2016年秋八年级英语上册Module12HelpUnit3Languageinuse新课落实(新版)外研版

Unit 3Language in use●1 keep v. 保持；留在[观察] Keep clear of fires. 避开火。

Keep calm. 保持镇静。

[探究] 句中keep 是系动词，意为“保持(某种状态)”，其后常接形容词作表语。

Please keep quiet/silent！请保持安静！[拓展] (1)keep还可用作实义动词，其意义及用法如下：①意为“保管；保存；保留”。

Please keep these things for me while I am away. 在我离开期间，请你替我保管这些东西。

②意为“赡养；饲养”。

I used to keep sheep in my childhood.我在孩提时养过羊。

③意为“经营”。

Her father has kept the grocery store for a number of years.她父亲经营这家杂货店有些年了。

④意为“坚持；继续”，后面若接动词，要用 v．­ing 形式。

If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress.如果你坚持练习英语口语，你会很快取得巨大的进步。

⑤意为“阻止；阻碍”，常用于“keep sb./sth. from doing sth. ”结构中，其中介词 from 不能省略。

The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。

⑥意为“保持”，其后常接复合宾语，表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。

a. keep＋sb./sth.＋介词(短语)If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.如果你觉得手冷，就把它们放在口袋里。

b. keep＋sb./sth.＋形容词These gloves will keep your hands warm.这些手套保暖(效果)好。

c. keep＋sb./sth.＋副词The cold weather kept us indoors.寒冷的天气使得我们足不出户。

(2)keep构成的动词短语有keep in touch (with…) (与……)保持联系keep…out (of) 把……关在外面keep up 保持；使……不能入睡keep one's/an eye on 照管，密切注视keep away (from) 离开；不接近；戒除keep in mind 牢记keep one's word 遵守诺言keep up with 与……同步；跟上间动词，不能与表示一段时间的短语连用；buy意为“买”，不符合句意；只有keep(保留) 符合句意。

( )(3)白银中考Some of the tired students keep their eyes ________ in breaks.A. openedB. closeC. closedD. open[答案] C●2 under prep. 在……正下方；在……下面[观察] Hide under a table. 藏在桌子下。

There is a pair of shoes under the bed.床底下有一双鞋子。

[探究] under一般指在表面之下。

[辨析] above, on与over(1)above 表示“在某物的上方”，强调高于某一点或某一物体，但不一定在垂直的正上方，其反义词为below。

另外， above还可表示温度。

There is a light above the table. 桌子上方悬挂着一盏灯。

(above不强调正上方) The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime. 白天温度将在零度以上。

(2)on强调某物在另一物体的表面上，两者为接触关系。

There is a book on the desk. 课桌上有一本书。

(3)over 多指某物在另一物体的正上方，两者不接触，但强调垂直关系，其反义词为under。

另外，over还可表示“跨越”的意思。

The lamp is right over our heads.灯就在我们头的正上方。

There is a stone bridge over the river.河上有一座石桥。

下面这幅图能帮助大家更清楚地了解它们之间的区别：[注意] (1)在不强调垂直关系时，above和over可互换。

The sky is clear and blue over/above our heads. 我们头顶上是晴朗蔚蓝的天空。

(2)表示“(年龄)大于”、“(价钱)高于”、“(重量)超过”等时，above和over可互换。

There is nothing in this shop over/above one dollar.这个店里没有一样东西价钱超过一美元。

Applicants must be above/over the age of 21.申请人年龄必须超过二十一岁。

●1 Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them.地震总是发生得很突然，所以很难给予人们预警。

[探究] (1)warn 是动词，意为“警告，告诫”，其用法如下：①warn sb. of/about sth.警告/提醒某人某事They warned us about the tigers in the forest.他们警告我们要注意森林中的老虎。

②warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人(不)要做某事He warned Peter to keep away from his daughter.他警告彼得离他女儿远点。

③warn sb. against doing sth.告诫某人不要做某事My teacher warned me against being late again.老师警告我不要再迟到了。

④warn sb. ＋that从句警告某人……They warned her that she would lose her job.他们警告她说她将丢掉工作。

(2)“It's＋形容词＋(for sb.) to do sth.”意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。

●2 In the mountains, be careful of falling rocks. 在山里时，要小心滚落的岩石。

[探究] be careful of…意为“注意/小心……”，后接名词、动名词或从句。

Be careful of what they have said.注意他们说的话。

[拓展] (1)be careful with意为“小心……”，用于嘱咐别人小心做事，介词with 后接名词或动名词。

(2)常用结构：be careful (not) to do意为“小心(不)做……”；be careful that 意为“小心……”。

Ⅰ.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子1．Japan is an island country. __Earthquakes__ (地震) often happen there.2. —Where is your pet cat now?—It's __under__ (在……下面) the tree.3. Be __calm___ (镇静的)! You aren't a child any more!4．—How long can I keep__ your book?—For around three days.5．She is a brave__ girl. She's never afraid to go out at night.6．Our parents warned__ us not to play with fire yesterday.7．She always helps others. She is a helpful__ girl.8．The little girl hid her key inside__ the book.Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．It's difficult for old people__to_walk__ (walk) up the Great Wall.2．We don't know what __to_do__ (do) next.3．It is safe to move when the ground stops __shaking__ (shake)．4．Our teacher often warns us __not_to_play__ (not play) computer games.5．__Luckily__ (luck), no one died.6．In the mountains, be careful of __falling__ (fall) rocks.7．__Don't_speak__ (not speak) with food in your mouth and __be__ (be) polite.8．Here __is__ (be) some advice on how to improve your English.Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子1．孩子们，为了安全避开火。

Children, __keep__ __clear__ __of__ fires to be safe.2．总之，学习如何使用电脑。

__In__ __short__， learn about __how__ __to__ use a computer.3．如果你能远离这条河流，你将是安全的。

If you can __stay__ __away__ __from__ the river, you will be safe.4．我们的老师经常提醒我们注意交通安全。

Our teacher often __warns__ us __about__ the traffic safety.5. 当心这些化学药品，它们对你的健康有害。

__Be__ __careful__ __of__ these chemicals. They __are__ __harmful__ __to__ your health.6．由于这场大雨，许多学生没去上学。