呼吸机相关词汇
常用呼吸机使用相关知识
Piend
吸气末压力
R
静态阻力
VT
潮气量
Vte
呼出潮气量
VE
分钟通气量
I：E
吸呼比：气时间与呼气时间的比例，由所设置的呼吸次数决定，若呼吸值设置为20次/分，则3秒钟为一个呼吸周期；当设置吸气时间为1，呼气时间为2，那么吸呼比为1/2
CPAP：自主呼吸条件下，患者应有稳定的呼吸驱动力和适当潮气量，在整个呼吸周期内人为地施以一定程度的气道内正压
持续正压通气模式。有利于防止气道萎陷，增加功能残气量，改善肺顺应性，并提高氧合作用。增加肺泡内压和功能残气量，有利于氧向血液内弥散，使萎缩复张，在整个呼吸周期维持肺泡的通畅，增加肺的顺应性，减少呼吸作功。
SIMV：指通气机在每分钟内按预设的呼吸参数(呼吸频率、潮气量、呼吸比等)给予患者指令通气,在触发窗内出现自主呼吸,便协助患者完成自主呼吸
同步间歇强制通气。是一种混合的通气模式，它允许强制呼吸和自主呼吸。强制呼吸可以是容量控制通气和压力控制通气，与病人的吸气力同步，而自主呼吸只能是由压力触发控制通气，压力支持起作用。使呼吸肌功能得到维持和锻炼，避免呼吸肌萎缩，有利于适时脱机，自主呼吸易与呼吸机协调，减少对镇静药的需要，较好维持酸碱平衡，减少呼吸性碱中毒的发生。SIMV模式类似于辅助-控制通气，区别在于SIMV允许患者在2次机械呼吸之间有自主呼吸。SIMV主要优点是能减少患童自主呼吸与呼吸机对抗，减少撤机困难，降低气道压力，防止呼吸肌萎缩与运动失调，减少呼吸对心血管系统的影响。
呼吸机常见英语词汇
呼吸机常见英语词汇平时在使用呼吸机的时候，存在很多英语单词、缩写和短语，如果不了解它的意义，容易给操作和治疗带来困扰，而且由于呼吸机品牌繁多，命名又不统一，更是容易造成混淆和误解。
在这里，把常见的机械通气相关的英语专用名词做一个汇总，并进行简单的注释，希望能够给大家日常的应用带来一些方便。
一、模式篇Volume Control --- 容量控制，简称VC基础通气模式之一，预设潮气量，呼吸频率，通气效率保证，气道压力可变IPPV --- Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation 间歇气道正压通气Drager产的呼吸机上的叫法，其实就是容量控制通气Pressure Control ---- 压力控制，简称PC基础通气模式之一，预设吸气压力，呼吸频率，气道压力固定，潮气量可变A/C --- Assist/ Control 辅助/控制通气基础通气模式之一，允许患者自主触发辅助通气，目前的呼吸机上的容量控制和压力控制通气都有A/C的含义SIMV --- Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation 同步间歇指令通气混合模式，同步给予强制或辅助通气，间歇期允许患者自主呼吸或触发支持通气PSV --- Pressure Support Ventilation 压力支持通气支持模式，所有呼吸均由患者触发，呼吸机给予正压支持ASB --- Assisted Spontaneous Breathing 辅助自主呼吸Drager呼吸机上的叫法，其实就是PSVBIPAP --- Biphasic Positive Airway Pressure 双水平气道正压Drager呼吸机首创模式，两个气道正压周期性转换，产生潮气量，同时允许患者在两个压力水平上自主呼吸BiPAP --- Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure 双相气道正压伟康无创呼吸机专有模式，吸气相和呼气相交替切换两个压力水平，无创通气模式注：目前对于BIPAP和BiPAP的中文译名存在一定混乱，这里采用Drager呼吸机说明书上的说法，可能有的文献命名方法完全相反，个人感觉搞清楚两者的区别比纠缠名字更有意义APRV --- Airway Pressure Release Ventilation 气道压力释放通气BIPAP的一种形式，低压相时间特别短，欧洲也把APRV与BIPAP 通用CPAP --- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 持续气道正压自主呼吸模式，呼吸机只给予一个持续的正压，患者自主完成呼吸过程PRVC --- Pressure Regulated Volume Control 压力调节容量控制双重控制模式，MAQUET Servo呼吸机首创，预设潮气量，呼吸机自动调节吸气压力，保证以最低的压力输送预设潮气量APV --- Adaptive Pressure Ventilation 适应性压力通气Hamilton呼吸机上的叫法，与PRVC相似VTPC --- Volume T arget Pressure Control 容量目标压力通气Newport呼吸机上的叫法，与PRVC相似VAPS --- Volume Assured Pressure Support 容量保障压力支持鸟牌呼吸机上的双控模式，在一次呼吸内，如果指定时间内未输送完预设潮气量，即转为压力支持直至潮气量完成Paug --- 压力扩增熊牌呼吸机上的双控模式，与VAPS相似VSV --- Volume Support Ventilation 容量支持通气双重控制模式，与PRVC不同处在于所有的呼吸必须由患者自己触发MMV --- Minute Mandatory Ventilation 分钟指令通气预设目标分钟通气量，当实际通气量不足时呼吸机给予指令通气，保证达到预设通气量目标ASV --- Adaptive Support Ventilation 适应性支持通气闭合环通气模式，呼吸机自动调节支持水平，使得患者处在预设的“理想通气范围”内PAV --- Proportional Assist Ventilation 成比例辅助通气PB以及Stephanie呼吸机上的一种模式，呼吸机监测气道阻力和顺应性变化，间接判断患者吸气努力大小，并成比例的给予通气辅助PPS --- Proportional Pressure Support 成比例压力支持Drager呼吸机上的特有模式，与PAV相似accumulator贮气箱(装置)adap ter接合器,接口adjusting tap 调节柄air inlet filter空气输入滤过器airway p ressure呼吸道压alarm indicator报警显示alveolar p ressure肺泡内压amp lifier增幅唇apnea呼吸暂停apnea indicator呼吸暂停显示装置assembly装置、组合assist/controlmode,A /C辅助/控制通气back - up ventilation备用通气bacterial filter细菌滤过器bag囊ballon valve球囊式活瓣bellows风箱bleed regulator排气调节器blower鼓风机calibration校准、定标chamber腔check valve单向阀compensator代偿装置comp ressor压缩器、压缩装置continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)持续呼吸道正压continuous flow持续气流control knob调节炳cooling fan冷却扇corrugated hose螺纹管、呼吸管道crossover soleniod交通电磁阀delay dial廷迟设定demand flow按需气流demand valve按需供气阀diaphragm 隔膜digital amp lifer数字型增幅器drive system驱动系统electrical switch电子开关electrodynamic valve电动阀exhaled gas呼出气exhalation time呼出时间exhalation valve呼出阀exhaust valve气体排出活瓣(阀)exp ired minute volume呼气分钟通气量feed back servocontrol反馈伺服控制filling solenoid充气电磁阀(气流开关)filter滤过器flap valve平行阀flow control valve流量控制(调节)阀flowrate流速flow transducer流量传感器flow trigger流量触发(器)flush knob冲洗按键gas outlet气体出口gas samp ing pump 气体采样泵gas supp ly气体供应generated p ressure驱动压SPONT = CPAPPSV = CPAP + 吸气压力支持举例来说，CPAP=125px H2O，那么患者在吸气和呼气的时候，气道内的压力都是125px H2O；PSV模式下，如果PS=5，PEEP=125px H2O，那么在呼气相的时候气道内的压力为125px H2O，吸气相的时候气道内的压力为250px H2O，也就是患者在吸气的时候得到了125px H2O的压力支持。
最新呼吸机相关词汇
附录一常用机械通气模式或方法中、英文对照与缩写AA V (adaptive assisted ventilation) 适应性辅助通气ASV (adaptive support ventilationg) 适应性支持通气AMV (assisted mandatory ventilationg) 辅助指令通气APRV (airway pressure release ventilation) 气道压力释放通气Auto-PEEP 自发(自动)性呼气末正压Auto-flow 自动流量BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) 双相气道正压通气BiPAP (bi-level positive airway pressure) 双水平气道正压通气CPPB (continuous positive pressure breathing) 持续正压呼吸CPPB/CPPV (continuous positive pressure ventilation) 持续正压通气CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) 持续正压气道/持续气道正压A/C (assisted/control ventilation) 辅助/控制通气C/A (control/assisted ventilaion) 控制/辅助通气CMV (control mechanical ventilation) 机械控制通气CMV (continuous mandatory ventilation) 持续指令通气ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenator) 肺或体外循环膜式氧合器EIPPV (end-inspiratory positive pressure ventilation) 吸气末正压通气Expiratory retard 呼气延长或延迟End-expiratory hold 呼气末屏气HFV (high frequency ventilation) 高频通气HFPPV (high-frequency positive pressure ventilation) 高频正压通气HFJV (high-frequency jet ventilation) 高频喷射通气HFOV (high-frequency oscillation ventilation) 高频振荡通气IA V (intermittent assisted ventilation) 间歇辅助通气Inspiratory hold 吸气屏气IMV (intermittent mandatory ventilation) 间歇指令通气IPPV (intermittent positive pressure ventilation) 间歇正压通气IPPV (invasive positive pressure ventilation) 有创机械通气IPNPV(intermittent positive negative pressure ventilation) 间歇正负压通气IRV (inversed ratio ventilation) 反比通气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气MMV (mandatory minute ventilation) 指令分钟通气NEEPV (negative end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末负压通气NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation) 无创正压通气PA V (proportional assisted ventilation) 成比例辅助通气PPS (proportional pressure support) 比例压力支持PCV (pressure control ventilation) 压力控制通气PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末正压通气PEEPi (intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure) 内源性呼气末正压通气PLV (partial liquid ventilation) 部分液体通气Prone ventilation 俯卧位通气PSV (pressure support ventilation) 压力支持通气SIMV (synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation) 同步间歇指令通气Sigh 叹息VCV (volume control ventilation) 容量控制通气VSV (volume support ventilation) 容量支持通气PRVC (pressure regulated volume control) 压力调节的容量控制V APS (volume assured pressure support) 容量保证压力支持附录二呼吸机版面常用术语中、英文对照与缩写Power 电源Mode 通气模式Assist 辅助Control 控制A/C 辅助/控制SIMV/IMV 同步间歇指令通气/间歇指令通气IPPV 间歇正压通气CPAP 持续正压气道通气PCV 压力控制PSV 压力支持VCV 容量控制VSV 容量支持Sigh 叹息SIMV+PSV 同步间歇指令通气+压力支持SIMV+Sigh 同步间歇指令通气+叹息MMV 指令每分钟通气Inspiratory Hold 吸气屏气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气通气参数TV(V T) 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Respiratory Rate(frequency) 呼吸频率Peak Flow 峰流(量) I ：E (I/E) 吸：呼PSV 压力支持PEEP/CPAP 呼气末正压通气/持续气道正压Sensitivity 触发灵敏度Oxygen(%) 氧浓度监测指标High airway pressure 高气道压Low airway pressure 低气道压High minute volume 高分钟通气量Low minute volume 低分钟通气量Apnea 呼吸暂停Patient effort 病人触发TV 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Machine inoper 机器故障Power inoper 电源故障Low gas pressure 气源压力过低附录三呼吸生理专业词汇中、英文对照与缩写一、基本略号A alveolar gas 肺泡气B barometric (大)气压的C content of gas in blood 血中气体含量compliance 顺应性D dead space(volume) 无效腔(量)diffusion capacity 弥散量E expired gas 呼出气Elastic 弹性的(肺泡)弹性回缩力F fractional concentration of gas 气体浓度G conductance 传导I inspired gas 吸入气Inspiration 吸气L lung 肺M minute 分钟Maximal 最大的P pressure 压力partial pressure 分压average pressure 平均压Q volume of blood 血容积血流量Q●blood flow in liters per minute 单位时间(分钟)的血流量R resistance 阻力Ratio 比率(例) S saturation 饱和度T tidal volume 潮气量Time 时间V gas volume 气体容量V ventilation in liters per mimute 分钟通气量●V flow rate 流速V mixed venous blood 混合静脉血W work of breathing 呼吸功a arterial blood 动脉血aw airway 气道c capillary blood 毛细血管血f frequency 呼吸频率s shut 分流v venous 静脉的二、肺容积和肺容量（lung volume and capacity）CC closing capacity 闭合容积CV closing volume 闭合容量ERV expiratory reserve volume 补呼气量FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量IRV inspiratory reserve volume 补吸气量RV residual volume 残气量TLC total lung capacity 肺总量V d an volume of anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔量V d alv volume of alveolar dead space 肺泡无效腔量V D volume of dead space 无效腔量V T tidal volume 潮气量V D/V T (ratio of dead space to tidal volume) 无效腔/潮气量三、通气(ventilation)FEFV forced expiratory flow volume 用力呼气流量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量FEV1forced expiratory volume in the first second 第一秒用力呼气流量FEV1/FVC forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity第一秒用力呼气流量/用力肺活量FIV forced inspiratory volume 用力吸气量MBC maximal breathing capacity 通气最大呼吸量MVV maximal minute ventilation 最大分钟通气量MEFV maximal expiratory flow-volume 最大呼气流速-容量MIFV maximal inspiratory flow-volume 最大吸气流速-容量MMEF maximal mid-expiratory flow 最大中段呼气流速MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气量PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速)PF peak flow 峰流量 TVC time vital volume 时间肺活量 ●V A minute volume of alveloar ventilation 分钟肺泡通气量 MV minute ventilation 分钟通气量 ●V ISO V olume of iso-flow 等流速容量 ●V max50&●V 50 maximal expiratory flow in 50% vital capacity 50%肺活量时最大呼气流(速) ●V max25&●V 25 maximal expiratory flow in 25% vital capacity 25% 肺活量时最大呼气流(速) ●V max maximal expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速) ●V -V flow-volume 流速-容量四、通气与血流(ventilation and perfusion)CaO 2 arterial oxygen content 动脉血氧含量 CvO 2 oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量 C v O 2 oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧含量 C (a-v)O 2 arterial-venous oxygen content difference 动-静脉血氧含量差 C (a-v )O 2 arterial-mixed venous oxygen content difference 动-混合静脉血氧含量差 P A O 2 partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡气氧分压 P(A-a)O 2 partial pressure of oxygen difference of alveolar-arterial肺泡-动脉氧分压差 D(A-a)O 2 difference of partial pressure of oxygen of alveolar-arterial oxygen肺泡-动脉氧分压差 P v O 2 oxygen partial pressure of mix venous 混合静脉血氧分压 Q ● s /Q ●t ratio of shunted blood to total perfusion 静-动脉分流/总流量 Q ●sphy physiological pulmonary shunt 生理性肺内分流 Q ●san anatomical pulmonary shunt 解剖性肺内分流 S v O 2 mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度 ●V A /Q ●ventilation/perfusion 通气/血流五、弥散(diffusion)D L diffusion of lung 肺的弥散D L CO diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung 肺CO弥散量D L O2 diffusion capacity for oxygen of the lung 肺的氧弥散量六、呼吸力学(mechanics of breathing)Ccw chest wall compliance 胸壁顺应性CE Ceff effective compliance 有效顺应性C fd lung compliance 频率依赖的顺应性C L lung compliance 肺顺应性CLdyn dynamic lung compliance 动态肺顺应性CLst static lung compliance 静态肺顺应性C/V L specific compliance 单位肺容量的肺顺应性E L elastance of lung 肺弹性回缩EPP equal pressure point 等压点Gaw airway conductance 气道传导率Gsp specific airway conductance 比气道传导率Plel lung elastic recoil pressure 肺弹性回缩压PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 最大呼气流速PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流量PIF peak inspiratory flow 最大吸气流量PIP peak inspiratory pressure 最大吸气压力R aw airway resistance 气道阻力R ds downstream resistance 下游气道阻力R us upstream resistance 上游气道阻力R L total airway resistance 总气道阻力R rs respiratory resistance 呼吸阻力RQ respiratory quotient 呼吸商Z rs respiratory impedance 总呼吸阻抗W work of breathing 呼吸功附录四血气分析常用符号中、英文对照与缩写AB actual bicarbonate 实际碳酸氢盐ABC actual bicarbonate radical 实际碳酸氢根ABE actual base excess 实际碱剩余BB buffer base 缓冲碱BF base excess 剩余碱CaO2oxygen content in arterial blood 动脉血氧含量CvO2 oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量CCO2 content of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳含量C v O2 oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血含量FiO2 fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧浓度PaO2 /FiO2 呼吸指数(动脉氧分压/吸入气氧浓度)P I O2partial pressure of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧分压P A O2partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡氧分压P E O2 partial pressure of oxygen in expired gas 呼出气氧分压F E CO2 fractional concentration of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2 浓度P E CO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2 分压P v O2 oxygen partial pressure of mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧分压SCV O2central venous O2 saturation 中心静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度TCO2 total carbon dioxide content 二氧化碳总含量H+ hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度pH hydrogen exponent 酸碱度P50 partial pressure of oxygen in 50% saturation of hemoglobin血氧饱和度为50%的氧分压PaO2partial pressure of oxygen in artery 动脉血氧分压Pa CO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery 动脉二氧化碳分压PcO2 partial pressure of oxygen in capillary 毛细血管氧分压PvO2 partial pressure of oxygen in venous 静脉氧分压P v O2 partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous 混合静脉血氧分压SaO2arterial oxygen saturation 动脉血氧饱和度SAT saturation of arterial oxygen 动脉血氧饱和度SB standard bicarbonate 标准碳酸氢盐SBC standard bicarbonate radical 标准碳酸氢根SBE standard base excess 标准剩余碱SvO2 venous oxygen saturation 静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度跨肺压（ΔPL）=气道开口压（Pao）-胸膜腔内压（Ppl）（1）跨肺泡压（ΔPalv）=肺泡内压（Palv）-胸膜腔内压（Ppl）（2）跨气道压（Δpaw）=气道开口压（Pao）-肺泡内压（Palv）（3）气道峰压（PIP）=气道阻力压（PRaw）+平台压（Ppla）（4）平台压（Ppla）近似等于平均肺泡内压（Palv）。
呼吸机相关英文
一、MODE 模式(S)CMV （Synchronized）Control Mechanical Ventilation (同步)控制机械通气(A/C) MV (Assist/Control) Mechanical Ventilation (辅助/控制)机械通气Apnea ventilation 窒息通气APRV Airway Pressure Release Ventilation 压力释放通气APV Adaptive Pressure Ventilation 适应性压力通气ASB Assisted Spontaneous Breath 辅助自主呼吸ASV Adaptive Support Ventilation 适应性支持通气BACKUP 背景通气BILEVEL Biphasic Level 双相正压通气BIPAP Biphasic Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure 双相间歇正压（通气）BIPAP-APRV Biphasic Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure / Airway Pressure Release Ventilation 双相间歇正压（通气）-压力释放通气BIPAP Assist Biphasic Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure Assist 辅助双相间歇正压通气BIPAP-SIMV Biphasic Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure/ Biphasic Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure 双相间歇正压（通气）-同步间歇指令通气CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 持续正压通气CMV Control Mandatory Ventilation 控制机械通气PLV Pressure Limited Ventilation 压力限制通气IRV 反比通气ILV Independent lung ventilation 分侧肺通气IPPV Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation 间歇正压通气MMV Mandatory minute ventilation 指令分钟通气量通气P-CMVPressure---Control Mandatory Ventilation 压力目标型控制通气P-SIMVPressure---Biphasic Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure 压力目标型同步间歇指令通气PEEP Positive expiratory end pressure 呼气末正压PEEP/CPAP 呼气末正压PLV Pressure Limited 压力限制通气Vt Ventilation 潮气量SIGH 叹息通气SIMV Biphasic Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure 同步间歇指令通气SPONT 压力支持通气Intermittent 间歇Spontaneous 自主Assisted 辅助机械通气常用英文索引二，PARAMETERS参数%Min Vol 分钟通气量百分比/L压力上升时间/L压力上升时间↑fTOT 高呼吸频率报警air trapping 气体陷闭apnea 窒息ASB/L 压力上升时间ASB 支持压力Auto flow 自动变流Bar Graph 条形图Bar Graph 条形图Basic setting 基础参数Body Wt 病人体重Brightness 亮度Contrast 对比度Error Message 出错消息Expiratory 呼气ETSExpiratory trigger sensitivity 呼气触发灵敏度Extra setting 附加参数fippv IPPV 频率Flow Patter(Flow-P) 流速形式Flow trigger 流速触发FREEZE/UNFREEAE 对曲线冻结/解冻f frequency 频率fTOT Total frequency 总呼吸频率fspont Spontaneous frequency 自主呼吸频率Hi P 高压上限Hi Rate 高呼吸频率Inspiration 吸气Insp.Flow Vmax 吸气峰流速interm.PEEP 间歇呼气末正压intrinsic PEEP 内源性PEEP 测定Invert 反显IPPVtrigger 压力触发Learn Base Flow 获知基础流量Lo Min Vent Low minute ventilation 低每分通气Lo P Delay 低压报警延迟Lo P Low pressure 低压下限Lo Rate Low rate 低呼吸频率Mandatory Type 指令模式MV minute volume 分钟通气量MONITOR 监测O2-vol.% 氧浓度occlution pressure 闭合压PASB 压力支持水平Pause/Tip 吸气相停顿时间Pcontrol 控制通气时的吸气压力PE END 呼气末压力Peak Flow 吸气峰流速PEEPIPEEP 内源性PEEPPEEPTOT 总PEEPPhigh/Plow 高/低压力P-high/low T-high/low: BIPAP-APRV中的高-低压力/时间高/低PI END 吸气末压力PI 压力控制模式下的吸气压力Pinsp Inspiration pressure 吸气压力PIP 峰值吸气压Pmax 压力限制Pmean Mean pressure 平均压Pplat Plat pressure 平台压Pramp Ramp pressure 压力上升时间PSENS或VSENS 压力或流速触发Psupp 压力控制模式下的吸气压Psupport 自主呼吸的支持压力RAMP or SQUARE 容量控制模式下的流速波形sign 叹息Ramp 压力上升时间Spontaneous Type 自主呼吸方式System Info 系统信息Test Alarms 测试报警Thigh /Tlow 高/低压力时间TI (Tinsp) Inspiration time 吸气时间TE Expiratory time 呼气时间Ti/TtotInspiration time /total time 吸气时间/总呼吸周期TI:TEInspiration time/ Expiratory time 吸呼比tidal volume 潮气量TPR Time at Pressure Reset 压力复位时间Tot.Leak Total leak 总漏气Tp1 容量控制模式下的吸气相平台时间TPL Plat time 平台期时间trigger window 触发窗trigger off 触发关闭Trigger Type 触发模式triggerΔPtrPPV模式下触发灵敏度，为压力触发，可关闭Vmax 容量控制模式下的最大吸气流速Vtarget Target ventilation 目标潮气量Vt Tidal volume 潮气量IPPV模式下呼吸机的工作频率SIMV，MMV模式下用以调节平台时间。
呼吸机相关词汇
附录一常用机械通气模式或方法中、英文对照与缩写AAV (adaptive assisted ventilation) 适应性辅助通气ASV (adaptive support ventilationg) 适应性支持通气AMV (assisted mandatory ventilationg) 辅助指令通气APRV (airway pressure release ventilation) 气道压力释放通气Auto-PEEP 自发(自动)性呼气末正压Auto-flow 自动流量BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) 双相气道正压通气BiPAP (bi-level positive airway pressure) 双水平气道正压通气CPPB (continuous positive pressure breathing) 持续正压呼吸CPPB/CPPV (continuous positive pressure ventilation) 持续正压通气CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) 持续正压气道/持续气道正压A/C (assisted/control ventilation) 辅助/控制通气C/A (control/assisted ventilaion) 控制/辅助通气CMV (control mechanical ventilation) 机械控制通气CMV (continuous mandatory ventilation) 持续指令通气ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenator) 肺或体外循环膜式氧合器EIPPV (end-inspiratory positive pressure ventilation) 吸气末正压通气Expiratory retard 呼气延长或延迟End-expiratory hold 呼气末屏气HFV (high frequency ventilation) 高频通气HFPPV (high-frequency positive pressure ventilation) 高频正压通气HFJV (high-frequency jet ventilation) 高频喷射通气HFOV (high-frequency oscillation ventilation) 高频振荡通气IAV (intermittent assisted ventilation) 间歇辅助通气Inspiratory hold 吸气屏气IMV (intermittent mandatory ventilation) 间歇指令通气IPPV (intermittent positive pressure ventilation) 间歇正压通气IPPV (invasive positive pressure ventilation) 有创机械通气IPNPV(intermittent positive negative pressure ventilation) 间歇正负压通气IRV (inversed ratio ventilation) 反比通气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气MMV (mandatory minute ventilation) 指令分钟通气NEEPV (negative end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末负压通气NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation) 无创正压通气PAV (proportional assisted ventilation) 成比例辅助通气PPS (proportional pressure support) 比例压力支持PCV (pressure control ventilation) 压力控制通气PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末正压通气PEEPi (intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure) 内源性呼气末正压通气PLV (partial liquid ventilation) 部分液体通气Prone ventilation 俯卧位通气PSV (pressure support ventilation) 压力支持通气SIMV (synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation) 同步间歇指令通气Sigh 叹息VCV (volume control ventilation) 容量控制通气VSV (volume support ventilation) 容量支持通气PRVC (pressure regulated volume control) 压力调节的容量控制VAPS (volume assured pressure support) 容量保证压力支持附录二呼吸机版面常用术语中、英文对照与缩写Power 电源Mode 通气模式Assist 辅助Control 控制A/C 辅助/控制SIMV/IMV 同步间歇指令通气/间歇指令通气IPPV 间歇正压通气CPAP 持续正压气道通气PCV 压力控制PSV 压力支持VCV 容量控制VSV 容量支持Sigh 叹息SIMV+PSV 同步间歇指令通气+压力支持SIMV+Sigh 同步间歇指令通气+叹息MMV 指令每分钟通气Inspiratory Hold 吸气屏气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气通气参数TV(V) 潮气量TMV 分钟通气量Respiratory Rate(frequency) 呼吸频率Peak Flow 峰流(量) I ：E (I/E) 吸：呼PSV 压力支持PEEP/CPAP 呼气末正压通气/持续气道正压Sensitivity 触发灵敏度Oxygen(%) 氧浓度监测指标High airway pressure 高气道压Low airway pressure 低气道压High minute volume 高分钟通气量Low minute volume 低分钟通气量Apnea 呼吸暂停Patient effort 病人触发TV 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Machine inoper 机器故障Power inoper 电源故障Low gas pressure 气源压力过低附录三呼吸生理专业词汇中、英文对照与缩写一、基本略号A alveolar gas 肺泡气B barometric (大)气压的C content of gas in blood 血中气体含量 compliance顺应性D dead space(volume) 无效腔(量) diffusion capacity 弥散量E e x p i r e d g a s 呼出气Elastic 弹性的(肺泡)弹性回缩力F f r a c t i o n a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f g a s 气体浓度G c o n d u c t a n c e 传导I i n s p i r e d g a s 吸入气Inspiration 吸气L l u n g 肺M minute 分钟Maximal 最大的P pressure 压力p a r t i a l p r e s s u r e 分压average pressure 平均压Q volume of blood 血容积 血流量Q ●blood flow in liters per minute 单位时间(分钟)的血流量 R r e s i s t a n c e 阻力Ratio 比率(例)S saturation 饱和度T tidal volume 潮气量Time 时间V gas volume 气体容量V ventilation in liters per mimute 分钟通气量●V flow rate 流速 V mixed venous blood 混合静脉血W work of breathing 呼吸功 a arterial blood 动脉血aw airway 气道c capillary blood 毛细血管血 f frequency 呼吸频率s shut 分流v venous 静脉的二、肺容积和肺容量（lung volume and capacity ） CC closing capacity 闭合容积CV closing volume 闭合容量ERV expiratory reserve volume 补呼气量FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量IRV inspiratory reserve volume 补吸RV residual volume 残气量TLC total lung capacity 肺总量Vdan volume of anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔量Vdalv volume of alveolar dead space 肺泡无效腔量VDvolume of dead space 无效腔量VTtidal volume 潮气量V D /VT(ratio of dead space to tidal volume) 无效腔/潮气量三、通气(ventilation)FEFV forced expiratory flow volume 用力呼气流量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量FEV1forced expiratory volume in the first second 第一秒用力呼气流量FEV1/FVC forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity第一秒用力呼气流量/用力肺活量FIV forced inspiratory volume 用力吸气量MBC maximal breathing capacity 通气最大呼吸量MVV maximal minute ventilation 最大分钟通气量MEFV maximal expiratory flow-volume 最大呼气流速-容量MIFV maximal inspiratory flow-volume 最大吸气流速-容量MMEF maximal mid-expiratory flow 最大中段呼气流速MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气量PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速)PF peak flow 峰流量TVC time vital volume 时间肺活量●V A minute volume of alveloar ventilation 分钟肺泡通MV minute ventilation 分钟通气量●V ISO Volume of iso-flow 等流速容量●V max50&●V50 maximal expiratory flow in 50% vital capacity50%肺活量时最大呼气流(速)●V max25&●V25 maximal expiratory flow in 25% vital capacity25% 肺活量时最大呼气流(速) ●V max maximal expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速)●V-V flow-volume 流速-容量四、通气与血流(ventilation and perfusion)CaO2arterial oxygen content 动脉血氧含量CvO2oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量C v O2oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧含量C(a-v)O2arterial-venous oxygen content difference 动-静脉血氧含量差C(a-v)O2arterial-mixed venous oxygen content difference动-混合静脉血氧含量差P A O2partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡气氧分压P(A-a)O2partial pressure of oxygen difference of alveolar-arterial肺泡-动脉氧分压差D(A-a)O2difference of partial pressure of oxygen of alveolar-arterial oxygen肺泡-动脉氧分压差P v O2oxygen partial pressure of mix venous 混合静脉血氧分压Q●/Q●ratio of shunted blood to total perfusion 静-动脉分流/Q ●physiological pulmonary shunt 生理性肺内分流 Q ●anatomical pulmonary shunt 解剖性肺内分流 S v O 2 mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度●V A /Q ●ventilation/perfusion 通气/血流 五、弥散(diffusion)D L diffusion of lung 肺的弥散D L CO diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung 肺CO弥散量D L O 2 diffusion capacity for oxygen of the lung 肺的氧弥散量六、呼吸力学(mechanics of breathing)Ccw chest wall compliance 胸壁顺应性CE Ceff effective compliance 有效顺应性C fd lung compliance 频率依赖的顺应性C L lung compliance 肺顺应性CLdyn dynamic lung compliance 动态肺顺应性CLst static lung compliance 静态肺顺应性C/V L specific compliance 单位肺容量的肺顺应性E L elastance of lung 肺弹性回缩EPP equal pressure point 等压点Gaw airway conductance 气道传导率Gsp specific airway conductance 比气道传导率Plel lung elastic recoil pressure 肺弹性PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 最大呼气流速PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流量PIF peak inspiratory flow 最大吸气流量PIP peak inspiratory pressure 最大吸气压力airway resistance 气道阻Raw力downstream resistance 下游气道阻Rds力upstream resistance 上游气道阻Rus力total airway resistance 总气道RL阻力respiratory resistance 呼吸Rrs阻力RQ respiratory quotient 呼吸商Zrespiratory impedance 总呼吸阻rs抗W work of breathing 呼吸功附录四血气分析常用符号中、英文对照与缩写AB actual bicarbonate 实际碳酸氢盐ABC actual bicarbonate radical 实际碳酸氢根ABE actual base excess 实际碱剩余BB buffer base 缓冲碱BF base excess 剩余碱oxygen content in arterial blood 动脉血CaO2氧含量oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含CvO2量content of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳含CCO2量C v O2oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血含量FiO2fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧浓度PaO2 /FiO2呼吸指数(动脉氧分压/吸入气氧浓度)P I O2partial pressure of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧分压P A O2partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡氧分压P E O2partial pressure of oxygen in expired gas 呼出气氧分压F E CO2fractional concentration of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2浓度P E CO2Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2分压P v O2oxygen partial pressure of mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧分压SCVO2 central venous O2saturation 中心静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度TCO2total carbon dioxide content 二氧化碳总含量H+ hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度pH hydrogen exponent 酸碱度P50partial pressure of oxygen in 50% saturation of hemoglobin血氧饱和度为50%的氧分压PaO2partial pressure of oxygen in artery 动脉血氧分压Pa CO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery 动脉二氧化碳分压PcO2partial pressure of oxygen in capillary 毛细血管氧分压PvO2partial pressure of oxygen in venous 静脉氧分压P v O2partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous 混合静脉血氧分压SaOarterial oxygen saturation 动脉血氧饱2和度SAT saturation of arterial oxygen 动脉血氧饱和度SB standard bicarbonate 标准碳酸氢盐SBC standard bicarbonate radical 标准碳酸氢根SBE standard base excess 标准剩余碱venous oxygen saturation 静脉血氧饱和SvO2度mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和S v O2度跨肺压（ΔPL）=气道开口压（Pao）-胸膜腔内压（Ppl）（1）跨肺泡压（ΔPalv）=肺泡内压（Palv）-胸膜腔内压（Ppl）（2）跨气道压（Δpaw）=气道开口压（Pao）-肺泡内压（Palv）（3）气道峰压（PIP）=气道阻力压（PRaw）+平台压（Ppla）（4）平台压（Ppla）近似等于平均肺泡内压（Palv）。
呼吸机相关词汇
附录一常用机械通气模式或方法中、英文对照与缩写AA V (adaptive assisted ventilation) 适应性辅助通气ASV (adaptive support ventilationg) 适应性支持通气AMV (assisted mandatory ventilationg) 辅助指令通气APRV (airway pressure release ventilation) 气道压力释放通气Auto-PEEP 自发(自动)性呼气末正压Auto-flow 自动流量BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) 双相气道正压通气BiPAP (bi-level positive airway pressure) 双水平气道正压通气CPPB (continuous positive pressure breathing) 持续正压呼吸CPPB/CPPV (continuous positive pressure ventilation) 持续正压通气CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) 持续正压气道/持续气道正压A/C (assisted/control ventilation) 辅助/控制通气C/A (control/assisted ventilaion) 控制/辅助通气CMV (control mechanical ventilation) 机械控制通气CMV (continuous mandatory ventilation) 持续指令通气ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenator) 肺或体外循环膜式氧合器EIPPV (end-inspiratory positive pressure ventilation) 吸气末正压通气Expiratory retard 呼气延长或延迟End-expiratory hold 呼气末屏气HFV (high frequency ventilation) 高频通气HFPPV (high-frequency positive pressure ventilation) 高频正压通气HFJV (high-frequency jet ventilation) 高频喷射通气HFOV (high-frequency oscillation ventilation) 高频振荡通气IA V (intermittent assisted ventilation) 间歇辅助通气Inspiratory hold 吸气屏气IMV (intermittent mandatory ventilation) 间歇指令通气IPPV (intermittent positive pressure ventilation) 间歇正压通气IPPV (invasive positive pressure ventilation) 有创机械通气IPNPV(intermittent positive negative pressure ventilation) 间歇正负压通气IRV (inversed ratio ventilation) 反比通气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气MMV (mandatory minute ventilation) 指令分钟通气NEEPV (negative end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末负压通气NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation) 无创正压通气PA V (proportional assisted ventilation) 成比例辅助通气PPS (proportional pressure support) 比例压力支持PCV (pressure control ventilation) 压力控制通气PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末正压通气PEEPi (intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure) 内源性呼气末正压通气PLV (partial liquid ventilation) 部分液体通气Prone ventilation 俯卧位通气PSV (pressure support ventilation) 压力支持通气SIMV (synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation) 同步间歇指令通气Sigh 叹息VCV (volume control ventilation) 容量控制通气VSV (volume support ventilation) 容量支持通气PRVC (pressure regulated volume control) 压力调节的容量控制V APS (volume assured pressure support) 容量保证压力支持附录二呼吸机版面常用术语中、英文对照与缩写Power 电源Mode 通气模式Assist 辅助Control 控制A/C 辅助/控制SIMV/IMV 同步间歇指令通气/间歇指令通气IPPV 间歇正压通气CPAP 持续正压气道通气PCV 压力控制PSV 压力支持VCV 容量控制VSV 容量支持Sigh 叹息SIMV+PSV 同步间歇指令通气+压力支持SIMV+Sigh 同步间歇指令通气+叹息MMV 指令每分钟通气Inspiratory Hold 吸气屏气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气通气参数TV(V T) 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Respiratory Rate(frequency) 呼吸频率Peak Flow 峰流(量) I ：E (I/E) 吸：呼PSV 压力支持PEEP/CPAP 呼气末正压通气/持续气道正压Sensitivity 触发灵敏度Oxygen(%) 氧浓度监测指标High airway pressure 高气道压Low airway pressure 低气道压High minute volume 高分钟通气量Low minute volume 低分钟通气量Apnea 呼吸暂停Patient effort 病人触发TV 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Machine inoper 机器故障Power inoper 电源故障Low gas pressure 气源压力过低附录三呼吸生理专业词汇中、英文对照与缩写一、基本略号A alveolar gas 肺泡气B barometric (大)气压的C content of gas in blood 血中气体含量compliance 顺应性D dead space(volume) 无效腔(量)diffusion capacity 弥散量E expired gas 呼出气Elastic 弹性的(肺泡)弹性回缩力F fractional concentration of gas 气体浓度G conductance 传导I inspired gas 吸入气Inspiration 吸气L lung 肺M minute 分钟Maximal 最大的P pressure 压力partial pressure 分压average pressure 平均压Q volume of blood 血容积血流量Q●blood flow in liters per minute 单位时间(分钟)的血流量R resistance 阻力Ratio 比率(例) S saturation 饱和度T tidal volume 潮气量Time 时间V gas volume 气体容量V ventilation in liters per mimute 分钟通气量●V flow rate 流速V mixed venous blood 混合静脉血W work of breathing 呼吸功a arterial blood 动脉血aw airway 气道c capillary blood 毛细血管血f frequency 呼吸频率s shut 分流v venous 静脉的二、肺容积和肺容量（lung volume and capacity）CC closing capacity 闭合容积CV closing volume 闭合容量ERV expiratory reserve volume 补呼气量FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量IRV inspiratory reserve volume 补吸气量RV residual volume 残气量TLC total lung capacity 肺总量V d an volume of anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔量V d alv volume of alveolar dead space 肺泡无效腔量V D volume of dead space 无效腔量V T tidal volume 潮气量V D/V T (ratio of dead space to tidal volume) 无效腔/潮气量三、通气(ventilation)FEFV forced expiratory flow volume 用力呼气流量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量FEV1forced expiratory volume in the first second 第一秒用力呼气流量FEV1/FVC forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity第一秒用力呼气流量/用力肺活量FIV forced inspiratory volume 用力吸气量MBC maximal breathing capacity 通气最大呼吸量MVV maximal minute ventilation 最大分钟通气量MEFV maximal expiratory flow-volume 最大呼气流速-容量MIFV maximal inspiratory flow-volume 最大吸气流速-容量MMEF maximal mid-expiratory flow 最大中段呼气流速MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气量PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速)PF peak flow 峰流量 TVC time vital volume 时间肺活量 ●V A minute volume of alveloar ventilation 分钟肺泡通气量 MV minute ventilation 分钟通气量 ●V ISO V olume of iso-flow 等流速容量 ●V max50&●V 50 maximal expiratory flow in 50% vital capacity 50%肺活量时最大呼气流(速) ●V max25&●V 25 maximal expiratory flow in 25% vital capacity 25% 肺活量时最大呼气流(速) ●V max maximal expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速) ●V -V flow-volume 流速-容量四、通气与血流(ventilation and perfusion)CaO 2 arterial oxygen content 动脉血氧含量 CvO 2 oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量 C v O 2 oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧含量 C (a-v)O 2 arterial-venous oxygen content difference 动-静脉血氧含量差 C (a-v )O 2 arterial-mixed venous oxygen content difference 动-混合静脉血氧含量差 P A O 2 partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡气氧分压 P(A-a)O 2 partial pressure of oxygen difference of alveolar-arterial肺泡-动脉氧分压差 D(A-a)O 2 difference of partial pressure of oxygen of alveolar-arterial oxygen肺泡-动脉氧分压差 P v O 2 oxygen partial pressure of mix venous 混合静脉血氧分压 Q ● s /Q ●t ratio of shunted blood to total perfusion 静-动脉分流/总流量 Q ●sphy physiological pulmonary shunt 生理性肺内分流 Q ●san anatomical pulmonary shunt 解剖性肺内分流 S v O 2 mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度 ●V A /Q ●ventilation/perfusion 通气/血流五、弥散(diffusion)D L diffusion of lung 肺的弥散D L CO diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung 肺CO弥散量D L O2 diffusion capacity for oxygen of the lung 肺的氧弥散量六、呼吸力学(mechanics of breathing)Ccw chest wall compliance 胸壁顺应性CE Ceff effective compliance 有效顺应性C fd lung compliance 频率依赖的顺应性C L lung compliance 肺顺应性CLdyn dynamic lung compliance 动态肺顺应性CLst static lung compliance 静态肺顺应性C/V L specific compliance 单位肺容量的肺顺应性E L elastance of lung 肺弹性回缩EPP equal pressure point 等压点Gaw airway conductance 气道传导率Gsp specific airway conductance 比气道传导率Plel lung elastic recoil pressure 肺弹性回缩压PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 最大呼气流速PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流量PIF peak inspiratory flow 最大吸气流量PIP peak inspiratory pressure 最大吸气压力R aw airway resistance 气道阻力R ds downstream resistance 下游气道阻力R us upstream resistance 上游气道阻力R L total airway resistance 总气道阻力R rs respiratory resistance 呼吸阻力RQ respiratory quotient 呼吸商Z rs respiratory impedance 总呼吸阻抗W work of breathing 呼吸功附录四血气分析常用符号中、英文对照与缩写AB actual bicarbonate 实际碳酸氢盐ABC actual bicarbonate radical 实际碳酸氢根ABE actual base excess 实际碱剩余BB buffer base 缓冲碱BF base excess 剩余碱CaO2oxygen content in arterial blood 动脉血氧含量CvO2 oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量CCO2 content of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳含量C v O2 oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血含量FiO2 fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧浓度PaO2 /FiO2 呼吸指数(动脉氧分压/吸入气氧浓度)P I O2partial pressure of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧分压P A O2partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡氧分压P E O2 partial pressure of oxygen in expired gas 呼出气氧分压F E CO2 fractional concentration of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2 浓度P E CO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2 分压P v O2 oxygen partial pressure of mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧分压SCV O2central venous O2 saturation 中心静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度TCO2 total carbon dioxide content 二氧化碳总含量H+ hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度pH hydrogen exponent 酸碱度P50 partial pressure of oxygen in 50% saturation of hemoglobin血氧饱和度为50%的氧分压PaO2partial pressure of oxygen in artery 动脉血氧分压Pa CO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery 动脉二氧化碳分压PcO2 partial pressure of oxygen in capillary 毛细血管氧分压PvO2 partial pressure of oxygen in venous 静脉氧分压P v O2 partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous 混合静脉血氧分压SaO2arterial oxygen saturation 动脉血氧饱和度SAT saturation of arterial oxygen 动脉血氧饱和度SB standard bicarbonate 标准碳酸氢盐SBC standard bicarbonate radical 标准碳酸氢根SBE standard base excess 标准剩余碱SvO2 venous oxygen saturation 静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度跨肺压（ΔPL）=气道开口压（Pao）-胸膜腔内压（Ppl）（1）跨肺泡压（ΔPalv）=肺泡内压（Palv）-胸膜腔内压（Ppl）（2）跨气道压（Δpaw）=气道开口压（Pao）-肺泡内压（Palv）（3）气道峰压（PIP）=气道阻力压（PRaw）+平台压（Ppla）（4）平台压（Ppla）近似等于平均肺泡内压（Palv）。
呼吸机常用英语2
一、模式篇Volume Control --- 容量控制，简称VC基础通气模式之一，预设潮气量，呼吸频率，通气效率保证，气道压力可变IPPV --- Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation 间歇气道正压通气Drager产的呼吸机上的叫法，其实就是容量控制通气Pressure Control ---- 压力控制，简称PC基础通气模式之一，预设吸气压力，呼吸频率，气道压力固定，潮气量可变A/C --- Assist/ Control 辅助/控制通气基础通气模式之一，允许患者自主触发辅助通气，目前的呼吸机上的容量控制和压力控制通气都有A/C的含义SIMV --- Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation 同步间歇指令通气混合模式，同步给予强制或辅助通气，间歇期允许患者自主呼吸或触发支持通气PSV --- Pressure Support Ventilation 压力支持通气支持模式，所有呼吸均由患者触发，呼吸机给予正压支持ASB --- Assisted Spontaneous Breathing 辅助自主呼吸Drager呼吸机上的叫法，其实就是PSVBIPAP --- Biphasic Positive Airway Pressure 双水平气道正压Drager呼吸机首创模式，两个气道正压周期性转换，产生潮气量，同时允许患者在两个压力水平上自主呼吸BiPAP --- Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure 双相气道正压伟康无创呼吸机专有模式，吸气相和呼气相交替切换两个压力水平，无创通气模式注：目前对于BIPAP和BiPAP的中文译名存在一定混乱，这里采用Drager呼吸机说明书上的说法，可能有的文献命名方法完全相反，个人感觉搞清楚两者的区别比纠缠名字更有意义APRV --- Airway Pressure Release Ventilation 气道压力释放通气BIPAP的一种形式，低压相时间特别短，欧洲也把APRV 与BIPAP通用CPAP --- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure 持续气道正压自主呼吸模式，呼吸机只给予一个持续的正压，患者自主完成呼吸过程PRVC --- Pressure Regulated Volume Control 压力调节容量控制双重控制模式，MAQUET Servo呼吸机首创，预设潮气量，呼吸机自动调节吸气压力，保证以最低的压力输送预设潮气量APV --- Adaptive Pressure Ventilation 适应性压力通气Hamilton呼吸机上的叫法，与PRVC相似VTPC --- Volume Target Pressure Control 容量目标压力通气Newport呼吸机上的叫法，与PRVC相似VAPS --- Volume Assured Pressure Support 容量保障压力支持鸟牌呼吸机上的双控模式，在一次呼吸内，如果指定时间内未输送完预设潮气量，即转为压力支持直至潮气量完成Paug --- 压力扩增熊牌呼吸机上的双控模式，与VAPS相似VSV --- Volume Support Ventilation 容量支持通气双重控制模式，与PRVC不同处在于所有的呼吸必须由患者自己触发MMV --- Minute Mandatory Ventilation 分钟指令通气预设目标分钟通气量，当实际通气量不足时呼吸机给予指令通气，保证达到预设通气量目标ASV --- Adaptive Support Ventilation 适应性支持通气闭合环通气模式，呼吸机自动调节支持水平，使得患者处在预设的“理想通气范围”内PAV --- Proportional Assist Ventilation 成比例辅助通气PB以及Stephanie呼吸机上的一种模式，呼吸机监测气道阻力和顺应性变化，间接判断患者吸气努力大小，并成比例的给予通气辅助PPS --- Proportional Pressure Support 成比例压力支持Drager呼吸机上的特有模式，与PAV相似accumulator贮气箱(装置)adap ter接合器,接口adjusting tap 调节柄air inlet filter空气输入滤过器airway p ressure呼吸道压alarm indicator报警显示alveolar p ressure肺泡内压amp lifier增幅唇apnea呼吸暂停apnea indicator呼吸暂停显示装置assembly装置、组合assist/controlmode,A /C辅助/控制通气back - up ventilation备用通气bacterial filter细菌滤过器bag囊ballon valve球囊式活瓣bellows风箱bleed regulator排气调节器blower鼓风机calibration校准、定标chamber腔check valve单向阀compensator代偿装置comp ressor压缩器、压缩装置continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)持续呼吸道正压continuous flow持续气流control knob调节炳cooling fan冷却扇corrugated hose螺纹管、呼吸管道crossover soleniod交通电磁阀delay dial廷迟设定demand flow按需气流demand valve按需供气阀diaphragm 隔膜digital amp lifer数字型增幅器drive system驱动系统electrical switch电子开关electrodynamic valve电动阀exhaled gas呼出气exhalation time呼出时间exhalation valve呼出阀exhaust valve气体排出活瓣(阀)exp ired minute volume呼气分钟通气量feed back servocontrol反馈伺服控制filling solenoid充气电磁阀(气流开关) filter滤过器flap valve平行阀flow control valve流量控制(调节)阀flowrate流速flow transducer流量传感器flow trigger流量触发(器)flush knob冲洗按键gas outlet气体出口gas samp ing pump 气体采样泵gas supp ly气体供应generated p ressure驱动压microswitch 微开关minute volume 分钟通气量mixer 混合器mode 模式moisture trap 湿气(水分)清除装置nebulizer 雾化器(装置)needle valve 针型阀one-way valve 单向阀orifice 13、孔、开口overflow valve 满溢阀(活瓣)over-pressure relif valve过压释放阀oxygen percent control 氧浓度调节(控制) oxygen sensor 氧传感器parameter 参数pat~nt wye Y型接头peak hold switch 峰压保持键peak flow dial 峰流设定plateau 平台plunger 插塞pneumotachometer 气流速度计piston 活塞pop off valve 过压释放阀preset volume(pressure)预置的容量(压力) power supply 电源pressure gauge 压力计、压力测量装置pressure manometer 压力计(表)pressure-reducing valve 减压阀pressure regulator 压力调节器pressure relief valve 压力释放阀pressure support 压力支持pressure transducer 压力传感器proportional solenoid 比例电磁阀valveproximal airway line 气道压测量联接管ratio 率、比值regulator 调节器(装置)reservoir hag 贮气囊resetkey 复原键、恢复键respiratory hag 呼吸囊respiratory rate 呼吸频率restrictor 气流限制装置reverse flow 逆流sensitivity 敏感度sensor 传感器、测量器sigh pressure 息时压力silicone rubber tube 硅橡胶管slipjoint 滑动关节solenoid 电磁阀、电控气流阀(开关)source gas 气源spirometer 肺活量计spontaneous bag 自主呼吸囊spring 弹簧stepping(stepper，step)motor 步进电机stopcock 气流开关suction 吸引support arm 支持臂temperature sensor 度传感器test lung 模拟肺thermister 半导体温度计thermometer 度计tidal volume 潮气量time preset key 时间预调键tranducer 传感器trigger level 触发水平tubingcompliance 管道顺应性variable orifice 可变口valve 阀，活瓣vent 出口ventilator 呼吸机、通气机ventilator settings 呼吸机设置Venturi 文丘里装置water trap 除水装置waveform 波形wick 加湿器的芯子。
呼吸机相关词汇中英文对照
附录一常用机械通气模式或方法中、英文对照与缩写AA V (adaptive assisted ventilation) 适应性辅助通气ASV (adaptive support ventilationg) 适应性支持通气AMV (assisted mandatory ventilationg) 辅助指令通气APRV (airway pressure release ventilation) 气道压力释放通气Auto-PEEP 自发(自动)性呼气末正压Auto-flow 自动流量BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) 双相气道正压通气BiPAP (bi-level positive airway pressure) 双水平气道正压通气CPPB (continuous positive pressure breathing) 持续正压呼吸CPPB/CPPV (continuous positive pressure ventilation) 持续正压通气CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) 持续正压气道/持续气道正压A/C (assisted/control ventilation) 辅助/控制通气C/A (control/assisted ventilaion) 控制/辅助通气CMV (control mechanical ventilation) 机械控制通气CMV (continuous mandatory ventilation) 持续指令通气ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenator) 肺或体外循环膜式氧合器EIPPV (end-inspiratory positive pressure ventilation) 吸气末正压通气Expiratory retard 呼气延长或延迟End-expiratory hold 呼气末屏气HFV (high frequency ventilation) 高频通气HFPPV (high-frequency positive pressure ventilation) 高频正压通气HFJV (high-frequency jet ventilation) 高频喷射通气HFOV (high-frequency oscillation ventilation) 高频振荡通气IA V (intermittent assisted ventilation) 间歇辅助通气Inspiratory hold 吸气屏气IMV (intermittent mandatory ventilation) 间歇指令通气IPPV (intermittent positive pressure ventilation) 间歇正压通气IPPV (invasive positive pressure ventilation) 有创机械通气IPNPV(intermittent positive negative pressure ventilation) 间歇正负压通气IRV (inversed ratio ventilation) 反比通气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气MMV (mandatory minute ventilation) 指令分钟通气NEEPV (negative end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末负压通气NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation) 无创正压通气PA V (proportional assisted ventilation) 成比例辅助通气PPS (proportional pressure support) 比例压力支持PCV (pressure control ventilation) 压力控制通气PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末正压通气PEEPi (intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure) 内源性呼气末正压通气PLV (partial liquid ventilation) 部分液体通气Prone ventilation 俯卧位通气PSV (pressure support ventilation) 压力支持通气SIMV (synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation) 同步间歇指令通气Sigh 叹息VCV (volume control ventilation) 容量控制通气VSV (volume support ventilation) 容量支持通气PRVC (pressure regulated volume control) 压力调节的容量控制V APS (volume assured pressure support) 容量保证压力支持附录二呼吸机版面常用术语中、英文对照与缩写Power 电源Mode 通气模式Assist 辅助Control 控制A/C 辅助/控制SIMV/IMV 同步间歇指令通气/间歇指令通气IPPV 间歇正压通气CPAP 持续正压气道通气PCV 压力控制PSV 压力支持VCV 容量控制VSV 容量支持Sigh 叹息SIMV+PSV 同步间歇指令通气+压力支持SIMV+Sigh 同步间歇指令通气+叹息MMV 指令每分钟通气Inspiratory Hold 吸气屏气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气通气参数TV(V T) 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Respiratory Rate(frequency) 呼吸频率Peak Flow 峰流(量) I ：E (I/E) 吸：呼PSV 压力支持PEEP/CPAP 呼气末正压通气/持续气道正压Sensitivity 触发灵敏度Oxygen(%) 氧浓度监测指标High airway pressure 高气道压Low airway pressure 低气道压High minute volume 高分钟通气量Low minute volume 低分钟通气量Apnea 呼吸暂停Patient effort 病人触发TV 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Machine inoper 机器故障Power inoper 电源故障Low gas pressure 气源压力过低附录三呼吸生理专业词汇中、英文对照与缩写一、基本略号A alveolar gas 肺泡气B barometric (大)气压的C content of gas in blood 血中气体含量compliance 顺应性D dead space(volume) 无效腔(量)diffusion capacity 弥散量E expired gas 呼出气Elastic 弹性的(肺泡)弹性回缩力F fractional concentration of gas 气体浓度G conductance 传导I inspired gas 吸入气Inspiration 吸气L lung 肺M minute 分钟Maximal 最大的P pressure 压力partial pressure 分压average pressure 平均压Q volume of blood 血容积血流量Q●blood flow in liters per minute 单位时间(分钟)的血流量R resistance 阻力Ratio 比率(例) S saturation 饱和度T tidal volume 潮气量Time 时间V gas volume 气体容量V ventilation in liters per mimute 分钟通气量●V flow rate 流速V mixed venous blood 混合静脉血W work of breathing 呼吸功a arterial blood 动脉血aw airway 气道c capillary blood 毛细血管血f frequency 呼吸频率s shut 分流v venous 静脉的二、肺容积和肺容量（lung volume and capacity）CC closing capacity 闭合容积CV closing volume 闭合容量ERV expiratory reserve volume 补呼气量FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量IRV inspiratory reserve volume 补吸气量RV residual volume 残气量TLC total lung capacity 肺总量V d an volume of anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔量V d alv volume of alveolar dead space 肺泡无效腔量V D volume of dead space 无效腔量V T tidal volume 潮气量V D/V T (ratio of dead space to tidal volume) 无效腔/潮气量三、通气(ventilation)FEFV forced expiratory flow volume 用力呼气流量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量FEV1forced expiratory volume in the first second 第一秒用力呼气流量FEV1/FVC forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity第一秒用力呼气流量/用力肺活量FIV forced inspiratory volume 用力吸气量MBC maximal breathing capacity 通气最大呼吸量MVV maximal minute ventilation 最大分钟通气量MEFV maximal expiratory flow-volume 最大呼气流速-容量MIFV maximal inspiratory flow-volume 最大吸气流速-容量MMEF maximal mid-expiratory flow 最大中段呼气流速MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气量PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速)PF peak flow 峰流量 TVC time vital volume 时间肺活量 ●V A minute volume of alveloar ventilation 分钟肺泡通气量 MV minute ventilation 分钟通气量 ●V ISO V olume of iso-flow 等流速容量 ●V max50&●V 50 maximal expiratory flow in 50% vital capacity 50%肺活量时最大呼气流(速) ●V max25&●V 25 maximal expiratory flow in 25% vital capacity 25% 肺活量时最大呼气流(速) ●V max maximal expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速) ●V -V flow-volume 流速-容量四、通气与血流(ventilation and perfusion)CaO 2 arterial oxygen content 动脉血氧含量 CvO 2 oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量 C v O 2 oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧含量 C (a-v)O 2 arterial-venous oxygen content difference 动-静脉血氧含量差 C (a-v )O 2 arterial-mixed venous oxygen content difference 动-混合静脉血氧含量差 P A O 2 partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡气氧分压 P(A-a)O 2 partial pressure of oxygen difference of alveolar-arterial肺泡-动脉氧分压差 D(A-a)O 2 difference of partial pressure of oxygen of alveolar-arterial oxygen肺泡-动脉氧分压差 P v O 2 oxygen partial pressure of mix venous 混合静脉血氧分压 Q ●s /Q ●t ratio of shunted blood to total perfusion 静-动脉分流/总流量 Q ●sphy physiological pulmonary shunt 生理性肺内分流 Q ●san anatomical pulmonary shunt 解剖性肺内分流 S v O 2 mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度 ●V A /Q ●ventilation/perfusion 通气/血流五、弥散(diffusion)D L diffusion of lung 肺的弥散D L CO diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung 肺CO弥散量D L O2 diffusion capacity for oxygen of the lung 肺的氧弥散量六、呼吸力学(mechanics of breathing)Ccw chest wall compliance 胸壁顺应性CE Ceff effective compliance 有效顺应性C fd lung compliance 频率依赖的顺应性C L lung compliance 肺顺应性CLdyn dynamic lung compliance 动态肺顺应性CLst static lung compliance 静态肺顺应性C/V L specific compliance 单位肺容量的肺顺应性E L elastance of lung 肺弹性回缩EPP equal pressure point 等压点Gaw airway conductance 气道传导率Gsp specific airway conductance 比气道传导率Plel lung elastic recoil pressure 肺弹性回缩压PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 最大呼气流速PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流量PIF peak inspiratory flow 最大吸气流量PIP peak inspiratory pressure 最大吸气压力R aw airway resistance 气道阻力R ds downstream resistance 下游气道阻力R us upstream resistance 上游气道阻力R L total airway resistance 总气道阻力R rs respiratory resistance 呼吸阻力RQ respiratory quotient 呼吸商Z rs respiratory impedance 总呼吸阻抗W work of breathing 呼吸功附录四血气分析常用符号中、英文对照与缩写AB actual bicarbonate 实际碳酸氢盐ABC actual bicarbonate radical 实际碳酸氢根ABE actual base excess 实际碱剩余BB buffer base 缓冲碱BF base excess 剩余碱CaO2oxygen content in arterial blood 动脉血氧含量CvO2 oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量CCO2 content of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳含量C v O2 oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血含量FiO2 fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧浓度PaO2 /FiO2 呼吸指数(动脉氧分压/吸入气氧浓度)P I O2partial pressure of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧分压P A O2partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡氧分压P E O2 partial pressure of oxygen in expired gas 呼出气氧分压F E CO2 fractional concentration of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2 浓度P E CO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2 分压P v O2 oxygen partial pressure of mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧分压SCV O2central venous O2 saturation 中心静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度TCO2 total carbon dioxide content 二氧化碳总含量H+ hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度pH hydrogen exponent 酸碱度P50 partial pressure of oxygen in 50% saturation of hemoglobin血氧饱和度为50%的氧分压PaO2partial pressure of oxygen in artery 动脉血氧分压Pa CO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery 动脉二氧化碳分压PcO2 partial pressure of oxygen in capillary 毛细血管氧分压PvO2 partial pressure of oxygen in venous 静脉氧分压P v O2 partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous 混合静脉血氧分压SaO2arterial oxygen saturation 动脉血氧饱和度SAT saturation of arterial oxygen 动脉血氧饱和度SB standard bicarbonate 标准碳酸氢盐SBC standard bicarbonate radical 标准碳酸氢根SBE standard base excess 标准剩余碱SvO2 venous oxygen saturation 静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度。
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附录一常用机械通气模式或方法中、英文对照与缩写AAV (adaptive assisted ventilation) 适应性辅助通气ASV (adaptive support ventilationg) 适应性支持通气AMV (assisted mandatory ventilationg) 辅助指令通气APRV (airway pressure release ventilation) 气道压力释放通气Auto-PEEP 自发(自动)性呼气末正压Auto-flow 自动流量BIPAP (biphasic positive airway pressure) 双相气道正压通气BiPAP (bi-level positive airway pressure) 双水平气道正压通气CPPB (continuous positive pressure breathing) 持续正压呼吸CPPB/CPPV (continuous positive pressure ventilation) 持续正压通气CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) 持续正压气道/持续气道正压A/C (assisted/control ventilation) 辅助/控制通气C/A (control/assisted ventilaion) 控制/辅助通气CMV (control mechanical ventilation) 机械控制通气CMV (continuous mandatory ventilation) 持续指令通气ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenator) 肺或体外循环膜式氧合器EIPPV (end-inspiratory positive pressure ventilation) 吸气末正压通气Expiratory retard 呼气延长或延迟End-expiratory hold 呼气末屏气HFV (high frequency ventilation) 高频通气HFPPV (high-frequency positive pressure ventilation) 高频正压通气HFJV (high-frequency jet ventilation) 高频喷射通气HFOV (high-frequency oscillation ventilation) 高频振荡通气IAV (intermittent assisted ventilation) 间歇辅助通气Inspiratory hold 吸气屏气IMV (intermittent mandatory ventilation) 间歇指令通气IPPV (intermittent positive pressure ventilation) 间歇正压通气IPPV (invasive positive pressure ventilation) 有创机械通气IPNPV(intermittent positive negative pressure ventilation) 间歇正负压通气IRV (inversed ratio ventilation) 反比通气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气MMV (mandatory minute ventilation) 指令分钟通气NEEPV (negative end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末负压通气NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation) 无创正压通气PAV (proportional assisted ventilation) 成比例辅助通气PPS (proportional pressure support) 比例压力支持PCV (pressure control ventilation) 压力控制通气PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) 呼气末正压通气PEEPi (intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure) 内源性呼气末正压通气PLV (partial liquid ventilation) 部分液体通气Prone ventilation 俯卧位通气PSV (pressure support ventilation) 压力支持通气SIMV (synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation) 同步间歇指令通气Sigh 叹息VCV (volume control ventilation) 容量控制通气VSV (volume support ventilation) 容量支持通气PRVC (pressure regulated volume control) 压力调节的容量控制VAPS (volume assured pressure support) 容量保证压力支持附录二呼吸机版面常用术语中、英文对照与缩写Power电源Mode 通气模式Assist 辅助Control控制A/C 辅助/控制SIMV/IMV 同步间歇指令通气/间歇指令通气IPPV 间歇正压通气CPAP 持续正压气道通气PCV 压力控制PSV 压力支持VCV 容量控制VSV 容量支持Sigh 叹息SIMV+PSV 同步间歇指令通气+压力支持SIMV+Sigh 同步间歇指令通气+叹息MMV 指令每分钟通气Inspiratory Hold 吸气屏气MV (manual ventilation) 手控通气通气参数TV(V T) 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Respiratory Rate(frequency) 呼吸频率Peak Flow 峰流(量)I ：E (I/E) 吸：呼PSV 压力支持PEEP/CPAP 呼气末正压通气/持续气道正压Sensitivity 触发灵敏度Oxygen(%) 氧浓度监测指标High airway pressure 高气道压Low airway pressure 低气道压High minute volume 高分钟通气量Low minute volume 低分钟通气量Apnea 呼吸暂停Patient effort 病人触发TV 潮气量MV 分钟通气量Machine inoper 机器故障Power inoper 电源故障Low gas pressure 气源压力过低附录三呼吸生理专业词汇中、英文对照与缩写一、基本略号A alveolar gas 肺泡气B barometric (大)气压的C content of gas in blood 血中气体含量compliance 顺应性D dead space(volume) 无效腔(量)diffusion capacity 弥散量E expired gas 呼出气Elastic 弹性的(肺泡)弹性回缩力F fractional concentration of gas 气体浓度G conductance 传导I inspired gas 吸入气Inspiration 吸气L lung 肺M minute 分钟Maximal 最大的P pressure 压力partial pressure 分压average pressure 平均压Q●volume of blood 血容积血流量Qblood flow in liters per minute 单位时间(分钟)的血流量R resistance 阻力Ratio 比率(例) S saturation 饱和度T tidal volume 潮气量Time 时间V gas volume 气体容量V ventilation in liters per mimute 分钟通气量●V flow rate 流速V mixed venous blood 混合静脉血W work of breathing呼吸功a arterial blood动脉血aw airway气道c capillary blood 毛细血管血f frequency呼吸频率s shut分流v venous静脉的二、肺容积和肺容量（lung volume and capacity）CC closing capacity 闭合容积CV closing volume 闭合容量ERV expiratory reserve volume 补呼气量FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量IRV inspiratory reserve volume 补吸气量RV residual volume 残气量TLC total lung capacity 肺总量V d an volume of anatomical dead space 解剖无效腔量V d alv volume of alveolar dead space 肺泡无效腔量V D volume of dead space 无效腔量V T tidal volume 潮气量V D/V T (ratio of dead space to tidal volume) 无效腔/潮气量三、通气(ventilation)FEFV forced expiratory flow volume 用力呼气流量FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量FEV1forced expiratory volume in the first second 第一秒用力呼气流量FEV1/FVC forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity第一秒用力呼气流量/用力肺活量FIV forced inspiratory volume 用力吸气量MBC maximal breathing capacity 通气最大呼吸量MVV maximal minute ventilation 最大分钟通气量MEFV maximal expiratory flow-volume 最大呼气流速-容量MIFV maximal inspiratory flow-volume 最大吸气流速-容量MMEF maximal mid-expiratory flow 最大中段呼气流速MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气量PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速)PF peak flow 峰流量TVC time vital volume 时间肺活量●V A minute volume of alveloar ventilation 分钟肺泡通气量MV minute ventilation 分钟通气量●V ISO Volume of iso-flow 等流速容量●V max50&●V50 maximal expiratory flow in 50% vital capacity50%肺活量时最大呼气流(速)●V max25&●V25 maximal expiratory flow in 25% vital capacity25% 肺活量时最大呼气流(速)●V max maximal expiratory flow 最大呼气流(速)●V-V flow-volume 流速-容量四、通气与血流(ventilation and perfusion)CaO2arterial oxygen content 动脉血氧含量CvO2oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量C v O2oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧含量C(a-v)O2arterial-venous oxygen content difference 动-静脉血氧含量差C(a-v)O2arterial-mixed venous oxygen content difference动-混合静脉血氧含量差P A O2 partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡气氧分压P(A-a)O2 partial pressure of oxygen difference of alveolar-arterial肺泡-动脉氧分压差D(A-a)O2 difference of partial pressure of oxygen of alveolar-arterial oxygen肺泡-动脉氧分压差P v O2oxygen partial pressure of mix venous 混合静脉血氧分压Q●s /Q●t ratio of shunted blood to total perfusion 静-动脉分流/总流量Q●sphy physiological pulmonary shunt 生理性肺内分流Q●san anatomical pulmonary shunt 解剖性肺内分流S v O 2 mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度●V A /Q ●ventilation/perfusion 通气/血流五、弥散(diffusion)D L diffusion of lung 肺的弥散D L CO diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of the lung 肺CO 弥散量 D L O 2 diffusion capacity for oxygen of the lung 肺的氧弥散量六、呼吸力学(mechanics of breathing)Ccw chest wall compliance 胸壁顺应性CE Ceff effective compliance 有效顺应性 C fd lung compliance 频率依赖的顺应性C L lung compliance 肺顺应性CLdyn dynamic lung compliance 动态肺顺应性CLst static lung compliance 静态肺顺应性C/V L specific compliance 单位肺容量的肺顺应性E L elastance of lung 肺弹性回缩EPP equal pressure point 等压点Gaw airway conductance 气道传导率Gsp specific airway conductance 比气道传导率Plel lung elastic recoil pressure 肺弹性回缩压PEFR peak expiratory flow rate 最大呼气流速PEF peak expiratory flow 最大呼气流量PIF peak inspiratory flow 最大吸气流量PIP peak inspiratory pressure 最大吸气压力R aw airway resistance 气道阻力R ds downstream resistance 下游气道阻力R us upstream resistance 上游气道阻力R L total airway resistance 总气道阻力R rs respiratory resistance 呼吸阻力RQ respiratory quotient 呼吸商Z rs respiratory impedance 总呼吸阻抗W work of breathing 呼吸功附录四血气分析常用符号中、英文对照与缩写AB actual bicarbonate 实际碳酸氢盐ABC actual bicarbonate radical 实际碳酸氢根ABE actual base excess 实际碱剩余BB buffer base 缓冲碱BF base excess 剩余碱CaO2oxygen content in arterial blood 动脉血氧含量CvO2 oxygen content in venous blood 静脉血氧含量CCO2 content of carbon dioxide 二氧化碳含量C v O2 oxygen content in mixed venous blood 混合静脉血含量FiO2 fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧浓度PaO2 /FiO2 呼吸指数(动脉氧分压/吸入气氧浓度)P I O2partial pressure of oxygen in inspired gas 吸入气氧分压P A O2partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas 肺泡氧分压P E O2 partial pressure of oxygen in expired gas 呼出气氧分压F E CO2 fractional concentration of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2 浓度P E CO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired gas 呼出气CO2 分压P v O2 oxygen partial pressure of mixed venous blood 混合静脉血氧分压SCV O2central venous O2 saturation 中心静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度TCO2 total carbon dioxide content 二氧化碳总含量H+ hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度pH hydrogen exponent 酸碱度P50 partial pressure of oxygen in 50% saturation of hemoglobin血氧饱和度为50%的氧分压PaO2partial pressure of oxygen in artery 动脉血氧分压Pa CO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery 动脉二氧化碳分压PcO2 partial pressure of oxygen in capillary 毛细血管氧分压PvO2 partial pressure of oxygen in venous 静脉氧分压P v O2 partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous 混合静脉血氧分压SaO2arterial oxygen saturation 动脉血氧饱和度SAT saturation of arterial oxygen 动脉血氧饱和度SB standard bicarbonate 标准碳酸氢盐SBC standard bicarbonate radical 标准碳酸氢根SBE standard base excess 标准剩余碱SvO2 venous oxygen saturation 静脉血氧饱和度S v O2mixed venous oxygen saturation 混合静脉血氧饱和度跨肺压（ΔPL）=气道开口压（Pao）-胸膜腔内压（Ppl）（1）跨肺泡压（ΔPalv）=肺泡内压（Palv）-胸膜腔内压（Ppl）（2）跨气道压（Δpaw）=气道开口压（Pao）-肺泡内压（Palv）（3）气道峰压（PIP）=气道阻力压（PRaw）+平台压（Ppla）（4）平台压（Ppla）近似等于平均肺泡内压（Palv）。