.If I had it,I would burst.It’s nice of you to prepare this meal for me.M:Great.As long as you enjoyed it.3.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】What is the relationship between the speakers?A.Teacher and student.B.Doctor and patient.C.Husband and wife.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:So,tell me sir,when did you first notice the problem with your leg?I will examine it later.M:I was at a restaurant with my wife and friends about three weeks ago.I suddenly felt a sharp pain.4.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】What time is it?A.9:30a.m.B.10:00a.m.C.10:30a.m.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:George,where have you been?You said nine o’clock.I’ve been waiting here for an hour and a half since then.M:I’m really sorry,Jenny.I set off at eight this morning,and would you believe I’ve been stuck in traffic?5.【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】How will the woman probably go to the airport?A.By taxi.B.By train.C.By bus.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Do you know if the last bus has gone?M:I’m afraid it left a couple of minutes ago.W:Oh no!Do you know where I can get a taxi to the airport?M:You can go to the Red Star Square near the railway station.There are usually a few taxis there.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
Tapescript of Unit 1

Unit 1Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsExercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions.Woman 1: I’ve got good news (1) for you!Woman 2: Oh, yes? Woman 1: I’m getting married.Man: Well, well! (2) Who’s the lucky man? Do we know him?Woman 1: Of course you (3) know him! It’s David!Woman 2: (4) That’s wonderful news!Man: I’m sure (5) you’ll be very happy.Woman 2: (6) When’s the wedding?Woman 1: Next June. (7) W e’re going to have a big June wedding!Woman 2: Are we invited?Woman 1: Of course! I hope you (8) can all come.Part 2 Listening and Note-takingTelephone rings for a long time.Operator: Redman Electronics. Can I help you?V oice: At last! Why don’t you answer the phone?Operator: I’m sorry. I was downstairs. V oice: Well, can I speak to Mr. Redman please? Operator: I’m afraid he isn’t here at the moment. He’s on holiday. He’s in the South of France.V oice: What about Mr. Gray — extension 322.Operator: Mr. Gray’s at home.V oice: Well, may I speak to Mr. Redman’s secretary?Operator: She isn’t in today. She’s at her sister’s.V oice: I see. Then I’d like to speak to Mr. Gray’s secretary.Operator: Miss Jones?V oice: That’s right.Operator: Sorry. She isn’t in. She’s gone to the hairdresser’s.V oice: Who is in today?Operator: Well, I am. But I’m going home soon. Who is it please?Exercise B: Complete the following sentences. Where are they?Mr. Redman is on holiday in the South of France.Mr. Gray is at home.Mr. Redman’s secretary is at her sister’s.Mr. Gray’s secretary, Miss Jones, is at the hairdresser’s.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1 HelloWoman 1: Professor Andrews, this is Dr. Baxter.Woman 2: How do you do?Man: How do you do?Man l: Hello, Al. How are you?Man 2: Fine, thanks, Eric. Nice to see you again.Woman I: Sally, do you know Steve?Woman 2: No, how do you do?Man: Hello, Sally. I’m glad to meet you.Man l: Tony, I’d like to introduce my friend Mary Parker.Man 2: Oh, hello. I’ve heard so much about you.Woman: Hello.Woman: May I introduce myself? My name is Susan Roper.Man: Oh, hello. I’m John Lee. I’m sorry. I didn’t catch your name.Exercise: Listen to some people talking at a party. Who is talking to whom? Who has known whom before? Complete the following sentences. Names in the box are for your reference.1. Professor Andrews is talking to Dr. Baxter.2. A1 is talking to Eric.3. Sally is talking to Steve.4. Tony is talking to Mary Parker.5. Susan Roper is talking to John Lee.6. Al and Eric have known each other before.7. Tony has known Mary Parker before.Dialogue 2 Welcome to Bristol!Etienne has just arrived in England,Etienne: Hello, Are you Mrs. Baker? I’m Etienne Bertrand, from Switzerland.Mrs. Baker: Hello, Etienne. Come in. Welcome to Bristol.Etienne: Hello. Pleased to meet you, Mrs. Baker.Mrs. Baker: Oh, call me Nicola. And this is my husband, Nigel.Mr. Baker: How was your trip? No hijacks?Etienne: No, it was all right, thank you. But the plane was late and the airport was crowdedMr. Baker: Well, it’s the holiday season. You expect it at this time of the year. Here, let me take your bags upstairs.Etienne: Oh, that’s all right. I’ll take this one. It’s heavy.Mr. Baker: Well. Here’s your room. I hope it’s big enough for you and not too cold. We do have central heating but it doesn’t work very well There are extra blankets in the cupboard, I think. Oh, well… Nicola, where are the blankets? Let’s go down and meet the rest of the family.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. Etienne Bertrand is from Switzerland. (I’m Etienne Bertrand, from Switzerland.)T2. The Bakers are expecting Mr. Bertrand. (Mrs. Baker says “Hello, Etienne. Come in. Welcome to Bristol.”)T 3. There have probably been hijacks in recent days. (Mr. Baker sa ys “How was your trip? No hijacks?” and Etienne answers “No, it was all fight, thank you/” We may draw a conclusion that they were serious.)F 4. The plane was late because there had been a hijack attempt. (The plane was late probably because it was the holiday season.)T 5. The airport is usually crowded at this time of the year. (It is the holiday season.) T 6. It is probably still cold. (Mr. Baker mentions central heating and tells Etienne to use extra blankets if he feels too cold.)F 7. The central heating doesn’t work. (It doesn’t work very well.)T 8. Mr. Baker can’t find the blankets. (Mr. Baker asks Mrs. Baker where the blankets are.)Part 2 PassagesPassage 1 A young waiterThe most interesting part of the little town was the market square, which was surrounded by cafes, restaurants and small shops full of all kinds of cheap goods likely to attract tourists. At this time of the year it was not very crowded. It was a lovely day with only a few little white clouds, like puffs* of smoke, in the sky. It was not too hot, as it sometimes was during the summer, but pleasantly warm.Edward and Ann sat down at a table outside one of the cafes. After they had been sitting there enjoying the sunshine for a few minutes, a young waiter, not much more than a boy, came to take their order. He spoke no English, but after a lot of laughter and pointing at the menu, they thought they had managed to make him understand that all they wanted was ice cream. There were several flavors*, lemon, chocolate, coffee, orange and vanilla* and they both chose coffee, "I love coffee ice cream," said Ana.After a little while the waiter returned. He was carrying a big tray, which he set down very carefully on the table in front of Edward and Ann. There were two cups of coffee and two plain ice creams on the tray.“We didn’t order coffee,” said Edward crossly,“we ordered coffee ice cream. He ought to be able to understand simple English.”The waiter smiled and looked pleased.“No,” said Ann laughing, “it’s his country. We ought to be able to speak his language.”Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1. B2. C3. D4. B5. C6. C7. D8. ASection 3 Oral WorkPart 1 Questions and AnswersPeter and William have just arrived at the door of Peter’s house. Peter is looking in all his pockets.Peter: Oh dear. I can’t find my door key.Williams: If your sister Ann’s at home, she’ll let us in, won’t she?Peter: She’s out. The door wouldn’t be locked if she was at home.William: Let’s hope it doesn’t rain again then. If it does we’ll get soaked.Peter: I tell you what. If you let me climb on your shoulders, I’ll get in through the pantry window.William: Right. Up you go. (Sound effects) What’s the matter?Peter: It’s no good. If it were two inches wider, I could do it.William: And all the other windows are shut, otherwise it would be easy.Peter: I suppose we could break one.William: I don’t think your father would be very pleased if we did.Peter: No, I don’t suppose he would. Well, what shall we do?William: I don’t know. If only you weren’t so careless, you wouldn’t get into such trouble.Peter: Walt! What’s this in the grass?William: Your key! You must have dropped it when you came out. You really are careless.Peter: It’s lucky I am, really, otherwise we’d have to wait till Ann comes home. Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and then answer some questions about it. You will hear the dialogue and the questions only once. Answer each question with a complete sentence after you have heard it.Questions:1. What is Peter looking for?(He is looking for his door key.)2. Is Ann at home?(No, she is not at home.)3. What is William worrying about?(He is worrying about the weather.)4. What does Peter want to do?(He wants to get into the house through the pantry window.)5. Why can’t he get in through the window?(Because the window is not wide enough.)6. Peter’s father won’t mind if Peter breaks one of the windows, will he?(Yes, he will.)7. Where is the door key’?(It’s in the grass.)8. What does William think of Peter?(He thinks he is really careless.)Part 2 RetellingThe children had desperately wanted to go to the circus. Every day after school they had gone down to the field behind the pub to see what was happening. First the men had put up tile big tent, and then moved in all the seats, and finally they had fixed the coloured lights round the outside of the tent.In another part of the field, the children watched as the animals were fed and exercised. Sometimes, to their delight, two young women stood on the horses’ backs and galloped round and round.But the most exciting moment of all was when the trainer allowed them to watch him go into them lions’cage. The children were sure he would be attacked, but he came out again unhurt and smiling.At last the opening night came round. Then the most terrible thing happened; their mother forbade them to go because she said it was unkind to put animals in a circus. The children were unable to make her change her mind, and they had to sit at home while the music and lights in the field reminded them of what they were missing.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 Greetings and IntroductionsGreetings and introductions are an essential aspect of US culture. Their importance can never be overemphasized.In social situations, a man is traditionally introduced to a woman. However, in the business word introductions are based on a person’s rank or position in a company. Whoever is the highest-ranking person is introduced to everyone else in order of their position. If you introduce two people of equal rank to each other, introduce the one you know less well to the one you know better.There might be occasions wherein you will have to introduce yourself. For example, if you are meeting a new colleague or an associate, you might start off by extending your hand and saying “Hello! I am...” If you have been introduced earlier to someone, don’t assume that the person would remember you and be prepared to reintroduce yourself should it be necessary.Americans shake their hands when first introduced to a new person. Rarely they shake hands while parting. As a part of greeting, sometimes, social kissing is acceptable between men and women and also between women who know each othervery well.If you are with a group of English-speaking people and the conversation is going on in English, do not use your native or any foreign language for more than a few sentences, as it is not considered to be polite. Try to avoid using any filthy, sexually explicit stories or jokes. When you are in a theatre, it’s not polite to talk or whisper during the performance.Keys: 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. BPassage 2 American IndiansThe native people of North and South America were given the name “Indians”by the explorer Christopher Columbus. He thought he had reached a place called the Indies. In time, the terms American Indian and Indian became widely used. About 2,000,000 native Americans live in the United States today. Some Indians live on government lands called reservations, or on tribal lands. Others live in cities.Traditional culture remains strong in areas where large numbers of Indians live. But many native Americans worry that their cultural traditions will be lost as young people leave these areas for economic reasons.The economic situation of American Indians as a group is not good. About 50% of those who live on reservations have no jobs. Those who do have jobs earn less than other Americans. Most Indians hold low-paying unskilled jobs. Indians have many health problems and do not live as long as other Americans. But the situation is improving as more Indians are becoming educated. Today, most native Americans graduate from high school. At least 9% of all Indians 25 years old or older have finished college.The economic situation also has improved as native American tribes create businesses on their lands. One example is the Pequot tribe of the northeast. The tribe owns and operates a hotel, gambling casino, and a museum of its culture and history. Today, American Indians are trying to control their land without interference from the government. This includes control over hunting and fishing rights, and mining operations. They are trying to protect their land from pollution. And they are taking legal action to regain lost lands or to receive payment for them. American Indians are trying to change their economic situation, improve their lives and honor* their culture.Exercise: Listen to the passage about the American Indians and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1. C2. C3. D4. A5. C6. BPart 2 Oral WorkI work in a small office from 9 till 5 Monday to Friday. Occasionally my boss asks me to come in on a Saturday morning as well. I don’t earn a large salary and my job is rather dull, really. But I have a secret dream. My dream is to make a return flight to New York on Concorde. I know people say rude things about it. They say that it’s noisy and expensive and that it uses too much fuel, and ...My problem is that I can only afford to put aside £5 a week and a return ticket to New York costs over £1,000. Then of course New York is quite an expensive city, they say. Never mind. One day, perhaps...Exercise: Listen to the passage and then give your opinion on the following topics.1. Do you think the speaker’s secret dream could be realized? If so, how?2. What is your dream? What will you do to realize your own dream?。
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PATESCRIPTPART TWO LISTENING ATTACK STRATEGIES⒈Using What You Already KnowExercise 1Student: Excuse me.Counselor: Yes?Student: Do I need to make an appointment to register for an ESL class?Counselor: No, but you first have to take a placement test.Student: A test?Counselor: We need to find out what your ESL level is.Student: Oh, okay. Where do I go to take the test?Counselor: We will be giving the test tomorrow at 3 o’clock in room 303. Can you come then?Student: Yes.Counselor: Good. Now, let me give you some forms to fill out so we can begin the registration process. Please write your name and address here, and your ID number here. Student: Okay. What do I write under teacher and section?Counselor: You can leave those blank. We’ll fill it in t omorrow.Exercise 2Student A: I didn’t really understand what Ms. Smith was saying about the id, the superego and the ego.Student B: Oh, that’s easy. Look here on page 53. The id is the part of our personality that wants instant gratification. The ego tries to help the id get what it wants, but in a logical and practical way. The superego is like the personality’s police force. It monitors the id and the ego.Student A: Oh. I think I’m getting it. You mean the id, ego and superego are all part of our personality?Student B: Right. They are all interacting.Student A: Do you think we’ll need to give definitions?Student B: I don’t know. We may just have to match the names with the definitions. But we’d better study this some more just to be safe.⒉Scanning for the Main IdeaA: I can’t believe it’s closed! I’ve got a class from 7 o’clock to 10 o’clock. What am I going to do?B: Well, there are some food machines in the Student Union. You could always go there.A: No way! I tried that once last semester and I got as sick as a dog. There’s got to be something better.B: Well, we can go down to Main Street. There are a couple of places that I’m sure are open.A: We’d never make it back in time. It’s already 6:40. I think I’ll pass out if I don’t get something. I came here right from work. I didn’t have time to stop by myapartment.B: I think there’s a stand in front of Smith Hall. You can at least get something warm there.A: Well, I guess we don’t have any other choice.B: Yeah, it’s either the canteen or three hours of listening to your stomach growl.⒊Scanning for the Important PointsTeacher: Good evening, class. Before we begin tonight’s lesson, I want to remind you about next Thursday’s midterm. Remember to review chapters one through eight in the book. You will be responsible for knowing all of the information in the chapters plus all of the other topics we have discussed in class. This test will include multiple choice, True/False, and essay questions. You will not be able to use any books, notes or dictionaries.(Bell Sound)Now, last week, I spoke about the importance of using note cards and visual aids to prepare your speeches. Tonight I’m going to talk about specific things that will help you with your speech delivery. Please take careful notes so you can use those techniques to improve your speech delivery.The first and perhaps the most important element of good speech delivery is eye contact. It is extremely important, especially in the English-speaking world, to make eye contact with your entire audience. This may be very difficult for you if you come from a culture where making direct eye contact is a sign of disrespect. But, you really need to practice this skill until you are comfortable looking directly at all of your audience members when you are speaking to them. Please note that you need to look at the entire audience. Please don’t direct your attention to just one person or one side of the room, and really be sure not to stare into the eyes of anyone for too long of a period.(Bell Sound)Next, you need to make sure that when you talk to your audience, you are enthusiastic about your topic and excited to share it with your audience. Vitality is a way of maintaining the audience’s attention and indicating to them that you firmly believe in what you are saying. Volume, intonation, facial expressions, and gestures all add to the vitality of your speech. Think about a speaker you really liked. Did he or she just stand there and read words from apiece of paper? No, of course not. Probably the speaker was full of like and his or her energy forced you into becoming involved in caring about the topic of the speech.(Bell Sound)⒋Inferencing (Making Intelligent Guesses)Dr. Stevens: Ted, can I speak to you a minute?Ted: Yes, Dr. Stevens?Dr. Stevens: I finished reading your essay and before I return it to you, I was hoping you might be able to come in and speak with me about it.Ted: Oh, uh, okay, sure.Dr. Stevens: Can you come during my office hours?Ted: I think so. When are they begin?Dr. Stevens: Tues days and Thursdays from 3 o’clock until 4:30.Ted: That’s no problem. Oh, wait a minute, I have football practice every day from 2 o’clock until 5 o’clock.Dr. Stevens: Hmm. Well, how about if we get together tomorrow right before class?Ted: Sure.⒌Scanning for Specific Pieces of InformationYou have reached the Student Union Activity Hotline. The following is a list of information and events for Thursday, September 18.The Student Union is open from 7:00 AM until 11:30 PM. The cafeteria will be serving bre akfast from 7 o’clock until 8:30, lunch from 11 o’clock until 1 o’clock, and dinner from 5 o’clock until 7 o’clock. The snack bar will be open from 9:00 AM – 8:00 PM.Assembly member Carole Berg will be speaking on the topic: “Parity Pay for Women: It’s Still Not Here.” Assemblywoman Berg will speak in the Oak Room form 9 0’clock until 10 o’clock. Admission is free, and a question/answer period will follow.The Student Council will meet in room 27 from noon until 1:30. Elections will be held for all major offices. All students are welcome.The campus folk dance club meets in the Green Room from 2 o’clock until 5 o’clock today. All are welcome to attend; dance experience is not necessary.Bette Milder will be performing live in the Campus Corner Cabaret. The show begins at 8 o’clock. Tickets are available at the Ticket Office. All seats are $7.00.Tonight’s movie, the experimental “Dial Tones,” will be shown in the Union theatre at 7:00 and 9:00 PM. Tickets for both shows are $5.00 and are available at the ticket office.If you have missed anything on this recording, please press the pound key for the message to repeat. Thank you for calling the Student Union.⒍Using Context CluesExercise 1Student A: Let’s exchange phone numbers. That way, if one of us is absent, we can call each other for the homework assignments.Student B: That’s a great idea. My number is 555-Student A: Wait a second, this pen just died. Let me get another one.Student B: Here, take my pencil.Student A: Thanks. Okay, what was it?Student B: 555-1234.Narr a tor: You may not have understood the sentence, Wait a second, this pen just died. However, by focusing on the context around the sentence, it is easy to make a good guess. Listen to the sentence and its context again.Narrator: SENTENCEStudent A: Wait a second, this pen just diedNarrator: CONTEXTStudent A: Wait a second, this pen just diedStudent B: Here, take my pencil.Narrator: SENTENCEStudent A: Wait a second, this pen just diedNarrator: What does Wait a second, this pen just died mean? Look in your book and circle the correct answer.Exercise 2NARRATOR: 1 SENTENCEB: He’s a real stickler.NARRATOR: CONTEXTA: Who’s your history professor?B: I’m in Dr. Leydorf’s class.A: Oh. How is he?B: The class is interesting and I real ly like him, but he’s a real stickler. If you’re more than fifteen minutes late, he marks you absent, and you have to hand in every assignment on time or he lowers your grade.A: Ooh! He sounds really tough.NARRATOR: SENTENCEB: He’s a real stickler.NARRATOR: 2 SENTENCEB: You could have knocked me over with a feather!NARRATOR: CONTEXTA: How did you do on your composition?B: Oh, you wont’ believe it. I hadn’t worked on it very long and I didn’t have time to check it over. When the teacher returned it to me with an “A” on it, you could have knocked me over with a feather!A: Wos. That’s great. You must be really smart.B: Or else just lucky.NARRATOR: SENTENCEB: You could have knocked me over with a feather!NARRATOR: 3 SENTENCEB: I’ve got to cram fo r a test.NARRATOR: CONTEXTA: Let’s go to a movie tonight.B: Sorry, I’ve got to cram for a test tonight. I haven’t had a chance to study before now. A: Well, how about going to the late show?B: No. I’m going to need a good night’s sleep. I want to make sure that I’m ready for the test.NARRATOR: SENTENCEB: I’ve got to cram for a test.NARRATOR: 4 SENTENCEA: Let’s get cracking.NARRATOR: CONTEXTA: All right. WE promised each other we’d get this report done today. Let’s get cracking. B: Aw, it’s such a beautiful day. Can’t we go for a walk and do this later?A: No, we’ll need to return these books to the library by five o’clock. We really have to do this now.NARRATOR: SENTENCEA: Let’s get cracking.NARRATOR: 5 SENTENCEB: Fat chance.NARRATOR: CONTEXTA: Gee. It’s already a quarter after ten. Maybe Ms. Hughes is absent today.B: Fat chance. She’s never been absent a day in her life. I was in her class last year and she even came in when she had the flu.A: Well I guess she really loves teaching. Oh, here she comes now.NARRATOR: SENTENCEB: Fat chance.⒎Using Structure and Intonation Clues: Using StructureExercise 1(1)I’m taking Biology 101 this semester.(2)I’m going to the Student Union at 7:00.(3)We are discussing parapsychological phenomena.(4)When are you returning to the computer lab?(5)We’re meeting with Dr. Stevens at the end of the lesson.Exercise 2(1)I am transcribing my sociology notes.(2)John is defending his dissertation on Tuesday.(3)We are forming a study group on the first day of class.(4)I’m applying for financial aid to help pay my tuition and expenses.(5)Ms. Wilson is correcting our essays over the weekend.Exercise 3(1)The professor is coming.(2)The professor is coming in a little while.(3)The Shakespeare Theater Group is performing Romeo and Juliet on the 17th.(4)The Shakespeare Theater Group is performing Romeo and Juliet.(5)The campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts.(6)The campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts duringSpring Break.Using Intonation Clues(1)I really wanted the new David Sedaris book. The professor in my contemporary litclass praised it all last semester. The bookstore hasn’t been able to get a singlecopy for the last month. Oh, well. Maybe I can find a copy on .(2)I used the new computer registration system to charge my tuition on my creditcard, and they totally messed it up. They were supposed to charge me $500 for the two art classes, and instead, it says that I’m enrolled in three history classes to the tune of $900. This is ridiculous!(3)Today is my graduation day. I am done! Now, I can finally spend my weekendsdoing something other than cramming for exams and writing term papers. Yippee!(4)This schedule is baffling. It says that English 90 is offered at both the midtownand downtown campuses, but the times are vague. Look here: does this nine mean AM or PM? Hmm, I’m stumped.(5)Oh yeah. I absolutely recommend professor Ponz. She’s a real dilly, let me tellyou. If you enjoy writing endless term papers on meaningless subjects,participating in class activities that have zero relevance to the topic of course, she’s the teacher for you!。