专八人文知识--2

Test for English Majors Grade Eight General KnowledgeCountries: 1. America1.The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is ________.A.the Mississippi riverB. the AppalachiansC. the Rocky MountainsD. the Hudson river2.Which is the largest racial group in the whole population of USA?A.HispanicsB. American IndiansC. Non-Hispanics WhiteD. Asian Americans3.____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.A. AmericaB. CanadaC. EnglandD. Australia4. All states of America are governed by the common law except _____.A. LouisianaB. WashingtonC. CaliforniaD. New York5. _______is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.A. CaliforniaB. IndianaC. KansasD. Massachusetts6. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of American characters? _____A. AmbitionB. IndividualismC. ConsiderationD. Self-reliance7. Which of the following is NOT America’s Newspaper? ____A. Wall Street JournalB. USA TodayC. GuardianD. The Milwaukee Journal8. “Hollywood” is often used as a synonym for ____.A. American filmsB. American forest industryC. Christians in the USAD. American advertising industry9. To the west of mainland American lies the ____.A. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian OceanD. Arctic Ocean10. Detroit, a US city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_____.A. automobile industryB. textile industryC. iron and steel industryD. aircraft industry11. The natives of the continent of America are the ______.A. CanadiansB. IndiansC. MexicansD. Hispanics12. ____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A. Washington D.CB. Los AngelesC. San FranciscoD. New York City13. Which of the following minority groups enjoys the worst social and economic conditions?A. BlacksB. HispanicsC. IndiansD. Asian American14. Which of the following is NOT in New York City?A. Wall StreetB. Fifth AvenueC. Broadway StreetD. Niagara Falls15. Washington D.C is named ____.A. after the US President George WashingtonB. after Christopher ColumbusC. after both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD. after none of them16. The US Congress has the power to make these laws except of _____.A. defenseB. citizenship and naturalizationC. marriageD. the regulation of foreign trade17. American and British English are two ____of the English language.A. varietiesB. elementsC. partsD. forms18. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was _____.A. Thomas JeffersonB. James MonroeC. James MadisonD. Abraham Lincoln19. Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is ____.A. Rhode IslandB. VirginiaC. TexasD. Montana20. The term “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A. the Amazon RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Nile RiverD. the Hudson River21. The statue of liberty was given to American people by ____as a gift in 1884.A. FranceB. SpainC. ItalyD. Britain22. ____music is perhaps America’s greatest contribution to the world of popular music.A. BluesB. RockC. JazzD. Waltz23. American national flower is _____. A. violet B. rose C. lily D. primrose24. Whose presidential term is the longest?A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Abraham LincolnD. Franklin D. Roosevelt25. ___is the dividing line between the South and North.A. The Hudson RiverB. The Potomac RiverC. The Ohio RiverD. The Missouri River26. When did the American Civil War break out? ____ A. 1775 B. 1812 C. 1861 D. 186327. Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence?A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin FranklinD. John Hancock28. The New Deal was started by ____.A. Franklin RooseveltB. J.F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson29. The District of Manhattan is in the city of ____.A. WashingtonB. San FranciscoC. New YorkD. Chicago30. The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states____.A. according to their populationB. according to their sizeD. according to their tax paid to federal government D. equally31. The US is called a “melting pot” because____.A. its steel industry is highly developedB. it has great influence on the worldC. it is an important economic center of the worldD. people from different races live there together32. The first Puritans came to America on the ship____.A. CodpeedB. Susan ConstantC. May FlowerD. Discovery2. Britain33. Which of the following does not belong to the Island of Great Britain?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Ireland34. In Industrial Revolution, George Stephenson invented_____.A. railway engineB. spinning machineC. steam engineD. cotton textile35. ____is the leader of the British government. A. Prime Minister B. Queen C. President D. Governor36. ____introduced Christianity into Britain.A. The CeltsB. The RomansC. The Viking DanesD. The French37. The real power of the British government lies in_____.A. the House of CommonsB. the cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterC. the Prime MinisterD. the Queen38. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the Severn RiverB. the Thames RiverC. the Clyde RiverD. the Potmac River39. “God Save the Queen” is the national ___of Britain. A. flag B. emblem C. anthem D. both A and B40. Big Ben is a famous _____in London. A. statue B. bridge C. hotel D. clock41. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?A. The TelegraphB. The GuardianC. The News of the WorldD. The Times42. The capital of Wales is _____. A. Swansea B. Cardiff C. Rhonda D. Belfast43. ____is England’s biggest naval base. A. Portsmouth B. Southampton C. Plymouth D. Dover44. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative Party and ___.A. the Liberal PartyB. the Democratic PartyC. the Labour PartyD. the Republican Party45. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-SaxonB. The NormansC. The VikingsD. The Romans46. Which is the largest city in Scotland? A. Cardiff B. Edinburgh C. Glasgow D. Manchester3. Canada47. Maples are always used to symbolize___. A. Australia B. America C. England D. Canada48. Canada was originally one colony of ____.A. AmericaB. CanadaC. EnglandD. New Zealand49. The official languages in Canada are English and ____.A. FrenchB. SpanishC. GermanD. Portuguese50. The capital of Canada is____. A. Vancouver B. Ottawa C. Toronto D. Quebec51. The largest city in Canada is ____. A. Vancouver B. Ottawa C. Toronto D. Montreal4. Australia52. Australia was originally one colony of ____. A. America B. Canada C. England D. New Zealand53. The capital of Australia is ____. A. Canberra B. Sydney C. Melbourne D. Queensland54. The largest city in Australia is _____. A. Canberra B. Sydney C. Melbourne D. Perth5. New Zealand55. The capital of New Zealand is ____. A. Auckland B. Christchurch D. Dunedin D. Wellington56. The largest city in New Zealand is ____. A. Auckland B. Christchurch D. Dunedin D. Wellington57. The ____are the indigenous people of New Zealand, and have a rich and varied culture.A. MaoriB. CherokeeC. People from IndiaD. People from Southeast Asia58. Australia and New Zealand were first discovered by the ____explorer Able Tasman in 1642.A. FrenchB. DutchC. EnglishD. SpanishLiterature:1. American Literature59_____usually was regarded as the first American writer.A. William BradfordB. Anne BradstreetC. Emily DicksonD. Captain John Smith60. "God helps those who help themselves" is a citation from the work of____A. PaineB.FranklinC. FreneauD. Jefferson61.As a philosophical and literary movement, ____flourished in New England from 1830s to the Civil War.A. sentimentalismB. transcendentalismC. modernismD. rationalism62. The chief spokes man of New England Transcendentalism is __A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Henry David ThoreauD. Washington Irving63. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as __A. the Modern PeriodB. the Realistic PeriodC.the Romantic PeriodD. the Naturalistic Period64. Which is regarded as the "Declaration of Intellectual Independence"? ___A. The American ScholarB. English TraitsC. The Conduct of LifeD. Representative Men65. ____ was the first man of letters from the United States to win an international reputation.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Washington IrvingC. James Fenimore CooperD. Longfellow66. Mark Twain is well-known for his___.A. frontier themeB. symbolism.C. local colourD. international theme67. The major trend in American literature in the 70s and 80s in the 19th century is ____.A. romanticismB. realismC. sentimentalismD. naturalism68. Which book is NOT written by Mark Twain?_______A. The Gilded AgeB. The Prince and the PauperC. Life on the MississippiD. The Portrait of a Lady69. The novel that "touched off the American Civil War" refers to ____A. Gone with theWindB.Uncle Tom's CabinC. Farewell to ArmsD. The Grapes of Wrath70. The book from which "all modern American literature comes" refers to____.A. The Great GatsbyB. The Sun Also RisesC. Moby DickD. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn71. Jack London's masterwork______ is somewhat autobiographical.A. The Sea WolfB. The People of the AbyssC. Martin EdenD. The Star Rover72. Which of the following authors is NOT the Nobel Prize winner?A. Earnest HemingwayB. Eugene O'NeilC. William FaulknerD. Scott Fitzgerald73. The Great Gatsby is written by_____.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Sindair LewisC. John SteinbeckD.Francis Scott Fitzgerald74. The Rabbit series were written by_____.A. John UpdikeB. Jerome David SalingerC. Mark TwainD. Ezra Pound75. _______ is Hemingway's first true novel, which portrays "the lost generation".A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. The OM Man and the SeaC. The Sun Also RisesD. A Farewell to Arms2. English Literature76.1n the 14the century, the most important writer is _______ A. Langland B. Wyclif C. Gowe D. Chaucer77. Here is a sentence from an essay "Read not to contradict and confuse, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider". The essay must be___.A. Of studies by Francis BaconB. The Advancement of Learning by Francis BaconC. Novum Organum by Francis BaconD. Essays by Francis Bacon78. The English Renaissance Period was an age of____.A. poetry and dramaB. drama and novelC. novel and poetryD. romance and poetry79. Which of the following is not among Shakespeare's four great tragedies?A. HamletB. Romeo and JulietC. MacbethD. King Lear80. _____ is the first important English essayist and the founder of modern science in England.A. Francis BaconB. Edmund SpenserC. William CarxtonD. Sidney81. Paradise Lost is the masterpiece of_____.A. William ShakespeareB. Robert BurnsC. John MiltonD. William Blake82. "To be or not to be" has become a universal question puzzling every intellectual mind. This is a quotation from_____ . A. King Lear B. Hamlet C. Romeo and Juliet D. Othello83. The novel Gulliver's Travels was written by___.A. Tobias SmollettB. Jonathan SwiftC. Laurence sTerneD. John Bunyan84. The publication of ____ marked the beginning of the Romantic Age.A. Don JuanB. The Rime of the Ancient Marine rC. The Lyrical BalladsD. Queen Mab85. The author of Ode To the West Wind is _______. A. Shelley B. Byron C. Allen Poe D. Emerson86. The famous poem "A Red, Red Rose" was written by______. A. Wordsworth B. Byron C. Burns D. Keats87. Which is Thackeray's masterpiece? __A. The Virginians B. Vanity Fair C.The Book of SnobD.The New Comes88. Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece by____.A. Jane AustenB. Emily BronteC. Charles DickensD. Willimn Makepeace Thackeray89. Jane Eyre was written by which Bronte sister? ____ A. Anne B. Charlotte C. Emily D. Jane90. Which of the following novelists was the last of the great Victorian novelist?_______A. DickensB. William Makepeace ThackerayC. Thomas HardyD. George Meredith91. ________ is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist.A. James JoyceB. John GalsworthyC.D.H. Lawrence D. George Bernard Shaw92. John Galsworthy was most famous for____.A. Heart of DarknessB. UlyssesC. The Forsyte SageD. A Passage to India93. George Bernard Shaw is an outstanding _____dramatist.A. realisticB. expressionisticC. ModernistD. classical94. W.S. Maugham was most famous for __A. Moon and SixpenceB. Cakes and AleC. Human Bondag eD. The Razor's EdgeIII. Linguistics1 Introduction95. If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called_______ came into being. A. syntax B. semantics C. pragmatics D. morphology96. Which of the following items is not a design feature of human language?_____A. competenceB. arbitrarinessC. displacementD. productivity97. The differences between Traditional Grammar and Modem Linguistics are all of the followingsEXCEPT______.A descriptive vs. prescriptive B. spoken vs. writtenC. non-Latin-based framework vs. Latin-based frameworkD. competence vs. performance98. The term ________linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative99. The application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning is called_______.A. sociolinguisticsB. psycholinguisticsC. computational linguisticsD. applied linguistics100. ______is regarded as the “father of modem linguistics” .A. ChomskyB. SaussureC. HallidayD. Whorf101. The distinction between competence and performance is similar to the distinction between_.A. prescriptive and descriptiveB. synchronic and diachronicC. speech and writingD. language and parole 102. Children can speak before they can read or write shows that____.A. language is basically vocalB. language is arbitraryC. language is used for communicationD. language is productive103. ________ means the lack of a logical connection between the form of something and its expression in sounds.A. AmbiguityB. AbstractnessC. ArbitrarinessD. Fuzziness104. All human languages are organized on two levels: the sound level--meaningless, the grammaticallevel--meaningful. This means language has the design feature of_______.A. creativeB. changeableC. arbitraryD. duality105. ____are two sub-branches of linguistics that study the units at the grammatical level.A. Morphology and semanticsB. Morphology and syntaxC. Semantics and syntaxD. Morphology and phonology 106. Language has the feature of ________in the sense that users can understand and produce sentences they have never heard before. A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. interchangeability107. Linguistics gives priority to the spoken language instead of the written language because__.A. vocal sounds are derived from writing systemsB. speech precedes writing everywhere in the worldC. we have recording devices to studyD. spoken language precedes written languages only in Indo-European 108. Langue & parole are a pair important distinctions put forward by ___.A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. LyonsD. Halliday109. Who made the distinction between competence and performance?A. ChomskyB. SaussureC. HallidayD. Bloomfield2. Phonetics and Phonology110. Phonetics is the study of____.A. all the sounds that occur in the world's languageB. speech sounds used by human languages to representC. the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in natureD. how phonological differences can lead to misunderstanding111. In the field of phonology, which of the following does NOT belong to the suprasegmental features?________ A. stress B. tone C. intonation D. syllable112. Classification of vowels are made up of the following EXCEPT______.A. the position of the tongueB. the openness of the mouthC. the shape of the lipD. the width of the vowels 113. A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from another in a given language is a ______. A. phoneme B. allophone C. phone D. allomorph114. In English, there is only one glottal. It is _______. A. [f] B. [r] C. [h] D. [v]115. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in a different phonetic environments are called the_____of that phoneme. A. minimal B. allomorph C. phones D. allophones116. There are _______nasals in English. A. one B. two C. three D. four117. _______ are not a minimal pair in English.A. "sink" and "zinc"B. "fine" and "vine"C. "bat" and "pat"D. "teach" and "cheat"3. Morphology118. Morphology is the study of____.A. the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their informationB. the uses of different types of utterances in different contextsC. the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in natureD. the rules that pertain to all languages throughout the world.119. What is the minimum unit of meaning? ______ A. phoneme B. morpheme C. allophone D. allomorph 120. There are ______morphemes in the word "undesirability". A. three B. four C. five D. six121 _____ are bound morphemes because they can not be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds122.The word "irresistible" is _______ . A. a compound one B. a clipped one C. a blended one D. a derived one 123. _______ of the following word-formation processes, is the most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. derivation124. Morphemes that can occur "unattached" are called_____.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational morphemes125. The word "kung-fu" is a _____ one. A. clipped B. blended C. compound D. borrowed4. Syntax126. ______ is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Morphology127. What elements does a phrase contain?_______.A. Head, determiner and complementB. Head, specifier and complementC. Head, specifier and complementizerD. Head, determiner and complementizer128.Transformational rules do not change the basic ______ of sentences.A. meaningB. formC. positionD. structure129. The syntactic component provides the _______of a sentence.A. lexiconB. structureC. meaningD. sound130. Application of the transformational rules yields ______structure.A. phraseB. deepC. prelexicalD.surface131 .The same word has the same ______ meaning to all the speakers of the same language.A. conceptualB. associativeC. lexicalD. affective5. Semantics132. The meaning relationship between the two words "sheep" and "ewe" is_____.A. AntonymyB. HomonymyC. HyponymyD. Polysemy133. X: They are going to have another baby. Y: They have a child.The relationship of X and Y is ______.A.synonymousB. inconsistentC. X entailing YD. X presupposing Y134. According to the componential analysis, the words "girl" and "woman" differ in the feature of____.A. HUMANB. ANIMALC. MALED. ADULT135. The semantic features of the word "girl" can be expressed as____.A. +animate, -human, +adult, +maleB. +animate, +human, -adult, +maleC. +animate, +human, +adult, -maleD. +animate, +human, -adult, -male136. According to predication analysis, the predication of the sentence "It is hot." is a ____ predication.A. no-placeB. one-placeC. two-placeD. three--place137. The relationship between "violet" and "tulip" is ____.A. co-hyponymsB. syperordinateC. hyponymsD. antonyms138. The relationship between "begin" and "commence" is ____.A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. collocational synonymsD. semantically different synonyms 139. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _____ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentence140. What is the relationship between the words "color" and "red" ? _____A. synonymyB. antonymyC. polysemyD. hyponymy141. "fall" and "autumn" are __ synonyms.A. dialectalB. stylisticC. evalutatively differentD. semantically different142. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of___ .A. humorB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all of the above143. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 144. We call the relation between "animal" and "horse" as____.A. synonymyB. polysemyC. homonymyD. hyponymy145. What is the sentential relation between "He likes skating", and "He likes sports."? ___A. presuppositionB. entailmentC. contradiction C. hyponymy146. The pair of words "borrow/lend" is called _____.A. relational oppositesB. synonymsC. complementaryD. gradable opposites147. "Yellow" has different meanings to Chinese or to western people, that is its_____.A. conceptual meaningB. cognitive meaningC. associative meaningD. stylistic meaning148. X: He has been to France. Y: He has been to Europe. The relationship of A and B is_____.A. synonymousB. inconsistentC. X entailing YD. X presupposing Y149. The ambiguity in "pass the port" is caused by____.A. lexical itemsB. a grammatical structureC. homonymyD. polysemy150. Componential analysis is a method applied in the field of_____.A. phoneticsB. syntaxC. semanticsD. pragmatics151 "big" and "small" are a pair of ____ opposites. A. complementary B. gradable C. complete D. pragmatics 6. Pragmatics152. _______ first proposed the Speech Act theory. A. Searle B. Austin C. Grice D. Halliday153. The _____ provides great philosophical insights into the nature of the linguistic communication.A. Speech Act TheoryB. CP TheoryC. communicative competenceD. linguistic competence154. What is the most important concept to distinguish pragmatics from semantics?A. contextB. entailmentC. presuppositionD. discourse155. A: What do you think of Mr. Zhang? B: A fine day, isn't it?In the dialogue between A and B, B's answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP? _____A. The maxim of quantityB. The maxim of qualityC. The maxim of mannerD. The maxim of relation 156. A: Where is Paul? B. Somewhere in our University.In the dialogue between A and B, B's answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP? _____A. The maxim of quantityB. The maxim of qualityC. The maxim of mannerD. The maxim of relation 157. A: Shall we get something for the kids? B. Yes. But I veto C-A-N-D-Y.In the dialogue between A and B, B's answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP? _____A. The maxim of quantityB. The maxim of qualityC. The maxim of mannerD. The maxim of relation 158. Which of the following is NOT the specific instance of directives?______A. invitingB. advertisingC. warningD. swearing159. The word "promising" belongs to________. A representatives B. directives C. commissives D. expressives 160. _______ act expresses the intention of the speaker.A. locutionaryB. illocutionaryC. perlocutionaryD. speech161. When you talk to your boss or your friends, you sue different words, we could analyze this phenomenon with _____. A. social context B. situation context C. linguistic context D. semantic field162. The function of the sentence "Water boils at 100 degree centigrade." is ___.A. interrogativeB. directive c. informative D. pe:'formative163. Contextual features exclude ______ when an utterance is made.A. the timeB. the placeC. the participantsD. the purpose164. Liu had something to tell the manager, Mr. Smith, so he went to his place, entering the room and said," _____ ".A. You are not busy, I hope.B. Can I have a word with you, Mr. SmithC. Got a minuteD. I'm terribly sorry to trouble you, Mr. Smith165. According to Austin's speech act theory, a speaker might be performing the following acts simultaneously when speaking EXCEPT_____act. A. locutionary B. illocutionary C. perlocutionary D. relocationary7. Language Change166. Which of the following does NOT belong to the methods of the addition of new words?___A. clipped wordsB. back-formationC. functional-shiftD. meaning-shift167. The following words are the examples for "blending" except ____ . A. memo B. smog C. motel D. brunch 168. The word "beseem" taken from Romeo and Juliet has faded out of the modern English language; this is an example of_______. A. addition of words B. loss of words C. narrowing of meaning D. loss of inflections 169. The fact that a lexical item may undergo a shift in meaning is called in linguistics.A. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning-shiftD. losing of meaning170. The new words such as "police officer", "chairperson" are created because ____.A. science and technology are developing rapidlyB. computer and internet technology are more and more popularC. women have taken up activities formerly reserved for menD. the children can remember them asquickly as possible171.____ century is considered to be the beginning of modern English. A. 17th B. 19th C. 18th D. 16th 172. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example______.A. lewd-→ignorantB. silly→foolishC. last→pleasureD. knave-→boy173. Which of the following words is not formed through clipping?______. A. dorm B. motel C. gent D. zoo 174. Which word is different from the other three in word formation? __A. USAB. DOZERC. AIDSD. WTO175. "brunch" is a (an) _____ . A. blending B. acronym C. derivation D. compounding176. The word "WMD" which stands for "weapon of mass destruction", is _____.A. an acronymB. a compound oneC. a clipped oneD. a blended one177. The word "girl" originally meant "young person of either sex", but now it means "young people of female sex". This is an example of____.A. meaning-shiftB. widening of meaningC. narrowing of meaningD. loss of meaning8. Language and Society178. The sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society is called ____.A. sociolinguisticsB. neurolinguisticsC. macrolinguisticsD. microlinguistics179. Which of the following doesn't belong to dialectal varieties?A. regional dialectsB. sociolectC. idiolectD. diglossia180. The dialect which is caused by social status is____.A. regional B. sociolect C. idiolect D. diglossia18l.Standard dialect is _____.A. designated as the official or national language of a countryB. a dialect a child acquires naturally like his regional dialectC. used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposeD. used by people who belong to the higher social status182. Sometimes, two varieties of a language exist side by side throughout the community, with each having a definite role to play. This phenomenon is_____. A. bilingualism B. diglossia C. pidgin D. creole183. A speaker uses the Standard English dialect when interacting with strangers, and uses a different dialect when interacting with individuals whom she recognizes as members of her own social group. This illustrates which of the following types of linguistic behavior?_____A. hypercorrectionB. negative transferC. code-switchingD. borrowing184. The word "language" is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language. This is called __A. scientific languageB. idiolectC. colloquial languageD. formal language185. The form of a given language used in a certain geographical space is called_____.A. styleB. dialectC. registerD. pidgin9. Language and Culture186. According to Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, which of the following is NOT true?____A. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around.B. Language filters people's perception and the way they categorize experiences.C. Language patterns determine or influence people's thinking and behavior.D. Language structure people habitually use shows no influence on people's behavior.187. Which of the following about the relationship between language and culture is NOT true?__。